【寒假自学】2023年人教版(2019)高二英语（选择性必修第二册）-第09讲 Unit4 Journey Across a Vast Land 寒假精品讲学案

这是一份【寒假自学】2023年人教版(2019)高二英语（选择性必修第二册）-第09讲 Unit4 Journey Across a Vast Land 寒假精品讲学案，文件包含寒假自学2023年人教版2019高二英语-第09讲Unit4JourneyAcrossaVastLand解析版选择性必修第二册docx、寒假自学2023年人教版2019高二英语-第09讲Unit4JourneyAcrossaVastLand原卷版选择性必修第二册docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共29页， 欢迎下载使用。

【学习目标】
复习Unit4重点单词、短语、句型
二．复习Unit4语法（过去分词作表语和状语）
写作（旅游经历）
课内知识回馈
一
（课文改编版）
Li Daiyu and Liu Qian were n a trip acrss Canada. Rather than 1. _______(take) the cmmercial airline all the way, they wuld crss Canada train after 2._________ (arrive) in Vancuver by air.
Befre starting ut, they spent a cuple f days in Vancuver 3._________ (see) the sights. The next mrning, the tw girls 4. _________ (arise) early t take the train t Lake Luise, 5.________ (pass) thrugh the Canadian Rckies, and then tk 6._________ cach bund nrth 7. _______the Canadian Rckies t Jasper, 8._________ they saw spectacular muntain peaks, frests, and many different creatures, 9._________ (include) deer, muntain gats, and even a grizzly bear and 10._________eagle.
Frm Jasper, they 11._______（catch） the train twards Trnt. It was nt until 9：30 a．m. . 12._________ they finally reached the capital f Ontari, Trnt.
【答案】1. take 2. arriving 3. seeing 4. arse 5. passing 6.a 7. thrugh 8. where 9. including 10. an11.caught 12. that
二
（课文改编版）
On their 1. ________ (arrive) in Trnt, Li Daiyu and her cusin spent a few hurs 2. _______（tur） the city and had dinner with Lin Fei，3. _________was Li Daiyu's mther's ld classmate. He tld the girls there were a few Chinatwns in the Greater Trnt Area and there were many Chinese peple 4. _________ (live)in Canada. Therefre，they culd get all 5. _______ (kind) f great fd there frm all ver China.
At night，the train left late and arrived in Mntreal early the next mrning. 6.________ surprised the girls was that all the signs and advertisements 7. _________ (be) in French and many peple spke English with 8. ________ accent. As their train wuldn’t leave until evening, they spent the afternn 9. ________ (g) arund the city. 10._________ they sat in a restaurant，a yung man 11.______（name） JeanPhilippe jined them. He tld them smething abut the city and hped they wuld stay a little 12._________ (lng) t visit wnderful sights f the city.
13.________ the train twards the prvince f Nva Sctia，the cusins dreamt 14.________ (happy) f the beautiful cbblestne streets，ld brick buildings，and the red maple leaves f Mntreal.
【答案】1.arrival 2. turing 3. wh 4. living 5. kinds 6.What 7. were 8. an 9. ging 10. When 11. named 12. lnger 13. On 14. happily
练习
一
Li Daiyu and Liu Qian were n a trip t Canada. Befre 1._________(start) ut，they spent a cuple f days in Vancuver, 2._________ there were sme shps selling crafts and 3._________(antique)．After that they tk the train t Lake Luise，where the blue water tk their breath 4________. Their next stp was in Edmntn，a city with daily temperatures 5. _________(average) 10℃.They had knwn that Canada is a cuntry which has vast lands but 6._______ small ppulatin. Hwever，they didn’t anticipate 7._________(see) such an pen cuntry. They were s 8._________(amaze)．The train thundered n，and the red maple trees utside the windw 9._________(cnfirm) that autumn had arrived in (eventual)，they reached their destinatin—Trnt. The whle jurney tk them fur days.
【答案】 6.a 7.seeing 8.amazed
二
Gestures can 1._______(use) t express peple’s thughts and pinins in their interactins 2._______ ther peple，but in different cuntries the same gesture may have different meanings.Fr example，in sme cuntries，lking int the eyes f the persn yu are talking t 3.______(be) a way t display interest，but in many Middle Eastern cuntries men and wmen shuld avid 4.________(make) eye cntact.In mst cuntries,5.______(shake) ne’s head means “n”，and ndding means “yes”．By 6._______(cmpare)，in Bulgaria and suthern Albania，the gestures have the ppsite meaning.In cuntries 7._____ France and Russia，peple may kiss their friends n 8.____cheek when they meet.Elsewhere，peple favur shaking hands，bwing frm the waist，r ndding the head when they meet smene else.
