第08讲 必修一Unit2 词汇和阅读 -【暑假自学课】2022年新高一英语暑假精品课（新外研版2019必修1）

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第08讲 Unit2 Exploring English（词汇与阅读）
【学习目标】
1. 提前预习新外研版必修一Unit2的重点词汇和阅读
2. 掌握中高考阅读理解区别和题型解题技巧
3. 掌握常见三种构词法

【基础知识】
一．重点词汇学习

1.seasick adj.
2.sculpt vt.
3.title n.
4.behavior n.
5.confuse v.
6.alarm n.
7. unique adj.
8.creativity n.
9.wind up
10.come across
11.be likely to do
12.entrance n.
13.contact v.
14.remind v.
15.addition n.
16.resource n.
17.comment n.
18.boot n.
19.说话困难
20.intend v.
21.be aware of
22.section n.
23.organization n.
24.type n.
25.context n.
26.recognize vt.
27.odd adj..
28.be based on
29.recognize v.
30.wicked adj.
31.be opposed to
32.burn down
33.rather than
34.be unfamiliar with
35.be confused about
36.actually=

重点词汇答案：见教材词汇表
二． 重点词汇解析
考点一：Opposite (prep):在...对面 (adv):在对面 (adj):对面的，相反的； (n):对立面，对立的人/物
Opposing(定语adj) opposed（表语adj）
Oppose(v):反对，抵制
Opposition 反对，反抗
oppose doing/sth: =be opposed to sth
As opposed to sth:与某事物相反，而非某事物
Just the opposite.:正好相反

例1．【单句填空】
1 . We think highly of the team we support, while we may add negative comments about an team.
2.(乐山市调研)Finally， the pair overcame their parents’ ________and were allowed to marry.
3.(江苏无锡期中)Not everybody agree to the plan. Some support it,while I am one of those who are to it.
4.The twins have attitudes towards life. Thus, one is living happily and the other is just the .
5.结果令人非常不满意，和我们所期望的恰恰相反。
The result was rather unsatisfactory, what we had expected.
6. 当时，大多数村民反对在村庄附近建一个化工厂。
At that time,most villagers a chemical plant near their village.
7. 我们都希望老师多给我们点时间，但事实正好相反。
We had all expected our teacher would give us more time, but the fact was .
考点二：Behaviour(un) :行为，举止；表现方式
behave(v):表现，表现得体，有礼貌
Well-behaved 表现好的
behave well/badly
behave oneself:守规矩，行为检点

例2．【单句填空】
1. (广东期末)My cousin Jim didn’t behave (he) at the party and thus left a bad impression on the guests.
2. The boy (behave) well at the banquet(宴会) and everyone praised his proper
.(behave)
3. As a teacher, you shouldn’t look down upon those students who behave (bad)in school. What you should do is help and love them.
4. 汤姆因在课堂上的恶劣行为被惩罚了。

考点三：Confusing(adj):令人困惑的，难以理解的，不清楚的
Confuse(v):使迷惑，使糊涂；混淆
Confusion 困惑
confuse A with /and B confuse sb
Be confused about...
In confusion:困惑地，困窘地
辨析
Bewilder(v):使困惑，使茫然，通常表现为心理和智力紊乱
Puzzle(v):使迷惑，强调不理解或解决不了 (n):puzzlement
Confuse(v):一般用语；强调因混淆使人产生混乱
Embarrass(v):使困窘，尴尬
Perplex(v):使杂乱，疑虑，使不安 eg. The new tax laws perplex me.

例3．【单句填空】
1. We can conclude from his look that this problem really him.(confuse)
2. Be careful not to confuse”abroad” “aboard”. The two words are very similar.
3. He looked at me in (confuse) and did not answer the question.
4. When you are confused some words in reading, you can refer the dictionary.
考点四：
一． Alarm(un):惊恐，惊慌 (cn):警报器，警报。闹钟=alarm clock
（v）：使担心，使害怕，使惊恐
Alarming(adj):使人惊恐的，令人惊谎的,令人担忧的
Alarmed 害怕的
Be/feel alarmed at /by sth:
Be alarmed to see/hear......
In alarm:惊慌地
Raise/sound the alarm:发出警报
A fire/smoke alarm:防火/烟雾警报器
An alarm system:报警系统
例4．【单句填空】
1. The rainforests are disappearing at an (alarm)rate, which should arouse(引起) the government’s attention.
2. Hearing a loud noise outside his door, he jumped up alarm.
3. People (因...感到担心) a series of campus fires in recent years. In each of these accidents, many deaths were reported.
4. Be sure to (发起警报) when you see a building in on fire.
5. He turned off the alarm clock and went back to sleep again.(翻译)

