热点04 形容词与副词含义比较、词形变换与特殊用法-十年（2013—2022）高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练

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十年（2013—2022）高考英语热门考点梳理与变式练
热点04 形容词与副词含义比较、词形变换与特殊用法

1.（2021·天津）While rock-climbing, you need to remain very ________ so that you won't make any dangerous errors.
A．satisfied B．focused C．amused D．delighted
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在攀岩的时候，你需要保持非常专注，这样你就不会犯任何危险的错误。A. satisfied满意的；B. focused专注的；C. amused被逗乐的；D. delighted高兴的。根据后文“so that you won't make any dangerous errors”可知要想不犯任何危险的错误，攀岩的时候需要保持专注，focused符合语境。故选B。
2.（2021·天津）As working from home becomes ________ common, people are finding it easier to combine parenthood with a full-time career.
A．increasingly B．equally C．nervously D．confusingly
【答案】A
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：随着在家工作变得越来越普遍，人们发现为人父母与全职工作相结合变得越来越容易。A. increasingly越来越多地，渐增地；B. equally相等地；C. nervously紧张地；D. confusingly令人困惑地。根据后文“people are finding it easier to combine parenthood with a full-time career”可知人们发现为人父母与全职工作相结合变得越来越容易，是因为在家工作变得越来越普遍，increasingly符合语境。故选A。
3.（2021·天津）The police searched the area for several days. ________, they found the piece of evidence they were looking for.
A．Generally B．Originally
C．Eventually D．Unfortunately
【答案】C
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：警察在这一地区搜查了好几天。最终，他们找到了他们一直在努力寻找的证据。A. Generally通常，普遍地；B. Originally起初，原来，独创地；C. Eventually最终；D. Unfortunately不幸地。分析句意，警察一直在努力找证据，努力有了结果，最终找到了，故选C。
4.（2021·天津）It’s a good idea to choose a(n) ________ destination in case your first-choice tourist spot is not available.
A．annual B．exact C．alternative D．pleasant
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词。句意：如果你首选的旅游景点没有了，选择一个替代目的地是一个好主意。A. annual年度的；B. exact准确的；C. alternative替代的；D. pleasant令人愉快的。根据后文“destination in case your first-choice tourist spot is not available”可知此处指替代目的地，应用alternative。故选C。
5.(2020﹒江苏)The outbreak of Covid-19 has meant an _____ change in our life and work.
A. absurd B. abrupt C. allergic D. authentic
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:新冠肺炎疫情的爆发，给我们的生活和工作带来了一个突然的变化。A. absurd荒谬的；B. abrupt突然的；C. allergic过敏的；D. authentic真实的。根据常识可知，新冠肺炎疫情给我们的生活和工作带来了一个突然的变化。故选B。
6.(2020﹒天津)According to Professor Johnson, we don’t have to read the book if we don’t want to, as it is ______.
A. worthwhile B. necessary C. optional D. serious
【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意:根据约翰逊教授的说法，如果我们不想读这本书，就不必读，因为它是可选择的。A. worthwhile值得的；B. necessary必要的；C. optional 可选择的，选修的；D. serious严肃的，认真的。根据”we don’t have to read the book if we don’t want to”可知，这本书读不读都可以，由此可知，它是”可选择的”。故选C。
7. (2020﹒全国卷I﹒语法填空)Landing on the moon’s far side is 62 (extreme) challenging.
【答案】extremely
【解析】考查副词。句意：登录月球的背面是极其有挑战性的。空处修饰形容词challenging，应使用extreme的副词形式，故填extremely。
8.(2020﹒全国卷II﹒语法填空) 66 (certain) during the holiday period, this plant is a must.
【答案】Certainly
【解析】考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语做时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能复合句子结构，用副词形式做状语。故填Certainly。
9. (2020﹒全国卷II﹒语法填空)Branches of Plum Blossoms (梅花): The 69 (beauty) long branches covered with pink-colored buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decorations.
【答案】beautiful
【解析】考查形容词。句意：美丽的长枝上覆盖着粉红色的花蕾，做成漂亮的装饰。修饰名词branches，用形容词形式。故填beautiful。
10. (2020﹒全国卷III﹒语法填空)As the small boat moved, 68 (gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water.
【答案】gently
【解析】考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词moved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
11. (2020﹒新高考全国I卷（山东）﹒语法填空)In the 18th and 19th centuries, ___36___ (wealth) people travelled and collected plants, historical objects and works of art.
【答案】wealthy
【解析】考查形容词。句意:在18和19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词people，应使用形容词，做定语。故填wealthy。
12.(2019﹒江苏)Nowadays the ___________ for travelling is shifted from shopping to food and scenery.
A. priority B. potential C. proportion D. pension
【答案】A
【解析】考查名词辨析。句意：当今，旅行的重点从购物转变成了品尝美食和欣赏风景。A. priority优先；优先权；B. potential潜在的，可能的；C. proportion比例，占比；D. pension退休金，抚恤金。故选A。
13.(2019﹒新课标III卷﹒语法填空)On our way to the house，it was raining 61 hard that we couldn't help wondering how long it would take to get (get)there. It was in the middle of Pearl City.
【答案】so
【解析】考查副词。句意：在我们去那座房子的路上，雨下得如此大以至于我们不能不想还要多久才能到达那里。“so…that…”意为“如此……以至于……”，引导结果状语从句。故填so。
14.(2019﹒新课标II卷﹒语法填空)Her years of hard work have ___63___(final)been acknowledged after a customer nominated(提名)her to be Cheshire's Woman Of The Year.
【答案】finally
【解析】考查副词用法。根据空格所处位置可知，此处应用副词形式作状语，修饰谓语动词have been acknowledged，意为“最终得以认可”，故填finally。
15.(2019﹒新课标I卷﹒语法填空)Scientists have responded by noting (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68 (high) than they actually are.
【答案】higher
【解析】考查形容词比较级。根据其后than they actually are可知，此处为形容词的比较级，故填higher。
16.(2019﹒新课标I卷﹒语法填空)It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been ___62___ (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20,000-25,000 polar bears worldwide.
【答案】poorly
【解析】考查副词用法。根据句意和结构分析可知，此处用副词poorly修饰谓语动词has been studied，意为“研究很少”。故填poorly。
17.(2018﹒江苏) Despite the poor service of the hotel, the manager is _______ to invest in sufficient training for his staff.
A. keen B. reluctant C. anxious D. ready
【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析及语境理解。句意：尽管旅馆服务不好，经理还不愿投入为员工提供足够的培训。A. keen敏锐的；B. reluctant不情愿的；C. anxious渴望的；D. ready准备好的。故选B。
18. (2016﹒江苏)His comprehensive surveys have provided the most__________statements of how, and on what basis, data are collected.
A. explicit B. ambiguous C. original D. arbitrary
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析：考查形容词词义辨析。形容词explicit明晰的，清楚的；ambiguous模棱两可的，含糊不清的；original原始的，最初的；arbitrary任意的，专制的；句意：对于如何以及在什么基础上收集数据，他的综合调查提供了最清晰的说明。故A正确。
19.(2015﹒浙江) Most of us, if we know even a little about where our food comes from, understand that every bite put into our mouths was alive.
A. steadily B. instantly C. formerly D. permanently
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析:句意:就算我们很少了解食物来自于哪里，我们大多数人都明白，放在我们的口里的每一点食物在之前都是活着的。A.steadily意为稳定地，B. instantly 意为立即地，C. formerly 意为先前地;D. permanently意为永久地。在做题的时候，只需要理解最后一句话就可以了was galive根据句意及常识不能得出答案,在吃入口中之前的都是活着的。
20.(2015﹒福建)It was________of Michael to inform us of his delay in case we got worried.
