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（新人教版）浙江专用2022版高三一轮复习必修2Unit2TheOlympicGames学案（教师版）
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这是一份（新人教版）浙江专用2022版高三一轮复习必修2Unit2TheOlympicGames学案（教师版），共18页。学案主要包含了句型公式，典型例句，词块必记，语境速测，写作金句，巧学助记，名师点津，备选要点等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Ⅰ. 核心单词
1. ancient adj. 古代的; 古老的
2. medal n. 奖章; 勋章; 纪念章
3. hmeland n. 祖国; 本国
4. basis n. (pl. bases)基础; 根据
5. athlete n. 运动员; 运动选手
6. nwadays adv. 现今; 现在
7. hst vt. 做东; 主办; 招待 n. 主人
8. replace vt. 取代; 替换; 代替
9. charge vt. & vi. 收费; 控诉
n. 费用; 主管
10. fine vt. 罚款
11. pster n. 海报; 招贴
12. bargain vi. 讨价还价; 讲条件
n. 便宜货
13. flish adj. 愚蠢的; 傻的
14. pain n. 疼痛; 痛苦
15. deserve vi. & vt. 应受(报答或惩罚); 值得
Ⅱ. 拓展单词
1. vlunteer n. 志愿者; 志愿兵 adj. 志愿的; 义务的vt. &vi. 自愿→ vluntary adj. 志愿的; 自愿的
2. cmpete vi. 比赛; 竞争→ cmpetitin n. 竞争; 比赛→ cmpetitive adj. 竞争的; 有竞争性的→ cmpetitr n. 竞争者
3. regular adj. 规则的; 定期的; 常规的→ regularly adv. 定期地; 有规律地→ regulatin n. 规则
4. admit vt. &vi. 容许; 承认; 接纳→ admissin n. 承认; 入场费; 准许进入
5. respnsibility n. 责任; 职责→ respnsible adj. 有责任心的
核心短语·闪记
1. take part in 参加; 参与
2. stand fr 代表; 象征; 表示
3. as well 也; 又; 还
4. ne after anther 陆续地; 一个接一个地
5. pick up 拾起; 捡起; 用车接某人
6. take the place f 代替……
7. play a rle in 在……起作用
8. as a matter f fact 事实上
9. in charge 主管; 看管; 负责
10. apart frm 除了……之外; 要不是
11. make a bargain 达成协议
12. n purpse 故意地; 蓄意地
经典句式·速记
1. 【句型公式】: nr引导的倒装句型
N ther cuntries culd jin in, nr culd slaves r wmen(奴隶和女士也不能参加)!
2. 【句型公式】: the+比较级. . . , the+比较级. . .
This is imprtant because the mre (越多)yu speak English, the better(越好) yur English will becme.
3. 【句型公式】: 强调句型
It’s in the Summer Olympics that (是在夏季奥运会上)yu have the running races, tgether with swimming, sailing and all the team sprts.
Ⅰ. 细品味经典文章
IOC cmmissin lauds the Beijing’s
2022 Winter Olympic preparatins
The Internatinal Olympic Cmmittee’s Crdinatin Cmmissin has lauded Beijing’s preparatins and legacy plans fr the 2022 Winter Olympics ahead f its third inspectin visit.
The cmmissin, chaired by IOC vice-president Juan Antni Samaranch, kicked ff a tw-day visit t Beijing n Mnday t assess the hst’s preparatin fr the Games and t discuss key issues with lcal rganizers, internatinal winter sprts federatins and stakehlders.
The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics will use 12 cmpetitin venues, three f which were built fr the 2008 Summer Games and tw run by public and private wners. The cnstructin f the new alpine ski center in Yanqing and the snw park fr freestyle skiing and snwbarding at the Genting Resrt in Zhangjiaku had been finished first—by the end f 2019—while the cnstructin f ther new facilities, including the Natinal Speed Skating Oval, and the remdeling f existing nes, were cmpleted in 2020.
“Summarizing it, at this stage, yu’ve dne mre than that culd be expected. We feel very cnfident in what is ging n, ” Samaranch said.
Ⅱ. 按要求完成任务
1. 写出文章中有关奥运会的短语。
cmpetitin venues; winter sprts federatins and stakehlders ; the Natinal Speed Skating Oval
2. 你认为奥林匹克的精神是什么?
“Everyne shall have the pssibility f engaging in sprts, withut discriminatin f any kind, and reflects the mutual understanding, friendship, slidarity and fair cmpetitin in the Olympic spirit. ”
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. cmpete vi. 比赛; 竞争
【典型例句】
Yung children will usually cmpete fr their mther’s attentin. 小孩子通常都会在母亲面前争宠。
【词块必记】
(1)cmpete in. . . 参加……比赛; 在……方面竞争
cmpete fr. . . 为……而竞争
cmpete with/against. . . fr. . .
为争取……而与……对抗/竞争
(2)cmpetitin n.比赛; 竞争
in cmpetitin with. . . 与……进行竞争
(3)cmpetitr n. 竞争者; 对手
cmpetitive adj. 有竞争力的
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Althugh Charles Darwin thught that trees are cmpeting fr survival f the fittest, Simard shws just hw wrng he was.
②Life is like a lng race where we ften cmpete with/against thers t g beynd urselves.
③We are in cmpetitin (cmpete) with fur ther cmpanies fr the cntract.
完成句子
④We can cmpete with students frm ther schls in the Wrld Adlescent Rbtics Cmpetitin. 我们可以和来自其他学校的学生在世界青少年机器人技能竞赛中竞争。
2. admit vt. & vi. 容许; 承认; 接纳; 容纳
【典型例句】
Yu have t admit that yu are, in fact, in difficulties.
你不得不承认, 你事实上是陷入了困境。
【词块必记】
(1)admit ding/having dne sth. 承认做/做过某事
admit sb. /sth. t be 承认某人/物是……
be admitted t/int 被接收(入学/入院/入党等)
admit that. . . 承认……
(2)admissin n. 承认; 准许进入; 入场费
【语境速测】
单句语法填空
①I must learn as much as I can t be admitted t/int a gd medical cllege, where I can prepare myself well enugh fr the jb f a dctr.
②She aplgized t me and admitted taking/having taken (take) my umbrella by mistake.
【写作金句】 It is admitted that the huse really deserves buying, because all its wide windws admit light int the rm. 人们公认这个房子的确值得购买, 因为它所有的大窗户都使光线透进室内。
3. replace vt. 取代; 替换; 代替; 把……放回原处
【典型例句】
Wh d yu suppse will replace her n the shw?
你觉得谁会代替她参加这场演出?
【词块必记】
replace. . . with/by. . . 用……替换……
replace. . . as. . . 取代……而成为……
take the place f=take ne’s place
代替; 替代
in place f 代替
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①It is still under discussin whether the ld bus statin shuld be replaced with/by a mdern htel r nt.
②It is generally believed that teachers will never be replaced (replace) by cmputers in class.
句型转换
③Jhn is ill and I want t knw wh is ging t replace him.
→Jhn is ill and I want t knw wh is ging t take the place f him/take his place.
4. charge vt. & vi. 收费; 控诉; 充电n. 费用; 主管
【典型例句】
D yu think museums shuld charge fr admissin?
你认为博物馆应该收入场费吗?
【词块必记】
(1)charge sb. fr sth. 为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb. with (ding) sth. 控告某人(做)某事
(2)take charge f 掌管/负责……
in charge f 控制/管理……
in the charge f 受……的管理; 由……负责
(3)free f charge=fr free 免费
【巧学助记】
in charge f 多以人作主语, 指“某人负责/主管某事”;
in the charge f 多以物作主语, 指“某物由某人掌管”。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The plice charged the thief with stealing the jewels.