考点五：reflect
Reflect sb./sth in sth:在...里映出.....
Be reflected in....：被映照在...,被反映在....
Reflect on/upon....：认真思考......
In reflection:

例5．【单句填空】
1. Our school motto (reflect) the importance we place on good manners hard word and success.
2. The lake is calm and clear, and one of the things that are reflected the water is the famous tower.
3. I think you should stop for a moment and reflect your success and failure.
4. （河南信阳模考）What one culture considers a confusing or awkward pause may be seen by others as a valuable moment of (reflect) and a sign of respect for what the last speaker has said.
考点六：
Add ...to...:把...加到...里(added to...:后置定语)
Add to:增加，增添=increase(宾语常为抽象名词） - - decrease
Add sth up=add up sth:把...添加起来
Add up to:总共是，总计为=come to
Add that... 增加说到，，，
Add(v)-(n)addition:加，增加；附属- -(adj):additional:额外的
in addition=besides
In addition to......
例6．【单句填空】
1. By 2020, Chinese will be added the list of languages in Ireland’s national exams.
2. If you add those four figures , it comes to over $500.
3. Applying to four companies for a post every month, as far as I know, has added the chances of my brother’s being employed.
4. He explained the task we faced and （补充说） that all the money we collected so far only （总共是） half of what we needed and the coming cold weather would definitely（肯定） （增加）our difficulty.
考点七：
Be in contact /touch with...:与...有联系
Be out of contact/touch with...
Keep in contact/touch with...
Lose contact/touch with
Have /make contact with...:与...取得联系
例7．【单句填空】
Contact
1.We our former neighbours after they moved.(失去了联系)
2.I feel strongly that reading does us lots of good. It can (broad) our horizons and make us more intelligent.
3.Some narrow streets have been (broaden) so far, so there are fewer traffic jams.
考点八：remind----reminder
Remind sb of sth:使某人想起某事
Remind sb about sth:提醒某人某事
Remind sb (not) to do sth
Remind sb that....:提醒某人......

例8．【单句填空】
1. He reminded me (turn) off the lights when I go out.
2. It reminds me my days when I joined in the military training after I entered the senior high school.
3. The cold served as a (remind) that winter wasn’t quite finished.
4. 老师经常提醒我在考试中要保持冷静。


考点九：
Make comments/a comment on/about...:对...发表评论
Comment on/upon...:对...进行评论
Comment that...:评论说...
No comment:无可奉告

例9．【单句填空】
1. （山西晋中期末）When I’m tired of wording on the stories , I can go online and find my readers commenting my stories or telling me when I make mistakes.
2. （北京朝阳期末）We think highly of the team we support, while we may add negative comments an opposing team.
3. 他评论说这部电影值得一看。

4. 文学界的所有人都对他的新诗做了评论。(literary circles)


考点11：
Intend to do sth/doing sth
Intend sb to do sth
Be intended for...=be meant for...:专门为...而设计的/专供...使用的

例11．【单句填空】
1. Yesterday I found a book in the bookstore chance which was intended bird lovers.
2. This is the website which I intend (add)to my favourites to help me learn how to write poems.
3. Most drivers today use gestures to show their (intend). They wave a car down, or nod at passers-by and cyclists to let them cross.

考点12：
Come across:偶然发现，偶遇；给人的印象是；被理解
Come about :发生，产生
Come up with:提出
Come on:快点；来吧；开始；进步；得了吧
Come out:出来；被出版；开花
Come to:被想到，合计，得出，作出，达成（协议）
Come up:走近；上来；出现，呈现；被提到，被提出；发芽；
When it comes to...:一谈到........;就...而论

例12．【单句填空】
1. He his old friend on the street yesterday.（偶遇）
2. What in his later poetry is a great sense of sadness.（给人的印象是...）
3. He kept talking for a long time but his idea did not really in the end.(被理解）
4. Most of us know we should cut down on fat. But knowing such things isn’t of much help
shopping and eating.（一谈到）


