08.语法语篇填空题精练精析 -版上海名校高中自主招生英语黄金宝典

这是一份08.语法语篇填空题精练精析 -版上海名校高中自主招生英语黄金宝典，共16页。

第08讲： 语法语篇填空题训练


考点归纳、真题链接、考前巩固

v 第一套
The Spring Festival, Chinese New Year, is one of ___1___most important festivals for all of us.___2___we celebrate is the end of winter, arrival of spring, and reunion with family and relatives. Usually the Spring Festival ___3___(celebrate) for fifteen days, during which people do not work except for the workers on duty.
On New Year’s Eve all family members get together ___4___(have) a big meal. After the meal they watch TV until the clock strikes twelve. Then every family sets off fireworks ___5___(excite) to welcome the new year. On the first day of the new year, almost everyone is dressed in his or her best clothes. Friends and relatives are busy___6___(visit) each other with presents. At that time, children are the happiest because____7____can get many red packets from their relatives.
With the ___8___(improve) of living standard, people ___9___(change) the ways of celebrating the Spring Festival greatly so far. No matter how it changes, the meaning of the Spring Festival is still ___10___great significance in China.
【答案】1. the 2. What 3. is celebrated 4. to have 5. excitedly
6. visiting 7. they  8. improvement 9 have changed 10. of
【解析】
本文介绍了中国的传统节日春节以及人们如何庆祝这个重要的节日。
【1题详解】
考查最高级。most important是最高级，所以前面需要用定冠词the。
【2题详解】
考查主语从句。______we celebrate在句子中作主语，所以______we celebrate是一个主语从句，引导词在从句中作celebrate宾语，所以填What。
【3题详解】
考查时态和语态。表示经常或反复发生的事情，用一般现在时，且“春节”和“庆祝”之间是被动关系，所以用被动语态，综上所述，用一般现在时的被动语态。所以填is celebrated。
【4题详解】
考查不定式。作结果状语，用不定式，所以填to have。
【5题详解】
考查副词。修饰动词短语sets off，用副词，所以填excitedly。
【6题详解】
考查固定用法。be busy doing忙于做某事，是固定用法，所以填visiting。
【7题详解】
考查代词。在那个时候，孩子们是最快乐的，因为他们可以从他们的亲戚那里获得许多红包。表示“他们”，所以填they。
【8题详解】
考查名词。随着生活水平的提高。介词with后用名词，所以填improvement。
【9题详解】
考查时态。表示过去的动作或状态持续到现在并且已经完成，用现在完成时，所以填have changed。
【10题详解】
考查固定短语。of great significance非常重要的，是固定短语，所以填of。


v 第二套
　　In ancient China lived an artist 1. _______ paintings were almost lifelike. The artist’s reputation had made him proud. One day the emperor wanted to get his portrait (画像) done so he called all great artists to come and present their 2. _____ (fine) work, so that he could choose the best. The artist was sure he would 3. _______ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor’s chief minister, the old man laughed. The wise old man told him to travel to the Li River—perhaps he could learn a little from the greatest artist in the world.  
Filled with 4. _________ (curious), the artist packed his bags and left.5. ______he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and 6. __________(point) down the river. The next morning he hired a boat and set out 7. ______ (find) the well-known painter. As the small boat moved 8. __________(gentle) along the river he was left speechless by the mountains being silently reflected in the water. He passed milky white waterfalls and mountains in many shades of blue. And when he saw the mists rising from the river and the soft clouds 9. __________(surround) the mountain tops, he was reduced to tears. The artist was finally humbled(谦卑) by the greatest artist 10. __________ earth, Mother Nature.  
【文章大意】在古代的中国, 有一个自认为画技超群的画家, 认为自己的作品一定会被皇帝看中, 最后他才发现, 还有比自己技艺更高的存在——大自然。从中我们也应该知道, 做人应该谦虚, 虚心向他人学习。
1. 【解析】whose。考查定语从句。空格前后是两个独立的句子, 缺少连接词, 根据后面的paintings可知, 我们需要填进去的词应该和paintings构成所属关系, 填whose。
2. 【解析】finest。考查形容词最高级。空格中的词修饰的是work, 根据后文中the best可知应填fine的最高级finest。
3. 【解析】be chosen。考查语态。根据文章意思, 此处应该是被动语态, 而且前面有情态动词would其后应用动词原形, 填be chosen。
4. 【解析】curiosity。考查名词。空格处是with的宾语, 要用名词形式, curious的名词形式是curiosity。
5. 【解析】When/As。考查状语从句。这是一个主从复合句, 逗号前面是时间状语从句, 句子大概意思是: 当他问村民的时候, 他们指向江边, 应该用When或As引导。
6. 【解析】pointed。考查复合句。and连接两个谓语动词, 空格处的动词形式应和前文中的smiled一致, 填pointed。
7. 【解析】to find。考查非谓语动词。set out开始, 着手, 出发。表达的是主语的目的和行为, 应填to do不定式, 即to find。
8. 【解析】gently。考查副词, 空格处修饰的是前面的动词moved, 应用副词gently。
9. 【解析】surrounding。考查复合句, 同第6题, 根据and可知前后为两个非谓语动词并列, 与rising一致, 即surrounding。
10. 【解析】on。考查介词, 根据后文earth及语义搭配, 填on。

