初中英语中考复习 中考英语一轮专题复习 动词时态【教案】

  动词时态教案

【教学目标】

要求学生重点掌握常用的六种时态的用法。

【教学重点难点】

在具体语境、特殊语境中时态的运用

【知识梳理】

一、对一般现在时考查

(1)表示经常性或习惯性发生的动作或存在的状态，常与表频度的时间状语连用。如：

My mother often does housework. 我妈妈经常做家务。

My father goes to work every day. 我爸爸每天都去上班。

(2)描述现在的状态、能力、性格等。如：

She is very tired now. 她现在很累。

He speaks Russian very well. 他俄语讲得非常好。

(3)描述客观真理、客观存在或科学事实等。如：

The light travels faster than the sound. 光比声音传播得快。

The sun rises in the east.太阳从东方升起。

【注意】在宾语从句中，即使主句是一般过去时，但从句表示客观真理、客观存在或科学事实时，从句依然用一般现在时。如：

The teacher told us that the earth is round yesterday.

昨天老师告诉我们地球是圆的。

(4)在时间、条件状语从句中，用一般现在时表示将来。

I want to be a policeman when I grow up in the future.

我将来长大了要当一名警察。

I’ll ring you up if he comes back tomorrow.

如果他明天回来，我会给你打电话。

(5)在以here, there开头的句子中常用一般现在时代替现在进行时。

Here comes the bus! 汽车来了！

There goes the bell! 铃响了！

(6)一般现在时常出现在格言或警句中。

All roads lead to Rome. 条条大道通罗马。

One is never too old to learn. 活到老，学到老。

【考例】The woman and her husband __________in the same office. [广东]

A. work     B. works      C. is working     D. has worked

[答案]A．

二、对一般过去时的考查

(1)表示过去发生的动作或存在的状态。如：

She visited the Great Wall yesterday. 昨天她去游览长城了。

They went to England for a holiday last summer. 去年夏天他们去英国度假了。

(2)表示过去经常发生的动作或存在的状态。

He went to the hospital once a week last year. 去年他每周去医院一次。

She often went to school by bike when she studied there. 

她在那里学习的时候，经常骑自行车去上学。

(3)用于虚拟语气句中，表示与现在事实相反的情况。

If I were you, I would take a small present.

如果我是你的话，我就会带上一件小礼物。

If I won a million dollars, I’d give it to charities.

要是我赢了一百万美元，我要把它捐给慈善机构。

【注意】在虚拟条件句If I were you...中， were不能改为was。

【考例1】—What did you do after school yesterday?

—I ________basketball with my friends．[北京]

A .play    B. played     C .will play     D. am playing

[答案]B

【考例2】—Mr. Green，____you ____Three Lanes and Seven Alleys (三坊七巷) last Sunday?

—No，but I’ll visit them next week.   [福州]

A. will；go to     B. have；been to   C did；go to  D．have；gone to  [答案]C

【考例3】His family         the zoo last week. [吉林]

A. visit      B. am visiting    C. visited     D. will visit  [答案] C

三、对一般将来时的考查

(1)be going to和will表示将要发生的动作或存在的状态，主语一般为人。如：

We’re going to have a meeting to discuss the plan. 我们打算开会讨论这个计划。

She will reach here by car at five o’clock this afternoon.

今天下午五点她将乘车到达这里。

【注意】若表示经过一定的计划安排之后打算做某事，要用be going to，而不能用will。如：

My brother is going to learn English next year. 我哥哥准备明年学习英语。

(2)be going to表示根据主观判断将来肯定要发生的事情， will表示客观上将来势必发生的事情。主语可以是人也可以是物。如：

Look at the dark clouds！It’s going to rain. 看那乌云！看来马上要下雨了。

My head hurts badly. I’m afraid I’m going to have a bad cold.