All in all，bdy language 9._____(vary) frm culture t culture，but it is safe 10.______(fllw) the glden rule—When in Rme，d as the Rmans d
【答案】1.be used2 with 3 is 4making 5shaking 6 cmparisn 7 like 8 the 9 varies 10 t fllw

词汇短语过关斩将
1.pleasant adj. 令人愉快的；友好的→pleasure n. 愉快；开心→pleased adj. 高兴的； 满意的
2．astnish vt. 使十分惊讶；使吃惊→astnished adj. 吃惊的；惊讶的→astnishing adj. 令人吃惊的→astnishment n. 吃惊；惊讶
3．breath n. 呼吸的空气→breathe v. 呼吸→breathless adj. 气喘吁吁的
4．freezing adj. 极冷的；冰冻的→frzen adj. 冻僵；冻住→freeze vi.&vt. 结冰；(使)冻住→frze/frzen/freezing (过去式/过去分词/现在分词)
5．misty adj. 多雾的；模糊的→mist n. 薄雾；水汽
6.advertisement n. 广告；启事→advertise v. 做广告→advertising n. 广告业
7．phtgrapher n. 摄影师；拍照者→phtgraph n. 照片→eq \a\vs4\al(phtgraphy) n. 照相术； 摄影
8．literally adv. 字面上；真正地→literal adj. 文学的；文学上的→literature n. 文学； 文学作品
9．frst n. 霜；严寒天气；霜冻 vt. 使蒙上霜 vi. 结霜→frsty adj. 结霜的；霜冻的
10．anticipate vt. 预料；预见；期望→anticipatin n. 预料；预见；期望

基础句法精益求精
1．Rather than travel by cmmercial airline all the way，they decided t fly t Vancuver and then take the train.
没有选择一路坐商务航班旅行，她们决定先飞往温哥华，然后乘坐火车。
2．Seen frm the train windw，the muntains and frests f Canada lked massive.
从火车的窗户向外看，外面是连绵起伏的山脉和大片的森林。
3．Lking at the beautiful scenery，they bth agreed that it was the mst awesme jurney they had ever taken.
看着这美丽的风景，她们俩人一致认为，这是她们有生以来最棒的旅行。
4．Since it can be t cld t g utdrs，Edmntn is hme t many shpping malls.
因为天太冷不能去户外，埃德蒙顿成了许多购物广场的所在地。
5．It was nt until 9：30 a．m.that they finally reached the capital f Ontari，Trnt.
直到上午9：30，她们才最终抵达安大略的省会多伦多。
基础语法披荆斩棘
过去分词作表语和状语
[观察例句]
1．The girls were amazed t see such an pen cuntry.
2．D yu feel frightened when ging int the wilderness alne?
3．Seen frm the tp f the muntain，the scenery was really fascinating.
4．Finally，the cmpany—headed by its new manager—started t make a prfit.
[归纳用法]
1．例句1中的amazed和例句2中的frightened为过去分词作表语。
2．例句3中的Seen和例句4中的headed为过去分词作状语，过去分词与其逻辑主语之间是被动关系，往往含有完成的意思。
一、过去分词作表语
1．意义
位于系动词(如be，get，becme，lk，feel，seem等)之后，多表示主语的状态或状况，它所体现的是形容词的特性。
She lked disappinted.
她看上去很失望。
We were encuraged at the news.
听到这个消息我们很受鼓舞。
2．过去分词作表语与被动语态的区别
过去分词作表语时，强调主语所处的状态，而动词的被动语态表示主语是动作的承受者，强调动作。
The cup is brken.
杯子碎了。(系表结构)
The cup was brken by Tm.
杯子是被汤姆打碎的。(被动语态)
3．现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别
They became s wrried that they stayed awake all night.
他们变得如此担心，以至于一整晚都没有睡觉。
The situatin became s wrrying that smething shuld be dne at nce.
形势变得令人担忧，应该立刻采取措施。
[即学即练1] 用所给动词的正确形式填空
①I was t (tire) t walk any further.
②When he heard the stry，he was deeply ．(mve)
③Tm was mre (surprise) than (disappint) at this news.