v 第三套
I've been taking Chinese language lessons for the past three years of high school in America．Yet nothing truly prepared me for the __1__ (real) of breathing the Chinese culture that I had the opportunity __2__(discover) this summer，Lots of things have shocked me over the course of this trip as an exchange student to China．The biggest problem I have experienced in China is __3__ very fact that I am a foreigner．I have never had the experience of __4__(be) a complete outsider before．On the way to my host family，my blonde hair and fair skin attracted quite a few curious __5__ (look)．When we went out as a group，we American students __6__ (treat) as the subject of many Chinese tourist photos．This has been a culture shock to me __7__(main) because I'm from a country __8__ seeing people of different races is quite common．No one told me the city I was to study in was much less diverse than I'd been accustomed __9__．
While __10__ took me some time to get used to the attention，I've learnt from it．It has put me on my best behaviour，as I am an ambitious girl who dreams big．
1．________ 2．________ 3．________ 4．________ 5．________
6．________ 7．________ 8．________ 9．________ 10．________
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。作者讲述了自己作为留学生在中国感受到文化冲击的经历。
1．reality
解析：在定冠词the后作介词for的宾语，应用名词。故填reality。
2．to discover
解析：the opportunity to do sth为固定用法，意为“做某事的机会”。故填to discover。
3．the
解析：句意为：我在中国经历的最大的问题就是我是一个外国人这个事实。fact在此是特指，所以应用定冠词修饰。故填the。
4．being
解析：设空处作介词的宾语，应用动名词。故填being。
5．looks
解析：look在此是名词，意为“表情”，是可数名词，又因前有quite a few修饰，所以应用名词复数。故填looks。
6．were treated
解析：treat是谓语动词，与主语之间是被动关系，且是发生在过去的动作，所以应用一般过去时的被动语态。故填were treated。
7．mainly
解析：修饰状语从句应用副词。故填mainly。
8．where
解析：____seeing people of different races is quite common是定语从句，修饰先行词country，关系词在定语从句中作地点状语，所以应用关系副词where。
9．to
解析：be accustomed to sth为固定搭配，意为“习惯于……”。
10．it
解析："it takes/took sb+时间+to do sth"为固定句型，意为“做某事花费某人多长时间”。故填it。