②Hw much did he charge yu fr repairing this pair f shes?
句型转换
③The huse has been in the charge f Mr Bell fr mre than a year.
→Mr Bell has been in charge f the huse fr mre than a year.
【写作金句】
During the perid f tw weeks, we held a series f activities n study and sprts, a few f which were in the charge f English students. 在两周的时间里, 我们举办了一系列关于学习和体育的活动, 其中一些是由英语系学生负责的。
5. deserve vi. & vt. 应受(报答或惩罚); 值得; 应得
【典型例句】
His children’s bks are classics that deserve t be much better knwn.
他的儿童书非常经典, 应该为更多人所知晓。
【词块必记】
(1)deserve t d sth. 应该做某事; 值得做某事
deserve t be dne=deserve ding
……值得被做
deserve cnsideratin/attentin 值得考虑/注意
(2)deserved adj. 应得的; 该受的
【巧学助记】
deserve t be dne与deserve ding的意义相同, 即可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义, 类似的还有need, require等。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The team deserved t win (win) the champinship because they played much better than any f the ther teams.
②He gt much deserved (deserve) praise due t helping many disabled peple.
一句多译
不管你是谁, 你都应该得到平等的对待。
③Whever yu are, yu deserve equal treatment.
(deserve +n. )
④Whever yu are, yu deserve treating equally.
(deserve +ding)
⑤Whever yu are, yu deserve t be treated equally. (deserve +t be dne)
Ⅱ. 核心短语
6. take part in参加; 参与
【典型例句】
Peple wh take part in sprts must be in cnditin.
参加运动的人一定能保持良好的健康状态。
【词块必记】
take an active part in 积极参加
participate in 参加, 参与
play a part in 在……中起作用; 在……中扮演角色
【巧学助记】
(1)take part in是固定短语, part前一般不用冠词, 但是当part前有形容词修饰时, 形容词前要用不定冠词;
(2)在使用take part in时, 若其后无宾语, 则不加介词in。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①It ges withut saying that taking an active part in scial activities can braden ur hrizns.
毫无疑问, 积极参加社会活动能够拓宽我们的视野。
②As is knwn t all, gegraphy als plays a part in making dialects. 众所周知, 地理位置对方言的形成也有所影响。
选词填空(take part in, take part)
③Any student wh is interested in this activity is welcme t take part.
任何对这项活动感兴趣的学生都欢迎参加。
④We will g t take part in the summer camp held by yur schl this July.
我们将去参加今年七月由你们学校举行的夏令营。
Ⅲ. 经典句式
7. This is imprtant because the mre yu speak English, the better yur English will becme.
这很重要, 因为你说的英语越多, 你的英语就会越好。
【句型公式】
(1)“the+比较级(+主语+谓语), the+比较级(+主语+谓语)”意为“越……, 就越……”。
(2)“比较级+and+比较级”意为“越来越……”, 表示本身程度的变化。
(3)“the mre. . . , the less. . . ”意为“越……, 越不……”
【名师点津】“the+比较级(. . . ), the+比较级(. . . )”结构中, 第一个“the+比较级”是表示条件的状语从句, 在表示将来意义的情况下, 从句用一般现在时表示将来。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①The mre a persn reads, the wiser he will becme.
一个人书读得越多就会变得越明智。
② The mre careful yu are, the fewer mistakes yu will make. 你越小心, 你犯的错就会越少。
③Mre and mre cars are running in the streets tday, in which case mre and mre waste gas will be sent int the air. 在今天越来越多的汽车在街上跑, 在这种情况下将会有越来越多的废气排放到空气中。
【备选要点】
1. vlunteer n. 志愿者; 志愿兵adj. 志愿的; 义务的 vt. &vi. 自愿
【典型例句】
Schls need vlunteers t help children t read.
学校需要义务工作者帮助儿童阅读。
【词块必记】
(1)vlunteer t d sth. 自愿做某事
(2)vlunteering n. 志愿活动
vluntary adj. 自愿的; 志愿的
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Having lst his jb, he’d begun t interest himself in lcal vluntary(vlunteer) wrk.
②Many Chinese cllege students vlunteer t be (be) teachers in remte and pr areas.
③Putting yurself ut fr smene r vlunteering (vlunteer) sme time t a gd cause can make yu cntent and happy.
2. stand fr代表; 象征; 表示; 主张; 支持; 容忍
【典型例句】
I will nt stand fr behavir f that kind in my huse.
在我的家里我不会容许那种行为。
【词块必记】
stand by 站在旁边; 袖手旁观
stand ut 突出; 显眼; 杰出
stand n ne’s wn feet 自立; 不依靠他人
【语境速测】
单句语法填空
①Hw can yu stand by and let him treat his dg like that?
②Her red hat makes her stand ut in a crwd, s yu will recgnize her immediately.
完成句子
③The letter a can stand fr several sunds in English.
字母a在英语里可以有多种发音。
3. as well 也; 又; 还
【典型例句】
Andy’s face paled with disappintment; perhaps with anger as well.
安迪的脸色由于失望而变得苍白, 也许还有几分怒气。
【词块必记】
(1)as well“也”, 置于肯定句句末。
(2)as well as“也, 和”, 后接名词、代词、介词短语等; 当后接动词时, 多用-ing形式; 连接两个并列的主语时, 谓语动词常与前面的主语保持一致。
(3)as well as可作为well的同级比较结构, 表示“和……一样好”。
(4)may/might as well d sth. 表示“不妨做某事”。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Bys as well as the little girl are (be)taught ckery in schl these days.
②Each and every persn can d a lt, and yu can influence thers t d smething as well.
③Nw that they were all there she might as well speak her mind.
④As well as being (be) a phtgrapher, she is a talented musician.
完成句子
⑤His wife, as well as his children, was invited t the party yesterday. 昨天除了他的孩子之外, 他夫人也应邀参加了宴会。
4. I lived in what yu call “Ancient Greece” and I used t write abut the Olympic Games a lng time ag.
我生活在你们称之为“古希腊”的地方, 我过去也经常写有关很久以前奥运会的情况。
【句型公式】
what引导的从句作介词in的宾语, 并且what在从句中作call的宾语, Ancient Greece作宾语补足语。
(1)介词后不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句, 需要接it作介词的形式宾语, 再接that引导的宾语从句; 但what, which, whm, hw等连接词引导的宾语从句可直接放在介词后面。
(2)介词后可接whether引导的宾语从句, 但不接由if引导的宾语从句。
【语境速测】 完成句子
① When we arrived at what was called the City f Fg, we fund Lndn had cmpletely changed.
当我们到达被叫作“雾都”的地方时, 我们发现伦敦已完全改变了。
②We’re thinking abut whether we can finish the wrk n time.
我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。
5. N ther cuntries culd jin in, nr culd slaves r wmen! 其他国家不能参加, 奴隶和女士也不能参加!
【句型公式】
(1)neither/nr+系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语, 表示前面所说的否定情况也适合于另一个人或事物。
(2)s+主语+系动词be/助动词/情态动词, 用来表示同意、附和前一说话者所说的内容, 可译为“是的, 对, 的确如此”。
(3)s+系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语, 表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一个人或事物。
(4)如果前面句子的谓语既有肯定又有否定, 或者形式不同, 就用句型S it is/was with. . . /It is/was the same with. . . 。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①Yu can’t cancel the cntract, nr/neither can I.
你不能取消这个合同, 我也不能。
②—Jack is very crazy abut Chinese culture and flk music.
— S he is and s are yu.