【答案】1.tired 2.mving ，mved3.surprised ，disappinted
二、过去分词(短语)作状语
1．意义
过去分词(短语)作状语，修饰谓语动词，进一步说明谓语动词的动作和状态，即动作发生时的背景或状况，其逻辑主语通常就是句子的主语，且过去分词与主语之间为动宾关系。
2．过去分词(短语)作状语的句法功能和位置
(1) 过去分词(短语)表示被动，表示动作已经完成，其逻辑主语则为句子的主语。过去分词作状语时，可单独使用，也可以在其前面加上适当的连词，可表示时间、条件、原因、让步、方式、伴随等。
When ffered help，ne ften says “Thank yu” r “It's kind f yu”．(时间状语)
当被提供帮助的时候，人们常说“Thank yu”或“It's kind f yu”。
Given anther chance，I will d it much better.(条件状语)如果再给我一次机会，我会干得更好。
Greatly inspired by what he did，I jined him in helping thers.(原因状语)在他所做的事情的鼓励下，我也加入了帮助他人的行列。
Visited many times，the place is still wrth visiting again.(让步状语)
虽然已参观了很多次，这个地方仍值得再来。
He has been preparing his paper all day lng，lcked in his study.(方式状语)
锁在书房里，他一整天都在准备论文。
The guest walked int the rm，greeted by the hst.(伴随状语)
客人一边和主人打招呼，一边走进了房间。
(2)过去分词(短语)在句中作状语时，既可放在句首，也可放在句尾，中间用逗号隔开。
Caught in a heavy rain，he was all wet.
因为淋了一场大雨，所以他全身湿透了。
He std there silently，mved t tears.
＝Mved t tears，he std there silently.
他静静地站在那里，感动得热泪盈眶。
[即学即练2] 写出下列句中黑体部分分别作什么状语
①Clearly and thughtfully written，the bk inspires cnfidence in students wh wish t seek their wn answers.
原因状语
②Time，used crrectly，is mney in the bank.
条件状语
③If asked t lk after luggage fr smene else，infrm the plice at nce.
条件状语
④Seated at the table，my father and I were talking abut my jb.
方式状语
⑤When (yu are) given a medical examinatin，yu shuld keep calm.
时间状语
3．过去分词(短语)作状语的几种情况
(1)过去分词在句中作时间、条件、原因、让步状语时，相当于对应的时间、条件、原因及让步状语从句。
Seen frm the tp f the muntain(＝When it is seen frm the tp f the muntain)，the whle twn lks mre beautiful.从山顶上看，整个城市看起来更美了。
Encuraged by the prgress he has made(＝As he is encuraged by the prgress he has made)，he wrks harder.
由于受到所取得成绩的鼓舞，他工作更努力了。
(2)过去分词在句中作伴随、方式等状语时，可改为句子的并列谓语或改为并列分句。
The teacher came int the rm，fllwed by tw students(＝and was fllwed by tw students)．
后面跟着两个学生，老师走进了房间。
He spent the whle afternn，lcked in his study(＝and was lcked in his study)．
他把自己锁在书房里度过了一整个下午。
(3)过去分词作状语可与与之对应的状语从句互换。而从句改成过去分词作状语时有时还可保留连词，构成“连词＋过去分词”结构作状语。
Even if I am invited(＝Even if invited)，I will nt take part in the party.
即使被邀请，我也不会参加那个宴会。
Unless yu are asked t speak(＝Unless asked t speak)，yu shuld remain silent at the meeting.
除非被要求说话，在会上你应该保持沉默。
(4)过去分词(短语)作状语时，过去分词(短语)的逻辑主语通常是句子的主语，否则，分词(短语)前应加上自己的主语。这种带有自身主语的过去分词(短语)被称为过去分词(短语)的独立主格结构。过去分词(短语)的独立主格结构通常在句中作状语，可表示时间、原因、条件等。
The test finished，we began ur hliday.
考试结束了，我们开始放假了。
Mre time given，we culd have dne it much better.
如果给我们更多的时间，我们会做得更好。
[即学即练3] 句型转换
①When they were asked wh had brken the vase，the children all kept silent.
→ ，the children all kept silent.
②If we are united，we will make ur life better.
→ ，we will make ur life better.
③Althugh we were exhausted by the hard wrk，we went n with it.
→ ，we went n with it.
【答案】1.When asked wh had brken the vase
2.If united3.Exhausted by the hard wrk
4．现在分词与过去分词作状语的区别
现在分词与过去分词作状语的最主要的区别在于两者与其逻辑主语的主动与被动关系。
(1)现在分词作状语时，现在分词的动作就是句子主语发出的动作，它们之间是主动关系。现在分词动作与谓语动作同时发生用一般式ding；如果现在分词的动作发生在谓语动作之前，表示已经完成，表示主动就用having dne，表示被动就用having been dne。
Walking alng the street，I met a friend f mine.
沿着大街走时，我碰到了我的一个朋友。
Having finished their wrk，they went hme t have a rest.完成工作后，他们回家休息一下。
(2) 过去分词作状语时，过去分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间的关系是被动关系。
Given mre attentin，the tree culd have grwn better.如果给予更多的关注，小树本来能够长得更好一些。
Grwn in rich sil，these seeds can grw fast.