v 第四套
Last week, 100 restaurants across Shanghai supported the use of serving utensils (器具),as it is a key point for the control and ___1___(prevent) of the COVID-19.
Chinese people often eat together and share their dishes ___2___others. The new system suggests adding separate chopsticks and spoons for ___3___(serve) when people dine together. Such a change of etiquette (礼仪)allows diners ___4___(avoid) using their own chopsticks to pick food from the plates and therefore ___5___(great) reduces the chances of spread of many diseases.
Many restaurants ___6___(adopt) the policy after the Municipal Office for Civilized Society published the suggestion, ___7___also encourages the public to use separate utensils for shared food at home.
According to Qu Qi, a person in charge of a restaurant in Xuhui district, a sign ___8___(put) up on the tables to inform people of the importance of using serving utensils since the start of business on February 21. The waiters and waitresses are also trained to supply a separate spoon or pair of chopsticks for the liners. So far, ___9___ service has been well accepted by the majority of the public.
This will be a long term measure. In the future, each diner on the table will have ____10____(they) own serving chopsticks and spoons so as to prevent sharing of any manner of viruses and bacteria.
【答案】1. prevention 2. with 3. serving 4. to avoid 5. greatly 6. adopted
7. which 8. has been put 9. the 10. their
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道。在目前新型冠状病毒疫情防控形势下，上海100家餐馆倡议在就餐时使用公筷公勺。公筷公勺最大的好处是能减少交叉污染、减少病从口入。
【1题详解】
考查名词。句意：这是控制和阻止新冠肺炎的重要一点。空前的连词and连接的是两个由定冠词the修饰的名词，故此处用所给词的名词形式。故填prevention。
【2题详解】
考查介词。句意：中国人通常在一块吃饭，并共同享用菜肴。固定短语share sb. with sth.译为“和某人分享某物”。故填with。
【3题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：新的制度建议，在人们一起进餐的时候增加分开的筷子和勺子。根据空格前的介词for可知，此处填入动名词作宾语。故填serving。
【4题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这样一种礼仪上的变化允许就餐者避免用自己的筷子从盘子里夹菜，因此，极大地减少了疾病的传播。固定短语allow sb. to do sth.译为“允许某人做某事”，此处为动词不定式作宾语补足语。故填to avoid。
【5题详解】
考查副词。句意见上一题。修饰动词reduces要用副词。故填greatly。
【6题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：很多饭店在市文明社会办公室公布这一建议之后采用了这项政策，这也鼓励公众在家里分享食物的时候使用分开的器具。根据句中after引导的时间状语从句中的谓语动词published可知，句子陈述过去的事实需要用一般过去时。主语many restaurants和谓语动词adopt是主动关系。故填adopted。
【7题详解】
考查定语从句。句意见上一题。分析句子结构可知，此句为定语从句。先行词为suggestion(建议)为物在定语从句中作主语，所以用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
【8题详解】
考查动词时态及语态。句意：根据负责徐汇区一家饭店的屈奇所说，从2月21号开始营业以来，一个标志牌已经被摆放在桌子上来告知人们使用餐具的重要性。根据句中的“since the start of business on February 21”可知，句子要用现在完成时。主语a sign是单数并且与谓语动词put之间为被动关系。故填has been put。
【9题详解】
考查冠词。句意：到目前为止，这项服务被大部分公众所接受。根据句意可知，此处特指上文所提到的“提供公共餐具的这种服务”，故用定冠词。故填the。
【10题详解】
考查代词。句意：今后，餐桌上的每一位用餐者都将有自己的筷子和勺子，以防止任何形式的病毒和细菌的共享。根据空格后的名词chopsticks可知，此处需要用形容词性物主代词来修饰名词。故填their。

v 第五套
Governments around the world may create “vaccine（疫苗）passports” to help open up societies. The passport would be a record of the holder 1．_______（get）the COVID-19 vaccine. It could be downloaded on a smartphone or it could be added to the microchip in identity 2．_______（card）. Businesses such as restaurants and theatres might require people to show their passport before they enter. People may also need one 3．_______（enter）some places to watch sporting events. Supporters of the passports say it would also allow people to travel overseas more 4．_______（easy）. The World Health Organization is looking at a possible international plan, 5．_______ would require countries to agree on what kind of passport is necessary.
People who are 6． _______vaccine passports say they are unfair and could create inequality in society. Many people do not want 7．_______ vaccine. Some people say it goes against their religion. Other people do not trust the vaccine and say it 8．_______（test）enough and is therefore unsafe. Some people worry about the 9．_______（secure）of their health data. These people may not be able to go to restaurants or get on airplanes. In addition, the vaccine is not 10．_______（avail）to everyone in the world. A professor said, “For many low-income countries, most people won't be vaccinated for many years.”

1.having got   2．cards 3．to enter    4．easily 5．which  
6．against 7．the   8．hasn't been tested 9．security   10．available