——杰克对中国文化和民间音乐非常痴迷。
——他的确如此, 你也是。
③He is very clever but he desn’t wrk hard; it is the same with/s it is with his sister.
他很聪明, 但不努力, 他姐姐也是这样。
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)When they were free frm wrk, they invited us t lcal events and let us knw f an interesting cmpetitin(cmpete) t watch, tgether with the stry behind it.
2. (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Museums must cmpete fr peple’s spare time and mney with ther amusements.
3. (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Jhn, will yu agree t take charge f the wrk?
4. (2020·浙江高考)After a lng run, yu may feel like yu’re in pain, yu may feel tired.
5. (2020·江苏高考) Physical(physics) exercise befre breakfast is better fr health.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. (2019·北京高考)The prblem f rbcalls has gtten s bad that many peple nw refuse t pick up(接听) calls frm numbers they dn’t knw.
2. (2019·天津高考)It is bilgical age that (正是生物年龄) determines ur health and ultimately ur lifespan.
3. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)“I figured whever lst the dg was prbably just as clse t it as I am t my dgs(就像我和我的狗的关系一样密切), ” says Ehlers.
4. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Yu will be able t take part in (参加)a number f activities frm caneing t wild camping n Dartmr.
5. (2017·江苏高考)This is why(鉴于此), in part at least, the US Natinal Climate Assessment says that: “there is n ’ne-size fits all’ adaptatin. ”
Ⅲ. 语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
Accrding t a review f evidence in a medical jurnal, runners live three years 1. _________(lng) than nn-runners. Yu dn’t have t run fast r fr lng 2. _________ (see) the benefit. Yu may drink, smke, be verweight and still reduce yur risk f 3. _________ (die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make yu live frever, the review says it 4. _________ (be) mre effective at lengthening life 5. _________ walking, cycling r swimming. Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 6. _________ shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all 7. _________ (cause).
The best exercise is ne that yu enjy and will d. But therwise. . . it’s prbably running. T avid knee pain, yu can run n sft surfaces, d exercises t 8. _________ (strength) yur leg muscles (肌肉), avid hills and get gd running shes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 9. _________ (energy). If yu are time pr, yu need run fr nly half the time t get the same benefits as ther sprts, s perhaps we shuld all give 10. _________ a try.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了跑步对身体健康的影响, 以及应该注意的事项。
1. 【解析】lnger。考查副词的比较级。根据空后的than和句意可知, 此处应该使用比较级形式, 故填lnger。
2. 【解析】t see。考查非谓语动词。此处意为: 你不必跑很快或很久就能看到它的好处。应该使用不定式形式表示目的。
3. 【解析】dying。考查非谓语动词。此处作介词f的宾语, 且后有副词early作状语, 故填动词die的-ing形式dying。
4. 【解析】is。考查时态和主谓一致。根据全文可知, 文章叙述的是一般的客观陈述的事实, 故使用一般现在时。it指代上一句的running regularly, 是单数, 故填is。
5. 【解析】than。考查连词。根据前面的mre effective可知, 此处表示“跑步在延长生命方面比步行、骑车或游泳更有效”, 故使用表示比较形式的连词than。
6. 【解析】that/which。考查定语从句。根据句子结构可知, 此处是定语从句的关系代词, 在定语从句中作主语, 其先行词是study, 故填that/which。
7. 【解析】causes。考查可数名词复数。此处的cause是名词, 表示“原因”。根据其前的all可知, 应该使用复数形式, 故填causes。
8. 【解析】strengthen。考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知, 此处应该使用不定式形式作目的状语, 故填动词strengthen。
9. 【解析】energetic。考查词性转换。根据句子结构可知, 此处应该使用与其前的cheap、easy相同形式的形容词energetic作表语。
10. 【解析】it/running。考查代词或名词。根据句意可知, 此处表示“我们都应该试着跑跑步”, 故填代词it, 指代上文的running或者直接填running。
【难句剖析】
Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 that/which shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all causes.
分析: 此句是一个复合句, 句子的主要部分是Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study, 过去分词短语published in 2014和定语从句that/which shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all causes分别作定语修饰名词study。
翻译: 这篇评论的其中两位作者还做了一项研究, 该研究发表于2014年, 研究表明每天跑步只需5～10分钟, 就会减少所有原因导致的患心脏病和早亡的危险。
核心素养 弘扬体育精神, 培养竞争与协作观念, 磨炼坚强意志, 增强健身意识
高考链接 2020·全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解C; 2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷; 2020·全国Ⅱ卷短文改错; 2019·北京高考阅读填句; 2018·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空; 2018·北京高考阅读理解A; 2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读填句; 2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达
Ⅰ. 话题与阅读理解
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解C)
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shws, while mst likely cntributing t fewer injuries. It des, hwever, have its wn prblem.
Race walkers are cnditined athletes. The lngest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilmeter race walk, which is abut five miles lnger than the marathn. But the sprt’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight thrugh mst f the leg swing and ne ft remain in cntact(接触) with the grund at all times. It’s this strange frm that makes race walking such an attractive activity, hwever, says Jaclyn Nrberg, an assistant prfessr f exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. Accrding t mst calculatins, race walkers mving at a pace f six miles per hur wuld burn abut 800 calries(卡路里) per hur, which is apprximately twice as many as they wuld burn walking, althugh fewer than running, which wuld prbably burn abut 1, 000 r mre calries per hur.
Hwever, race walking des nt pund the bdy as much as running des, Dr. Nrberg says. Accrding t her research, runners hit the grund with as much as fur times their bdy weight per step, while race walkers, wh d nt leave the grund, create nly abut 1. 4 times their bdy weight with each step.
As a result, she says, sme f the injuries assciated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncmmn amng race walkers. But the sprt’s strange frm des place cnsiderable stress n the ankles and hips, s peple with a histry f such injuries might want t be cautius in adpting the sprt. In fact, anyne wishing t try race walking shuld prbably first cnsult a cach r experienced racer t learn prper technique, she says. It takes sme practice.
【文章大意】本文是说明文。虽然竞走与跑步一样都有助于健康, 但竞走运动与跑步不同。竞走者必须是有一定条件的运动员, 而且需要练习, 需要有教练或有经验的竞走者的指导。
1. Why are race walkers cnditined athletes?
A. They must run lng distances.
B. They are qualified fr the marathn.
C. They have t fllw special rules.
D. They are gd at swinging their legs.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段对竞走运动的介绍可知, 竞走需要一定的条件: 距离长, 竞走者的膝盖在跑动时必须是直的, 而且前后脚交替着地。因此, C项“竞走者必须遵循一定的规则”符合题意。
2. What advantage des race walking have ver running?
A. It’s mre ppular at the Olympics.
B. It’s less challenging physically.
C. It’s mre effective in bdy building.
D. It’s less likely t cause knee injuries.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“因此, 她说, 一些与跑步有关的损伤, 比如跑步者的膝盖(的损伤), 在竞走者中并不常见。”也就是说竞走对膝盖的伤害比跑步要小。故选D。
3. What is Dr. Nrberg’s suggestin fr smene trying race walking?
A. Getting experts’ pinins.
B. Having a medical checkup.
C. Hiring an experienced cach.
D. Ding regular exercises.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“她说, 事实上, 任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走者, 学习适当的技术。”可知, 诺伯格博士建议想参与竞走运动的人先听一听专家的意见。故选A。
4. Which wrd best describes the authr’s attitude t race walking?
A. Skeptical. B. Objective.
C. Tlerant. D. Cnservative.
【解析】选B。观点态度题。作者介绍了竞走与跑步的不同, 并引用了一些研究成果。所以, 作者对竞走的态度是客观的。故选B。
【微技能点拨】 事实细节题 寻读法
分为直接理解题和间接理解题, 前者常用wh, what, which, when, where, why和hw提问, 或判断正误; 后者需与原文信息转换, 表达上与原文有差异。
本文中第3题为细节理解题, 根据策略解题如下:
Step 1 确定题干关键词: Dr. Nrberg’s suggestin
Step 2 回到原文准定位, 找到匹配关键信息: In fact, anyne wishing t try race walking shuld prbably first cnsult a cach r experienced racer t learn prper technique, she says.
