高中外研版 (2019)Unit 1 A new start备课课件ppt
展开5. What we need is fd. (从句)6. The pr are everywhere in sme cuntries. (the +形容词)
2)谓语(predicate)谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态,说明主语“做什么”,“是什么”,“怎么样”。谓语必须是动词,体现时态和语态,一般放在主语之后。谓语分简单谓语和复合谓语:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成。如: He practices running every mrning.2、复合谓语:a.由情态动词+动词原形或其他助动词加动词某种形式构成。 如:He can speak English.
b. 助动词:帮助构成时态和语态,不同时态有不同的助动词,后加动词的某种形式构成谓语。He desn't like speaking Chinese.I have seen the film befre.He didn't finish his hmewrk last night.
3) 表语(predicative)表语用以说明主语是什么或怎么样,它一般位于系动词之后,构成主系表结构,说明主语的状况,性质,特征等。常见的系动词:1. 表状态:be2. 表感官:lk, sund, smell, taste, feel3. 表变化:becme, grw, turn, fall, get, g4. 表持续,保持:keep, remain, stay5. 表似乎,像:seem,appear
例子:划线部分均为表语:•1. I am a teacher. (名词)•2. I am ten. (数词)•3. He became rich and successful. (形容词) •4. They are at hme nw. ( 介词短语)
4)宾语(bject)宾语:表示动作所涉及的对象,内容或承受者。宾语的种类:动宾:动词+宾语 介宾:介词+宾语例子:划线部分为宾语。1. He is playing the pian.(名词)2. He ften helps me.(代词)3. He likes t watch TV. (动词不定式)4. He likes watching TV. (动词ing)
5)宾语补足语 英语中有些句子只有宾语并不能表达完整的意思,还必须在宾语的后面加上宾语补足语才能表达完整的意思。我们把“宾语+宾语补足语”称为复合宾语。例子:划线部分为宾语补足语1. We called him Dngming.(名词)2. We saw him playing sccer. (现在分词)3. We saw him play sccer. (省t不定式)4. We fund math difficult.(形容词)
6) 状语(adverbial) 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句的句子成分, 说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的,比较等,可用作状语的有副词, 不定式, 分词, 介词短语, 从句等。1. Tm runs quickly.2. I get up at six every day.3. I play sccer very well.4. In the classrm, the by needs a pen.5. Having t finish his hmewrk, the by needs a pen.6. The by needs a pen t d his hmewrk.
7)双宾语:IO +DO直接宾语:在动词后所跟的双宾语中,表示物的叫做直接宾语direct bject(简称“直宾”),表示人的叫做间接宾语(indirect bject)。1.He read us the text. → He read the text t sister wrte me a letter. → My sister wrte a letter t me.
3.Henry teaches us English. → Henry teaches English t mther bught me a watch. → My mther bught a watch fr mther made her a cake. → Her mther made a cake fr her.
[观察句子,总结规律]
①The teacher left.②She agreed immediately.③That dg lks cute.④We study English and French.⑤Farmers grw lts f vegetables inur area.⑥He shwed me his new radi.⑦He pained the wall white.
通过观察可知:(1)①②句分别为 结构和 结构,其中作谓语的动词为 。(2)③句为 结构,其中系动词不能表达完整的意思。(3)④⑤句分别为 结构和 结构,其中作谓语的动词为 。(4)⑥句为 结构,其中指物的名词作 ,指人的名词或(5)⑦句为 结构,其中 对宾语进行补充说明。
(1)主语+谓语;主语+谓语+状语;不及物动词(2)主语+系动词+表语 (3)主语+谓语+宾语;主语+谓语+宾语+状语;及物动词 (4)主语+谓语+双宾语;直接宾语;间接宾语 (5)主语+谓语+宾语+宾补;宾语补足语
基本句型一:S+V(主+谓)基本句型二:S+V+P (主+系+表)基本句型三:S+V+O (主+谓+宾)基本句型四:S+V+IO +O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)基本句型五:S+V+O+C (主+谓+宾+宾补)
1.主 + 谓(SV) 这种句型中的谓语动词是不及物动词,没有直接宾语;但常带有状语。例如The sun is rising.太阳正在升起。 主语 谓语The little by is crying. 小男孩正在哭泣。 主语 谓语
把下列句子翻译成英语1.冬天快要来了。2.他高兴地离开了。3.他们会在三点钟到 。4.昨天他们一起去逛街。 5.他起得早是为了读英语。
2.主 + 系 + 表 英文中的系动词主要是指be动词的各种变化形式,也包括那些有时起系动词作用的实义动词。这类动词常见的有:appear(相似、显得),becme(变成) , cme(变得) , feel(摸起来) , fall(变得) , get(变得) , grw(变得) , hld(保持) , keep(保持) ,lk(看上去),remain(仍然是) , seem看起来) , stand(保持) , stay(保持) , smell(闻起来) , sund(听起来) , turn(变成) , taste(尝起来)等。
Everything lks different. 主语 系动词 表语 一切看来都不同了。Cmputers are useful [in peple’s life]. 主语 系动词 表语 状语 电脑在人们的生活中很有用。
把下列句子翻译成英语1.桌子上的那本书是我的2.阅读很有用。3.那个女孩还在办公室。4.那场篮球赛令人兴奋。5.昨晚你在家吗?
