专题18 朋友 -备战2022高考英语语法填空话题分类训练

备战2022高考英语语法填空话题分类训练

专题18  朋友

Passage 1

（2021·全国·模拟预测）阅读下面短文,在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Even if all goes well for you in high school, that time of life still can be tough. After all, there's so much for you1．( learn) academically and socially, like getting along with classmates, and dealing with teachers. But of all the2．(challenge), making good friends might be the most important.

According to a new study published in the journal Child Development, best friends likely had a3．( significance) influence on how you behave in your 20s. Researchers found that those with strong. close bonds with their friends at age fifteen were more likely to be healthy and happy later. Importantly, 4． ( popular), defined as lots of people liking you generally but not closely, wasn't found to have the same benefit as close friends.

The University of Virginia researchers 5．ran the study followed 169 subjects aged 15 to 25 every year for a decade. Then the researchers 6．( analyze) the 10 years of data to understand how people handled stress over time. They found that, compared to people with strong high school friendships, those who were merely popular did much 7．( bad) on several measures of mental health, such as self-worth, social acceptance and relaxation.

“ 8．(like) by a large group of people cannot take9．place of building deep, supportive friendships. So trying to build close connections10．a few people should be a priority(优先考虑的事情)，”wrote Joseph Allen, who coauthored the study.

Passage 2

（2021·湖北·汉阳一中二模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

I used to frequently visit an old age home11．(manage) by the little sisters of the poor in our city Hyderabad. A．P., India. There I met a gentleman by the name of Kurien in his late12．(eighty). He served the Indian army and retired. He has one son who is well educated and also married.

Mr. Kurien felt down with the life in his house13．decided to move into this old age home here in Hyderabad. We both began to share a lot of thoughts whenever we met and slowly it was a14．(day) affair that I used to spend some time with him discussing what he was doing in the army, camp fun etc. ,15．he used to share with lots of joy.

I used to carry with me some snacks which we both used to sit under a tree and eat. I saw him really very happy in my16．(present). One day he told me with tears in his eyes “I really found a very good friend in you. I feel like17．(live) some more years to spend happy time with you.

As we departed, I told him, “Do not worry. We will have enough time together in the future. ” I had an official meeting and could not go to the old age home the next day. The day after when I reached the home, his room18．(lock). I enquired and found that he was no more. He died19．very night we both met last.

I really miss him. I have not given him anything worthwhile except20．I used to listen to his words and share his thoughts.

Passage 3

（2020·黄州·一模）Almost everyone in the world has friends. Friends are found anywhere, at any time. Some of our friends can be similar to us, and some of them can have many21．(distinct) in some ways. Regardless of their similarities or differences, 22．makes great difference to have friends.

    Having friends who are similar to us can be23．(benefit), because we can enjoy things together, such as going to clubs24．to the movies. In addition, we can share our opinions with our friends.

    25．, having friends who are different from us would also have some advantages. They are able to introduce us to new and different things; therefore, we’re provided26．(expect) experiences in life. Furthermore, they could provide us27．a different view on a certain matter.

    As for me, I prefer to choose friends similar to28．(I). I feel that friendship between us will be smoother and  29．(enjoy). However, I never refuse a friendship30．(offer) by a friend who is different from me.

Passage 4

（2021·山东泰安·三模）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

June 8 is Best Friends Day, a day to celebrate your best friends and let them know how important they are to you.

Best friends are the most understanding and thoughtful, 31． are most in tune with you! They are just the friends that you can laugh 32． and call up at any time of the day. They are there for you in all of your good and bad 33． (moment), and they support you, validate all your good decisions and stop you 34． (make) wrong ones. In other words, without best friends, life would be very 35． (hope) indeed.

Whether you grew up with them 36． met them later in your life, let your best friends know that they 37． (value) on Best Friends Day. On this friendly holiday, you can thank your best friends for being in your life by doing something special for them. You can send them a special gift basket full of things they like by 38． (you) or treat them to their favorite dessert 39． (sincere). If you and your best friends don't live in the same city, call them or send them a note letting them know how much you miss them. Better yet, why not manage 40．(pay) a surprise visit? They would love to see you, and you can spend the day with your favorite persons in the world!