A. careless B. considerate C. patient D. generous
【答案】B
【解析】试题分析：考查形容词辨析A.careless不小心的；B.considerate体贴的；C.Patient有耐心的；D.generous慷慨的。该句意思为：麦克真是体贴，他通知我们他会迟点来以防我们着急。故选B
21.(2015﹒江苏)The police officers decided to conduct a thorough and _______ review of the case.
A. comprehensive B. complicated C. conscious D. crucial
【答案】A
【解析】试题分析：句意：警官决定对这起案件进行一次彻底全面的审查。A项“综合的，全面的，有理解力的”；B项“复杂的”；C项“有意识的”；D项“至关重要的”。故选A项。
22.(2015﹒湖北)I don’t think what he said is _____ to the topic we are discussing . He has missed the point.
A. faithful B. parallel C. relevant D. similar
【答案】C
【解析】试题分析：句意：我认为他所说的和我们今天讨论的话题无关。他没有抓住要点。A项“忠实的，忠诚的”；B项“与……平行”；C项“和……相关”；D项“和……相似”。be relevant to“和……相关”。故选C项。
23.(2014﹒安徽)My good performance in the job interview left me about my future and about what I can do here.
A. puzzled B. sensitive C. optimistic D. embarrassed
【答案】C
【解析】形容词puzzled困惑的；sensitive敏感的；optimistic乐观的；embarrassed尴尬的；句义：在工作面试中良好表现让我对自己的未来和在这里能够做的事情很乐观。根据My good performance in the job interview表现良好，说明我对自己未来很有信心，故C正确。
24.(2013﹒福建)Those poor and needy teenagers were excited to find a shop at the corner where they could buy ____ priced bikes。
A. competitively B. recently C. reasonably D.affordably
【答案】D
【解析】competitively有竞争力地；recently最近；reasonably合理地、适度地；affordably付得起，根据句意选D。句意为那些贫困的学生很兴奋地发现在拐弯的地方有一间商店，在那间商店他们可以买得起标明了价格的自行车。
25.(2013﹒湖北)People complain that decisions to approve or deny a permit are often ______ rather than based on fixed criteria.
A. appropriate B. conscious C. arbitrary D. controversial
【答案】C
【解析】appropriate 适当的；恰当的；合适的conscious 有意识的，神志清醒的；自觉的，有意的；arbitrary随意的；主观的，武断的；专制的，独断独行的；controversial有争议的，引起争议的，被争论的；好争论的；句意为有人抱怨，批准或拒绝许可证的决定往往是任意的而不是基于既定的标准。
26.(2013﹒湖北)He didn’t selfishly keep for himself the money inherited from his uncle. Instead, he made a _________ contribution to help the community.
A. commercial    B. generous        C. comparable      D. profitable
【答案】B
【解析】commercial  商业的；贸易的；营利的；generous  慷慨的，大方的；丰盛的；comparable 可比较的；比得上的profitable有利可图的，有益的；句意为他不自私地把自己从他叔叔那里继承的钱据为己有，相反，他慷慨的捐献以帮助社区。
27.(2013﹒辽宁)Everything seemed to be going ______ for the first two days after I moved to New York.
A. vividly B. generally C. frequently D. smoothly
【答案】D
【解析】A. vividly生动地B. generally一般地，概括地 C. frequently频繁地，经常地D. smoothly平稳地，流利地。本句中，go smoothly意为“进展顺利”。故选D。句意为在我搬到纽约之后的头两天，似乎一切进展顺利。
28.(2013﹒天津)I think watching TV every evening is a waste of-- there are ______ meaningful things to do.
A. less B. more C. the least D. the most
【答案】B
【解析】B. more. “较多地”修饰形容词meaningful；此句是一个比较句型，后面相当于省略了than watching TV这一活动；C. the least.“最少”D. the most.“最多”。句意为我认为每天晚上看电视是一种浪费时间的行为，还有很多比这更有意义的事情可做。
29.(2013﹒全国新课标II)It may not be a great suggestion. But before ______ is put forward, we’ll make do with it.
A. a good one B. a better one C. the best one D. a best one
【答案】B
【解析】根据句意，空处应该是指“比这个更好的”，故用比较级。句意为这可能并不是一个非常好的建议。但是，在一个更好的建议提出来之前，我们就将
就它了。
30.(2013﹒浙江)If we leave right away, ______, we’ll arrive on time
A. hopefully B. curiously C. occasionally D. gradually
【答案】A
【解析】根据上下文leave right away和arrive on time，应选择hopefully有希望。curiously 好奇地，occasionally偶尔，gradually渐渐地，均与arrive on time 无法搭配。句意为如果我们立刻出发，我们有希望按时到达。

一、形容词、副词的基本用法
1. 形容词作状语表示伴随或结果，并不表达动作的方式。
After the long journey, the three of them went back home, hungry and tired.
经过长时间旅行后，他们三个回到家，又饿又累。
2. 有些副词还可以作连词，作副词时常放在句末。如：though, (ever)since, in case等。
He is old. He works hard, though.
＝Though he is old, he works hard.
虽然他年事已高，但他工作还是很努力。
3. 有些副词置于句首可修饰全句，作评注性状语。如：obviously, naturally, surprisingly等。
Fortunately, he was not drowned and was saved by the PLA.
幸运的是，他没被淹死，被解放军给救了。
Happily for her, her stepmother was kind to her.
高兴的是，她的继母对她很好。
4. can not/never与enough 或too连用表示：无论怎样都不过分；越……越好。
—I was riding alone in the street and all of a sudden, a car cut in and knocked me down.
——我正在大街上独自一人骑自行车，突然一辆小汽车强行超车把我撞倒了。
—You can never be too careful in the street.
——在大街上你越小心越好。
二、形容词、副词的比较等级
一、平级比较
1. ＂as＋形容词＋(a/an)＋名词＋as＂表示同级比较，注意中间的形容词和名词并列时各自所在的位置。
☞It is generally believed that teaching is as much an art as it is a science.
人们普遍认为，教学是一门科学，同时也是一门艺术。
2. ＂as＋形容词/副词的原级＋as＂与＂not as/so＋形容词/副词的原级＋as＂表示同级比较，即两个或两
部分人或物在性质上或程度上相同(不同)。
☞The work is not as/so difficult as you imagine.
这项工作不是像你想像得那么难。
【特别提醒】
as+形容词+as+数量词=数量词+形容词。如：
☞The building is as tall as 100 meters. = The building is 100 meters tall. 这栋楼有100米。
二、比较级
1. 比较级的修饰语有: rather, much，still, any(否定句、疑问句中), even, far, a lot，a bit, a little, a great deal等。
☞He is much taller than Yao Ming.
他比姚明高多了。
☞The book is better by far than that one. 这本书比那本书要好得多。
2. 比较级的常见结构：
（1）＂比较级+than＂结构可以表达一方超过或低于另一方的情况。
☞You look much younger than I do. 你看上去比我年轻多了。
☞She doesn’t work harder than you. 她工作不如你努力。
（2）由more, fewer, less+名词构成的比较级
①more ＂比……多＂，后接复数名词或不可数名词
☞I have more news books than my cousin.
☞He has more milk than I.
②less ＂比……少＂，后接不可数名词
☞He has less water than me.
③fewer＂比……少＂，后接复数名词
☞They have fewer flowers than we .
3. 比较级的特殊结构
（1）The more…, the more…表示＂越……，就越……＂(more代表比较级)
☞The more careful you are, the fewer mistakes you will make.
你越细心，你犯的错误就越少。
☞The happier you are, the more friends you will make.