我头疼得厉害，恐怕要得重感冒了。

He will be twenty years old next year. 明年他就要20岁了。

(3)在含有时间、条件状语从句的复合句中，主句用一般将来时，从句用一般现在时来代替将来时。如：

I will call you as soon as your daughter comes back.

你女儿一回来，我就给你打电话。

He will come if it doesn’t rain. 如果不下雨，他会来的。

(4)此外，一些表示位置移动的动词，如go, come, leave, arrive, fly, start, move, sail, travel等，常用现在进行时表示即将发生的动作。如：

I am coming to see you. 我要来看你。

She is leaving for Paris tomorrow. 明天她将前往巴黎。

【考例1】I__________the CDs to you if I have time tomorrow．[北京]

A. will return     B returned      C have returned  D return [答案]A

【考例2】—Mum, what are you doing?

—Your uncle has come. I_______ put an extra fork on the table. [太原]

A. will             B. have           C. would  [答案]A

【考例3】—Look at the noisy kids!

—Haven’t you heard the saying “When the cat is away, the mice ________. “? [河南]

A. play           B. played         C. are playing     D. will play  [答案] D

四、对现在进行时的考查w

(1)表示说话时或目前正在进行的动作。如：

I’m watching TV. 我正在看电视。

She is reading a book. 她正在看书。

(2)与always, usually, forever等词连用，表示赞扬、厌恶或不满的情绪。如：

He is always helping others. We all like him. (赞扬)

他乐于助人，我们都喜欢他。

You are usually playing computer games. (不满)

你通常都是在玩电脑游戏。

【注意】下列动词通常不用于现在进行时：

(1)表示感觉、情感、心理活动的动词，如see, hear, listen, look, smell, taste,

notice, seem, hate, like, love, want, wish等；

(2)表示所有或占有的动词，如have, own, belong等；

(3)表示理解、记忆或决定的动词，如forget, remember, understand, believe, know,

decide等。

【考例】Jack has never been to Disneyland before, but he _______there this summer. [沈阳市]

A. has been    B. is going     C. went       D. goes  [答案]B

五、对过去进行时考查

(1)过去进行时表示过去某个时刻或某段时间正在进行的动作，而一般过去时表示一个完成了的动作。如：

I was watering my flowers at nine yesterday morning.

昨天上午九点我正在给花浇水。

I watered my flowers yesterday. 昨天我浇花了。

(2)直接引语变间接引语时，要变为过去进行时。如：

She said she was listening to music. 她说她正在听音乐。

She told me that she was swimming. 她告诉我说她正在游泳。

【考例1】—Dick gave me a note while I ___________in the library．

—I guess he made it to say“sorry”to you．[黄冈]

A. are reading     B. was reading      C. reads     D. will read  [答案]B

【考例2】—I called you at half past nine this morning, but there was no answer.

  —Oh, sorry. I  ________ with my cousin in the supermarket. [安徽]

A. shop          B. was shopping  C. shopped       D. will shop  [答案]B

六、对现在完成时的考查

(1)表示过去发生的动作对现在造成的影响和结果，常与already(已经), just(刚

才), yet(然而), ever(曾经), never(从不), so far(到现在为止), up till now(到现在为止), recently(最近), lately(最近), before(以前), in the past(last)...years(在过去的……年里)等连用，此时要求句中的谓语动词为短暂性动词。如：

She has already finished the work. 她已经完成了这项工作。

I haven’t met him before.我以前没有见过他。

(2)表示动作从过去开始一直持续到现在，并有可能继续下去，常与“for＋时

间段”或“since＋表过去的时间点”连用，此时要求句中的动词为延续性动词。如：I have worked in the school for about ten years. 我在这所学校工作约10年了。

He has studied English since 10 years ago. ＝He has studied English for 10 years.