Passage 5

（2020·浙江·二模）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。

Two pals from Florida received the most41．(expect) reward for tidying up in the aftermath of the state's flooding.

Skyle Thompson's land in Tampa, Florida was flooded by the Pratte River nearby. 42．(thank), the cabin that Thompson built on the land was saved from the waters. He and his friend Guy Steven spent their entire Sunday 43． (clean) up the debris.

Exhausted from their day of labor, they were ready to get back to their car 44． Steven saw what looked like a refrigerator. Steven hiked the 50-foot distance between him and the fridge and was shocked 45． (find) that it was filled with beers. Not only that, there were ice cold.

“It was a gift sent from the heavens,” Thompson said in disbelief. The two men could hardly believe their luck, but they drank a few beers as rewards and posted their 46． (luck) find online. The 47． (photo) were shared thousands of times within hours and eventually appeared on the newsfeed of Bums Harvey, the refrigerator's owner, who recognized it immediately.

In addition 48． surviving a cabin fire, the brave fridge somehow managed to survive the floodwaters as well. Harvey and Thompson 49． (be) in contact with each other ever since, and Thompson has promised to return the fridge so that 50． can live to fight another day in the future.

Passage 6

（2021·陕西·西安中学模拟预测）阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

Plenty of kids let go of balloons, 51． accidentally or in hope of sending a message and seeing where it ends up. This story begins just like any other, but ends in an 52． (astonish) way.

In 2001, a young girl in Staffordshire, England, took a balloon, wrote “Please return to Laura Buxton”, along with her address, on it, 53． let it go. The balloon traveled around 1.6 kilometers and ended up on a farm in Wiltshire, 54． a farmer found it – and realized the name on the balloon was familiar 55． him. One of his neighbors had a daughter named Laura Buxton. He brought the balloon to the Buxton family, and this Laura wrote to the first Laura’s address, which was on the balloon, 56． (explain) how she’d ended up with it. The Lauras’ parents eventually arranged for their daughters 57． (meet).

And strange discoveries 58． (keep) coming. The Lauras discovered that, in addition to their matching names, they were also 59． (near) the same age (one was 10, one was about to turn 10) and both had a black labrador, a rabbit and a guinea pig. Seriously! After the girls met, they ended up striking up a 60． (friend) and remained friends; they told their story together on a podcast in 2009. Pretty cool, right?

参考答案

1．to learn

2．challenges

3．significant

4．popularity

5．who/that

6．analyzed

7．worse

8．Being liked

9．the

10．with

【分析】

本文是一说明文。研究发现，高中阶段交好友十分重要。

1．

考查非谓语动词。句意：毕竟，你在学术和社交方面还有很多东西需要学习，比如和同学相处，和老师打交道。此句是there be句型，此处用所给动词的不定式作后置定语修饰much，动词不定式有将来的含义，其逻辑主语是you，本句中和所修饰的词有动宾关系。故填to learn。

2．

考查名词复数。句意：但是在所有的挑战中，结交好朋友可能是最重要的。challenge是可数名词，根据空前的all the可知，此处用所给名词的复数。故填challenges。

3．

考查形容词。句意：根据一项发表在《儿童发展》杂志上的最新研究，最好的朋友可能对你在20多岁时的行为有重大影响。根据空格后名词influence可知，此处应用所给名词significance的形容词形式修饰名词。故填significant。

4．

考查名词。句意：重要的是，受欢迎——被定义为很多人喜欢你但不是很喜欢你——并没有被发现和亲密的朋友有同样的好处。分析句子可知，空格处为句子主语，此处应用所给形容词popular的名词形式作主语。故填popularity。

5．

考查定语从句连接词。句意：弗吉尼亚大学的研究人员对169名年龄在15到25岁之间的受试者进行了长达十年的跟踪研究。分析句子可知。空格处引导的是一个限制性定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词是researchers，故应用关系代词who或that，指人。 故填who/that。

6．

考查动词的时态。句意：然后，研究人员分析了10年的数据，以了解人们是如何随着时间的推移处理压力的。根据上下文可知，此处叙述的是过去发生的实验过程，句子为一般过去时，应用所给动词analyze的过去式。故填analyzed。

