初中英语语法之连词
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连词
连词按性质主要分两类：并列连词和从属连词。
一、并列连词(连接意义相关、层次相同的两个单词、短语或分句)
考点一：and表示并列、顺承等关系。
考点二：or表示选择关系，意为“或；还是”；通常用在肯定句和选择疑问句中。在否定句中连接并列成分时，则表示“也不”。
考点三：and / or常用于句型“祈使句(,) + and / or ...”中。and表示“那么；则”，or表示“否则”，祈使句具有条件句的含义。
考点四：but，yet表示转折关系。
考点五：so，for表示因果关系。for通常是对前面的情况加以解释，不能回答why引导的问句。
【考例链接】
单项选择
( )1.“Put on your coat, _______ you will catch a cold!” This is what my mum often says to me.
A. and
B. but
C. or
D. so
( )2.The film seems interesting _______ we all want to see it.
A. and
B. but
C. unless
D. if
( )3.This cap is nice, _______ it doesn’t look good on me.
A. for
B. so
C. but
D. or
( )4.You can’t decide whether or not you like something until you try it, _______ it’s important to try something new.
A. but
B. or
C. so
( )5.—Which sport do you prefer, volleyball _______ basketball?
—I prefer volleyball.
A. or
B. and
C. but
( )6.A better future is the goal of the Chinese people, _______ it’s also the common interest of the world.
A. so
B. and
C. or
D. but
( )7.I’ve wanted to read Peter Pan for long, _______ today I finally borrowed the book from the library.
A. or
B. but
C. and
D. since
考点六：其他并列连词有 both ... and ...，either ... or ...，not only ... but also ...，neither ... nor ...，not ... but和as well as。
注意：
1. both ... and ... 连接两个主语时，谓语动词用复数形式。
2. not only ... but also ...，neither ... nor ... 和 either ...or ...连接两个主语时，谓语动词常与but also, nor和or后面的主语在人称和数上保持一致，也就是遵循就近一致的原则。
3. as well as连接两个主语时，谓语动词应该与前面的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
【考例链接】
Ⅰ. 单项选择
( )1.A break between classes is a good time for students to play sports and talk with their classmates. So it _______ helps with students’ health, _______ improves their social skills.
A. either; or
B. neither; nor
C. not only; but also
( )2.—It’s a pity that _______ my teachers _______ parents allow me to swim alone.
—After all you are too young, safety first.
A. either ... or
B. neither ... nor
C. both ... and
D. not only ... but also
Ⅱ. 完成句子
在中国，晚饭后老太太们要么散步，要么跳广场舞。
In China, the old ladies _______ take a walk _______ do group dancing after dinner.
Ⅲ. 汉译英
1. 这个暑假，我要么去夏令营，要么成为一名志愿者。(either ... or ...)
___________________________________________
2. 她不但是艺术家还是个天才的音乐家。 (as well as)
___________________________________________
二、从属连词(连接主从复合句)
考点一：引导时间状语从句的从属连词有 when，while，before，after，until / till，since (自从)和as soon as等。
温馨提示：
1. when表示“当……的时候”，其引导的从句的动词既可用延续性动词也可用短暂性动词。而 while表示“与……同时；当……的时候”时，其引导的从句的动词常为延续性动词或表状态的动词。
2. until / till用在肯定句中，表示“一直到……时(为止)”，这时主句中的动词为延续性动词。用在否定句中时，表示“直到……才……”，这时可以和before引导的从句进行同义句转化。
注意：until / till还可作介词。
3. since表示“自从”。当since从句用一般过去时时，主句通常用现在完成时。句型 “It has been / It is+时间段+ since ...”表示“自从……以来已经有多长时间了”。
4. 当before引导的从句用一般过去时时，若主句的动作在从句的动作发生以前已经发生，则主句用过去完成时。
【考例链接】
Ⅰ. 单项选择
( )1.I’ll send you a message _______ I get to school.