【真题演练】
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．These workers struggled better working conditions.
2．I got up and walked (calm) out into the early evening.
3．The accident (concern) with the bus driver.
4．He had to continue to learn something to equip himself the stress of losing a job.
5．The lawyer was so kind that he argued the poor man.
6．He is (anxious) waiting for the result of the medical tests.
7．The incident has further increased the (tense) between the two countries.
8．For such a young man，it is really a very (stress) job.
9．The president (shoot) in the head and died on the spot.
10．The programme is targeted at (improve) the health of women of all ages.
Ⅱ.短语填空
see eye to eye with sb.(on sth.)；shoot up；keep the peace；calm down；from one's point of view；think sth.through；back down；on the other hand
1．At last the wild wind ．
2．I wish I could bring you to see the situation ．
3．You must always a problem before acting.
4．Faced with our evidence，the other side had to ．
5．On the one hand，this job doesn't pay very much，but I can't get another one.
6．We each other this.
7．That boy since we last saw him.
8．The peace­keeping troops try to of that place.
has shot up8.keep the peace of


【过关检测】

A
Books can't stop a global pandemic.But，for a short while，they can let us forget the world around us and transport us to different places，allowing us to travel in spirit.Here are some picks for this month：
Rohinton Mistry：A Fine Balance
Mistry's novel focuses on the lives of four central characters whose lives are on a downward spiral，from poverty to outright destitution and，ultimately，death.
Mistry does not whitewash the reality of urban poverty in India.But as readers，we become absorbed in his characters lives we hope with them，we fear for them and，at the end，we cry for them.
Elena Ferrante：My Brilliant Friend
Elena Ferrante's novels take us straight to the Italian city of Napoli Starting with My Brilliant Friend，the four novels chart the intensive relationship between two girl，Elena Greco (Lenù) and Raffaella Cerullo(Lila) who grow up in a poor neighborhood in the 1950s.
Reading Ferrante's description calls forth images of Napoli and makes us feel like we are standing in the Piazza del Plebiscito.We can feel，hear and smell Napoli around us.
Patrick Modiano：The Search Warrant
The Search Warrant pieces together the real­life story of Dora Bruder，a young Jewish girl who went missing in Paris in December 1941.Modiano attempts to retrace Dora's movements across Paris and his book is full of evocative descriptions of quiet squares and streets.
By tracing Dora's possible steps，Modiano evocatively recreates the twilight atmosphere of Paris under occupation.
Kazuo Ishiguro：The Remains of the Day
The Remains of the Day tells the story of Stevens，the aged butler of Darlington Hall，and his ill judged life choices that saw him being involved with British fascism in the interwar years.
This allusion to British fascism in particular is something that makes this novel stand out；it is a subject matter not often discussed or even taught.
1．Which book is set in India?
A．A Fine Balance.
B．My Brilliant Friend.
C．The Search Warrant.
D．The Remains of the Day.
2．What do My Brilliant Friend and The Search Warrant have in common?
A．Both novels tell real life stories.
B．Both novels take place in Italy.
C．Both are related to interpersonal relationship.
D．Both give a vivid description of the surroundings.
3．What is special about The Remains of the Day?
A．Its moving story.
B．Its miserable character.
C．Its rarely mentioned subject.
D．Its skillful techniques of description.

B
For the brave in the armed forces，being sent away from home for months at a time is just part of the duty.However，it's never an easy one to perform especially for those with children.So when I found out I was going to be stationed in South Korea for a year，I was nervous about how my five children，particularly my eldest daughter Abigail，would take the news since it meant I wouldn't be home to see her graduate from high school.
Incredibly，Abigail told me not to worry and even suggested we live stream the event among family members when I leaked the news.“We've been lucky you haven't had to be sent abroad yet.Anyway we can get connected through the Internet.See me on your phone on my spot，” Abigail said.She stepped into many of my roles when I was gone.I wanted to find a way to thank her and show her how proud I was of her.I started planning the special surprise when my request to return home a few weeks early to attend Abigail's graduation ceremony was approved.
When my time in South Korea finally came to an end，I flew home，rented a car，and stayed in a hotel.And on Abigail's graduation day，I hid in an office behind the stage waiting until I heard my daughter's name called.I just kept thinking “Don't cry.Don't trip in your heels.Don't fall over.”At last！Abigail was up on stage.I slipped up behind her，whispered in her ear，and around she turned！“I was just thinking，like，‘You aren't supposed to be here.What？What？How？’It was the biggest shock...I'm pretty sure my dad made people he didn't even know cry.Emotional for everyone，”Abigail cried.
You know what followed：embraces，kisses，tears，laughs，flowers，wishes...；aren't these what a family has in store?
4．What worried the author most?
A．His duty in South Korea.
B．His five children's safety.
C．His eldest daughter's study.
D．His absence from a big event.
5．What is the probable meaning of the underlined phrase “live stream”？
A．Plan.　　　 B．Celebrate.
C．Prepare. D．Broadcast.
6．How did Abigail feel when meeting her father?
A．Embarrassed. B．Overjoyed.
C．Nervous. D．Satisfied.
7．What does the author mainly intend to express by telling the story?
A．A soldier's personal sacrifice.
B．A father's love for his family.
C．The meaning of family bond.
D．The way to plan a big surprise.