7．

考查副词的比较级。句意：他们发现，与拥有牢固的高中友谊的人相比，那些只是受欢迎的人在几项心理健康指标上表现得更差，比如自我价值感、社会接纳和放松。根据前面的compared to和空前的修饰词much可知，此处应用比较级形式，又因为该空修饰动词did，故此处用所给形容词bad的副词badly的比较级worse。故填worse。

8．

考查非谓语动间。句意：被一大群人喜欢并不能取代建立深厚的、互相支持的友谊。分析句子可知，空格处为句子主语，应用名词类词汇，根据句意可知，所给动词like应是被动含义，表示“被很多人喜欢”，故用动名词的被动形式。故填Being liked。

9．

考查冠词。句意：被一大群人喜欢并不能取代建立深厚的、互相支持的友谊。take the place of意为“代替”，为固定搭配。故填the。

10．

考查介词。句意：因此，尝试与一些人建立亲密关系应该是优先考虑的事情。此处表示“和……的联系”，应用介词with。故填with。

11．managed

12．eighties

13．and

14．daily

15．which

16．presence

17．living

18．was locked

19．the

20．that

【分析】

这是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了我过去经常去一个由我们城市海德拉巴的穷姐妹管理的养老院，在那我遇到一个老先生，他经常给我讲他的故事，我们互相分享想法，后来他去世了。

11．

考查非谓语动词。句意：我过去经常去一个由我们城市海德拉巴的穷姐妹管理的养老院。home应该是被管理，故用过去分词表被动，故填managed。

12．

考查名词的数。句意：在那里我遇到了一位80多岁的先生，名叫库里安。在他八十多岁的时候：at his late eighties，用复数，故填eighties。

13．

考查连词。句意：库里安先生对自己家里的生活很不满意，决定搬进海得拉巴的这所养老院。分析可知，他在他的房子里感到情绪低落，就决定搬到老房子去。表示并列，故填and。

14．

考查形容词。句意：每次见面，我们都开始分享很多想法，慢慢地，每天我都会花一些时间和他讨论他在军队里做什么，露营的乐趣等等，他总是很高兴地分享这些。修饰名词affair应该用形容词daily，故填daily。

15．

考查非限制性定语从句。句意：每次见面，我们都开始分享很多想法，慢慢地，每天我都会花一些时间和他讨论他在军队里做什么，露营的乐趣等等，他总是很高兴地分享这些。前有逗号，为非限制性定语从句，设空处在从句中作share的宾语，故填which。

16．

考查名词。句意：我看到他在我面前真的很高兴。My为形容词性物主代词，其后跟名词，故填presence。

17．

考查固定搭配。句意：我想多活几年，与你共度快乐时光。feel like doing意为想要做……，故填living。

18．

考查谓语动词的被动语态。句意：我到家的第二天，他的房间被锁上了。他的门是被锁了，故用被动语态，再结合全文都是一般过去时，故填was locked。

19．

考查冠词。句意：他就在我们昨天见面的那晚去世了。the very night意为就在那天晚上，the特指那天晚上，故填the。

20．

考查宾语从句。句意：我没有给他任何有价值的东西，除了我过去常听他的话和分享他的想法。分析可知，从句不缺成分，故用that引导宾语从句，作except的宾语，引出后面的句子，故填that。

