第1讲 阅读理解命题规律解析——【高考二轮专题复习】2023年高考英语阅读理解专题精讲精练学案（含解析）

2023高考英语二轮复习阅读理解专题对点讲练

第一讲  阅读理解命题规律解析

1. 大数据分析

大数据1　2019-2022年全国Ⅰ卷题型统计分析

大数据2　2019-2022年体裁及话题分布分析

2. 命题规律

1. 文章出处：英文原版书籍；国外期刊网站。
2. 体裁特点:考查全面,体裁题材以说明文为主, 应用文、记叙文为辅，偶尔考议论文。
3. 题型特点:题型以细节理解题和推理判断题为主,以主旨大意题和词义推断题为辅。
4. 主题语境:以人与社会为主，以人与自我、人与自然为辅。
5. 能力考查: 文章信息量大, 语篇含有多处结构复杂的长难句, 对考生的阅读速度和快速处理信息的能力要求很高。从语言能力、文化意识、思维品质及学习能力四个方面对学生的核心素养进行综合考察。

3. 命题趋势

1. 预计2023年高考阅读理解的难易度仍会保持稳定, 总体稳定, 稳中求变; 题材各异, 体裁多样; 角度趋稳,设问科学。

2. 题型仍会以细节理解题和推理判断题为主, 兼顾主旨大意题和词义推断题。

4. 备考建议

考生要加强对阅读速度及理解准确度的训练，并要重视向长文阅读的发展

5. 解题原则及解题步骤

解答阅读理解最基本的原则：忠于原文，在把握文章主题语境及主旨大意的基础上，根据题干在原文中找到确定正确选项的依据，即有理有据, 不能主观臆断（注意：一定要把答案出处在文章中画出来）

解题步骤：在理解文章主旨大意的基础上一定、二找、三比较

一定：读题干，定关键词

二找：利用关键词，结合命题顺序（题文同序原则），在文中找到信息句

三比较：将信息与选项比较，选出正确答案。

正确的答案的特征 1. 与主题吻合 2. 同义替换 3. 语气委婉，不绝对化 4. 正确答案常出现在两首（首段各段首句）两尾（尾段及各段尾句）转折词后(如but/yet/however/now等)及特殊符号处

错误选项的特征：1. 无中生有 2. 以偏概全 3. 偷换概念 4. 逻辑颠倒 5. 过度推理 6. 常识干扰 7. 绝对化

6. 真题演练

（1）                                                              

Sometime in the early 1960s, a significant thing happened in Sydney, Australia. The city discovered its harbor.Then, one after another, Sydney discovered lots of things that were just sort of there—broad parks, superb beaches, and a culturally diverse population. But it is the harbor that makes the city.

Andrew Reynolds, a cheerful fellow in his early 30s, pilots Sydney ferryboats for a living. I spent the whole morning shuttling back and forth across the harbor. After our third run Andrew shut down the engine, and we went our separate ways—he for a lunch break, I to explore the city.

“I miss these old boats,” he said as we parted.

“How do you mean?” I asked.

“Oh,they’re replacing them with catamarans.Catamarans are faster,but they’re not so elegant,and they’re not fun to pilot. But that’s progress,I guess.”

Everywhere in Sydney these days, change and progress are the watchwords (口号), and traditions are increasingly rare. Shirley Fitzgerald,the city’s official historian, told me that in its rush to modernity in the 1970s, Sydney swept aside much of its past, including many of its finest buildings. “Sydney is confused about itself,” she said.“We can’t seem to make up our minds whether we want a modern city or a traditional one.It’s a conflict that we aren’t getting any better at resolving(解决).”

On the other hand, being young and old at the same time has its attractions. I considered this when I met a thoughtful young businessman named Anthony. “Many people say that we lack culture in this country,” he told me.“What people forget is that the Italians,when they came to Australia,brought 2000 years of their culture,the Greeks some 3000 years,and the Chinese more still.We’ve got a foundation built on ancient cultures but with a drive and dynamism of a young country.It’s a pretty hard combination to beat.”

He is right, but I can’t help wishing they would keep those old ferries.

1. What is the first paragraph mainly about?

A. Sydney’s striking architecture. 

B. The cultural diversity of Sydney.

C. The key to Sydney’s development. 

D. Sydney’s tourist attractions in the 1960s.

2. What can we learn about Andrew Reynolds?

A. He goes to work by boat. 

B. He looks forward to a new life.

C. He pilots catamarans well. 

D. He is attached to the old ferries.

3. What does Shirley Fitzgerald think of Sydney?

A. It is losing its traditions. 

B. It should speed up its progress.

C. It should expand its population. 

D. It is becoming more international.

4. Which statement will the author probably agree with?

A. A city can be young and old at the same time. 

B. A city built on ancient cultures is more dynamic.

C. Modernity is usually achieved at the cost of elegance. 

D. Compromise should be made between the local and the foreign.

（2）

As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric（生物测量）technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.

Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device（装置）that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence（节奏）with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user's typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people's identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it's connected to—regardless of whether someone gets the password right.

It also doesn't require a new type of technology that people aren't already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.

In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word “touch”four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.

5. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?

   A. To reduce pressure on keys.       B. To improve accuracy in typing

   C. To replace the password system.   D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.

6. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible？

   A. Computers are much easier to operate.

   B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.

   C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.

   D. Data security measures are guaranteed.

7. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard？

   A. It’ll be environment-friendly.         B. It’ll reach consumers soon.

   C. It’ll be made of plastics.             D. It’ll help speed up typing.

8. Where is this text most likely from?

   A. A diary.      B.A guidebook     C. A novel.     D. A magazine.

学习笔记

1.重要单词及长难句分析

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_____________________________________________________________________2.我的反思总结

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