如果种在肥沃的土壤里，这些种子能长得很快。
[即学即练4] 单句语法填空
① (impress) by the beautiful scenery，I frgt t g back hme in time.
② (lk) ut f the windw，I fund many children playing n the playgrund.
【答案】1.Impressed 2.Lking
Ⅰ.单句语法填空
1．Bth he and I are (satisfy) with the result.
2．The news was (excite) and they were all (excite) at it.
3．We all felt (encurage) at the (encurage) news.
4．When (face) with difficulties，we must try t vercme them.
5．If (give) better attentin，the serius accident culd have been avided.
6．The hspital has recently btained new medical equipment， (allw) mre patients t be treated.
7． (fund) in the early 20th century，the schl keeps n inspiring children's lve f art.
8．Much time (spend) sitting at a desk，ffice wrkers are generally trubled by health prblems.
9． (absrb) in painting，Jhn didn't ntice evening appraching.
10． (raise)in the prest area f Glasgw，he had a lng，hard rad t becming a ftball star.
【答案】1.satisfied 2.exciting 3.encuraged ，encuraging4.faced 5.given 6.allwing 7.Funded 8.spent 9.Absrbed 10.Raised
基础写作扬帆起航
假如你是李华，你的朋友Tm 5月22日来信询问你毕业前的一次旅游经历。请你根据下面提示给他回一封80词左右的电子邮件。
1．由学生会组织。
2．一部分人愿意乘公交车；另一部分人喜欢步行；最后大家被说服骑自行车。
3．美丽的风景让人难以忘怀。
4．感受：这次旅游增进了友谊，提高了关心自然环境的意识。
注意：1.可适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
2．开头和结尾已给出，不计入总词数。
Dear Tm，
Hw happy I am t receive yur letter.





Best wishes.
Yurs，
Li Hua
[参考范文]
Dear Tm,
Hw happy I am t receive yur letter.Nw I will tell yu smething abut the trip rganized by ur Students' Unin.Sme f us preferred t take a bus while thers were fnd f walking，and finally we were persuaded t cycle.
When we gt there，we were greatly impressed by its beautiful view.All kinds f butterflies were flying freely in the valley，the entire muntain was cvered with beautiful flwers，and the air there was pleasant t breathe；as a result，we culdn't wait t walk int nature.
Thugh we were tired，it was the trip that imprved ur friendship and raised ur awareness t care abut the envirnment.
Best wishes.
Yurs，
Li Hua

【过关检测】
单词拼写。
With all the smke and nise, it must have been fairly _______________(令人不愉快的) fr the chefs.
Even if cnflicts________________(发生，出现) nw and then, they never lst their temper.
Shrtly after suffering frm a _______________(巨大的) lss, the cmpany tk n a new lk with the help f the assciatin.
Prir t the pening ceremny, there are_______________(真正地) hundreds f prizes t win.
The bld man gt ut f _______________(呼吸) after running a lng way and he had t stp halfway.
With that in mind, we are______________(一定会)t find ut ur favrite cuisine.
The muntain village has exceptinal __________________(景色).
The canteen where we ate was really________________(很好的).
T everyne’s relief, the results have been smewhat ________________(惊人的).
The ______________(山峰) is envelped in cluds, which, I think, is ideal scenery.
Despite apparent _________________(最精彩的部分), the cuisine needs imprving.
The fire______________(演习) if f fundamental imprtance.
They had t enter the canteen t prtect themselves frm the ____________(极冷的)wind and snw.
I can’t _______________(预料)hw many parts his stry will cnsist f.
She picked me a_______________(束) f flwers n her way back regardless f the heavy rain.
My pet dg always hides and chews smething under the bed when it ______________(打雷).
Lack f winter rain and ________________(霜) left the live dry.
He helped the mdest man t get acrss the _________________(边境).
They suggest lengthening the sleep________________(持续时间) in mderatin.
He saw categries f gds were at the ______________(港口).
He is mtivated t_______________(注册) in ne mre curse.
Seeing frm the peak, we caught sight f an abandned ___________________(采石场).
He seems t be giving the _______________(印象)that he can live up t ur expectatin.
It was a ________________(巨石的) huse with beautiful surrundings.
T their __________________(满意), their sn participated in the research.
_______________(相反的) t ppular belief, many cats dislike dairy prducts.
Yu shuld try t be a mdest man _______________(无论如何).
I ften travel t awesme places and wrk__________(与一起) interesting peple frm all ver the wrld.
He entered the cafeteria and _______________(继续)t enjy whatever attracted him.
Realizing the trick, she let ut a cry f ___________________(吃惊).
He arse frm his armchair t see if it was still _________________(多雾的).