3.主语+谓语+宾语(S V O) & 主语+谓语+宾语+状语(S V O Ad)特点:谓语动词是及物动词,不能表达完整的意思,其后必须要接一个宾语,即动作的承受者。作宾语的可以是:名词、代词、动词不定式、疑问词+动词不定式、动词-ing形式和从句等。He is watching TV. 他正在看电视。主语 谓语 宾语I dn't knw hw t get there.我不知道怎么去那儿。主语 谓语 宾语
把下列句子翻译成英语1.我们已收到了他们的来信。2.他爸爸期待拥有一家工厂。3.我想知道什么时候出发。4.他每天都看报。5.我喜欢看英文电影。
4.主语+谓语+双宾语(S V IO DO)特点:谓语动词后接有两个宾语,这两个宾语都是动作的对象或承受者,其中指人的是间接宾语,指物的是直接宾语。当间接宾语放在直接宾语之后时,其前通常需要加介词fr或t。He bught me a birthday present.主语 谓语(及物动词) 间接宾语 直接宾语他给我买了一份生日礼物。 I shwed him my pictures.主语 谓语(及物动词) 间接宾语 直接宾语我给他看我的照片。
名师点津 常跟双宾语的动词:①需借助于t的动词:bring, give, lend, hand, ffer, pass, prmise, return, send, shw, teach, tell, write等;◆Please hand him a bk!=Please hand a bk t him! 请递给他一本书。②需借助于fr的动词:buy, call, ck, chse, draw, find, get, make, rder, sing, save, spare等。◆Her father bught her a bike.=Her father bught a bike fr her. 她的父亲给她买了一辆自行车。
把下列句子翻译成英语1.我父亲给我姐姐带来了一台电脑。2.张老师教我们英语。 3.他从来都不把他的车借给别人。 4.我将为你挑一份精美的礼物。 5.我承诺陪伴孩子一天。
5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S V O OC)特点:谓语动词后虽然已接有一个宾语,但意思还不完整,必须再加上另外一个成分(宾语补足语)对宾语进行补充说明。可以用作宾语补足语的有名词、形容词、不定式、动名词、分词、介词短语等。常带复合宾语结构的及物动词有:ask(请求,要求) , allw(容许) ,appint(任命) , believe(相信) , call(称) , cause(使得) , catch(发现) , cnsider(认为) , elect(选举) , expect(预期) , feel(感觉到) , find(发现) , get(使得) , have(使,让) , hear(听到) , imagine(想象) , keep(保持) , let(使) , listen t(听) , lk at(看,瞧) ,make(使) , ntice(注意到) , see(看见) , smell(闻到) , watch(注视,看) , tell(告诉)等等
5.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语(S V O OC)Mike tld me 〈nt t g nw〉. 主语 谓语(及物动词) 宾语 宾语补足语迈克告诉我不要现在走。They painted the dr 〈green〉. 主语 谓语 宾语 宾语补足语他们把门漆成绿色。
宾语和宾语补足语之间有着逻辑上的主谓关系,因此,逻辑上的主谓关系乃是本句型的特点,它不同于第四基本句型中的 "间接宾语 + 直接宾语","间接宾语 + 直接宾语"之间并无逻辑上的主谓关系。这种句型中的“宾语+宾语补足语”可统称为“复合宾语”。例:1)We elected Liu Lei mnitr. 2)The news made him unhappy. 3)I had the bike repaired.
名师点津:用it作形式宾语,而将真正的宾语放到宾语补足语的后面以使句子结构平衡,是英语常用的结构。即:“主语+谓语+it+宾补+真正宾语”。it作形式宾语,通常和下列动词连用:cnsider, think, make, find, believe, feel, guess, imagine, judge, prve, see, suppse, take等。
注意:(1)后跟名词作宾语补足语的动词有call, name, make, chse, elect, appint等。(elect, chse, appint, make, call,name等词后面跟表示职位的名词做宾语补足语时,职位名词前不要冠词)例:We call him Tm fr shrt.I made painting the huse the prject fr thesummer. (2)后跟形容词做宾语补足语的动词有keep, make, find, get, think等。例如:She thught him kind and generus.We’d better keep the windws pen.
3)动词不定式做宾语补足语有以下三种情况:1. 后跟带t的不定式作宾语补足语的动词常有ask, tell, teach, wish, warn等。例:He tld us t keep quiet in the hspital.Culd I truble yu t pen the windw?
2. 后跟不带t的不定式作宾语补足语的动词可归纳为:“吾看三室两厅一感觉”感官动词:““五看(see, watch, ntice, bserve, lkat)”、三个使役动词:(make,let, have)、两听(hear,listen t)”、 “一感觉(feel),” 变被动,t还原。例:Let me try again. I ften hear her sing in the next rm. She is ften heard t sing in the next rm.