Step 3 对比选项找最佳: 尝试解答 A 。
【语用提能】
【微语法填空】
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解C改编)
Race walking shares many 1. _________ (fit) benefits with running, research shws, while mst likely 2. _________ (cntribute) t fewer injuries. It des, 3. _________, have its wn prblem.
Race walkers are 4. _________(cnditin) athletes. The 5. _________ (lng) track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilmeter race walk, 6. _________ is abut five miles lnger than the marathn. But the sprt’s rules require that a race walker’s knees 7. _________ (stay) straight thrugh mst f the leg swing and ne ft remain 8. _________ cntact(接触) with the grund at all times. It’s this strange frm that 9. _________(make) race walking such an attractive activity, hwever, says Jaclyn Nrberg, an 10. _________(assist) prfessr f exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
1. 【解析】fitness。考查名词。名词修饰名词, fit的名词是fitness。
2. 【解析】cntributing。考查非谓语动词。前半句有谓语动词shares, 后半句为非谓语动词, 与walking是逻辑上的主动关系, 用现在分词。
3. 【解析】hwever。考查副词。hwever放在句子中间, 前后有逗号隔开, 表示语义的转折。
4. 【解析】cnditined。考查非谓语动词。竞走运动员会受到条件的限制, 修饰词与cnditin之间是被动关系, 用过去分词。
5. 【解析】lngest。考查形容词最高级。根据句意判断是夏季奥运会中距离最长的田径赛事, 用lng的最高级。
6. 【解析】which。考查非限制性定语从句。前面有逗号隔开, 指代前面的先行词the 50-kilmeter race walk, 指物用which。
7. 【解析】stay。考查虚拟语气。require引导的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用(shuld) d。
8. 【解析】in。考查介词。固定短语remain in cntact with 与……保持联系。
9. 【解析】makes。考查主谓一致。强调句结构, 主语是strange frm, 后面与主语保持一致, 用第三人称单数形式。
10. 【解析】assistant。考查形容词。助理教授, 形容词修饰名词。
Ⅱ. 话题与写作
(2020·浙江1月高考)
阅读下面短文, 根据所给情节进行续写, 使之构成一个完整的故事。
“I’m ging t miss yu s much, Pppy, ” said the tall, thin teenager. He bent dwn t hug his ld friend gdbye. He std up, hugged his parents, and smiled, trying nt t let his emtins (情绪) get the better f him.
His parents were nt quite able t keep theirs under cntrl. They had driven their sn several hurs ut f twn t the university where he wuld sn be living and studying. It was time t say gdbye fr nw at least. The family hugged and smiled thrugh misty eyes and then laughed.
The by lifted the last bag nt his shulder, and flashed a bright smile. “I guess this is it. ” he said. “I’ll see yu back hme in a mnth, kay? ” His parents ndded, and they watched as he walked ut f sight int the crwds f hundreds f students and parents. The by’s mther turned t the dg, “Okay, Pppy, time t g back hme. ”
The huse seemed quiet as a tmb withut the by living there. All that week, Pppy didn’t seem interested in her dinner, her favrite ty, r even in her daily walk. Her wners were sad t, but they knew their sn wuld be back t visit, Pppy didn’t.
They ffered the dg sme f her favrite peanut butter treats. They even let her sit n the sfa, but the ld girl just wasn’t her usual cheerful self. Her wners started t get wrried, “What shuld we d t cheer Pppy up? ” asked Dad. “We’ve tried everything. ”
“I have an idea, but it might be a little crazy, ” smiled Mm. “Withut anybdy left in the huse but us, this place culd use a bit f fun. Let’s get a little dg fr Pppy. ”
It didn’t take lng befre they walked thrugh the frnt dr carrying a big bx. Pppy welcmed them hme as usual, but when she saw the bx, she stpped. She put her nse n it. Her tail began wagging (摆动) ever s slwly, then faster as she caught the smell.
注意:
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右;
2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语;
3. 续写部分分为两段, 每段的开头语已为你写好;
4. 续写完成后, 请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
Dad pened the bx and a sweet little dg appeared.
Paragraph 2:
A few weeks later, the by arrived hme frm the university.
Step 1 写作技巧
1. 通读全文, 获知前文要领
(1)体裁: 记叙文
(2)原文线索: “男孩”将要踏入大学校园生活, 依依不舍地与父母以及他的“朋友”波比(宠物狗)告别。“男孩”走后, 波比陷入抑郁状态, 为了重新唤回富有生命力的波比, “男孩”的父母为他找到了另一个“伙伴”……
2. 析划线词, 分类选关键词
人与动物: Pppy, dg, parents, by
地点: university
事物: bx
动作: hugged, watched
状态: back, cheerful
3. 读段首句, 合理设计情节
Paragraph 1: 根据段首句Dad pened the bx and a sweet little dg appeared. 可知, 一条可爱的小狗出现了。所以后文应该是描写两只狗的相处情况, 在新狗狗的陪伴下Pppy恢复了往日的快乐。
Paragraph 2: 根据段首句A few weeks later, the by arrived hme frm the university. 可知, 男孩从大学回到家里。本段应该写男孩回到家以后看到两条狗的反应, 以及父母告诉男孩买新小狗的原因。
4. 斟词酌句, 动作描写
①Pppy看到小狗高兴得跳了起来。
Pppy jumped with jy at the sight f the little dg.
②没过多久, 两只狗就在家里玩耍, 兴高采烈地追着对方跑。
It didn’t take lng befre the tw played arund the huse, cheerfully running after each ther.
③当男孩看到波比时, 他冲向那只狗, 弯下腰给了她一个大大的拥抱。
When the by caught sight f Pppy, he went rushing tward the dg and bent dwn t give her a big hug.
Step 2 妙笔成篇
Dad pened the bx and a sweet little dg appeared. Pppy jumped with jy at the sight f the little dg. She lwered her head t watch it curiusly. Then she became s excited that she accidentally kncked ver the bx in an attempt t get clser. With the bx tipping ver, ut came the little ne, wh was nt shy and instantly gt familiar with Pppy. It didn’t take lng befre the tw played arund the huse, cheerfully running after each ther.
A few weeks later, the by arrived hme frm the university. He had been missing his parents and the dg since it was the first time that he had been away frm hme fr such a lng time. When the by caught sight f Pppy, he went rushing tward the dg and bent dwn t give her a big hug. Suddenly, the by nticed the little dg. “Oh my gd, wh is this? ” His parents laughed at the lk f surprise n his face. “It’s Pppy’s new cmpanin. ” said Mm.
话题词汇
Race walking; running; marathn
短语句式
Accrding t mst calculatins, race walkers mving at a pace f six miles per hur wuld burn abut 800 calries per hur, which is apprximately twice as many as they wuld burn walking. . .