Frm dawn t _________________(黄昏), he is engaged in his research.
As far as I am cncerned, the ___________________(广告)still needs t be imprved.
His wrking experience in a British firm has affected his ________________(口音).
I’m afraid I lst my temper yesterday. I think I_____________(欠) yu an aplgy.
I’d like t prpse a ________________(干杯) t yur participatin.
I suggest yu make yur article reasnable and _________________(有条理的).
短语填空。
Literally speaking, all the way, be typical f, arise frm, take sb’s breath away, be bund t, in additin t, hme t, g thrugh, a bunch f, a massive amunt f, be satisfied with, be impressed by, , be unique t, date back t, , prcessed t, in cntrast t, n the cntrary, be astnished at, dream f, at dusk, be available fr
Overall, the fire last mnth __________________________the lss f respnsibility.
______________________400 categries f cral and 1500 species f fish, the Great Barrier Reef draws visitrs frm all ver the wrld.
The man with______________________ flwers in his hand was smewhat surprised t see me.
After __________________ a lt f hardships fr many years, the yung man nw lives a stable life.
The man used small talk as a way f getting t knw the elegant wman,________________passing the time.
We chatted happily________________________t the prt.
Overall, bth f us had the qualities and virtues that _______________________American actrs.
The view was ideal enugh t__________________when I was travelling amng the muntains.
I hld the firm belief that yu__________________achieve yur dream f being an excellent chef.
___________________, adding ingredients is a must when we are cking.
The audience________________________his awesme perfrmance.
These animals cnsumed__________________vegetatin(植被), which reduced the plant diversity in the park.
The cuple___________________the healthy meals served in the canteen.
In summary, I regularly_______________my views_____________thse f thers.
Tm denies the view that the custm______________________the time when men wre swrds.
Such fantastic scenery_____________________________the island.
Sme peple live t climb t the peak, sme peple live nly t___________________it while thers live t avid ever climbing at all.
He had thught his ambitin culd be achieved, but___________________, he failed.
They didn’t anticipate there______________n mre tickets _____________the perfrmance.
He________________his gd health_______________his healthy lifestyle and ptimistic attitude t life.
______________________he reached Trnt, which lies near the brder.
Everyne present _________________________the way he treated the surrunding peple.
The chef’s rude behavir is usually_______________________his handsme appearance.
She returned frm the freezing wind and then______________________have a chat with her sn.
单句语法填空。
He tricked us int believing that the rad twisted uphill all________way.
With a lt f wrk________________(d), the wrkers felt exceptinally stressed.
The prfessr__________________(highlight) the imprtance f mderatin.
The brand is imprving, with mre custmers_______________(recgnize) its service.
The hungry man is nw__________________(pleasant) enjying the sausage.
There was a _________________(mass) rise in the need fr pearls in this regin.
They reached the cmpany ut_______________breath and smewhat anxius.
Once the cntract ends, the bld yung man will be bund_______________France.
The abrupt________________(freeze) rainfall made the gun wet.
I have never anticipated there_______________(be) a chance fr me t taste the ham cked by yu.
The chef signed his name n the cntract f three years’ _______________(during).
The wrkers set ff as planned, regardless f the_______________(frst) air.
My tutr als said he was_______________(impress) by the patritic plt f the mvie.
Antiques_______________(date)frm the Ming Dynasty (1368-1644) were fund in this area.
As far as I am cncerned, this will be_____________unique adventure.
Only qualified members can enrl_______________the club.
I wasn’t satisfied_____________the surrundings in my cmmunity.
Cntrary___________all expectatins, the man gave his gal up.
She finished washing the dishes and then prceeded______________(eat) the dessert.
We were astnished _______________(hear) what she had been engaged in.
We reached ur destinatin which lies near the brder at a________________(mist) dawn.
Frm dawn __________dusk, he devtes himself t imprving the craft.
That secnd-hand table____________________(advertise) n the Internet was literally a real bargain.
It was the first time that I had met a _________________(phtgraph) whse phts tk my breath away.
They prpsed a tast_______________the new prject f the assciatin.
The dream f_____________(becme) rich quickly attracted quantities f peple.
The phtgrapher culd nt talk___________________(cherent) after the accident.
单元语法。
Bth he and I are________________(satisfy) with the writer’s craft.
The girl accepted a bunch f rses, deeply________________(mve).
_______________(fill) with curisity, the artist packed his bags and left.
As yu knw, nce________________(pur), water cannt be taken back.
______________(see) thse pictures, he culdn’t help thinking f thse days in the dairy.
The news frm the mall was_____________and they were all_______________at it.(excite)
The chefs all felt_____________at the ________________news.(encurage)
Generally speaking, when_______________(take) accrding t the directins, the drug has n side effects.