C
On February 6，2020，American astronaut Christina Koch arrived back on Earth after 328 days in space.Her time in space is just one of the records set by herself.That's the longest spaceflight ever made by a woman，and just one of the many things Ms.Koch achieved in space.
Ms.Koch took off from Earth for the International Space Station (ISS) on March 12，2019.While in space，she made 5，248 trips around the Earth，travelling 2，237 million kilometres，which is roughly the same as 291 trips to the Moon and back.During her 11 months on the ISS，Ms.Koch took part in six spacewalks，spending over 42 hours in all outside the station.In October of 2019，Ms.Koch led the first ever all­female spacewalk with Jessica Meir.
But for most astronauts，space travel isn't about setting records.It's about doing science.Ms.Koch took part in a wide variety of special experiments，including studying how crystals (晶体) grow in space，how atoms (原子) behave in extreme cold and learning more about growing plants in low gravity.Growing plants in space could be an important way to provide food on future trips.She also tested a new way of separating liquids from gases.This experiment could lead to simple methods of cleaning water and air in space，which could be very important for future space travel.
Ms.Koch isn't just a scientist and an astronaut.She is also being studied.She's part of a NASA program studying how astronauts are affected by being in space for long periods of time.Her trip was only 12 days shorter than the American record set by Scott Kelly in 2016.As they did with Mr.Kelly，NASA scientists are looking carefully at ways Ms.Koch's body has been affected by her time in space.That research is important for the longer space trips NASA hopes to make in the future，such as for a base on the moon or a trip to Mars.
8．Which of the following is an achievement Ms.Koch has made?
A．Making the longest spaceflight by herself.
B．Leading the first women­only spacewalk.
C．Cleaning water and air successfully in space.
D．Staying outside the ISS continuously for 42 hours.
9．What does the author want to tell us with so many detailed figures in Paragraph 2?
A．Koch made historic breakthroughs in space.
B．Koch went through a life­threatening space trip.
C．Koch completed admirable tasks in the space travel.
D．Koch is the most experienced astronaut in NASA.
10．Which statement agrees with the text?
A．Astronauts are competing to set new records.
B．Koch's team produced their own food in space.
C．NASA has founded a scientific base on the moon.
D．Koch's research is significant for space exploration.
11．What can be the best title for the text?
A．Record­Setting Astronaut Koch Returns to Earth
B．US Astronauts Carried out Experiments in Space
C．Spacewalks Have Successfully Been Done on the ISS
D．NASA Is Studying Astronauts for Longer Space Trips


D
It is said that many brain training products is able to keep us mentally fit.Some products even claim that brain training can prevent dementia (痴呆) in old age.Many such products are only money­making rubbish.Also，there is no scientific proof that games or other brain exercises can have this effect.That is what the German Institute for Quality and Efficiency in Health Care (IQWiG) pointed out.
As we get older，our thinking gets slower and it is harder for us to learn new things.Many people try to stay mentally fit by，for example，learning a new language or doing crossword puzzles.Computer games that aim to keep the brain active are also becoming increasingly popular.“Doing exercises like trying to find symbols on a computer screen as fast as possible can actually improve your reaction time，” explains Professor Peter Sawicki，the Institute's Director.“But scientific studies have shown that brain training only leads to an improvement in one aspect that it is aimed at.So if you learn to find symbols quickly，it does not mean that you will be able to improve your memory.”
Research has not shown that brain training can keep up or enhance (加强) people's overall (全面的) mental abilities as commonly thought.“So there is no need to feel bad if you do not enjoy brain training：there are no health reasons for doing it，” says Sawicki.“But if you think brain training exercises are interesting，you can try out different things.For example，completing the order of letters can improve your logic skills.And practicing word association techniques can help you to remember things better.You can do all of these things at home on your own.”
12．What can we learn about the brain training products according to the passage?
A．They are expensive.
B．They are effective.
C．They are harmful to the brain.
D．They are unreliable.
13．According to Peter Sawicki，brain training exercises can ．
A．only improve a certain ability of people
B．help all people improve their memory
C．keep the brain active for a longer time
D．only improve your reaction time
14．The last paragraph shows that brain training exercises should be done ．
A．when you can't learn new things
B．in a relaxing way
C．under strict instructions
D．when your thinking gets much slower
15．On the whole，researchers think that brain training exercises ．
A．aren't as effective as commonly thought
B．are just designed for young people to have fun
C．may benefit people in some indirect ways
D．shouldn't be encouraged