21．distinctions

22．it

23．beneficial  

24．or

25．However

26．unexpected

27．with

28．myself/me

29．more enjoyable

30．offered

【分析】

本文主要讨论交朋友，是交与我们性格相似的还是性格不同的人，最后作者给出了自己的想法。

21．考查名词。此空前有many，是限定词，后接名词，意为“许多区别”，且many修饰可数名词的复数，故填distinctions。

22．考查形式主语。此处为形式主语，用it,真正的主语为后面的动词不定式，to have friends。

23．考查形容词。此处用形容词作表语，因为前面有be动词，系表结构，故填beneficial。

24．考查连词。此处表示选择关系，用or。

25．考查连词。上一段是说跟我们相似的朋友，本段指和我们有区别的朋友，两段之间是转折关系，故用However。

26．考查形容词。此处用形容词作定语修饰名词experiences，根据意思为“没有料到的”，故填unexpected。

27．考查介词。此处为固定短语：provide sb with sth提供某人某东西。

28．考查代词。此处可根据句意：我愿意选择跟我相似的朋友，to是介词，后面接宾语，只能用宾格代词或反身代词，故填me/myself。

29．考查比较级。此处根据and前后一致的原则，前面是smoother,故后面也要用形容词的比较级，故填more enjoyable。

30．考查非谓语动词。此处应填非谓语动词，因为已经有了谓语动词refuse，friendship是offer的逻辑主语，两者是被动关系，且有提示词by，故填offered。

【名师点睛】

非谓语动词的考查在语法填空里一直是一个难点，解决此类问题实则不难。首先要确定空格要填的是谓语还是非谓语；确定是非谓语之后，第二步就要找非谓语动词的逻辑主语，通常是前面的名词或代词，也有可能是前面的整个句子，这个主要是根据逻辑意思来确定；最后再来判断逻辑主语和非谓语动词之间的关系，是主动还是被动，还要结合动作的发生情况，是正在进行、没有发生还是已经发生过了，考虑了这些之后答案就出来了。比如第十题，首先分析句子，发现句子已经有了谓语动词refuse，故空格只能填非谓语动词；其次找它的逻辑主语，往前看，发现有一个名词，friendship，结合意思可知就是offer的逻辑主语，两者之间是被动关系，友谊是被提供的；另外，还有一个非常重要的提示词by，也可知是被动的，故本题用过去分词offered。

31．who

32．with

33．moments

34．making

35．hopeless

36．or

37．are valued

38．yourself

39．sincerely

40．to pay

【分析】

这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了“好朋友日”、好朋友的真谛以及如何庆祝“好朋友日”。

31．

考查非限制性定语从句。句意：最好的朋友是最理解、最体贴的人，是和你最合拍的人!  分析句子结构，___1___ are most in tune with you!是一个非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词Best friends，关系词在从句中作主语，指人，that不能引导非限制性定语从句，用who引导该从句，所以填who。

32．

考查固定短语。句意：他们是和你一起笑，在一天中的任何时间都可以打电话的朋友。这里表示“和……一起笑”，用固定短语laugh with，故填with。

33．

考查名词的数。句意：无论你是处于好的时刻还是糟糕的时刻，他们都陪着你，他们支持你，认可你所有正确的决定，阻止你做出错误的决定。moment当“时刻”讲时，是可数名词，根据all可知，用名词复数，故填moments。

34．

考查固定用法。句意：无论你是处于好的时刻还是糟糕的时刻，他们都陪着你，他们支持你，认可你所有正确的决定，阻止你做出错误的决定。stop sb.（from）doing sth.是固定用法，故填making。

35．

考查形容词。句意：换句话说，没有最好的朋友，生活确实是没有希望的。该空作be动词后的表语，用形容词；根据“without best friends”可知这里表示“没有希望的”，故填 hopeless。

36．

考查固定用法。 句意：无论你是和他们一起长大，还是后来在你的生活中遇到他们，在好朋友日，让你最好的朋友知道他们是被重视的。 whether…or 是……还是……该用法是固定用法，故填or。

37．

考查时态和语态。句意：无论你是和他们一起长大，还是后来在你的生活中遇到他们，在好朋友日，让你最好的朋友知道他们是被重视的。 分析句子结构，that they ___7___ (value)是一个宾语从句，该空作宾语从句的谓语动词，描述一个客观的事实，用一般现在时；“他们”和“重视”之间是被动关系，用被动语态，主语为they，be动词用are。故填are valued。

38．

考查反身代词。句意：你可以送他们一个特别的礼物篮，里面装满了你亲手做的他们喜欢的东西，或者真诚地给他们吃他们最喜欢的甜点。 这里表示“由某人自己”，用by oneself，故填yourself。

39．

考查副词。句意：你可以送他们一个特别的礼物篮，里面装满了你亲手做的他们喜欢的东西，或者真诚地给他们吃他们最喜欢的甜点。该空修饰动词treat，用副词，故填sincerely。