When _____________(ask) abut the secret f his success, the famus athlete said that it resulted frm his wife and children’s cnsistent supprt.
Clearly and thughtfully _________________(write), the recipe bk inspires cnfidence in learners wh wish t seek their wn answers.
【答案】一．1.unpleasant 2.arse 3.massive 4.literally 5.breath 6.bund 7.scenery 8.awesme 9.spectacular 10.peak 11.highlights 12.drill 13.freezing 14.anticipate 15.bunch 16.thunders 17.frst 18.brder 19.duratin 20.harbur 21.enrl 22.quarry 23.impressin 24.massive 25.satisfactin 26.Cntrary 27.anyhw 28.alngside 29.prceeded 30.astnishment 31.misty 32.dusk 33.advertisement 34.accent 35.we 36.tast 37.cherent
二．1.arse frm 2.Hme t 3.a bunch f 4.ging thrugh 5.in additin t 6.all the way 7.are typical f 8.take my breath away 9.are bund t 10. Literally speaking 11.was impressed by 12.a massive amunt f 13.were satisfied with 14.cmpare, with 15.dates back t 16.is unique t 17.dream f 18.n the cntrary 19.were, available fr 20.wes, t 21.At dusk 22.was astnished at 23.in cntrast t 24.prceeded t
三．1.the 2.t d 3.highlighted 4.recgnizing 5.pleasantly 6.massive 7.f 8.fr 9.freezing 10.being 11.duratin 12.frsty 13.impressed 14.dating 15.a 16.n 17.with 18.t 19.t eat 20.t hear 21.misty 22.t 23.advertised 24.phtgrapher 25.t 26.becming 27.cherently
四．1.satisfied 2.mved 3.Filled 4.pured 5.Seeing 6.exciting; excited 7.encuraged; encuraging 8.taken 9.asked 10.written
【真题演练】
(2020年新高考全国I卷英语 山东卷)C
In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind. A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that. Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea: Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea. It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way: Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid wrkers.
This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral(葬礼)fllwed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.
Mr Bissell skillfully rganizes histrical insights and cultural references, making his tale a well-runded picture f Uzbekistan, seen frm Western eyes. His judgment and references are decidedly American, as well as his delicate stmach. As the authr explains, this is neither a travel nr a histry bk, r even a piece f reprtage. Whatever it is, the result is a fine and vivid descriptin f the purest f Central Asian traditins.
8. What made Mr Bissell return t Uzbekistan?
A. His friends' invitatin.B. His interest in the cuntry.
C. His lve fr teaching.D. His desire t regain health.
9. What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?
A Develping a serius mental disease.
B. Taking a guided tur in Central Asia.
C. Wrking as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan.
D. Writing an article abut the Aral Sea.
10. Which f the fllwing best describes Mr Bissell's rad trip in Uzbekistan?
A. Rmantic.B. Eventful.C. Pleasant.D. Dangerus.
11. What is the purpse f this text?
A. T intrduce a bk.B. T explain a cultural phenmenn.
C. T remember a writer.D. T recmmend a travel destinatin.
【答案】8. B 9. D 10. B 11. A
本文是记叙文。文章讲述了Bissell写的《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》这本书。这本书是Bissell在乌兹别克斯坦做志愿者后写的，是对乌兹别克斯坦人生活的一个快速观察。
8B【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段的”A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry. he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Ara Sea”可知，几年后，Bissell仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章。因此推断出对这个国家的兴趣让Bissell先生再次返回乌兹别克斯坦。故选B。
9D【解析】词句猜测题。划线句是第二段首句，that用来指代上文提的事情，因此推断that指代第一段的内容，根据第一段最后一句”A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea(几年后，仍然被这个国家所吸引。他回到乌兹别克斯坦写了一篇关于咸海消失的文章)”可知，that指代写了一篇关于死海消失的文章这件事，故选D。
10B【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段”This is a quick lk at life in Uzbekistan, made f friendliness and warmth, but als its darker side f sciety. In Samarkand, Mr Bissell admires the architectural wnders, while n his way t Bukhara he gets a taste f plice methds when suspected f drug dealing. In Ferghana, he attends a muntain funeral(葬礼)fllwed by a strange drinking party. And in Karakalpakstan, he is saddened by the dust strms, diseases and fishing bats stuck miles frm the sea.”可知，在乌兹别克斯坦的旅途中，Mr Bissell既体会到了友善和温暖，也看到了社会的黑暗面。在撒马尔罕，Mr Bissell欣赏到了的建筑奇观。在前往布哈拉的路上，他因为被怀疑进行毒品交易，他尝到了警察的伎俩。在费尔干纳，他参加了一个山区葬礼，然后参加了一个奇怪的酒会。在卡拉卡尔帕克斯坦，他为沙尘暴、疾病和被困在数英里外的渔船而难过。由此可知，在旅途中，他经历了很多事情。结合选项，B选项(充满事件的，多事的)可以表达此意。故选B。
11A【解析】推理判断题。文章第一段提到书的作者的乌兹别克斯坦之行，引出他写的书，接下来三段讲述了他的书《追逐大海:迷失在中亚帝国的幽灵》的故事内容，是乌兹别克斯坦生活的一个快速观察。因此推断本文的写作目的是介绍一本书。故选A。
(2020年新高考全国I卷英语 山东卷)D
Accrding t a recent study in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research, bth the size and cnsumptin habits f ur eating cmpanins can influence ur fd intake. And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins(份), it's the beanples with big appetites yu really need t avid.