Ⅰ. 核心单词
1. ancient adj. 古代的; 古老的
2. medal n. 奖章; 勋章; 纪念章
3. hmeland n. 祖国; 本国
4. basis n. (pl. bases)基础; 根据
5. athlete n. 运动员; 运动选手
6. nwadays adv. 现今; 现在
7. hst vt. 做东; 主办; 招待 n. 主人
8. replace vt. 取代; 替换; 代替
9. charge vt. & vi. 收费; 控诉
n. 费用; 主管
10. fine vt. 罚款
11. pster n. 海报; 招贴
12. bargain vi. 讨价还价; 讲条件
n. 便宜货
13. flish adj. 愚蠢的; 傻的
14. pain n. 疼痛; 痛苦
15. deserve vi. & vt. 应受(报答或惩罚); 值得
Ⅱ. 拓展单词
1. vlunteer n. 志愿者; 志愿兵 adj. 志愿的; 义务的vt. &vi. 自愿→ vluntary adj. 志愿的; 自愿的
2. cmpete vi. 比赛; 竞争→ cmpetitin n. 竞争; 比赛→ cmpetitive adj. 竞争的; 有竞争性的→ cmpetitr n. 竞争者
3. regular adj. 规则的; 定期的; 常规的→ regularly adv. 定期地; 有规律地→ regulatin n. 规则
4. admit vt. &vi. 容许; 承认; 接纳→ admissin n. 承认; 入场费; 准许进入
5. respnsibility n. 责任; 职责→ respnsible adj. 有责任心的
核心短语·闪记
1. take part in 参加; 参与
2. stand fr 代表; 象征; 表示
3. as well 也; 又; 还
4. ne after anther 陆续地; 一个接一个地
5. pick up 拾起; 捡起; 用车接某人
6. take the place f 代替……
7. play a rle in 在……起作用
8. as a matter f fact 事实上
9. in charge 主管; 看管; 负责
10. apart frm 除了……之外; 要不是
11. make a bargain 达成协议
12. n purpse 故意地; 蓄意地
经典句式·速记
1. 【句型公式】: nr引导的倒装句型
N ther cuntries culd jin in, nr culd slaves r wmen(奴隶和女士也不能参加)!
2. 【句型公式】: the+比较级. . . , the+比较级. . .
This is imprtant because the mre (越多)yu speak English, the better(越好) yur English will becme.
3. 【句型公式】: 强调句型
It’s in the Summer Olympics that (是在夏季奥运会上)yu have the running races, tgether with swimming, sailing and all the team sprts.
Ⅰ. 细品味经典文章
IOC cmmissin lauds the Beijing’s
2022 Winter Olympic preparatins
The Internatinal Olympic Cmmittee’s Crdinatin Cmmissin has lauded Beijing’s preparatins and legacy plans fr the 2022 Winter Olympics ahead f its third inspectin visit.
The cmmissin, chaired by IOC vice-president Juan Antni Samaranch, kicked ff a tw-day visit t Beijing n Mnday t assess the hst’s preparatin fr the Games and t discuss key issues with lcal rganizers, internatinal winter sprts federatins and stakehlders.
The Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics will use 12 cmpetitin venues, three f which were built fr the 2008 Summer Games and tw run by public and private wners. The cnstructin f the new alpine ski center in Yanqing and the snw park fr freestyle skiing and snwbarding at the Genting Resrt in Zhangjiaku had been finished first—by the end f 2019—while the cnstructin f ther new facilities, including the Natinal Speed Skating Oval, and the remdeling f existing nes, were cmpleted in 2020.
“Summarizing it, at this stage, yu’ve dne mre than that culd be expected. We feel very cnfident in what is ging n, ” Samaranch said.
Ⅱ. 按要求完成任务
1. 写出文章中有关奥运会的短语。
cmpetitin venues; winter sprts federatins and stakehlders ; the Natinal Speed Skating Oval
2. 你认为奥林匹克的精神是什么?
“Everyne shall have the pssibility f engaging in sprts, withut discriminatin f any kind, and reflects the mutual understanding, friendship, slidarity and fair cmpetitin in the Olympic spirit. ”
Ⅰ. 重点词汇
1. cmpete vi. 比赛; 竞争
【典型例句】
Yung children will usually cmpete fr their mther’s attentin. 小孩子通常都会在母亲面前争宠。
【词块必记】
(1)cmpete in. . . 参加……比赛; 在……方面竞争
cmpete fr. . . 为……而竞争
cmpete with/against. . . fr. . .
为争取……而与……对抗/竞争
(2)cmpetitin n.比赛; 竞争
in cmpetitin with. . . 与……进行竞争
(3)cmpetitr n. 竞争者; 对手
cmpetitive adj. 有竞争力的
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Althugh Charles Darwin thught that trees are cmpeting fr survival f the fittest, Simard shws just hw wrng he was.
②Life is like a lng race where we ften cmpete with/against thers t g beynd urselves.
③We are in cmpetitin (cmpete) with fur ther cmpanies fr the cntract.
完成句子
④We can cmpete with students frm ther schls in the Wrld Adlescent Rbtics Cmpetitin. 我们可以和来自其他学校的学生在世界青少年机器人技能竞赛中竞争。
2. admit vt. & vi. 容许; 承认; 接纳; 容纳
【典型例句】
Yu have t admit that yu are, in fact, in difficulties.
你不得不承认, 你事实上是陷入了困境。
【词块必记】
(1)admit ding/having dne sth. 承认做/做过某事
admit sb. /sth. t be 承认某人/物是……
be admitted t/int 被接收(入学/入院/入党等)
admit that. . . 承认……
(2)admissin n. 承认; 准许进入; 入场费
【语境速测】
单句语法填空
①I must learn as much as I can t be admitted t/int a gd medical cllege, where I can prepare myself well enugh fr the jb f a dctr.
②She aplgized t me and admitted taking/having taken (take) my umbrella by mistake.
【写作金句】 It is admitted that the huse really deserves buying, because all its wide windws admit light int the rm. 人们公认这个房子的确值得购买, 因为它所有的大窗户都使光线透进室内。
3. replace vt. 取代; 替换; 代替; 把……放回原处
【典型例句】
Wh d yu suppse will replace her n the shw?
你觉得谁会代替她参加这场演出?
【词块必记】
replace. . . with/by. . . 用……替换……
replace. . . as. . . 取代……而成为……
take the place f=take ne’s place
代替; 替代
in place f 代替
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①It is still under discussin whether the ld bus statin shuld be replaced with/by a mdern htel r nt.
②It is generally believed that teachers will never be replaced (replace) by cmputers in class.
句型转换
③Jhn is ill and I want t knw wh is ging t replace him.
→Jhn is ill and I want t knw wh is ging t take the place f him/take his place.
4. charge vt. & vi. 收费; 控诉; 充电n. 费用; 主管
【典型例句】
D yu think museums shuld charge fr admissin?
你认为博物馆应该收入场费吗?
【词块必记】
(1)charge sb. fr sth. 为某物向某人收取费用
charge sb. with (ding) sth. 控告某人(做)某事
(2)take charge f 掌管/负责……
in charge f 控制/管理……
in the charge f 受……的管理; 由……负责
(3)free f charge=fr free 免费
【巧学助记】
in charge f 多以人作主语, 指“某人负责/主管某事”;
in the charge f 多以物作主语, 指“某物由某人掌管”。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The plice charged the thief with stealing the jewels.
②Hw much did he charge yu fr repairing this pair f shes?
句型转换
③The huse has been in the charge f Mr Bell fr mre than a year.
→Mr Bell has been in charge f the huse fr mre than a year.
【写作金句】
During the perid f tw weeks, we held a series f activities n study and sprts, a few f which were in the charge f English students. 在两周的时间里, 我们举办了一系列关于学习和体育的活动, 其中一些是由英语系学生负责的。
5. deserve vi. & vt. 应受(报答或惩罚); 值得; 应得
【典型例句】
His children’s bks are classics that deserve t be much better knwn.