(3)短暂性动词的现在完成时在肯定句中不能和表示一段时间的状语连用，但

在否定句中可以和一段时间连用，因为否定句表示的是状态。如：

I haven’t seen him for a long time. 我好久没有看见他了。

She hasn’t received his letter for three years. 她已经三年没有收到过他的信了。

(4) have gone to, have been to, have been in/at的区别

①“have gone to＋地点”表示某人去了某地，现在没有回来，可能在去的途

中，或已经到了目的地。如：

He has gone to Lanzhou. 他到兰州去了。

He has gone to Dalian. 他去了大连。

②“have been to＋地点”表示某人去过某地，此时人已回到说话处。常与

twice(两次), several times(几次), ever(曾经)或never(从未)等词组或副词搭配。如：

The old American man has been to China three times.

这位美国老人到过中国三次。

Where have you been? 你去过哪儿？

③“have(has)been at(in)＋地点”含义为：在某地待了多久，后面须用表示一

段时间的状语。如：

He has been in the village for ten years. 他在村子里住了10年了。

How long have you been in Paris? 你在巴黎待了多久了？

【注意】如果have(has)been后接的是地点副词here, there时，不用介词at或in。如：We have been here for about two hours. 我们在这里大约两个小时了。

【考例1】Hearing that she ______the entrance exam to the university，Fudy is thrilled. [青岛]

A. has failed in    B. is succeeded in  C. is failed in  D. has succeed in

[答案]D

【考例2】—It’s raining! When did it start?

         —I don’t know exactly. In fact, it  _________ all this afternoon. [北京]

1. lasts      B. has lasted     C. lasted      D. will last [答案]B

【考例3】—Are you going to see the film with us?

 —No, thanks. I  _________ it. [广东省]

A. saw        B. have seen        C. see      D. was seeing

 [答案] B

七、对过去完成时考查

(1)表示在过去某一时间或动作以前已经发生或完成的动作。它所表示的动作发生的时间是“过去的过去”。如：

By the time we arrived, the meeting had already begun.

在我们到达时，会议已经开始了。

By the end of last term, we had learned 2，000 new words.

到上学期期末为止，我们已经学了2 000个生词了。

(2)过去完成时还可以表示从过去某一时间开始并持续到过去某一时间的动作或状态，常与since短语、从句或for短语连用。如：

The teacher had taught in that school for more than ten years before he came to our school. 这位老师在来我们学校之前，已经在那所学校教了10多年书了。

I saw my deskmate yesterday. We hadn’t seen each other since we left school.

昨天我看见了我过去的同桌。自从我们毕业后彼此就没有再见过面了。

(3)用在told, said, knew, heard, thought等动词后的宾语从句中。如：

She said (that) she had never been to New York. 她说她从没有去过纽约。

He thought that he had made a few mistakes in the exam.

他认为自己在考试中犯了几个错误。

(4)出现在以when, after, before等引导的状语从句中。

在过去不同的时间发生的两个动作中，发生在前的动作所在的句子用过去完成时；发生在后的动作所在句子用一般过去时。如：

When the police arrived, the thieves had run away.

当警察到的时候，贼已经逃跑了。

Before he came here, he had studied in the USA for 2 years. 

在来这儿之前，他已在美国学习了两年。

八、对过去将来时考查

(1)在叙述过去的事情或事情发生的经过时，用过去将来时表示在当时看来将会发生的事。如：

It was May 30th. Mike had just left his home. He was going to fish in the river with his friend, so he decided to call his friend first. 那是5月30号，迈克刚离开家，他打算和朋友一起去河边钓鱼，于是他决定先给朋友打电话。

(2)用于主句为一般过去时，宾语从句表示将要发生的事情或曾经打算要做的事情。如：

He asked when the meeting would end. 他问会议何时会结束。

I thought it was going to rain. 我(当时)认为要下雨。

(3)表示位置移动的动词，如come, go, leave, arrive等，可用过去进行时表示在过去某时看来将要发生的动作。如：

She said she was leaving for Beijing that week. 她说那周她要去北京。

【板书设计】

【教后反思】