你越快乐，你将会交越多的朋友。
2.＂比较级+比较级＂和＂more and more+多音节词原级＂表示＂越来越……＂
☞Our school is cleaner and cleaner.
我们的校园越来越干净。
☞Our city becomes more and more beautiful.
我们的城市变得越来越漂亮。
3.＂the＋比较级＋of the two ＋名词＂表示＂两者中较……的那个＂。
☞The taller of the two boys is my brother.
两个男孩中较高的那位是我哥哥。
4. ＂no +比较级+than＂结构表示＂和……一样不……＂
＂not +比较级+than＂结构意为＂不及＂，表示前者不如后者
☞You are no taller than I. 你和我一样矮。
☞My handwriting is not better than yours. 我的书法没有你的好。
三、最高级
1. 最高级的修饰语常见的有：序数词，by far，nearly，almost，by no means，not really，not quite，nothing like。
☞The bridge being built now is by far the longest across the Yellow River.
目前正在建的那座桥是横跨黄河之上的桥当中最长的桥。
☞I’d like to buy the second most expensive camera.
我想买仅次于最贵的照相机。
2. 最高级意义的表达法
①the +最高级+比较范围
☞This apple is the biggest of the five.
②never…a(n)+比较级+可数名词单数
☞I have never read a better book than this.

③比较级＋than＋any other＋单数名词
比较级＋than＋all the other＋复数名词
比较级＋than＋anyone else
比较级＋than＋any of the other＋复数名词
比较级＋than＋the rest of＋复数名词或不可数名词
eg: 朱莉娅是她班上最高的女生。(一句多译)
①Julia is taller than any other girl in her class.
②Julia is taller than all the other girls in her class.
③Julia is taller than any of the other girls in her class.
④Julia is taller than the rest of girls in her class.
⑤Julia is the tallest girl in her class.
④否定词＋比较级＝最高级。
☞There is no greater love than that of a man who lays down his life for his friends.
为朋友而放弃生命的人的爱是最伟大的爱。
☞—Are you satisfied with what he said at the meeting?
你对他在会议上说的满意吗？
—No. It couldn’t have been worse.
不，不能再差了。
三、倍数表达法
表示倍数的句型：
(1)A is＋倍数＋比较级＋than＋B
(2)A is＋倍数＋as＋原级＋as＋B
(3)A is＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height 等)＋of＋B
(4)A is＋倍数＋that＋of＋B
(5)A is＋倍数＋what 引导的名词性从句
①This building is three times higher than that one.
This building is three times as high as that one.
This building is three times the height of that one.
这个建筑物是那个建筑物的3倍高。
②The output of this year is 3 times that of 2008.
＝The output of this year is 3 times what it was in 2008.
今年的产量是2008年的三倍。
③After the new technique was introduced，the factory produced twice as many cars in 2008 as the year before.
自从新技术被引进以后，这家工厂2008年生产的小汽车是上一年的两倍。
四、多个形容词修饰名词的顺序
多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：
限定词→数词→描绘词→(大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色) →出处→材料性质→类别→名词
a small round table
a tall gray building
a dirty old brown shirt
a famous German medical school
an expensive Japanese sports car
五、形容词、副词辨析
形容词副词的区别及用法
1. late和later
He is late. He is half an hour late. 他迟到了，迟到了半小时。
Three minutes later, he arrived. 三分钟后，他来了。
2. pleased, pleasing与pleasant
（1）pleased的含义是＂感到满意，高兴＂，后常跟介词at, with。例如：
I’m pleased to see you here. 在这儿见到你很高兴。
She’s pleased with our programme. 她对我们的节目很满意。
（2）pleasing表示＂令人欣喜的＂，相当于＂giving pleasure＂。例如：
My sister’s progress in dancing is pleasing. 我姐姐在舞蹈方面的进步令人高兴。
The baby has a pleasing voice. 这个婴儿的声音很悦耳。
（3）pleasant表示＂快乐的，愉快的＂。例如：
The girl has a pleasant childhood. 这个女孩有一个快乐的童年。
To have a pleasant holiday is my favorite. 过一个愉快的假期是我最喜欢的。
3. living, alive与live
（1）living作定语时，既可置于所修饰的名词之前，也可置于所修饰的名词之后，译为"活着的,当代的"。在句中充当定语及表语。例如：
Not all living things live on sunlight. 并非所有的生物都依赖阳光生存。
My grandparents are still living. 我的祖父母仍然健在。
（2）alive译为＂活着的＂，可以在句中作表语及定语。作定语时，位于它所修饰的名词之后。例如：
He may be the busiest person alive. 他可能是世上最忙的人了。
Is that sheep dead or alive? 那头羊是死了还是活着？
（3）alive还有＂活泼的，活动的，有生机的＂之意。例如：
You seem very much alive today. 你今天看起来很活跃。
（4）live表示＂活着的＂，做＂现场直播＂讲时可以用作形容词、副词，在句子中可以作定语，表语。
The programme is live./The programme is broadcast live. 这个节目是现场直播的。
4. worth，worthy与worthwhile
（1）worth意为＂值得的＂，后接v-ing形式，构成＂be worth doing＂结构，也可接表示价格的名词及钱数；
（2）worthy意为＂值得的＂，后接＂of+名词（或being+过去分词）＂，构成＂be worthy of+名词（或being done）＂结构或＂be worthy to be done＂结构。
（3）be worthwhile to do sth./doing sth.例如：
This coat is worth one hundred yuan. 这件上衣价值一百元。
This problem is worthy of being discussed. 这个问题值得讨论。
5. too、also、either
too和also用于肯定句、疑问句，too多用于口语，also多用于书面语，either用于否定句。Too常用在句末，also常用在句中。
Are they coming too? 他们也来吗?
She is young and beautiful, and also rich. 她年轻漂亮，而且有钱。
He hasn’t finished it, either. 他也还没有做完。
6. likely与possible, probable
likely 的主语可以是it也可以是名词或其它代词，而possible和probable只能用it作主语。
六、重难点句型详解
句型1：A is 倍数＋the size/length/weight/height…of B. 如：
The newly broadened square is four times the size of the previous one.
新扩建的广场是前一个的四倍大。
句型2：A is to B what C is to D. 意为＂A对于B就如C对于D。＂如：
Engines are to machines what hearts are to animals. 发动机对于机器就如心脏对于动物。
句型3：can’t be too＋adj. ＝ can’t be＋adj.＋enough无论……都不为过，越……越…… 如：
You can never be careful enough.＝ You can never be too careful.你无论怎么小心都不为过。
句型4：too…to句型的两个意义
(1) 表示否定意义，意为＂太……而不能＂。如：
This question is too hard for me to understand. 这个问题对我来说太难理解了。
(2) 表示肯定意义，意为＂非常，很，极＂。当too后面接easy，ready, eager, inclined, willing, thankful, delighted等形容词时，too表示＂很，非常＂之意，与very表达＂很＂的意思相同。当too前有all, but, only等词时，形成only /but/all too…to do结构，仍旧表达＂非常，很，极＂之意。如：
I’m too glad to hear that. 我对此感到非常高兴。

一、单项选择
1．The children’s television programmes are aimed at a ______ age of group.
A．smart B．senior C．specific D．slight
2．The poem is _________ of the Romantic period, which makes it known to all.
A．satisfying B．regular C．formal D．typical
3．Stop being so ________, don’t get angry with such unimportant matters.
A．sensitive B．cruel C．fierce D．simple
4．—How do you like the song Chengdu sung by Xiamen Zhongxuesheng Zhushou?
— Oh, I have never enjoyed a ______one before.
A．worst B．best C．worse D．better
5．Lying on the _______leaves and looking at the clear sky, we felt very _______.