他的儿童书非常经典, 应该为更多人所知晓。
【词块必记】
(1)deserve t d sth. 应该做某事; 值得做某事
deserve t be dne=deserve ding
……值得被做
deserve cnsideratin/attentin 值得考虑/注意
(2)deserved adj. 应得的; 该受的
【巧学助记】
deserve t be dne与deserve ding的意义相同, 即可用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义, 类似的还有need, require等。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①The team deserved t win (win) the champinship because they played much better than any f the ther teams.
②He gt much deserved (deserve) praise due t helping many disabled peple.
一句多译
不管你是谁, 你都应该得到平等的对待。
③Whever yu are, yu deserve equal treatment.
(deserve +n. )
④Whever yu are, yu deserve treating equally.
(deserve +ding)
⑤Whever yu are, yu deserve t be treated equally. (deserve +t be dne)
Ⅱ. 核心短语
6. take part in参加; 参与
【典型例句】
Peple wh take part in sprts must be in cnditin.
参加运动的人一定能保持良好的健康状态。
【词块必记】
take an active part in 积极参加
participate in 参加, 参与
play a part in 在……中起作用; 在……中扮演角色
【巧学助记】
(1)take part in是固定短语, part前一般不用冠词, 但是当part前有形容词修饰时, 形容词前要用不定冠词;
(2)在使用take part in时, 若其后无宾语, 则不加介词in。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①It ges withut saying that taking an active part in scial activities can braden ur hrizns.
毫无疑问, 积极参加社会活动能够拓宽我们的视野。
②As is knwn t all, gegraphy als plays a part in making dialects. 众所周知, 地理位置对方言的形成也有所影响。
选词填空(take part in, take part)
③Any student wh is interested in this activity is welcme t take part.
任何对这项活动感兴趣的学生都欢迎参加。
④We will g t take part in the summer camp held by yur schl this July.
我们将去参加今年七月由你们学校举行的夏令营。
Ⅲ. 经典句式
7. This is imprtant because the mre yu speak English, the better yur English will becme.
这很重要, 因为你说的英语越多, 你的英语就会越好。
【句型公式】
(1)“the+比较级(+主语+谓语), the+比较级(+主语+谓语)”意为“越……, 就越……”。
(2)“比较级+and+比较级”意为“越来越……”, 表示本身程度的变化。
(3)“the mre. . . , the less. . . ”意为“越……, 越不……”
【名师点津】“the+比较级(. . . ), the+比较级(. . . )”结构中, 第一个“the+比较级”是表示条件的状语从句, 在表示将来意义的情况下, 从句用一般现在时表示将来。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①The mre a persn reads, the wiser he will becme.
一个人书读得越多就会变得越明智。
② The mre careful yu are, the fewer mistakes yu will make. 你越小心, 你犯的错就会越少。
③Mre and mre cars are running in the streets tday, in which case mre and mre waste gas will be sent int the air. 在今天越来越多的汽车在街上跑, 在这种情况下将会有越来越多的废气排放到空气中。
【备选要点】
1. vlunteer n. 志愿者; 志愿兵adj. 志愿的; 义务的 vt. &vi. 自愿
【典型例句】
Schls need vlunteers t help children t read.
学校需要义务工作者帮助儿童阅读。
【词块必记】
(1)vlunteer t d sth. 自愿做某事
(2)vlunteering n. 志愿活动
vluntary adj. 自愿的; 志愿的
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Having lst his jb, he’d begun t interest himself in lcal vluntary(vlunteer) wrk.
②Many Chinese cllege students vlunteer t be (be) teachers in remte and pr areas.
③Putting yurself ut fr smene r vlunteering (vlunteer) sme time t a gd cause can make yu cntent and happy.
2. stand fr代表; 象征; 表示; 主张; 支持; 容忍
【典型例句】
I will nt stand fr behavir f that kind in my huse.
在我的家里我不会容许那种行为。
【词块必记】
stand by 站在旁边; 袖手旁观
stand ut 突出; 显眼; 杰出
stand n ne’s wn feet 自立; 不依靠他人
【语境速测】
单句语法填空
①Hw can yu stand by and let him treat his dg like that?
②Her red hat makes her stand ut in a crwd, s yu will recgnize her immediately.
完成句子
③The letter a can stand fr several sunds in English.
字母a在英语里可以有多种发音。
3. as well 也; 又; 还
【典型例句】
Andy’s face paled with disappintment; perhaps with anger as well.
安迪的脸色由于失望而变得苍白, 也许还有几分怒气。
【词块必记】
(1)as well“也”, 置于肯定句句末。
(2)as well as“也, 和”, 后接名词、代词、介词短语等; 当后接动词时, 多用-ing形式; 连接两个并列的主语时, 谓语动词常与前面的主语保持一致。
(3)as well as可作为well的同级比较结构, 表示“和……一样好”。
(4)may/might as well d sth. 表示“不妨做某事”。
【语境速测】 单句语法填空
①Bys as well as the little girl are (be)taught ckery in schl these days.
②Each and every persn can d a lt, and yu can influence thers t d smething as well.
③Nw that they were all there she might as well speak her mind.
④As well as being (be) a phtgrapher, she is a talented musician.
完成句子
⑤His wife, as well as his children, was invited t the party yesterday. 昨天除了他的孩子之外, 他夫人也应邀参加了宴会。
4. I lived in what yu call “Ancient Greece” and I used t write abut the Olympic Games a lng time ag.
我生活在你们称之为“古希腊”的地方, 我过去也经常写有关很久以前奥运会的情况。
【句型公式】
what引导的从句作介词in的宾语, 并且what在从句中作call的宾语, Ancient Greece作宾语补足语。
(1)介词后不能直接跟that引导的宾语从句, 需要接it作介词的形式宾语, 再接that引导的宾语从句; 但what, which, whm, hw等连接词引导的宾语从句可直接放在介词后面。
(2)介词后可接whether引导的宾语从句, 但不接由if引导的宾语从句。
【语境速测】 完成句子
① When we arrived at what was called the City f Fg, we fund Lndn had cmpletely changed.
当我们到达被叫作“雾都”的地方时, 我们发现伦敦已完全改变了。
②We’re thinking abut whether we can finish the wrk n time.
我们正在考虑是否能按时完成这项工作。
5. N ther cuntries culd jin in, nr culd slaves r wmen! 其他国家不能参加, 奴隶和女士也不能参加!
【句型公式】
(1)neither/nr+系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语, 表示前面所说的否定情况也适合于另一个人或事物。
(2)s+主语+系动词be/助动词/情态动词, 用来表示同意、附和前一说话者所说的内容, 可译为“是的, 对, 的确如此”。
(3)s+系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语, 表示前面所说的肯定情况也适合于另一个人或事物。
(4)如果前面句子的谓语既有肯定又有否定, 或者形式不同, 就用句型S it is/was with. . . /It is/was the same with. . . 。
【语境速测】 完成句子
①Yu can’t cancel the cntract, nr/neither can I.
你不能取消这个合同, 我也不能。
②—Jack is very crazy abut Chinese culture and flk music.
— S he is and s are yu.
——杰克对中国文化和民间音乐非常痴迷。
——他的确如此, 你也是。
③He is very clever but he desn’t wrk hard; it is the same with/s it is with his sister.
他很聪明, 但不努力, 他姐姐也是这样。
Ⅰ. 单句语法填空
1. (2019·全国卷Ⅲ)When they were free frm wrk, they invited us t lcal events and let us knw f an interesting cmpetitin(cmpete) t watch, tgether with the stry behind it.
2. (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Museums must cmpete fr peple’s spare time and mney with ther amusements.
3. (2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷)Jhn, will yu agree t take charge f the wrk?
