高中英语应用文写作与思维导图学案

思维导图与高中英语应用文写作

 饮冰研习社

前  言

高中英语大纲对学生写作能力要求很高，而现在部分学生的写作水平却很糟糕。众所周知，要提高写作水平，首先要过好词汇、句型基本关。没有掌握一定的词汇、句型，写作寸步难行。传统的教学方法让学生觉得枯燥乏味，不感兴趣。打破传统的教学方法，在写作教学中尝试新的教学理念，将助力于学生写作能力的提升。教学中教师应充分利用思维导图具有发散性、归纳性、层级性和结构性等特点，让学生理清写作中句与句之间的层级关系，逐渐提升写作水平。实践证明基于思维导图的写作教学不仅有助于增强学生的写作自信、提高其写作兴趣和成绩，而且大部分学生认为，思维导图能帮助自己积累相关话题写作词汇、高频句式，理清写作思路。同时，学生们认为自己更愿意背诵思维导图呈现的范文，认为思维导图呈现的范文更有利于自己进行模仿写作。本书包括11种书信的写法，选材于近几年高考写作真题和各地市高考模拟题。每种书信通过常用词块、常用句型、利用思维导赏析范文、利用思维导图实战演练等环节让学生学习每种书信的写法，实战演练的范文采用部分优秀学生的真笔书写，让同学们去仿效。在思维导图的帮助下，学生能更好地把握文章的整体结构和布局，所写内容能紧扣写作要求，避免了写作内容与写作要点不相符、跑题偏题等现象。同时，学生能够有序地组织并运用与话题相关的词块、句式进行写作。总之，基于思维导图开展的写作教学，不仅提高了学生的写作自我效能感，而且还帮助学生丰富了写作语料库，同时使学生的写作框架更具结构性，内容更具逻辑性，写作思路更清晰明了。

希望此书能帮助同学们提高自身的写作水平！

 目录

一  邀请信 ...........................................................................................（1）

二  感谢信 ...........................................................................................（5）

三  道歉信 ...........................................................................................（9）

四  祝贺信 ...........................................................................................（13）

五  建议信 ...........................................................................................（17）

六  约稿信 ...........................................................................................（21）

七  求助信 ...........................................................................................（25）

八  投诉信 ...........................................................................................（29）

九  申请信 ...........................................................................................（33）

十  咨询信 ...........................................................................................（37）

十一 推荐信 .........................................................................................（41）

写作训练一：邀请信 Letter of Invitation

邀请信主要内容是邀请外国朋友参加晚会、展览、音乐节、剪纸等文化活动的信件，一封邀请信通常包括三大内容：

1. 问候，交待写信的背景和目的；
2. 活动的时间和地点、活动的具体内容及意义；
3. 期待对方接受邀请。

一、常用词块

on behalf of Changping Middle School代表常平中学 invite sb. to do sth邀请某人做某事
give performances表演节目       in terms of 在......方面  

be interested in sth.对某事感兴趣        broaden one's horizons拓展某人视野
intend to do sth.计划做某事                      participate in参加
accept one's invitation接受某人邀请       enrich one's life丰富某人的生活.
be scheduled for May5th时间安排在五月五号     hold an art exhibition举办艺展
spare the time腾出时间                         be grateful（to sb. for sth. ）感激的

                           
二、常用句型

1.On behalf of...，I am writing to invite you to...我谨代表......要请您......

2.I am delighted/happy to invite you to...我很高兴邀请您......

3.We’d like to extend you an invitation to...我们希望邀请您......

4.And your work is mainly to...您的工作主要是......

5.We’d like you to...if possible.如果可能的话，我们希望您......

6.You are mainly responsible for...您的主要之责是......

7.We would be grateful if you could accept the invitation.

如果您能接受这份邀请，我们将不胜感激。

8.We would be very glad/very happy/deeply encouraged if you could take our invitation into consideration.如果你能考虑应邀前来，我们将非常开心/高兴/深受鼓舞。

9.We would appreciate it if you could accept the invitation.

如果你你能接受这份邀请我们将不胜感激。

三、利用思维导图赏析邀请信范文

2017年全国2卷：假设你是李华，想邀请外教Henry一起参观中国剪纸（paper-cutting）艺术展，请给他写封邮件，内容包括：1展览时间，地点2展览内容。

注意：1. 词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

范文赏析：

Dear Henry,

How are you doing? I'm Li Hua, who is in charge of the paper-cutting club in our school. With the purpose of enriching the students’ life , a paper-cutting art exhibition will be held in our school.

Knowing that you show interest in Chinese traditional culture, I am writing to invite you to participate in it.

Some details about exhibition are as follows. First and foremost, the paper-cutting art exhibition will be held at 8:00AM next Monday, which will last about 4 days. During the exhibition, there will be various kinds of paper-cutting works made by a great number of famous artists. Not only can people enjoy the beautiful paper-cutting works, but also they can buy displayed works. Most importantly, this exhibition means to help the students learn more about the Chinese traditional culture, broadening their horizons.