A．falling; relaxing B．fallen; relaxing C．falling; relaxed D．fallen; relaxed
6．The local governments decided to shut down some schools _______ to use them as store houses.
A．severely B．incredibly C．temporarily D．originally
7．When asked about their work schedules, many people preferred more _______ working hours, which can help them balance work and life.
A．capable B．flexible C．available D．sustainable
8．Choosing a________ time to go to bed and then sticking with it is an instant way to have more deep sleep.
A．flexible B．specific C．precious D．rough
9．But a change, no matter how ________ it was needed, didn’t just happen in response to his cry.
A．ultimately B．domestically C．instinctively D．desperately
10．Feng Xiaogang’s latest film, now a box office hit, ___________ scheduled for release on Sept 29 was held back for two months.
A．casually B．originally C．permanently D．eventually
11．Though the pretty girl got what she had listed on the paper, she looked at the shop window with ________ eyes.
A．crucial B．fierce C．uncomplicated D．greedy
12．This letter is really ________ to me because it’s the last one that Pete ever wrote.
A．precise B．previous C．precious D．present
13．Humans are and will continue to become increasingly ______ about the problems ______ health and well-being through food.
A．concerning; concerned B．concerned; concerned
C．concerning; concerning D．concerned; concerning
14．She read comics ______ in class and filled the margins of her textbooks with her own sketches.
A．specially B．admittedly C．secretly D．properly
15．This brand-new instrument, ______ of producing loud and soft sounds, greatly expands the possibilities for conveying emotion.
A．capable B．able C．conscious D．ignorant
16．Despite previous failed attempts, the scientists believed they would make a major breakthrough in the ________ experiments.
A．critical B．subsequent C．delayed D．extended
17．—Do you know if Robin is married or not?
—Oh, as far as I know, he is still ______.
A．available B．married C．free D．alone
18．Smart homes can warn you early on if there is something ______ of your health, and ______ save your life.
A．abnormal; potentially B．usual; possibly
C．normal; impossibly D．unusual; definitely
19．After the experiment, we can see clearly that the results of the survey falls into two ______ groups, so we can easily see the difference now.
A．indistinct B．distinct C．distinctive D．distant
20．There is little chance that we will succeed in changing the law.______, it is important that we try.
A．Moreover B．Furthermore C．In addition D．Nevertheless
21．Life being very short, we ought to waste none of them in reading ______ books.
A．valueless B．valuable C．invaluable D．worthwhile
22．The speech given by Dr. Zhong Nanshan was ______ and touched my heart.
A．inspiring B．inspired C．being inspired D．to inspire
23．The percentage of students majoring in arts has increased _________ from 8% to 37% in the past two years.
A．gradually B．slightly C．dramatically D．particularly
24．—Peter, may I use your bicycle now?
—Sorry, it is not ______ at the moment. It is being repaired.
A．ideal B．adjustable C．available D．ultimate
25．The boss is quite ______ with his secretary’s ______ ability.
A．satisfied; satisfied B．satisfying; satisfying
C．satisfied; satisfying D．satisfying; satisfied
26．We had no idea that he was such a ________ person who loved money more than anything else.
A．admirable B．eager C．enthusiastic D．greedy
27．The program provides ______ support to people who lost their jobs in the pandemic.
A．energetic B．desperate C．intelligent D．financial
28．Though my recent quiz scores are ______, my teacher as well as my parents always ______ me.
A．discouraging; encourages B．discouraged; encourages
C．discouraging; encourage D．discouraged; encourage
29．______in thought, he almost ran into the car in front of him.
A．To lose B．Losing C．Lost D．Having been lost
30．The policeman came up to the only house with the door ________, ________ there for a while and then entered it.
A．open; standing B．opening; stood C．open; stood D．opened; standing
二、完形填空
There are many kinds of friends. Some are always ___31___ you, but don’t understand you. Some say only a few words to you, but understand you. Many people will step in your life, but only ___32___ friends leave footprints (脚印).
I shall always recall (回忆) the autumn and the girl with the ___33___. She will always bring back the friendship between us. I know she will always be my best friend.
It was the golden season. I could see the yellow leaves ___34___ on the cool wind. In such a season, I liked walking alone in the leaves, ___35___ to the sound of them.
Autumn is a ___36___ season but life is uninteresting. The free days always get me ___37___. But one day, the sound of a violin flowed into my ears like a stream (小溪) flowing in the mountains. I was so surprised that I jumped to see what it was. A young girl, standing in the wind, was lost in playing her violin.
I had ___38___ seen her before. The music was so nice that I listened quietly. Lost in the music, I didn’t know that I had been ___39___ there for so long but my existence (存在) did not seem to disturb her.
Leaves were still falling. Every day she played the violin in the corner of the building ____40____ I went downstairs to watch her performance. I was the only listener. The autumn seemed no longer lonely and life became ____41____. ____42____ we didn’t know each other, I thought we were already good friends. I believe she also loved me. Autumn was nearly over. One day, when I was listening carefully, the sound suddenly stopped. To my astonishment (惊讶), the girl came over to me.
“You must like violin.” she said.
“Yes. And you play very well. Why did you stop?” I asked.
Suddenly, a ____43____ expression appeared on her face and I could feel something unusual. “I came here to see my grandmother, but now I must leave. I once played very badly.
It was your listening every day that encouraged me.” she said.
“In fact, it was your playing ____44____ gave me a meaningful autumn,” I answered, “Let’s be friends.”
The girl smiled, and so did I.
I never heard her play again in my life. I no longer went downstairs to listen like before. Only thick leaves were left behind. But I will always remember the fine figure (身影) of the girl. She is like a ____45____—so short, so bright, like a shooting star giving off so much light that it makes the autumn beautiful.
31．A．for B．with C．against D．to
32．A．good B．new C．true D．old
33．A．sound B．song C．violin D．play
34．A．shaking B．hanging C．falling D．floating
35．A．watching B．seeing C．listening D．hearing
36．A．lively B．harvest C．lovely D．lonely
37．A．down B．off C．up D．over
38．A．once B．never C．often D．usually
39．A．standing B．stopping C．waiting D．hearing
40．A．because B．when C．so D．but
41．A．interesting B．moving C．exciting D．encouraging
42．A．But B．However C．Even D．Though
43．A．happy B．surprised C．strange D．sad
44．A．who B．which C．it D．that
45．A．song B．fire C．dream D．sister
三、语法填空
1
Swimming way to success
What does it take to graduate from a university? Many ___46___ say all you have to do is take classes and pass the exams. Well, it requires more than it if you’re a student at Tsinghua University.
Starting this September, freshmen at the university will have to take swimming courses. If they fail a swimming test at the beginning of their university course, they won’t receive their degree ___47___ they can pass the test successfully, according to an announcement by Tsinghua University president Qiu Yong.
Exceptions ___48___(allow) for students with certain physical or mental conditions, if proved by medical staff.
Liu Bo, head of the Division of Sports Science and Physical Education, explained ___49___ the university is linking swimming ability with degrees.
“As a requisite(必要的) survival skill, swimming is beneficial for students in the long run, since swimming is helpful in improving students’ endurance and is ___50___(harmful) to joints(关节) and muscles as a water sport,” he told China Daily.
Viewing the ability ____51____(swim) as a must for students is not something new to this university - it was also a requirement in the early 20th century.
It was later dropped ___52___a rising number of students and a lack of facilities. Besides Tsinghua University, Peking University and Xiamen University have also listed swimming as a compulsory course for students.
However, the announcement has caused a heated debate.