4. (2020·浙江高考)After a lng run, yu may feel like yu’re in pain, yu may feel tired.
5. (2020·江苏高考) Physical(physics) exercise befre breakfast is better fr health.
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. (2019·北京高考)The prblem f rbcalls has gtten s bad that many peple nw refuse t pick up(接听) calls frm numbers they dn’t knw.
2. (2019·天津高考)It is bilgical age that (正是生物年龄) determines ur health and ultimately ur lifespan.
3. (2019·全国卷Ⅱ)“I figured whever lst the dg was prbably just as clse t it as I am t my dgs(就像我和我的狗的关系一样密切), ” says Ehlers.
4. (2018·全国卷Ⅱ)Yu will be able t take part in (参加)a number f activities frm caneing t wild camping n Dartmr.
5. (2017·江苏高考)This is why(鉴于此), in part at least, the US Natinal Climate Assessment says that: “there is n ’ne-size fits all’ adaptatin. ”
Ⅲ. 语法填空
(2018·全国卷Ⅰ)
Accrding t a review f evidence in a medical jurnal, runners live three years 1. _________(lng) than nn-runners. Yu dn’t have t run fast r fr lng 2. _________ (see) the benefit. Yu may drink, smke, be verweight and still reduce yur risk f 3. _________ (die) early by running.
While running regularly can’t make yu live frever, the review says it 4. _________ (be) mre effective at lengthening life 5. _________ walking, cycling r swimming. Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 6. _________ shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all 7. _________ (cause).
The best exercise is ne that yu enjy and will d. But therwise. . . it’s prbably running. T avid knee pain, yu can run n sft surfaces, d exercises t 8. _________ (strength) yur leg muscles (肌肉), avid hills and get gd running shes. Running is cheap, easy and it’s always 9. _________ (energy). If yu are time pr, yu need run fr nly half the time t get the same benefits as ther sprts, s perhaps we shuld all give 10. _________ a try.
【文章大意】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍了跑步对身体健康的影响, 以及应该注意的事项。
1. 【解析】lnger。考查副词的比较级。根据空后的than和句意可知, 此处应该使用比较级形式, 故填lnger。
2. 【解析】t see。考查非谓语动词。此处意为: 你不必跑很快或很久就能看到它的好处。应该使用不定式形式表示目的。
3. 【解析】dying。考查非谓语动词。此处作介词f的宾语, 且后有副词early作状语, 故填动词die的-ing形式dying。
4. 【解析】is。考查时态和主谓一致。根据全文可知, 文章叙述的是一般的客观陈述的事实, 故使用一般现在时。it指代上一句的running regularly, 是单数, 故填is。
5. 【解析】than。考查连词。根据前面的mre effective可知, 此处表示“跑步在延长生命方面比步行、骑车或游泳更有效”, 故使用表示比较形式的连词than。
6. 【解析】that/which。考查定语从句。根据句子结构可知, 此处是定语从句的关系代词, 在定语从句中作主语, 其先行词是study, 故填that/which。
7. 【解析】causes。考查可数名词复数。此处的cause是名词, 表示“原因”。根据其前的all可知, 应该使用复数形式, 故填causes。
8. 【解析】strengthen。考查非谓语动词。根据句子结构可知, 此处应该使用不定式形式作目的状语, 故填动词strengthen。
9. 【解析】energetic。考查词性转换。根据句子结构可知, 此处应该使用与其前的cheap、easy相同形式的形容词energetic作表语。
10. 【解析】it/running。考查代词或名词。根据句意可知, 此处表示“我们都应该试着跑跑步”, 故填代词it, 指代上文的running或者直接填running。
【难句剖析】
Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study published in 2014 that/which shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all causes.
分析: 此句是一个复合句, 句子的主要部分是Tw f the authrs f the review als made a study, 过去分词短语published in 2014和定语从句that/which shwed a mere five t 10 minutes a day f running reduced the risk f heart disease and early deaths frm all causes分别作定语修饰名词study。
翻译: 这篇评论的其中两位作者还做了一项研究, 该研究发表于2014年, 研究表明每天跑步只需5～10分钟, 就会减少所有原因导致的患心脏病和早亡的危险。
核心素养 弘扬体育精神, 培养竞争与协作观念, 磨炼坚强意志, 增强健身意识
高考链接 2020·全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解C; 2020·新高考全国Ⅰ卷; 2020·全国Ⅱ卷短文改错; 2019·北京高考阅读填句; 2018·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空; 2018·北京高考阅读理解A; 2018·全国卷Ⅱ阅读填句; 2018·全国卷Ⅲ书面表达
Ⅰ. 话题与阅读理解
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解C)
Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shws, while mst likely cntributing t fewer injuries. It des, hwever, have its wn prblem.
Race walkers are cnditined athletes. The lngest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilmeter race walk, which is abut five miles lnger than the marathn. But the sprt’s rules require that a race walker’s knees stay straight thrugh mst f the leg swing and ne ft remain in cntact(接触) with the grund at all times. It’s this strange frm that makes race walking such an attractive activity, hwever, says Jaclyn Nrberg, an assistant prfessr f exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. Accrding t mst calculatins, race walkers mving at a pace f six miles per hur wuld burn abut 800 calries(卡路里) per hur, which is apprximately twice as many as they wuld burn walking, althugh fewer than running, which wuld prbably burn abut 1, 000 r mre calries per hur.
Hwever, race walking des nt pund the bdy as much as running des, Dr. Nrberg says. Accrding t her research, runners hit the grund with as much as fur times their bdy weight per step, while race walkers, wh d nt leave the grund, create nly abut 1. 4 times their bdy weight with each step.
As a result, she says, sme f the injuries assciated with running, such as runner’s knee, are uncmmn amng race walkers. But the sprt’s strange frm des place cnsiderable stress n the ankles and hips, s peple with a histry f such injuries might want t be cautius in adpting the sprt. In fact, anyne wishing t try race walking shuld prbably first cnsult a cach r experienced racer t learn prper technique, she says. It takes sme practice.
【文章大意】本文是说明文。虽然竞走与跑步一样都有助于健康, 但竞走运动与跑步不同。竞走者必须是有一定条件的运动员, 而且需要练习, 需要有教练或有经验的竞走者的指导。
1. Why are race walkers cnditined athletes?
A. They must run lng distances.
B. They are qualified fr the marathn.
C. They have t fllw special rules.
D. They are gd at swinging their legs.
【解析】选C。推理判断题。根据第二段对竞走运动的介绍可知, 竞走需要一定的条件: 距离长, 竞走者的膝盖在跑动时必须是直的, 而且前后脚交替着地。因此, C项“竞走者必须遵循一定的规则”符合题意。
2. What advantage des race walking have ver running?
A. It’s mre ppular at the Olympics.
B. It’s less challenging physically.
C. It’s mre effective in bdy building.
D. It’s less likely t cause knee injuries.
【解析】选D。细节理解题。根据最后一段第一句“因此, 她说, 一些与跑步有关的损伤, 比如跑步者的膝盖(的损伤), 在竞走者中并不常见。”也就是说竞走对膝盖的伤害比跑步要小。故选D。
3. What is Dr. Nrberg’s suggestin fr smene trying race walking?
A. Getting experts’ pinins.
B. Having a medical checkup.
C. Hiring an experienced cach.
D. Ding regular exercises.
【解析】选A。细节理解题。根据最后一段倒数第二句“她说, 事实上, 任何想尝试竞走的人都应该首先咨询教练或有经验的竞走者, 学习适当的技术。”可知, 诺伯格博士建议想参与竞走运动的人先听一听专家的意见。故选A。
4. Which wrd best describes the authr’s attitude t race walking?
A. Skeptical. B. Objective.
C. Tlerant. D. Cnservative.
【解析】选B。观点态度题。作者介绍了竞走与跑步的不同, 并引用了一些研究成果。所以, 作者对竞走的态度是客观的。故选B。
【微技能点拨】 事实细节题 寻读法
分为直接理解题和间接理解题, 前者常用wh, what, which, when, where, why和hw提问, 或判断正误; 后者需与原文信息转换, 表达上与原文有差异。
本文中第3题为细节理解题, 根据策略解题如下:
Step 1 确定题干关键词: Dr. Nrberg’s suggestin
Step 2 回到原文准定位, 找到匹配关键信息: In fact, anyne wishing t try race walking shuld prbably first cnsult a cach r experienced racer t learn prper technique, she says.