T test the effect f scial influence n eating habits the researchers cnducted tw experiments. In the first, 95 undergraduate wmen were individually invited int a lab t stensibly(表面上)participate in a study abut mvie viewership. Befre the film began, each wman was asked t help herself t a snack. An actr hired by the researchers grabbed her fd first. In her natural state, the actr weighed 105 punds. But in half the cases she wre a specially designed fat suit which increased her weight t 180 punds.
Bth the fat and thin versins f the actr tk a large amunt f fd. The participants fllwed suit, taking mre fd than they nrmally wuld have. Hwever, they tk significantly mre when the actr was thin.
Fr the secnd test, in ne case the thin actr tk tw pieces f candy frm the snack bwls. In the ther case, she tk 30 pieces. The results were similar t the first test: the participants fllwed suit but tk significantly mre candy when the thin actr tk 30 pieces.
The tests shw that the scial envirnment is extremely influential when we're making decisins. If this fellw participant is ging t eat mre, s will I. Call it the “I’ll have what she's having” effect. Hwever, we'll adjust the influence. If an verweight persn is having a large prtin, I'll hld back a bit because I see the results f his eating habits. But if a thin persn eats a lt, I'll fllw suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can't I?
12. What is the recent study mainly abut?
A. Fd safety.B. Mvie viewership.
C. Cnsumer demand.D. Eating behavir.
13. What des the underlined wrd “beanples” in paragraph 1 refer t?
A. Big eaters.B. Overweight persns.
C. Picky eaters.D. Tall thin persns.
14. Why did the researchers hire the actr?
A. T see hw she wuld affect the participants.
B. T test if the participants culd recgnize her.
C. T find ut what she wuld d in the tw tests.
D. T study why she culd keep her weight dwn.
15. On what basis d we “adjust the influence” accrding t the last paragraph?
A. Hw hungry we are.B. Hw slim we want t be.
C. Hw we perceive thers.D. Hw we feel abut the fd.
【答案】12. D 13. D 14. A 15. C
本文是说明文。最近的研究表明：我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。文章详述了这个实验的过程。
12D【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“Accrding t a recent study in the Jurnal f Cnsumer Research, bth the size and cnsumptin habits f ur eating cmpanins can influence ur fd intake”可知，根据消费者研究杂志最近的一项研究，我们的饮食伙伴的大小和消费习惯都会影响我们的食物摄入量。因此这项研究是关于饮食行为的。故选D。
13D【解析】词义猜测题。根据前半句“And cntrary t existing research that says yu shuld avid eating with heavier peple wh rder large prtins（份）”可知，现有的研究认为：你应该避免和体重较重、点大份饭菜的人一起吃饭。后半句认为，你真正应该避免的是the beanples with big appetites。由cntrary t可推断出，画线词和heavier peple（超重的人）相反，结合选项，D选项（瘦瘦高高的人）正好和heavier peple正好相反。故选D。
14A【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段的“T test the effect f scial influence n eating habits, the researchers cnducted tw experiments”可知， 为了测试社会影响对饮食习惯的影响，研究人员进行了两个实验。根据倒数第三段的内容可知，在两个实验中，胖的和瘦的演员都吃了大量的食物。参与者也照做，吃的食物比平常多。 然而，当演员是瘦的时候，参与者们服用的食物更多。由此推断，研究人员雇用演员是为了看看她如何影响参与者。故选A。
15C【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段中的“If an verweight persn is having a large prtin, I’ll hld back a bit because I see the results f his eating habits. But if a thin persn eats a lt, I’ll fllw suit. If he can eat much and keep slim, why can’t I? ”可知，如果一个超重的人吃很大一份，我会忍住一点，因为我看到了他饮食习惯的结果。但如果一个瘦的人吃很多，我会跟着做。如果他吃得多保持苗条，为什么我不能呢？ 因此推断我们是根据我们对他人的看法（即：如何看待他人）来调整影响的。故选C。

(2022届广东省佛山市高三普通高中4月教学质量检测)D
The time a persn spends n different smartphne apps is enugh t identify them frm a larger grup in mre than ne in three cases, say researchers.