【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲介绍了世界各国政府可能会创建“疫苗护照”，对此不同人持不同的意见。
考查非谓语。句意：护照将是持有者接种新冠疫苗的记录。根据语境可知，这里应该是 of 后接 sb doing 动名词复合结构一起做of介词的宾语。，并且表示动作已经完成。故填having got。
考查名词的数。句意：它可以在智能手机上下载，也可以添加到身份证的微芯片中。可数名词card前无限定词，所以用名词的复数形式。故填cards。
考查非谓语动词。句意：人们也可能需要一个能看体育赛事的地方。固定短语need sb to do需要某人做某事。故填to enter。
4．考查副词。句意：该护照的支持者表示，它还将使人们更容易出国旅行。动词travel后用副词修饰。故填easily。
5．考查定语从句。句意：世界卫生组织正在研究一项可能的国际计划，该计划将要求各国就需要何种护照达成一致。句中先行词是plan，指物，在从句中充当主语，所以用关系代词which引导非限制性定语从句。故填which。
6.考查介词。句意：反对疫苗护照的人表示，这是不公平的，可能会造成社会不平等。be against反对。故填against。
7.考查冠词。句意：许多人不想接种疫苗。这里的疫苗是特指，所以用定冠词the。故填the。8.考查时态与语态。句意：其他人不相信这种疫苗，说它还没有经过足够的测试，因此是不安全的。这里认为它不安全是因为它还没有经过测试，故这里是用完成时，且逻辑主语it与动词test是被动关系。故填hasn't been tested。
9.考查名词。句意：有些人担心他们的健康数据的安全性。冠词the后接名词形式作宾语。故填security。
10．考查形容词。句意：此外，疫苗并不是世界上所有人都能获得的。be动词后接形容词形式作表语。故填available。

v 第六套
Traveling to foreign countries 1．________ (consider) exciting and educational. Not only can you pick up new languages and have a taste 2．________ local cuisine, but you can get to admire some of the world’s most beautiful art and architecture.
Since the coronavirus pandemic 3．________ (go) viral, traveling has become quite difficult. Very early in the first lockdown, museums, theatres, and zoos started hosting virtual tours, 4．________ (bring) the exhibits and performances into peopled living rooms through their high-speed internet connections.
According to Forbes, Google 5．________ (search) for the term virtual tour reached 1,300 in February 2020. In March that year when the first lockdown began, the number increased to 6．________ (approximate) 10,000. And it kept rising as people continued to stay at home.
Currently, the pandemic 7．________ prevents people from going abroad is still prevailing throughout the world. So 8．________ your heart wants to enjoy the live concert in Sydney, wander through the 9．________ (crowd) alleys in Beijing, or check out the magnificent fountains in Rome, you can take 10．________ virtual city tour to explore to your heart’s content.
1.is considered  2．of 3．went   4．bringing 5．searches 
6. approximately 7．which/that 8．if 9．crowded   10．a
【分析】这是一篇说明文，文章主要介绍了在新冠疫情肆虐之下，“虚拟旅行”的兴起。
1． 考查被动语态。句意：出国旅行被认为是令人兴奋且有教育意义的。分析句子，主语是动名词，属于抽象事物而非人，与consider（认为）构成被动关系，应用被动语态，且动名词作主语，视为第三人称单数，句子语境为一般现在时，综上填is considered。
2． 考查介词。句意：你不仅可以学习新的语言，品尝当地美食，还可以欣赏一些世界上最美丽的艺术和建筑。固定搭配have a taste of是“品尝……”，使用介词of，故填of。
3． 考查一般过去时。句意：自冠状病毒大流行以来，旅行变得相当困难。新冠开始大流行的时间是过去，且结合所学知识，主句为现在完成时，since引导的从句用一般过去时，综上填went。
4． 考查现在分词作伴随状语。句意：在第一次封锁的早期，博物馆、剧院和动物园开始举办“虚拟之旅”，通过高速的互联网连接将展览和表演带入人们的客厅。分析句子结构，谓语动词为started，设空处为非谓语动词，且与主语构成主动关系，结合语境句意，可用现在分词作伴随状语，故填bringing。
5． 考查名词的数。句意：据《福布斯》报道，“虚拟旅行”一词在谷歌上的搜索量在2020年2月达到了1300次。分析句子结构，谓语动词为reached（达到），前面部分为主语，故search在此处作可数名词，表示“搜索量”，根据数字1300，可知应用复数，故填searches。6．考查副词。句意：在第一次封锁开始的那年3月，人数增加到大约1万人。修饰整个句子，应用副词，approximate的副词形式为approximately（近似地，大约），在句中做状语，故填approximately。
7．考查定语从句。句意：目前，阻止人们出国的疫情仍在世界各地肆虐。分析句子结构，谓语is前为主语部分，主语的中心语为the pandemic（疫情），其后接定语从句，修饰先行词the pandemic，先行词在从句中作主语，这是一种事物，故用关系代词which或that指代并引导定语从句，综上填which或that。
8． 考查连词。句意：因此，如果你想在悉尼欣赏现场音乐会，漫步在北京繁华拥挤的小巷，亦或是看看罗马壮丽的喷泉，你可以进行一次虚拟城市之旅，尽情探索。根据语境，后面所列举的三种情境是一种想象或假设，并非真实发生，故可用if（如果）引导条件状语从句，综上本题填if。
9． 考查形容词。句意：因此，如果你想在悉尼欣赏现场音乐会，漫步在北京繁华拥挤的小巷，亦或是看看罗马壮丽的喷泉，你可以进行一次虚拟城市之旅，尽情探索。修饰名词alleys（小巷）应用形容词crowded（拥挤的），故填crowded。
10．考查冠词。句意：句意：因此，如果你想在悉尼欣赏现场音乐会，漫步在北京繁华拥挤的小巷，亦或是看看罗马壮丽的喷泉，你可以进行一场虚拟城市之旅，尽情探索。根据“进行一场虚拟城市之旅”中的“一场”，且virtual发音以辅音音素开头，故填a。