A. since
B. so that
C. as soon as
D. though
( )2.Tom watched the World Cup _______ 11:30 last night.
A. when
B. unless
C. until
D. as soon as
( )3.Love your parents _______ they are alive. Don’t wait until it is too late.
A. while
B. though
C. because
D. unless
( )4.They didn’t go home _______ they finished their work.
A. because
B. when
C. until
Ⅱ. 汉译英
1. 我的老师们直到完成了这项工作才回家。
___________________________________________
2. 昨天我在海滩上散步的时候，看到一个画家在画画。
___________________________________________
3. 自古以来，许多名人留下了赞誉扬州之美的著名诗篇。
___________________________________________
4. 我还没来得及再说什么，他就走出了办公室。(before)
___________________________________________
考点二：引导条件状语从句的从属连词有if，unless和as long as等。
【考例链接】
Ⅰ. 单项选择
( )1.—Let’s go climbing Langshan Mountain this Saturday _______ the weather is fine.
—Good idea!
A. though
B. if
C. unless
( )2.The environment will be much worse _______ everyone has a sense of protecting it.
A. unless
B. if
C. so that
( )3.Friends are like books. You don’t need a lot of them _______ they are good.
A. or
B. and
C. as long as
D. as soon as
Ⅱ. 汉译英
1. 如果你想深入了解野鸭，高邮湖是观察它们的最佳去处之一。
___________________________________________
2. 只要他明天来，我就告诉他这个好消息。
___________________________________________
3. 不要开始这个项目，除非一切就绪。
___________________________________________
考点三：引导结果状语从句的从属连词有so ... that ...，such ... that ...和 so that等。
温馨提示：
1. 在so ... that ...结构中，so是副词，只能修饰形容词或副词。
★so+形容词 / 副词+that从句
so+形容词+a / an+可数名词单数形式+that从句
so+many / few+可数名词复数形式+that从句
so+much / little+不可数名词+that从句
2. 在such ... that ...结构中，such后面跟名词或名词短语。
★such+a / an+形容词+可数名词单数形式+that从句
such+形容词+可数名词复数形式 / 不可数名词+that从句
【考例链接】
Ⅰ. 单项选择
( )1.—Xiao Lin, this desk is _______ heavy _______ I can’t move it.
—Don’t worry. I’ll help you.
A. such; that
B. too; to
C. so; that
( )2.StorySign is _______ a useful app _______ it can make it easier for deaf children and their parents to read bedtime stories.
A. so ... that
B. such ... that
C. too ... to
D. as ... as
Ⅱ. 完成句子
1. 昨天雨下得太大了，我们无法在室外打篮球。
_____________________ that we couldn’t play basketball outside yesterday.
2. 他们如此努力地投入到抗击新冠病毒的工作中，以致忘记了自我。
They worked _______ hard against the COVID-19 _______ they forgot about themselves.
Ⅲ. 汉译英
1. 那是如此漫长的一段旅程，每个人都筋疲力尽了。
___________________________________________
2. 中国政府采取了恰当措施，挽救了更多人的生命。(take ... steps, so that)
___________________________________________
考点四：引导原因状语从句的从属连词有because和since (既然)等。
考点五：引导目的状语从句的从属连词有so that和in order that等。
考点六：引导让步状语从句的从属连词有 although / though, even though / even if，疑问词+-ever / no matter+疑问词(不管……；无论)，whether ... or ...(不管……还是……)等。
温馨提示：
although / though可以与yet, still连用，但不能和but连用。
【考例链接】
Ⅰ. 单项选择
( )1.He could find the way home _______ he was only three years old.
A. though
B. because
C. where
D. if
( )2._______ I do, I do it for you. Do not ever doubt that, my boy.
A. Whatever
B. Wherever
C. Whenever
D. Whoever
( )3.—The local food may taste a bit strange.
—Well, _______ we are here, why not give it a try?
A. though
B. unless
C. since
D. because
( )4.—Did you call Michael back?