Researchers analyzed smartphne data frm 780 peple. They fed 4,680 days f app usage data int statistical mdels. Each f these days was paired with ne f the 780 users s that the mdels learned peple’s daily app use patterns.
The researchers then tested whether mdels culd identify an individual when prvided with nly a single day f smartphne activity that was annymus (匿名的). The mdels, which were trained n nly six days f app usage data per persn, culd identify the crrect persn frm a day f annymus data ne third f the time.
That might nt sund like much, but when the mdels predict wh the data belnged t, it culd als prvide a list f the mst t the least likely candidates. It was pssible t view the tp 10 mst likely individuals that a specific day f data belnged t. Arund 75% f the time, the crrect user wuld be amng the tp 10 mst likely candidates.
In practical terms, a law enfrcement (执法机构) investigatin seeking t identify a criminal’s new phne with these mdels culd reduce a candidate pl f apprximately 1,000 phnes t 10 phnes, with a 25% risk f missing them.
Cnsequently, the researchers warn that sftware given access t a smartphne’s standard activity lgging culd make a reasnable predictin abut a user’s identity even when they were lgged-ut f their accunt. An identificatin is pssible withut mnitring cnversatins r behavirs within apps themselves.
Therefre, it is imprtant t acknwledge that app usage data alne, which is ften cllected by a smartphne autmatically, can ptentially reveal a persn’s identity. While prviding new pprtunities fr law enfrcement, it als pses risks t privacy if this type f data is misused.
12. What is the purpse f the passage?
A. T explain a phenmenn.
B. T cnfirm an assumptin.
C. T shw a research prcess.
D. T present a research finding.
13. Hw did the researchers reach their cnclusin?
A. By recrding app use time.
B. By studying app usage data.
C. By cmparing different apps.
D. By changing app use patterns.
14. What is the functin f the statistical mdels?
A. Lcating criminals.
B. Tracking usage f apps.
C. Identifying phne users.
D. Predicting trends f apps.
15. What is the authr’s attitude twards app usage data?
A. Cautius.B. Favrable.C. Dubtful.D. Uninterested.
【答案】12. D 13. B 14. C 15. A
本文是说明文。文章讲述了研究表明一个人使用智能手机应用程序留下的数据可以泄露个人身份。
12D【解析】推理判断题。根据第一段内容“The time a persn spends n different smartphne apps is enugh t identify them frm a larger grup in mre than ne in three cases, say researchers.( 研究人员表示，在超过三分之一的案例中，一个人在不同的智能手机应用程序上花费的时间足以从一个更大的群体中识别出他们。)”以及下文对这项研究的讲述可知，本文的目的是呈现一项研究发现。故选D。
13B【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段内容“Researchers analyzed smartphne data frm 780 peple. They fed 4,680 days f app usage data int statistical mdels. Each f these days was paired with ne f the 780 users s that the mdels learned peple’s daily app use patterns.( 研究人员分析了780人的智能手机数据。他们将4680天的应用使用数据输入到统计模型中。每天与780名用户中的一名进行配对，以便于这些模型可以了解人们的日常应用使用模式。)”可推断，研究人员通过研究应用程序的使用数据来得出结论。故选B。
14C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段内容“The researchers then tested whether mdels culd identify an individual when prvided with nly a single day f smartphne activity that was annymus (匿名的). The mdels, which were trained n nly six days f app usage data per persn, culd identify the crrect persn frm a day f annymus data ne third f the time.(研究人员随后测试，当只提供一天的匿名智能手机活动时，模型能否识别出个人。这些模型只接受了六天的应用程序使用数据训练，就可以在这个时间的三分之一的时间里从一天的匿名数据中识别出正确的人。)”可知，这些模型的功能是识别手机用户。故选C。
15A【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Therefre, it is imprtant t acknwledge that app usage data alne, which is ften cllected by a smartphne autmatically, can ptentially reveal a persn’s identity. While prviding new pprtunities fr law enfrcement, it als pses risks t privacy if this type f data is misused.( 因此，认识到仅仅是应用程序使用数据，这经常是智能手机自动收集的，就可能会泄露一个人的身份是重要的。在为执法提供新机会的同时，如果这类数据被滥用，也会给隐私带来风险。)”可推断，作者对待应用程序使用数据的态度是谨慎的。故选A。过去分词
表示人自身的感受或事物自身的状态，常译作“感到……的”
现在分词
表示事物具有的特性，常译作“令人……的”