v 第七套
Helen Keller was a great 1.________(write)and educator in the world，2.________most famous work is The Story of My Life.
When she was young，Helen was a very special girl，who couldn't speak，read or write because she couldn't see or hear.Because of these severe restrictions on her 3.________(communicate)，her behaviour was often not 4.________(bear)．
It was her teacher Anne Sullivan 5.________completely changed her.Anne Sullivan herself also had eyesight problems，so she could understand Helen's difficulties.Anne's first goal was to stop Helen's troublesome behaviour，which gave her 6.________(value)preparation to learn language.
Helen learned words by 7.________(touch)objects.It was the word“water”that she completely understood 8.________the first time.From then on，she learned many complex words.With Helen's knowledge and vocabulary 9.________(expand)，she was eager 10.________(learn)more complex words which need the thinking process.
【语篇解读】　本文是一篇记叙文，介绍了美国著名的女作家、教育家、慈善家、社会活动家海伦·凯勒。
1．writer　[考查词性转换。根据后文的educator可知填writer。]
2．whose　[考查连词。whose引导定语从句修饰a great writer and educator。]
3．communication　[考查词性转换。根据空前的her可知此空填名词。]
4．bearable　[考查词性转换。句意：因为交流严重受限，她的行为常常让人无法忍受。]
5．who/that　[考查强调句型。分析句子“It was her teacher Anne Sullivan________completely changed her.”可知这是个强调句型，因此填who/that。]
6．valuable　[考查词性转换。此空修饰名词preparation，因此填形容词valuable。]
7．touching　[考查非谓语动词。________(touch)objects作介词by的宾语，因此用v.­ing形式。]
8．for　[考查介词。for the first time是固定词组。]
9．expanding　[“With Helen's knowledge and vocabulary________(expand)”意为“随着海伦知识和词汇量的增加”，这是with复合结构，空格处作宾补，且knowledge and vocabulary与expand之间是主动关系，因此填expanding。]
10．to learn　[考查非谓语动词。be eager to do sth.渴望做某事。]

v 第八套

The computer is widely used in our daily life. The computer is a machine that 1. __________（design） to help people do many things. When it first came into 2. __________（be）, it was just a calculating machine, and later it was built as an analytical machine that could “think” logically and produce an answer 3. __________（fast） than any other person. Still later, the computer could be made to work as a “universal machine” to solve any difficult mathematical problems. There were times when its size was 4. __________（total） changed. It became smaller and smaller but it got cleverer and cleverer. In the early 1960s, computers were connected by network and brought into common people’s homes
5. __________ （deal） with information and help communication 6. people around the world.
It could share 7. __________（inform） with others and they could talk to each other. The Internet has become
8. __________important part in our life and we can do many things with the help of the Internet. The computer is used to connect people 9. __________aren’t close enough to speak to each other. It has been serving the human race since 10. __________（it） birth.
语法填空
【文章大意】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了计算机的发展历史。
1.解析：was designed。考查时态和语态。That to help people do many things.是一个定语从句, 先行词是a machine, a machine与design之间是被动关系, 用被动语态, 表示发生在过去的事情, 用一般过去时, 所以填was designed。
2.解析：being。考查固定短语。句意：当它刚出现的时候, 它只是一台计算机。comeinto being产生, 该短语是固定短语, 所以填 being 。
3.解析：faster。考查比较级。根据than any other person可知用比较级, 所以填faster。
4.解析：totally。考査副词。该空修饰动词changed, 用副词, 所以填totally。
5.解析：to deal。考査动词不定式。句意：在20世纪60年代早期, 计算机通过网络连接起来, 并被带进普通人的家里来处理信息, 帮助世界各地的人们进行交流。作目的状语, 用不定式, 所以填to deal。
6.解析：betweeru考查介词。句意：在20世纪60年代早期, 计算机通过网络连接起来, 并被带进普通人的家里来处理信息, 帮助世界各地的人们进行交流。文中表示“在……之间”, 所以填between。
7.解析：information。考查名词。句意：它可以与他人分享信息, 他们可以互相交谈。该空作share的宾语, 用名词, 所以填information。
8.解析：an。考查冠词。句意：互联网已经成为我们生活中一个重要的部分, 在互联网的帮助下, 我们可以做很多事情。文中泛指“一个重要的部分”, important的首字母发音是元音, 所以填不定冠词an。
9.解析：who/that。考查定语从句。aren’t close enough to speak to each other.是一个定语从句, 先行词是people, 关系词在从句中作主语, 指人, 所以填who/that。
10.解析：its。考査代词。句意：它自诞生以来就一直在为人类服务。文中表示“它的诞生”, 用形容词性物主代词, 所以填its。