40．

考查固定用法。句意：更好的是，为什么不设法进行一次惊喜访问呢?  固定用法manage to do意为“设法完成某事”，故填to pay。

41．unexpected

42．Thankfully

43．cleaning

44．when

45．to find

46．lucky

47．photos

48．to

49．have been

50．it

【分析】

本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了斯凯尔·汤普森和他的朋友史蒂文在该州洪水过后收拾东西得到了最意外的奖励。

41．考查形容词。the most +形容词，表最高级，此处指“出乎意料的”。故填unexpected。

42．考查副词。副词修饰整个句子作状语。故填Thankfully。

43．考查动名词。spend…(in) doing sth. 在做某事上花时间，介词in后接动名词形式。故填cleaning。

44．考查连词。此处指“当……时候”，由when引导时间状语从句。故填when。

45．考查动词不定式。be shocked to do sth.震惊地做某事。故填to find。

46．考查形容词。名词find（发现物）前需要形容词来修饰。故填lucky。

47．考查主谓一致。谓语动词were是复数，主谓一致，主语复数。故填photos。

48．考查介词。介词短语in addition to除了。故填to。

49．考查现在完成时。ever since（自从），现在完成时（have done）的标志。故填have been。

50．考查代词。此处用代词指代前文已提及的fridge。故填it。

51．either

52．astonishing

53．and

54．where

55．to

56．explaining

57．to meet

58．kept

59．nearly

60．friendship

【分析】

这是一篇记叙文。讲述了一个名叫Laura的女孩在气球上写下自己的地址放飞气球，希望气球回到自己手里。后来气球到了一个和她同名的女孩手里，他们见了面，成了朋友。

51．

考查固定搭配。句意：很多孩子放飞气球，或者是不小心放走了，或者是希望传递一个信息，看看气球最终会落在哪里。either...or...“或者……或者”，表示两者中的选择，符合句意，故填either。

52．

考查形容词。句意：这个故事的开头和其他故事一样，但结尾却出乎意料。此空形容词修饰名词way，形容词astonishing“令人惊讶的”，符合句意，故填astonishing。

53．

考查连词。句意：2001年，英国斯塔福德郡的一个小女孩拿着一个气球，上面写着“请回到Laura Buxton身边”，还有她的地址，然后放了它。此空连接并列的谓语动词took，wrote和let，且这三个动作是连续发生，所以用and连接，故填and。

54．

考查定语从句。句意：气球飞行了大约1.6公里，最后到达威尔特郡的一个农场，一个农民在那里发现了它，他发现他很熟悉气球上的名字。分析句子结构和句意可知，此空引导非限定性定语从句，关系词指代先行词a farm在从句中作地点状语，故填where。
 

55．

考查固定搭配。句意：参见上题。固定搭配be familiar to“为……所熟悉”，符合句意，故填to。
 

56．

考查非谓语动词。句意：他把气球带到Buxton家，Laura按照气球上的地址写信给第一个Laura，解释气球是怎么到她手里的。分析句子结构可知，and后句子已有谓语wrote，此空应用非谓语，且此动词和逻辑主语Laura之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作状语，故填explaining。

57．

考查非谓语动词。句意：两个Laura的父母最终安排了他们的女儿见面。根据固定搭配arrange for sb. to do sth.“安排某人做某事”，可知此处用动词不定式，故填to meet。
 

58．

考查时态。句意：奇怪的发现不断出现。陈述的是过去的事情，用一般过去时，故填kept。

59．

考查副词。句意：两个Laura发现，除了名字相同外，他们的年龄也差不多（一个10岁，一个即将满10岁），而且都有一只黑色拉布拉多、一只兔子和一只豚鼠。根据句意，程度副词nearly“几乎；将近”，符合题意，表示她俩年龄相仿，故填nearly。

60．

考查名词。句意：两个女孩相识后，结下了友谊，成了朋友；2009年，他们在播客上一起讲述了自己的故事。此空前有不定冠词a，所以此空用名词单数形式，且根据句意，此处表示“一段友谊”，是可数名词，故填friendship。