I believe it will be a marvelous opportunity for you to admire the beauty of Chinese traditional art. I would appreciate it if you could accept our invitation . I am looking forward to your timely reply.

                                                                     Yours,

                                                                     Li Hua

四、利用思维导图实战演练

你是新华中学学生会主席李华，你校将于下周末举行第二届校文化节。请你代表学校全体师生写一封信，邀请北京大学外籍教授Smith先生做关于中美文化差异的讲座。内容包括：

1. 讲座时间：11月28日早上9点到11点；

2. 讲座地点：3号教学楼201教室；

3. 联系方式： englishtec@163.com。

注意：1. 词数100左右；

2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

实战演练范文(学生罗佳纯的作品）：

 写作训练二: 感谢信 Letter of Thanks

感谢信是指在日常学习和生活中，当收到馈赠、邀请、赴宴、照顾、慰问、祝贺时，给对方道谢的信件。感谢信应写得真诚、具体、及时。通常包括以下内容:

1表达感谢之情；

2说明要感谢的事由；

3再次表达真诚的感谢和祝福或向对方发出邀请希望回报对方。

一、常用词块

safe and sound 安然无恙          express my sincere gratitude for sth为某事表达真诚的谢意

with the help of sb在某人的帮助下  be grateful to sb for sth 因某事感激某人

in return 回报                    have trouble in doing sth 做某事有困难  

professional assistance 专业的帮助  encourage sb to do sth鼓励某人做某事

practical advice实用的建议        make remarkable achievements取得卓越的成就

heartfelt thanks衷心的感谢        make great progress 取得很大的进步

二、常用句型

1.I am writing this letter to convey my heartfelt thanks to…

写信是表达我衷心的感谢…

2.I am now writing these few lines to express my sincere thanks for…

写这几行字就是想表达我真诚的感谢…

3.I am writing to extend my sincere gratitude for… (感谢的原因).

4.If it had not been for assistance in…(对方给你的具体帮助)，I fear that I would have …(没有对方帮助的具体后果).

5.Words can hardly express my gratitude to you for your assistance during…语言无法表达我对你在…期间给予我帮助的感激之情。

6.Thank you very much for the gift you sent me. It is one of the most wonderful gifts I got on my birthday.非常感谢你送给我的礼物，这是我生日收到的最好礼物之一。

三、利用思维导图赏析感谢信范文

2019年浙江卷：假定你是李华，经常帮助你学英语的朋友Alex即将返回自己的国家，请给他一封邮件，内容包括：

1. 表示感谢
2. 回顾Alex对你的帮助
3. 临别祝愿

范文赏析：

Dear Alex,

How are you doing? Knowing that you are leaving for your country, I can’t forget the joyful time we spent together. Now I am writing to express my sincere gratitude to you for your helping my English .

I would like you to know how much you mean to me. It was your support and encouragement that built up my confidence when I had trouble in learning English. It was also your professional assistance and practical advice that enabled me to make such great progress in English. Without your help , I could not have made good grades in my English exams. To my delight, I can speak English fluently at present.You are always so kind and selfless that you have given me a great deal of instructive assistance to me .

   Please accept my heartfelt thanks again.I sincerely hope that I have an opportunity to repay your kindness.I do hope that everything goes well on you.

                                                             Yours,

                                                             Li Hua

四、利用思维导图实战演练

假定你是李华，向阳中学的高三学生，你刚刚从美国的一个交换项目回国，请给你在美国纽约的host family写一封感谢信，感谢他们全家在那期间的热心款待，所提供的帮助，并邀请他们回访。注意：1. 词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

实战演练范文(学生陈炜的作品）：

写作训练三：道歉信 Letter of Apology

道歉信是指因过失或疏忽等做错了事，给别人带来了麻烦或损失，发觉后给对方赔礼道歉并请求对方原谅的信件。通常包括以下内容：

1.表明写信目的，表示歉意；

2.说明过失的原因，提出弥补措施；

3.再次致歉，请求原谅，希望得到理解(语言要诚挚，解释的理由要真实)。

一、常用词块

make an apology to sb. for sth.因某事向某人道歉         undertake the responsibility承担责任                    

forgive me for any inconvenience caused原谅我导致的不便 compensate for赔偿；偿还  

feel indeed sorry for sth.因某事感到十分抱歉         have no choice but to do 除了..别无选择

have no intention to do sth.并非故意做某事           accept my apology接受我的道歉

make such a stupid mistake犯这样愚蠢的错误        be more careful 更加小心

an unacceptable result/consequence难以接受的后果   never let it happen again下不为例 

二、常用句型

1. I’m so sorry that..and I’m writing to apologize for...我为......感到非常抱歉，故此写信为了......道歉。

2. I can’t describe how sorry I am! I’m writing to you because I owe you an apology for that.我无法形容我是多么抱歉！现在写此信给你是因为我欠你一个道歉。