Step 3 对比选项找最佳: 尝试解答 A 。
【语用提能】
【微语法填空】
(2020·全国Ⅰ卷阅读理解C改编)
Race walking shares many 1. _________ (fit) benefits with running, research shws, while mst likely 2. _________ (cntribute) t fewer injuries. It des, 3. _________, have its wn prblem.
Race walkers are 4. _________(cnditin) athletes. The 5. _________ (lng) track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilmeter race walk, 6. _________ is abut five miles lnger than the marathn. But the sprt’s rules require that a race walker’s knees 7. _________ (stay) straight thrugh mst f the leg swing and ne ft remain 8. _________ cntact(接触) with the grund at all times. It’s this strange frm that 9. _________(make) race walking such an attractive activity, hwever, says Jaclyn Nrberg, an 10. _________(assist) prfessr f exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
1. 【解析】fitness。考查名词。名词修饰名词, fit的名词是fitness。
2. 【解析】cntributing。考查非谓语动词。前半句有谓语动词shares, 后半句为非谓语动词, 与walking是逻辑上的主动关系, 用现在分词。
3. 【解析】hwever。考查副词。hwever放在句子中间, 前后有逗号隔开, 表示语义的转折。
4. 【解析】cnditined。考查非谓语动词。竞走运动员会受到条件的限制, 修饰词与cnditin之间是被动关系, 用过去分词。
5. 【解析】lngest。考查形容词最高级。根据句意判断是夏季奥运会中距离最长的田径赛事, 用lng的最高级。
6. 【解析】which。考查非限制性定语从句。前面有逗号隔开, 指代前面的先行词the 50-kilmeter race walk, 指物用which。
7. 【解析】stay。考查虚拟语气。require引导的宾语从句中要用虚拟语气, 谓语动词用(shuld) d。
8. 【解析】in。考查介词。固定短语remain in cntact with 与……保持联系。
9. 【解析】makes。考查主谓一致。强调句结构, 主语是strange frm, 后面与主语保持一致, 用第三人称单数形式。
10. 【解析】assistant。考查形容词。助理教授, 形容词修饰名词。
Ⅱ. 话题与写作
(2020·浙江1月高考)
阅读下面短文, 根据所给情节进行续写, 使之构成一个完整的故事。
“I’m ging t miss yu s much, Pppy, ” said the tall, thin teenager. He bent dwn t hug his ld friend gdbye. He std up, hugged his parents, and smiled, trying nt t let his emtins (情绪) get the better f him.
His parents were nt quite able t keep theirs under cntrl. They had driven their sn several hurs ut f twn t the university where he wuld sn be living and studying. It was time t say gdbye fr nw at least. The family hugged and smiled thrugh misty eyes and then laughed.
The by lifted the last bag nt his shulder, and flashed a bright smile. “I guess this is it. ” he said. “I’ll see yu back hme in a mnth, kay? ” His parents ndded, and they watched as he walked ut f sight int the crwds f hundreds f students and parents. The by’s mther turned t the dg, “Okay, Pppy, time t g back hme. ”
The huse seemed quiet as a tmb withut the by living there. All that week, Pppy didn’t seem interested in her dinner, her favrite ty, r even in her daily walk. Her wners were sad t, but they knew their sn wuld be back t visit, Pppy didn’t.
They ffered the dg sme f her favrite peanut butter treats. They even let her sit n the sfa, but the ld girl just wasn’t her usual cheerful self. Her wners started t get wrried, “What shuld we d t cheer Pppy up? ” asked Dad. “We’ve tried everything. ”
“I have an idea, but it might be a little crazy, ” smiled Mm. “Withut anybdy left in the huse but us, this place culd use a bit f fun. Let’s get a little dg fr Pppy. ”
It didn’t take lng befre they walked thrugh the frnt dr carrying a big bx. Pppy welcmed them hme as usual, but when she saw the bx, she stpped. She put her nse n it. Her tail began wagging (摆动) ever s slwly, then faster as she caught the smell.
注意:
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右;
2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语;
3. 续写部分分为两段, 每段的开头语已为你写好;
4. 续写完成后, 请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Paragraph 1:
Dad pened the bx and a sweet little dg appeared.
Paragraph 2:
A few weeks later, the by arrived hme frm the university.
Step 1 写作技巧
1. 通读全文, 获知前文要领
(1)体裁: 记叙文
(2)原文线索: “男孩”将要踏入大学校园生活, 依依不舍地与父母以及他的“朋友”波比(宠物狗)告别。“男孩”走后, 波比陷入抑郁状态, 为了重新唤回富有生命力的波比, “男孩”的父母为他找到了另一个“伙伴”……
2. 析划线词, 分类选关键词
人与动物: Pppy, dg, parents, by
地点: university
事物: bx
动作: hugged, watched
状态: back, cheerful
3. 读段首句, 合理设计情节
Paragraph 1: 根据段首句Dad pened the bx and a sweet little dg appeared. 可知, 一条可爱的小狗出现了。所以后文应该是描写两只狗的相处情况, 在新狗狗的陪伴下Pppy恢复了往日的快乐。
Paragraph 2: 根据段首句A few weeks later, the by arrived hme frm the university. 可知, 男孩从大学回到家里。本段应该写男孩回到家以后看到两条狗的反应, 以及父母告诉男孩买新小狗的原因。
4. 斟词酌句, 动作描写
①Pppy看到小狗高兴得跳了起来。
Pppy jumped with jy at the sight f the little dg.
②没过多久, 两只狗就在家里玩耍, 兴高采烈地追着对方跑。
It didn’t take lng befre the tw played arund the huse, cheerfully running after each ther.
③当男孩看到波比时, 他冲向那只狗, 弯下腰给了她一个大大的拥抱。
When the by caught sight f Pppy, he went rushing tward the dg and bent dwn t give her a big hug.
Step 2 妙笔成篇
Dad pened the bx and a sweet little dg appeared. Pppy jumped with jy at the sight f the little dg. She lwered her head t watch it curiusly. Then she became s excited that she accidentally kncked ver the bx in an attempt t get clser. With the bx tipping ver, ut came the little ne, wh was nt shy and instantly gt familiar with Pppy. It didn’t take lng befre the tw played arund the huse, cheerfully running after each ther.
A few weeks later, the by arrived hme frm the university. He had been missing his parents and the dg since it was the first time that he had been away frm hme fr such a lng time. When the by caught sight f Pppy, he went rushing tward the dg and bent dwn t give her a big hug. Suddenly, the by nticed the little dg. “Oh my gd, wh is this? ” His parents laughed at the lk f surprise n his face. “It’s Pppy’s new cmpanin. ” said Mm.
话题词汇
Race walking; running; marathn
短语句式
Accrding t mst calculatins, race walkers mving at a pace f six miles per hur wuld burn abut 800 calries per hur, which is apprximately twice as many as they wuld burn walking. . .
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