v 第九套
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
Spare Time to Read
Reading is not just about learning a certain skill. Nor is it just about learning how to create prettier combination of words. Reading is the best form of communication ____1____ is in a higher rank than mere conversation. Many successful people ____2____(share) the same kind of wisdom so far that if you want to become a kind of person you should try your best to spend time with this kind of people. If you want to become ____3____ with good manner, you should try to make friends with people who have good manner. If you want to become someone learned, you should try to stay in touch with ____4____(learn) people. If you want to become someone successful, you surely should communicate with those ____5____ are actually successful. But unfortunately, outstanding people are usually far away from us. If you yourself are not outstanding enough, it’s almost impossible for you __6__(reach) them. And this is what reading is for.
A book is the embodiment of a great mind. Through reading you ____7____ communicate with those great minds. And this kind of communication is beyond time and space. Reading can bring you ___8___ ________(此处两格)the cage of your daily life. It shows you new opportunities that you’ve never seen. For a lot of people, this may be the only method to change their lives. ___9___ _____ _____(此处三格）busy you are, don’t forget to spare some time to do it. If you don’t find yourself time to read, you’ll eventually find _____10_____ without any time to live the life that you want to live.
【答案】
1. that 2. have shared 3. someone 4. learned 5. who
6. to reach 7. can 8. out of 9. No matter how 10. yourself
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了阅读的重要性，指出阅读不仅仅是学习某种技能，更是比对话更高级的交流方式。通过阅读人们可以有机会接触到伟大的思想，建议人们应当抽出时间来阅读提升自我。
【1题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：阅读是比对话更高级的交流方式。本句为定语从句修饰先行词communication，且先行词由形容词最高级修饰，指物，关系词只能用that。故填that。
【2题详解】
考查动词时态。句意：到目前为止，许多成功人士都分享了同样的智慧，如果你想成为这样的人，你应该尽你最大的努力和这样的人在一起。根据下文so far可知，应用现在完成时，且主语为Many successful people为复数形式，故填have shared。
【3题详解】
考查代词。句意：如果你想成为一个有礼貌的人，你应该试着和有礼貌的人交朋友。结合句意以及下文If you want to become someone learned可知，此处表示“某个有礼貌的人”应用不定代词someone。故填someone。
【4题详解】
考查形容词。句意：如果你想成为一个博学的人，你应该尽量与博学的人保持联系。people为名词，需要形容词修饰，表示“博学的”，所以空处填learned，故填learned。
【5题详解】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：如果你想成为成功人士，你当然应该和那些真正成功的人交流。本句为定语从句修饰现行词those，且先行词在从句中作主语，指人，故用关系代词who。故填who。
【6题详解】
考查固定句式。句意：如果你自己不够优秀，你几乎不可能接触到他们。固定句式it is impossible for sb. to do sth.做某事对某人来说不可能，故填to reach。
【7题详解】
考查情态动词。句意：通过阅读，你可以与那些伟大的思想交流。根据下文communicate为动词原形，可知应填情态动词，结合句意表示“可以；能够”，故填can。
【8题详解】
考查介词短语。句意：阅读可以让你走出日常生活的牢笼。结合句意可知，表示“自……离开”，短语为out of，故填out of。
【9题详解】
考查连词。句意：不管你有多忙，都别忘了抽出点时间来做这件事。本句为让步状语从句，表示“无论怎样；不管怎样”，故填no matter how。故填No matter how。
【10题详解】
考查代词。句意：如果你没有时间读书，你最终会发现你没有时间过你想要的生活。这里表示“你自己”，动作回到主语本身，应用反身代词yourself。故填yourself。