感官动词hear,see, watch, feel, ntice, bserve等后既可接不带t的不定式作宾补,也可用v-ing形式作宾补。前者表示动作已结束,后者表示动作正在发生。试比较: a. He saw a girl get n thebus. b. He saw a girl getting n thebus.
后跟分词形式作宾语补足语的动词有find, feel , get , have , hear , keep , ntice , see , watch,make, leave等。Wefund a man lying n the grund. He saw a wman’s wallet stlen yesterday.She culdn’t make herself heard abve thenise f the traffic.
后跟介词短语作宾语补足语的动词有keep, find, take等。例:I’ll keep the wrds in my mind. I ften find him at wrk.
把下列句子翻译成英语1.我们选他做班长。2.我们认为这项工作很容易。3.请不要客气(就像在家一样)。 4.老师鼓励我们每天锻炼身体。5.刚才我看见孩子们正在河边玩。
另外注意三种句型:1. there be句型 There be 句型是英语中常用句型, 意思是"有",表示"人或事物的存在"或"某地有某物"。There在此结构中是引导词,已经没有副词"那里"的含义There be 句型中的be 应和其后出现的主语在数上一致,即“近主原则”,如:There is a lamp n the table.There are sme apples in the bwl.There are five bks, tw pens and a ruler in the schl bag.There is a ruler, tw pens and five bks in the schl bag.
2. 主语+谓语+状语(S+V+Ad)They talked [fr half an hur]. 主语 谓语 状语 他们谈了半个小时。The time passed [quickly]. 时光飞逝。 主语 谓语(不及物动词) 状语
3. 主语+谓语+宾语+状语(S+V+O+Ad) I had my first maths class [in senir high]. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语在高中我上了第一堂数学课。 I waited fr him [at the schl gate]. 主语 谓语 宾语 状语 我在校门口等他。
指出下列句子中画线部分所作的句子成分
1.Theagedare well taken care f in the village. 答案:主语2.Hemanaged tfinishthewrkn time. 答案:宾语3.Hiswish is tbecmeascientist. 答案:表语4.Greatchanges havetakenplacein China since 1980. 答案:谓语5.Henticed a man entertherm. 答案:宾语补足语
6.Wuldyu tell me yuradvice? 答案:间接宾语;直接宾语7.Ipened the windw tletsmefreshairin. 答案:状语8.Mthercks breakfast fr us every day. 答案:直接宾语;间接宾语9.Wefund him anhnestpersn. 答案:宾语补足语10.Hefeels it his duty thelpthers. 答案:形式宾语;真正的宾语
判断下列句子的类型 A.S+V B.S+V+P C.S+V+O D.S+V+IO+O E.S+V+O+C
1.She is a very gd girl.( )2.The girl is very gd.( )3.They laughed.( )4.The kites fly in the sky.( )5.I bught a new bike.( )6.He plays vlleyball.( )7.She tld me a stry.( )8.He gave me a gd bk.( )9.He asked me t help him.( )10.He made me happy.( )[答案] 8.D9.E10.E
辨别下面句子的类型1. I arrived at six last night.2. The grass turned green in spring.3. Please tell me a stry befre I g t bed.4. I bught a gd English-Chinese Dictinary yesterday.5. I fund it impssible t d it. Please keep the classrm clean and tidy.
6. Tm is an American by.7. There is ging t be a meeting tmrrw.8. I dreamed a terrible dream last night.9. The ld man wrks in a hspital.10. I'll ffer yu a gd chance as lng as yu dn t lse heart.
单句语法填空,用所给单词或适当单词的正确形式填空。1.Neither my parents nr my yunger sister _____(be) at hme shuld reflect _____ this prblem carefully befre yu make a didn't have any mney, s he decided t lk ______ a jb t supprt 's mre a talker than a der. That is _____ he never finishes anything.5.I'm sure yu'll have n truble ______( find) the mistakes in yur cmpsitin.
6.I wnder whether yu have asked ______( yu) what yu really is well-knwn that the UN is shrt ______ the United Natins.8.I knw nthing abut the incident s I refuse t cmment ______ all want t knw what ______( actual) happened last beautiful sng yu sang just nw reminded me _____ my childhd.
1. is 2. n 3. fr 4. why 5. finding 6. yurself 7. fr 8. n 9. actually 10. f/ abut
语法填空:Have yu ever asked 1________ (yu) why peple ften have truble 2 _______(study) English? I hadn't, until ne day my five-year-ld sn 3_______(ask) me whether there was ham in a hamburger. This gt me thinking hw English can be a crazy language 4_______ ( learn):Fr example , 5_____ ur free time we can sculpt a sculpture and paint a painting, but we take a pht. While we 're ding all this traveling, we can get seasick at sea, airsick in the air and carsick in a car, 6_______ we dn't get hmesick when we get back hme.
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