Some welcomed the new rule, saying it’s a necessary skill that can save lives. “Swimming is a fundamental(基本的) skill. It’s a way to stay healthy and is lifesaving in emergency situations. I believe making ____53____ mandatory(强制的) is necessary,” Yuan Jiaxiang, a junior in Tsinghua’s Department of Civil Engineering, told China Daily.
However, some said it has nothing to do with getting a degree. “It’s not reasonable to require people to be able to swim for them to graduate,” Zheng Xiaoyu, a high school student from the Middle School Affiliated to Northern Jiaotong University, told China Daily. “For a lot of people who grew up in inland cities, learning how to swim as an adult will be difficult.”
In fact, Chinese universities are not the only education organizations ___54___ encourage their students to swim. A few colleges in the United States - including Cornell, Columbia and MIT - offer swim classes to students. “Anything ___55___(prevent) people from dying needlessly is a valuable skill,” Fred DeBruyn, director of aquatics(水上运动) at Cornell, told The New York Times.
2
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入一个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
As English learners, we have the alphabet clearly in our mind, in order, from a very young age. You can say the ABCs___56___rapid speed and some people can even say them backwards without __57__(think)about it. We certainly can't imagine the alphabet being in any other order. but how did the order we know today come to be?
There’s___58___(real) not an easy answer. No one woke up and decided to put the __59__(letter )in that order, the alphabet __60__(evolve)slowly over a long period of time to become __61__it is today. Our alphabet can date back to ancient Egypt. This first alphabet __62__(improve)by the Phoenicians around1000 BC,___63___(early)than the Greeks by 200 years, and we have them to thank for vowels (元音 ) From Greece, our alphabet traveled to Rome, and the Romans turned __64__ into the“modern”alphabet, with letters we recognize today.
So why that order? While we don’t know for sure. some scholars assumed that the order came from memory cells in our brains meant __65__(help)people remember it-some kind of sentence where each letter became a full word, like the technique you used in school to remember the order of the planets.
3
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式（不超过3个单词）。
Albert Einstein was one of the greatest ____66____ (scientist) in the world. He developed many theories or ideas. These theories contributed greatly ____67____ people’s understanding of the universe.
Albert Einstein was born in Ulm. Germany, on March 14, 1879. He did not do well in school, but he was _____68_____(interest)in mathematics and science. While at college, he studied physics and math. After graduation, he worked in a government office. At ____69____ same time, he continued studying physics on ____70____(he) own.
In 1905 Einstein caused a stir by ____71____(publish) five major research papers. One of these papers contained ____72____(complete) new ideas about the “properties” of light. Einstein received the Nobel Prize for Physics in 1921, mainly for the work in this paper.
In another paper. Einstein put forward the special theory of relativity, ____73____ changed how scientists thought about energy and matter.
During World War Ⅱ Einstein advised that the United States ___74___(build) nuclear weapons (核武器). He felt that these weapons might _____75_____ (need) to defeat the Nazis. However, after World War II Einstein tried to prevent any future use of atomic weapons.
Einstein died in Princeton, New Jessie, on April 18, 1955.
4
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
I've been quite busy ____76____ (arrange) my holiday with Colin and we plan to spend a few weeks travelling before he ____77____ (go)to university.
We leave London on 15 July and we will be taking ____78____ flight to Morocco. We will ride camels through the Sahara Desert, which is the ____79____ (big) desert in the world—about the size of the US! After the trip by camel, we're going to travel down the River Nile. We'll go white water-rafting. It's quite dangerous, but very ____80____ (excite). Then we will go to see wild animals in Kenya. I need to buy a large backpack ____81____ advance to carry my supplies of food and water. During the day, we'll walk across the land, following the ____82____ (track) of wildlife. We'll try ____83____ (get) as close as possible to the animals, even though they are dangerous. Later, we will be moving to Tanzania, ____84____ we are going to climb Mount Kilimanjaro. The African part of our trip will take about four weeks and we'll ______85______ (sure) have a happy time.
5
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
There is a day considered special by people ____86____ observe solar(太阳的) movement of the sun in many countries of the world. On its eve, in England, people go to Stonehenge ____87____(welcome) the rise of the sun. In Latvia, people travel from the cities to the countryside to gather, eat and sing. Chinese people attach equal importance to this day, ____88____(know) as the Summer Solstice(夏至), or xiazhi in Chinese.