—I didn’t need to, _______ I’ll see him tomorrow.
A. unless
B. because
C. when
D. though
( )5.You’d better take the map with you _______ you won’t get lost.
A. so that
B. as soon as
C. now that
D. as long as
( )6._______ my grandpa is over 80 years old, he still looks strong and healthy.
A. Although
B. Because
C. Unless
Ⅱ. 同义句转换
1. I can’t hear you well. Please say it louder.
Please say it louder _______ _______ I can hear you well.
2. Whatever you do, don’t lose heart.
No _______ _______ you do, don’t lose heart.
3. Whenever you come back to China, you’ll be amazed at the great changes here.
_______ _______ when you come back to China, you’ll be amazed at the great changes here.
4. He left early in order to arrive on time.
He left early _______ _______ _______ he would arrive on time.
5. Even though he’s 24 now, he’s still like a little child.
_______ _______ he’s 24 now, he’s still like a little child.
Ⅲ. 英汉互译
1. No matter how hard it is, Chinese women’s volleyball team will never give up.
___________________________________________
2. Though I can’t watch my favorite program tonight, it’s not a big deal.
___________________________________________
3. 无论你做什么，都不要失去勇气。(whatever, never)
___________________________________________
综合训练
【考例链接】
填上合适的连词完成句子
1. U you work hard, you will not succeed.
2. They’ve been good friends s they were little kids.
3. A the traffic was heavy, we got to the railway station on time.
4. I like dogs _______ they’re friendly and smart.
5. _______ you go to the party, you’ll have a good time.
6. The Yangtze is the longest river in China, _______ the Amazon is longer than it.
7. W you like Indian food, Western food or Japanese food, you’ll find it all in Singapore!
8._______ I get in trouble, I ask Grandma to come over for dinner. (无论何时)
9. _______(无论什么) difficulties you meet, never give up easily.
10. _______(不管) it’s summer or winter, Mudanjiang is a good place to take a holiday.
11. She trained hard all year y still failed to reach her best form.
12. He felt no fear, f he was very brave.
图片
参考答案
一、并列连词
考点一、考点二、考点三、考点四、考点五：
1-5 CACCA 6-7 BC
考点六：
Ⅰ. 1-2 CB Ⅱ. either; or
Ⅲ. 1. I will either go to summer camp or become a volunteer this summer vacation.
2. She is a talented musician as well as an artist.
二、从属连词
考点一：
Ⅰ. 1-4 CCAC
Ⅱ. 1. My teachers didn’t go (back) home until / till / before they finished the / this work / job.
2. When / While I was walking on the beach, I saw an artist drawing / painting (a picture) yesterday.
3. Since ancient times, many famous people have left famous poems to praise the beauty of Yangzhou.
4. Before I could say anything more, he had gone out of the office.
考点二：
Ⅰ. 1-3 BAC
Ⅱ. 1. If you want to know more about wild ducks, Gaoyou Lake is one of the best places to watch them.
2. As long as he comes tomorrow, I’ll tell him the good news.
3. Don’t start the project unless everything is ready.
考点三：
Ⅰ. 1-2 CB Ⅱ. 1. It rained so heavily 2. so; that
Ⅲ. 1. That was such a long journey that everyone was tired out.
2. The Chinese government takes proper steps so that more lives are saved / it can save more lives.
考点四、考点五、考点六：
Ⅰ. 1-6 AACBAA
Ⅱ. 1. so that 2. matter what 3. No matter
4. in order that 5. Even if
Ⅲ. 1. 无论处境多难，中国女排将永不放弃。
2. 虽然今晚我不能看我最喜欢的节目，但是那没什么大不了的 / 没什么了不起的 / 无所谓 / 没关系 / 不重要。
3. Whatever you do, never lose courage.
综合训练
1. Unless 2. since 3. Although 4. because 5. If
6. but 7. Whether 8. Whenever 9. Whatever
10. Whether 11. yet 12. for