Ⅱ.阅读七选五(共5小题；每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项，选项中有两项为多余选项。
How to Stay Out of Trouble
Sometimes it may seem like you're always getting into trouble with your teachers or your parents. 16 The best thing to do is to stop trouble before it starts.It's always possible to turn over a new leaf.
17 Joining a sports team is a great way to stay out of trouble.Whether you're playing soccer or baseball，team sports are a great way to find something to do rather than get into trouble.
Join a club.If sports aren't your thing，you can always join a club.You can join an art club，chess club，French club，cooking club and so on. 18 Therefore，you won't have time to annoy your teachers or parents.
Go volunteering. 19 If you're too young to do it on your own，go with a parent to a volunteering event.You can help people learn to read，clean up a local park，or work in a soup kitchen.Find something that is meaningful to you and commit to it at least once a week.
Read as much as you can.Reading can help you improve your vocabulary and comprehension skills. 20 Getting truly interested in stories can help you forget the hours passing by.Reading for just 20 minutes before bedtime every night can help you develop an addicting lifelong habit.
A．Join a sports team.
B．Play soccer or baseball.
C．Then you can have a good time with your friends.
D．Volunteering is another great way to stay out of trouble.
E．These clubs can help you focus on something you care about.
F．What's more，if you're reading，then you're not getting into trouble.
G．And no matter what you do，you just can't seem to get things right.
Ⅲ.完形填空 (共15小题；每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Les Brown is one of the world's greatest speakers.He is also a thought leader on self­improvement and 21 .
However，Les found it difficult to learn knowledge when he was a 22 ．During his school days，he was thought as “ 23 to learn well” by the teachers and placed 24 from 6th grade to 5th grade.To make things worse，he had a twin brother who was rather bright and 25 ，so Les was 26 by his classmates.
One day a teacher asked him to 27 a problem on the blackboard，but Les 28 and said that he couldn't.“Of course you can，” the teacher replied 29 ．“Young man，come here and solve this problem for me.”
“But I can't，” 30 Les.“I'm a silly boy.”The rest of the class burst (爆发) into 31 ．At that point，the teacher stepped out from behind his desk and looked Les straight in the eye.“Don't ever say that again，” he told him firmly.“Someone else's opinion of you does not have to become your 32 ．”
Les never 33 those words，and spent the rest of his life facing 34 ，setting and following his goals.Time and time again，thanks to the teacher's powerful words，Les has been famous all over the world.Do remember：you have 35 within you.
21．A.problem­solving B．goal­setting
C．money­making D．job­hunting
22．A.student B．teacher
C．speaker D．leader
23．A.curious B．afraid
C．unable D．eager
24．A.away B．forward
C．back D．off
25．A.awkward B．stupid
C．naughty D．talented
26．A.laughed at B．cared about
C．knocked down D．looked into
27．A.solve B．discuss
C．face D．choose
28．A.answered B．refused
C．replied D．accepted
29．A.surprisingly B．anxiously
C．angrily D．encouragingly
30．A.insisted B．suggested
C．lied D．disagreed
31．A.anger B．laughter
C．cheers D．tears
32．A.risk B．spirit
C．regret D．reality
33．A.kept B．remembered
C．forgot D．minded
34．A.truth B．challenges
C．opportunities D．questions
35．A.happiness B．loneliness
C．darkness D．greatness

Ⅳ.语法填空 (共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分)
阅读下面材料，在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内所给单词的正确形式。
Seeing a place by bike is one of the most exciting ways of 36. (get) to know a new destination (目的地)．Cycling to be green，to get fit or just for new challenge in life，combining sport and travel could be a completely life­changing experience.
The route around the vast Qinghai Lake will take 4 to 7 days of cycling.The total 37. (distant) is over 220 miles.The beautiful lake，38. is said to change color depending on the season or time of day，39. (lie) in the culturally Tibetan area.It has been sacred (神圣的) lake to the Tibetan people for many 40. (century)．
At a steady and comfortable pace，this route can be completed 41.
(easy)．Because of the Qinghai Lake International Cycling Race，which has taken place every July 42. 2002，the roads are well protected and very easy to ride 43. ．The asphalt (柏油) road makes an excellent smooth surface，so you won't be up against rough road.
For the best weather and the clearest views of the 44. (peace) lake，visit during summer.The best months for cycling are July and August，but remember 45. (travel) with thick clothes as the temperatures drop dramatically in the evenings.