It is the ____89____(long) day of a year in terms of daylight. After the Summer Solstice, the subsolar point begins its moving south, and daytime ____90____(gradual) shortens. Though people believe it is at the height of summer, xiazhi is not the hottest time of a year. After xiazhi, the temperature will continue to increase.
While in modern China, xiazhi is simply known as one of the solar ____91____(term), in ancient times it was a major festival. In the Song Dynasty, the festival ____92____(offer) officials a holiday of three days. A grand sacrificial ceremony was also held on the Summer Solstice during the Ming and Qing dynasties.
According to Guo Wenbin, a scholar of traditional culture, many customs from the ancient Summer Solstice festival ____93____(be)now celebrated as part of events. “We often believe boat race was created ____94____ memory of Qu Yuan. But it is said that before the death of Qu, Chinese people had already had boat race as an event of Summer Solstice festival,” says Guo. Since the Summer Solstice is often a time when people harvest wheat,_____95_____ is a tradition to eat noodles in many places.

参考答案
一、
1．C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：儿童电视节目针对特定的年龄群体。A. smart聪明的；B. senior年长的，地位较高的； C. specific特定的；D. slight轻微的。结合句意可知应该用 at a specific age of group表示“特定的年龄群体”。故选C。
2．D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这首诗是浪漫主义时期所特有的，这使它众所周知。A.satisfying 令人满意的；B.regular定期的，有规律的； C. formal 正式的；D. typical典型的，特有的。结合后文“which makes it known to all”可知这表示这首诗是浪漫主义时期所特有的，用typical符合题意。故选D。
3．A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：别那么敏感了，别为这些无关紧要的事生气。A. sensitive敏感的；B. cruel残酷的；C. fierce凶猛的；D. simple简单的。根据后文“don’t get angry with such unimportant matters”可知指别这么敏感，故选A。
4．D
【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：——你觉得厦门中学生主唱的《成都》怎么样？——哦，我以前从未听过比这更好的。A. worst最差的；B. best最好的；C. worse更差的；D. better更多的。否定词+比较级=最高级，表示“最……不过”、“不比……更”的意思，用形容词比较级better作定语。故选D项。
5．D
【解析】考查形容词。句意：躺在落叶上，看着晴朗的天空，我们感到很放松。第一空表示“落叶”应用fallen leaves；第二空作表语，修饰人应用-ed结尾形容词relaxed。故选D。
6．C
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：当地政府决定暂时关闭一些学校，将其用作仓库。A.severely严重地； B.incredibly难以置信地； C.temporarily暂时地； D.originally最初地。根据句意可知，“暂时地”符合语境。故选C。
7．B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当被问及他们的工作安排时，许多人喜欢更灵活的工作时间，这可以帮助他们平衡工作和生活。A. capable有能力的；B. flexible灵活的；C. available可利用的；D. sustainable可持续的。根据“which can help them balance work and life.”可知，许多人喜欢更灵活的工作时间。故选B。
8．B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：选择一个特定的时间上床睡觉，然后坚持这个时间是一个快速获得深度睡眠的方法。A. flexible灵活的；B. specific特定的；C. precious宝贵的；D. rough艰难的。根据“and then sticking with it is an instant way to have more deep sleep.”可知，现在特定的时间上床睡觉。故选B。
9．D
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：但是，无论多么迫切地需要改变，他的哭声并没有让改变发生。 A. ultimately最终，最后；根本上；B. domestically国内地；家庭式地； C. instinctively凭直觉地；直觉地；本能的； D. desperately不顾一切地；非常，极其。分析句子和选项中的四个副词可知，空格处的副词应该是修饰空格后的动词needed，根据句意只能是D项“desperately（非常，极其）”的意思合适。故选D项。
10．B
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：冯小刚的最新电影，现在票房大卖，原定于9月29日上映，推迟了两个月。A. casually偶然地；B. originally原来；C. permanently永久地；D. eventually最终。由句中的推迟了两个月可知，冯小刚的新电影原来是要在9月29日上映的。故选B项。
11．D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然那个漂亮的女孩得到了她在单子上所列的东西，但她还是贪婪地看着商店的橱窗。A. crucial关键的；B. fierce强烈的；C. uncomplicated不复杂的；D. greedy贪婪的。根据“Though the pretty girl got what she had listed on the paper,”可知，女孩用贪婪的眼睛看着橱窗。故选D。
12．C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这封信对我来说很珍贵，因为这是皮特写的最后一封信。A. precise精确的；B. previous先前的；C. precious珍贵的；D. present现在的。由“it’s the last one that Pete ever wrote”可知，这是皮特写的最后一封信，因此很珍贵，故选C。
13．D
【解析】考查形容词和介词。句意：人类现在和将来都将越来越关注通过食物带来的健康和福祉问题。分析句子结构，第一个空应该使用形容词作表语，concern为动词，意为“关心，与……有关系”，其形容词有两种，以ed结尾的描述人的感受，以ing结尾的形容词修饰事物和情形。sb. be concerned about sth意为“某人关心某事”，第一空中的主语是humans，故第一空使用concerned。分析句子结构，第二空应该使用介词构成介词短语作状语。concerning可以作为介词，意为“关于”，符合句意。故选D。
14．C
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：她在课堂上偷偷看漫画，用自己的素描图填满教科书的空白处。A. specially特别地；B. admittedly确实地；C. secretly偷偷地；D. properly恰当地。由语意可知，她是上课时间看的漫画，所以她是在偷偷地看。故选C项。
15．A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这种全新的乐器能够产生响亮而柔和的声音，极大地扩展了传达情感的可能性。A. capable有能力的；B. able能够；C. conscious意识到的；D. ignorant无知的。根据句意及空后的of可知，设空处应填形容词capable，capable of“能够……”，故选A。
16．B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：尽管之前的尝试都失败了，但科学家们相信他们将在随后的实验中取得重大突破。 A. critical关键的；批评的；B. subsequent随后的；接着的；C. delayed延误的；D. extended延长了的。根据前文的previous可推断，此处说的是随后的实验，故选B。
17．A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：——你知道罗宾是否结婚了吗？——据我所知，他还是单身。A. available单身的，未婚的；B. married已婚的；C. free自由的，免费的；D. alone独自的。根据上文“he is still”可知表示仍然单身，应用available。故选A。
18．A
【解析】考查形容词和副词词义辨析。句意：如果你的健康出现异常，智能家居可以提前警告你，并有可能挽救你的生命。A. abnormal; potentially异常的；潜在地，可能；B. usual; possibly寻常的；可能地；C. normal; impossibly正常的；不可能地；D. unusual; definitely不寻常的；肯定。第一空根据上文“warn you early on if there is something”可知是健康出现异常，应用abnormal；第二空表示“有可能挽救你的生命”应用potentially。故选A。
19．B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：实验结束后，我们可以清楚地看到，调查结果分为两个截然不同的组，所以我们现在可以很容易地看到差异。A. indistinct模糊的；B. distinct不同的；C. distinctive独特的；D. distant遥远的。根据后文“so we can easily see the difference now”可知，此处是分为两个不同的组。故选B。
20．D
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我们几乎没有机会成功地修改法律。然而，重要的是我们要去尝试。A. Moreover此外，而且；B. Furthermore此外，而且；C. In addition此外，另外；D. Nevertheless然而。结合前后文语境，“我们几乎没有机会成功地修改法律”与“重要的是我们要去尝试”构成转折关系，应用Nevertheless。故选D。