3. Please forgive me for ......and the inconvenience that I may have caused 请因为......和为此造成的不便而原谅我。

4. I hope you will kindly forgive my mistake.我希望你能原谅我的失误。

5. Please allow me to say sorry again. I sincerely hope you can understand my situation and accept my apology. 请允许我再次道歉。我真诚希望你能理解我的处境和接受我的道歉。

6. I am terribly sorry again for my carelessness. Please forgive me for any inconvenience caused.为我的粗心再次表示歉意。为我造成的不便请你能原谅我。

三、利用思维导图赏析道歉信范文

2016年全国3卷：假定你是李华，与留学生朋友Bob约好一起去书店，因故不能赴约，请给他写封邮件，内容包括：1.表示歉意；2.说明原因；3.另约时间

注意:1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯

范文赏析：

Dear Bob,

    How are you doing? We have planned to go to the book store on Friday afternoon but unfortunately , I have just been informed that I have to pick up my cousin that afternoon.Now I am writing to express my heartfelt apology to you.

I am indeed sorry for my decision.It is mainly because my cousin will come back to China on Friday afternoon , who has been to America for further education. He expects me to pick him up at the airport. As you know, we haven’t seen each other for two years . Therefore, I have no choice but to make a sincere apology to you. By the way, is it possible for you to fix another time to go to the bookstore? If it’s convenient for you, let me know what time suits you best.I should be available any time after school.

   Once again , I am sorry for any inconvenience caused. I would appreciate it if you understand my situation and forgive me. I am looking forward to your prompt reply.

                                                              Yours,

                                                              Li Hua

四、利用思维导图实战演练

2017年广东省学业水平考试：假定你是李华，你和外国朋友Robert约定本周去看电影，由于今天下午你和同学打篮球受了伤，医生告知腿断了，建议你卧床休息一段时间，因此不能赴约。请给Robert写一封邮件，内容包括：1.告知不能赴约；2.说明不能赴约的理由；3.希望下次再约。

实战演练范文(学生梁楚红的作品）：

写作训练四：祝贺信 Letter of Congratulation

祝贺信是指在日常生活中，得知同学或朋友竞赛获奖，考上大学、结婚、过新年或重大节日等，给对方祝贺的信件。书写时应做到真诚、自然、亲切动人。祝贺信应包括以下内容：

1.    对所取得的成绩获奖表达祝贺；
2.    回顾被祝贺人过去的努力及优点；
3.    再次祝贺，表达自己的祝愿和期盼。

一、常用词块

offer my sincerest congratulations on对…表达最真挚的祝贺pay off 取得回报

share your glory and happiness分享你的荣耀和欢乐       make greater progress取得更大进步

obtain a bright future 拥有光明未来                  wish you greater success祝你更大成功

win the first prize in the match比赛中赢得一等奖          be proud of sb.为某人感到骄傲

make a deep impression on sb给某人留下深刻印象        come true实现

二、常用句型

1.I would like to express my congratulations on...我想表达对……的祝贺

2.I am writing to express my congratulations on your winning the first place in the English speech contest.我写这封信是为了表达我对你英语演讲比赛获得第一名的祝贺。

3.I feel very happy for your ...我为你的……感到非常高兴

4.I know this is surely owing to...我想知道这肯定是因为……

5.It is a reward that you richly deserve for your...是你非常值得的奖赏……

6.As the saying goes ,“No pains , no gains.”正如谚语所说，一分耕耘，一分收获。

7.May all your wishes come true!祝你心想事成！

8.Wish you all the best!祝你一切顺利！

三、利用思维导图赏析祝贺信范文

假定你是李华，得知你的外国朋友Henry高中生毕业后考入北京大学生物系，你为他感到骄傲，并给他写一封祝贺信。注意:1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

范文赏析：

Dear Henry,

How are you doing? I am extremely delighted to hear that you have been admitted into the Biology Department of Peking University. I am writing to offer my sincerest congratulations on your admission.

As your close friend, I just want you to know how pleased I am to share your glory and happiness. In my view, you are diligent, perseverant as well as intelligent. Not only did you spare no effort to prepare for the entrance examination , but also you had a good command of effective study skills . As the saying goes ,“No pains , no gains.”Eventually, your efforts paid off. I think the admission is a reward that you richly deserve. I have the confidence that you will make greater progress in your study and obtain a bright future in your life.

Congratulations again. I wish you greater success in your school career.I am looking forward to good news from you soon.

Yours sincerely,

Li Hua

四、利用思维导图实战演练

你是李华，你的美国笔友Peter获得了大学生中文演讲比赛一等奖,请就此写一份祝贺信。内容包括：1表示祝贺 2 回顾他努力练习中文，终于成功 3希望他有机会来中国留学，并祝福。注意:1.词数100左右；2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯

实战演练范文(学生傅佳乐的作品）：