v 第十套

There seems never ____11____ (be) a civilization without toys, but when and how they developed is unknown. They probably came about just to give children something to do.
In the ancient world, as is today, most boys played with some kinds of toys and most girls with ____12____. In most of the communities ____13____ social roles are rigidly determined, boys pattern their play after the activities of their fathers and girls ____14____ (prepare), even in play, to step into the roles and responsibilities of the adult world.
____15____ is remarkable about the history of toys is not so much how they changed over the centuries ____16____ how much they have remained the same. The changes have been mostly in terms of craftsmanship, mechanics, and technology. It is the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present ____17____ is amazing. In Egypt, America, China, Japan and among the Arctic people, generally the same kinds of toys appeared. Variations depended on local customs and ways of life ____18____ toys imitate their surroundings. Nearly every civilization had dolls, little weapons, toy soldiers, tiny animals and vehicles
Because toys can be generally regarded as a kind of art form, they have not been likely to be influenced by technological leaps ____19____ characterize inventions for adult use. The progress from the wheel to the cart to the automobile is a direct line of ways up. The progress from a rattle (拨浪鼓)used by a baby in 3,000 BC to _____20_____ used by an infant today, however, is not characterized by inventiveness. Each rattle is the product of the artistic tastes of the times and subject to the limitations of available materials.
【答案】
11. to have been 12. others 13. where 14. are being prepared/are prepared
15. What 16. but 17. that 18. because 19. that/which 20. one
【解析】
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了玩具的发展与变化。
【11题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：似乎从来就没有一个没有玩具的文明，但它们是何时以及如何发展起来的，我们不得而知。seem to do sth.似乎要做某事，这里用不定式的完成式表示该动作已经发生过了。故填to have been。
【12题详解】
考查代词。句意：在古代，和今天一样，大多数男孩玩某些种类的玩具，而大多数女孩则玩其他种类的玩具。这里代指前面的复数名词toys，表示“其他种类的玩具”。故填others。
【13题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：在大多数社会角色被严格规定的社区中，男孩按照他们父亲的活动来安排他们的游戏，而女孩正在为进入成人世界的角色和责任做准备，甚至在游戏中也是如此。句中先行词为communities，在定语从句中作地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。与故填where。
【14题详解】
考查时态和语态。句意：在大多数社会角色被严格规定的社区中，男孩按照他们父亲的活动来安排他们的游戏，而女孩正在为进入成人世界的角色和责任做准备，甚至在游戏中也是如此。根据句中时态可知，用一般现在时；或表示动作正在进行，所以用现在进行时。主语girls与prepare之间为被动关系，所以用被动语态。故填are being prepared/are prepared。
【15题详解】
考查名词性从句。句意：在玩具的历史上，值得注意的不是它们在过去的几个世纪中发生了怎样的变化，而是它们保持了多少不变。本句为主语从句，从句缺少主语，指物，所以用what引导。故填What。
【16题详解】
考查连词。句意：在玩具的历史上，值得注意的不是它们在过去的几个世纪中发生了怎样的变化，而是它们保持了多少不变。前后句为转折关系，所以用转折词but。故填but。
【17题详解】
考查强调句。句意：令人惊奇的是，玩具在世界各地发展的普遍性，以及它们至今的持久性。本句为强调句，强调句结构为It is + 强调部分 + that从句。本句强调主语the universality of toys with regard to their development in all parts of the world and their persistence to the present 。故填that。
【18题详解】
考查连词。句意：由于玩具模仿周围环境，所以变化取决于当地的风俗和生活方式。根据句意可知，前后句为因果关系，后句介绍变化的原因。故填because。
【19题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：因为玩具通常被视为一种艺术形式，它们不太可能受到技术飞跃的影响，而技术飞跃是成人发明的特征。句中先行词为technological leaps，在定语从句中作宾语，所以用关系代词which或that引导。故填that/which。
【20题详解】
考查代词。句意：然而，从公元前3000年婴儿使用的拨浪鼓到今天婴儿使用的拨浪鼓，并没有什么发明的特征。代词one为泛指，指代前面提到的rattle。故填one。