21．A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：生命是很短暂的，我们不应该浪费生命去读毫无价值的书。A. valueless无价值的；B. valuable有价值的；C. invaluable极宝贵的；D. worthwhile有价值的。由“Life being very short”可知，句子表示“生命是很短暂的，我们不应该浪费生命去读毫无价值的书”，故选A。
22．A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：钟南山博士的演讲鼓舞人心，打动了我的心。A. inspiring鼓舞人心的；B. inspired受鼓舞的；C. being inspired被启发的（现在分词的被动）；D. to inspire为了鼓舞。根据句意可知，此处表示“鼓舞人心的”，应用形容词inspiring，作表语，修饰名词the speech(演讲)。故选A。
23．C
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：在过去的两年中，主修文科的学生比例从8%急剧上升到37%。A. gradually逐渐地；B. slightly稍微；C. dramatically显著地；D. particularly特别。根据后文“from 8% to 37%”可知，此处指显著上升，应用dramatically。故选C。
24．C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：——彼得，我现在能用下你的自行车吗？——对不起，现在用不了。它正在被修理。A. ideal理想的；B. adjustable可调整的；C. available可用的；D. ultimate最后的。根据后文“It is being repaired.”可知，车现在用不了。故选C。
25．C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：老板对他的秘书令人满意的能力相当满意。第一空修饰人的感情，应用-ed结尾形容词satisfied“满意的”，作表语；第二空修饰ability，应用-ing结尾形容词satisfying“令人满意的”，作定语。故选C。
26．D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们不知道他是一个如此贪婪的人，他爱钱胜过一切。A.admirable令人钦佩的； B.eager急切的，渴望的； C.enthusiastic热情的； D.greedy贪婪的。根据定语从句“who loved money more than anything else”可知应该表示“一个如此贪婪的人”。故选D。
27．D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：该项目为疫情期间失业的人提供财政支持。A. energetic充满活力的、精力充沛的；B. desperate绝望的；C. intelligent聪明的、有智力的；D. financial财政的、金融的。根据题干中的“who lost their jobs in the pandemic”可知，在疫情期间失业了，说明没有了经济来源，因此，这里应指“经济上的支持”，financial符合句意。故选D项。
28．A
【解析】考查形容词和主谓一致。虽然我最近的测验成绩令人沮丧，但我的老师和父母总是鼓励我。-ing形式形容词一般用来修饰物，表示事物的性质或特征；-ed形式形容词一般用来修饰人，表达人的情感和感觉。as well as连接两部分作主语时，谓语动词的形式由前一部分主语的人称和数来决定。第一空主语是quiz scores，指物，所以用-ing形式形容词作表语；第二空谓语动词根据主语my teacher决定，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式。故选A。
29．C
【解析】考查形容词。句意：他陷入沉思，差点撞上前面的车。be lost in thought是固定搭配，意为“陷入沉思”，所以应用形容词lost作状语。故选C。
30．C
【解析】考查非谓语动词和时态。句意：警察走到唯一一间开着门的房子前，在那里站了一会儿，然后走了进去。 分析句子可知，空一考查“with+宾语+宾语补足语”复合结构，根据句意，此处表示状态，故用形容词open作宾语补足语：根据句意，came up，stood，和went in 是三个动作连续发生，都要用过去时，故选C。
二、
【答案与解析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，讲述的是一个秋天作者在落寞的情绪中聆听到优美的小提琴的演奏时的心路历程。说明了一个简单的道理：有些人和你在一起，但不懂你，有些人很少和你说话，但理解你，这样的人才是真正的朋友。
31．考查介词词义辨析。句意：一些人总是和你在一起，但不理解你。A. for为……；B. with和……；C. against反对；D. to到。根据下文转折的内容“Some say only a few words to you, but understand you”可知，此处应该是和你在一起的人。故选B。
32．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多人会步入你的生活，但仅仅只有真正的朋友会留下足迹。A. good好的；B. new新的；C. true真正的；D. old年老的。根据下文 “I know she will always be my best friend(我知道她将会是我最好的朋友)”可知，只有真正的朋友会留下足迹。故选C。
33．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我总是会回忆起那个秋天和那个拉小提琴的女孩。 A. sound声音；B. song歌曲；C. violin小提琴；D. play演奏。根据下文 “But one day, the sound of a violin flowed into my ears like a stream (小溪) flowing in the mountains.”可知，作者总是会回忆起那个秋天和那个拉小提琴的女孩。故选C。
34．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我可以看见金黄的树叶在秋风中随风飘动。A. shaking摇动；B. hanging悬挂；C. falling下降；D. floating漂浮。根据下文“on the cool wind”可知，树叶在风中飞舞飘动。故选D。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在这样的季节里，我喜欢独步走在树叶里，聆听树叶飘零的声音。A. watching看；B. seeing看见；C. listening聆听；D. hearing听见。根据下文中的“sound”可知，这是用听的方式独步在树叶中。空格后有to，所以要用listen to。故选C。
36．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：秋天是丰收的季节但生活很没趣。A. lively生动的；B. harvest丰收的；C. lovely可爱的；D. lonely孤独的，单独的。根据常识和下文“but life is uninteresting”可知，秋天是丰收的季节。故选B。
37．考查副词词义辨析。句意：无聊的日子总是让我失望。A. down悲哀、沮丧；B. off远离；C. up向上；D. over落下。根据“The boring days”可知，无聊的日子总是让作者失望。固定搭配get sb. down译为“让某人失望的意思”。故选A。
38．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我以前从来没有看到过这个场景。A. once一旦；B. never从不；C. often经常；D. usually通常。这里根据后面的描述：音乐是如此的动听，作者安静地聆听着，沉迷于音乐声中。说明作者以前从来没有见过如此的场景。而前文的“I was so surprised that I jumped to see what it was”也佐证了这一推定。故选B。
39．考查动词词义辨析。句意：沉迷于这种音乐，我不知道我已经站在那里很久了，但我的存在丝毫也没有打扰到她。A. standing站立；B. stopping停止；C. waiting等候；D. hearing听见。根据前文“I was so surprised that I jumped to see what it was.”可知，作者是站着聆听的。故选A。
40．考查连词词义辨析。句意：每天当她到建筑物的角落演奏小提琴的时候，我都下楼去看她演奏。A. because因为；B. when当……时候；C. so所以；D. but但是。根据下文“I went downstairs to watch her performance”可知，此处为时间状语从句，用when表示“当……的时候”。故选B。
41．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：秋天变得不再孤独，而生活变得有趣起来。A. interesting有趣的；B. moving移动的；C. exciting兴奋的；D. encouraging鼓舞的。根据前文“life is uninteresting”以及空格前“no longer lonely and life became”可知，此处所表达的意思是跟前面的意思相反。即生活变得有趣了。故选A。
42．考查副词、连词的辨析。句意：尽管我们彼此不相识，我觉得我们已经是好朋友了。A. But但是；B. However然而；C. Even甚至；D. Though尽管。根据下文“we didn’t know each other”可知，尽管不相识，却成为了好朋友。所以此处为让步状语从句关系。故选D。
43．考查形容词的辨析。句意：突然，一丝悲伤的表情出现在她的脸上， 我能感觉到有一些不寻常。A. happy高兴的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. strange奇怪的，陌生的；D. sad悲伤的。根据下文“I could feel something unusual”可知，作者猜测到女孩的表情是悲伤的。故选D。
44．考查强调句型。句意：事实上，是你的演奏给了我一个有意义的秋天。A. who谁；B. which哪一个；C. it它；D. that那个。此处为“It was+被强调部分+that ……”的强调句句型。故选D。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她像一场梦——那么短，那么明亮，像一颗流星，发出那么多的光，使秋天变得美丽。A. song歌曲；B. fire火；C. dream梦想；D. sister姐姐。结合全文的意思可知，在“我”看来，小姑娘就像一个梦，让“我”久久难忘。故选C。
三、
1
46．may/might
47．until
48．will be allowed
49．why
50．less harmful
51．to swim
52．due to/because of/owing to
53．it
54．that
55．preventing
【解析】【分析】
这是一篇说明文。文章介绍游泳成功之道。
46．考查情态动词。句意：许多人可能会说，你所要做的就是上课并通过考试。此处指不是很确定，故填may/might。
47．考查not---until引导的时间状语从句。句意：据清华大学校长邱勇宣布，如果他们在大学课程开始时的游泳考试中不及格，那么他们只有通过考试才能获得学位。按照句义，他们将得不到他们的学位除非能成功通过考试，所以这里是not...until...“直到------才”引导的时间状语从句。故填until。
48．考查一般将来时态的被动语态。句意：有一定身体或精神状况的学生，经医务人员证明，可以例外。首先确定本句没有谓语，应该是谓语动词，然后是例外会被允许，最后确定if条件状语从句中的主将从现，所以用一般将来时态的被动语态。故填will be allowed。
49．考查宾语从句。句意：体育科学与教育部部长刘波解释了为什么学校将游泳能力与学位联系起来。解释之后应该是解释为什么，所以是why引导的宾语从句。故填why。
50．考查形容词比较级。句意：游泳作为一项必不可少的生存技能，从长远来看对学生是有益的，因为作为一项水上运动，游泳有助于提高学生的耐力，对关节和肌肉的伤害较小。这里在讲游泳的好处，所以应是harmful 的降级比较级less harmful to joints and musles，故填less harmful。
51．考查动词不定式做后置定语。句意：将游泳能力视为学生必须具备的能力，这对这所大学来说并不新鲜——在20世纪初，这也是一种要求。固定搭配：the ability to do sth, 做某事的能力。故填to swim。
52．考查固定短语。句意：后来，由于学生人数的增加和设施的缺乏，这个项目被取消了。这件事情后来被放下了，由于......原因，所以填due to/because of/owing to。
53．考查代词it。句意：我认为强制执行是必要的。这里是it作making的宾语，把这件事变为强制的是很必要的，it代指游泳。故填it。
54．考查定语从句。句意：事实上，中国的大学并不是唯一鼓励学生游泳的教育机构。此处organizations是先行词，指物，后面的定语从句缺主语和引导词，理论上应该用that/which引导定语从句,但是前面有the only修饰先行词,所以只能填that。
55．考查现在分词作后置定语。句意：任何防止人们无谓死亡的方法都是一种宝贵的技能。句子中已经有谓语动词is，所以这里应是非谓语动词，“任何阻止人们死亡的事情”是主动，所以用现在分词作后置定语。故填doing。
2
56．at
57．thinking
58．really
59．letters
60．evolved
61．what
62．was improved
63．earlier
64．it
65．to help
【解析】述了大家很熟悉的26个英文字母的由来以及探究了为什么是现在这个顺序呢？
56．考查介词。句意：你可以以很快的速度说ABCs，并且有些人还可以不假思索的将其倒背如流。空格位于名词短语前，和后边的名词短语一起做say的状语，所以空格处应填介词，与其后名词组成介词短语作状语。“以很快的速度”应使用介词at，故填at。
57．考查动名词。句意同上。空格位于介词without后，括弧中给出的是动词think，所以应填动名词作宾语。故填thinking。
58．考查副词。句意：真的没有一个简单的答案。空格处单词位于be动词后，修饰be动词或者整句话，应用副词形式。故填really。
59．考查名词的复数形式。句意：没有一个人醒来就决定把这些字母按那个顺序排列，字母是经过长时期的演变才变成今天这个样子的。我们知道字母表有26个字母，所以空格处应填letter（字母）的复数形式。故填letters。
60．考查一般过去时。句意同上。这句话将字母的演化过程，且由“over a long period of time”可知，这句话应使用一般过去时。故填evolved。
61．考查宾语从句。句意同上。这是一个宾语从句，主句缺宾语，从句缺表语，所以应使用what做连接词。故填what。
62．考查一般过去时的被动语态。句意：第一个字母表是由腓尼基人在公元前1000年左右改进过的，比希腊人还早200年。这句话第一个空格处的单词作句子的谓语，This first alphabet与improve之间是被动关系，所以谓语动词使用被动语态。This first alphabet为第三人称单数形式，所以谓语动词使用第三人称单数。又由around1000 BC可知，句子使用一般过去时。故填was improved。
63．考查形容词比较级。句意同上。这句话将腓尼基人改进字母表的时间与希腊人对比，所以空格处应填形容词比较级，故填earlier。
64．考查代词。句意：罗马人将它变成了现代的字母表，就是我们现在认识的这样。由and可知，and后是一个完整的句子，分析句子成份，句子缺少宾语。“turn sth. into…”意为“将……变成……”。根据句意，sth.应指代前边提到的the alphabet，故用it替代。故填it。
65．考查不定式作宾语。句意：一些学者认为人们记忆中的这个顺序意味着帮助人们记住它。“meant to do sth.”意为“意味着做某事”，故填to help。
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66．scientists
67．to
68．interested
69．the
70．his
71．publishing
72．completely
73．which
74．should build##build
75．be needed
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。文章主要介绍了世界上最伟大的科学家之一——爱因斯坦的个人经历以及他的成就和贡献。
66．考查名词的数。句意：阿尔伯特·爱因斯坦是世界上最伟大的科学家之一。scientist为可数名词，此处为：one of+the+形容词最高级+可数名词复数形式。故填scientists。
67．考查固定短语。句意：这些理论非常有助于人们了解宇宙。结合句意表示“有助于”可知用短语为contribute to。故填to。
68．考查形容词。句意：他在学校表现不好，但他对数学和科学感兴趣。分析句子可知，was后接形容词作表语。短语be interested in“对……感兴趣”。故填interested。
69．考查冠词。句意：与此同时，他继续自学物理。结合句意表示“与此同时”可知短语为at the same time。故填the。
70．考查代词。句意：与此同时，他继续自学物理。根据句意表示“自学”可知短语为study on one’s own，此处指爱因斯坦应用形容词性物主代词his，on one's own“依靠某人自己的力量”。故填his。
71．考查非谓语动词。句意：1905年，爱因斯坦发表了五篇重要的研究论文，引起了轰动。分析句子结构可知publish在句中应用非谓语动词形式，作介词by的宾语，应用动名词形式。故填publishing。
72．考查副词。句意：其中一篇论文包含了关于光的“性质”的全新观点。修饰形容词new应用副词completely，作状语。故填completely。
73．考查定语从句。句意：在另一篇论文中，爱因斯坦提出了狭义相对论，它改变了科学家们对能量和物质的看法。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词the special theory of relativity，且先行词在从句中作主语，指物，故应用关系代词which引导，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
74．考查虚拟语气。句意：在第二次世界大战期间，爱因斯坦建议美国应该制造核武器。advise后跟宾语从句，从句需用虚拟语气，从句谓语用should+动词原形，should可以省略。故填should build/build。
75．考查动词语态。句意：他认为可能需要这些武器来打败纳粹。need在宾语从句中作谓语，与主语weapons构成被动关系，might后跟动词原形。故填be needed。
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76．arranging
77．goes
78．a
79．biggest
80．exciting
81．in
82．tracks
83．to get
84．where
85．surely
【解析】这是一篇记叙文。短文叙述了作者和儿子的旅行计划。
76．考查动名词。句意：我一直在忙着安排我和科林的假期，我们计划在他上大学之前花几周时间旅行。be busy doing sth“忙于做某事”。故填arranging。
77．考查时态。句意：我一直在忙着安排我和科林的假期，我们计划在他上大学之前花几周时间旅行。本句为before引导的时间状语从句，从句为一般现在时表示将来。故填goes。
78．考查冠词。句意：我们将于7月15日离开伦敦，然后乘飞机去摩洛哥。take a flight to sp“乘飞机去某地”，flight的首字母为辅音音素，冠词为a。故填a。
79．考查最高级。句意：我们将骑骆驼穿越撒哈拉沙漠，这是世界上最大的沙漠—大约有美国那么大! 根据句意以及常识可知，撒哈拉沙漠时世界上最大的沙漠。所以用最高级。故填biggest。
80．考查形容词。句意：这很危险，但很刺激。主语为It,所以形容词为ing结尾的形容词做表语。故填exciting。
81．考查介词。句意：我需要提前买一个大背包来装我的食物和水。in advance“提前”为固定短语。故填in。
82．考查名词。句意：白天，我们会穿过这片土地，沿着野生动物的足迹走。track为可数名词, 表示野生动物的足迹，用复数形式。 故填tracks。
83．考查动词不定式。句意：尽管这些动物很危险，我们还是尽量接近它们。try to do sth“努力做某事”为固定短语，符合句意。故填to get。
84．考查关系副词。句意：之后，我们将前往坦桑尼亚，在那里我们将攀登乞力马扎罗山。Tanzania为先行词，在定语从句中做地点状语，关系副词为where。故填where。
85．考查副词。句意：我们旅行的非洲部分将花费大约四周的时间，我们肯定会度过一段愉快的时光。副词surely修饰动词have。故填surely。
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86．who/that
87．to welcome
88．known
89．longest
90．gradually
91．terms
92．offered
93．are
94．in
95．it
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了夏至这一节日的历史以及相关传统。
86．考查定语从句。句意：世界上许多国家的人们都认为有一个特别的日子，他们观察太阳的运动。句中先行词为people，在定语从句中担当主语，所以用关系代词who或that引导。故填who/that。
87．考查非谓语动词。句意：英国，人们在巨石阵的前夜去迎接太阳的升起。非谓语动词充当目的状语，用不定式。故填to welcome。
88．考查非谓语动词。句意：中国人同样重视这一天，被称为夏至，汉语里叫“xiazhi”。非谓语动词充当定语，和被修饰词this day之间存在被动关系，用过去分词。故填known。
89．考查最高级。句意：就日光而言，这是一年中最长的一天。根据空前的the，以及句意可知，空处为最高级。故填longest。
90．考查副词。句意：夏至后，太阳下的极点开始向南移动，白天逐渐变短。修饰动词shorten用副词形式。故填gradually。
91．考查名词的数。句意：虽然在现代中国，夏至只是被称为一个节气，在古代它是一个重要的节日。根据空前的“one of ”结构可知，空处为名词的复数形式。故填terms。
92．考查时态。句意：在宋朝，这个节日给官员三天的假期。根据时间状语“In the Song Dynasty”可知，本句为一般过去时。故填offered。
93．考查时态和主谓一致。句意：研究传统文化的学者郭文斌表示，古代夏至节的许多习俗现在都成为庆祝活动的一部分。根据时间状语now可知，本句为一般现在时。主语为many customs，复数，所以谓语动词用are。故填are。
94．考查介词。句意：我们通常认为赛龙舟是为了纪念屈原而产生的。短语：in memory of(为了纪念……)。故填in。
95．考查代词。句意：夏至通常是人们收获小麦的时候，所以很多地方都有吃面条的传统。本句真正的主语为不定式to eat noodles in many places.，空处为it作形式主语。故填it。