专题6. 定语从句 -九年级英语寒假精讲精练(牛津译林版)
展开定语从句
一.知识解析
在复合句中作定语,修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句,叫定语从句。定语从句所修饰的词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。引导定语从句的是关系代词that,which,who,whom,whose等和关系副词when,where,why等。关系代词或关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间,它既起连接作用,又充当从句中的一个成分。
关系词 | 作用 | 先行词 | 例句 |
that,who,whom | 主语、宾 语、表语 | 人 | Do you know the girl who/that has got an “A” in the exam?你知道考试中得“A”的那个女孩吗? |
that,which | 主语、宾 语、表语 | 物 | She got a computer which/that her parents bought for her.她有一台电脑,这台电脑是她父母给她买的。 |
whose | 定语 | 人、物 | The boy whose father is a doctor studies very hard.这个男孩学习非常刻苦,他爸爸是位医生。 The room whose window is open is mine.开着窗户的那个房间是我的。 |
when | 状语 | 时间 | I still remember the day when you left for Beijing.我仍然记得你动身去北京的那一天。 |
where | 状语 | 地点 | This is the school where my mother works.这就是我妈妈工作的那个学校。 |
why | 状语 | 原因 | Could you explain the reason why you were late?你能解释一下你迟到的原因吗? |
1.关系代词的用法
一般情况下,that既可指人又可指物,可以代替who,whom和which,在从句中作主语、表语或谓语动词的宾语;which指物,在从句中作主语、表语或谓语动词及介词的宾语;who在从句中作主语、表语或宾语;whom在从句中作宾语;whose在从句中作定语。如:
A doctor is a person who looks after a patient.
先行词 主语 谓语 宾语
分析:who是关系代词,在定语从句中作主语。
句意:医生就是照顾病人的人。
(1)下列情况下,先行词指物时,定语从句只能用that引导,不能用which引导:
①当先行词是all,little,much,none,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词时。如:
Is there anything(that)you don’t understand?
你有什么不懂的地方吗?
Tom told his mother all that had happened.
汤姆把发生的所有事情告诉了他的妈妈。
②当先行词前面有the only,the very,the last等修饰时。如:
This is the only book that I can find.
这是我能找到的唯一一本书。
③当序数词或形容词最高级修饰先行词时。如:
This is the best book that I have ever read.
这是我读过的最好的书。
④当先行词前面有only,all,any,no等修饰时。如:
I want to read all the books that were written by Lu Xun.
我想把鲁迅的著作全读完。
⑤当主句是以疑问词which开头的特殊疑问结构时。如:
Which is the hotel that you like best?
哪个是你最喜欢的旅店?
(2)关系代词的省略
一般情况下,关系代词作宾语时可以省略,但关系代词which,whom在从句中作介词的宾语并且介词位于关系代词前时,不能省略。如:
I’ll never forget the day on which I joined the club.
我永远不会忘记我加入俱乐部的那一天。
注意:that,which,who在从句中作主语时,不能省略。如:
Who is the boy that is talking with our teacher?
正在和我们老师谈话的那个男孩是谁?
二.知识拓展
关系副词的用法
(1)when表示时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。如:
I still remember the year when you graduated from No. 8 Middle School.我依然记得你从八中毕业的那一年。
(2)why表示原因,在定语从句中作原因状语,其先行词只有表示原因的reason一词。如:
We don’t know the reason why he was late for school.
我们不知道他为什么上学迟到了。
(3)where表示地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。如:
That is the school where I studied three years ago.
那是我三年前就读的学校。
题组训练
一、选择适当的词填空
1.The boy who (who;whom;which)is playing ping-pong is my classmate.
2.The only e-mail that (who;that;which)I received yesterday was from my sister.
3.I hate people that (that;which;whom)talk much but do little.
4.The hotel where (which;that;where)we stayed last summer is a good one.
5.Can you help me find some information about Einstein which (which;who;whom)I can use for my report?
6.This is the most amazing photo that (which;that;who)I have ever seen.
三.随堂练习
全国题组
一、填空题
1.It is the same with our lives. Those choose to live in peace must help their neighbors to live in peace.
【答案】who 设空处所在句含有定语从句,先行词为“Those”,指代人,故关系代词用“who”。从后一句“Those who choose”也可知答案。
2.“Anyone has heard about Seattle?s train may think this is kind of fun,”McKaulay said.
【答案】 who 句意:“任何听说过西雅图火车的人可能认为这有点好玩。”McKaulay说道。由句子结构可判断出此处引导定语从句,先行词为anyone,故填关系代词who。
3.Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience people cannot get at home.
【答案】 that/which 句意:电影院可能会有一个更光明的未来,如果它们能提供给人们一种在家里无法获得的电影经历。本题考查定语从句。当先行词是表示事物的名词时,关系代词用that 或 which。
4.Great changes have taken place in our city in the past ten years. Everything comes into sight is so new to me.
【答案】that 句意:在过去的10年里我们的城市发生了巨大的变化。对我来说,出现在我眼前的一切都是那么新。本题考查定语从句。由先行词Everything可知关系代词只能使用that。
5.—Why don’t you like fishing?
—Fishing is a hobby needs much patience,but I’m not patient at all.
【答案】that/which 句意:——你为什么不喜欢钓鱼?——钓鱼是一项需要许多耐心的爱好,但是我一点耐心都没有。本题考查定语从句。先行词hobby(爱好)指事物,关系代词应用that或which。
6.Running Man is a very relaxing TV program is hot among the young people.
【答案】 that/which 句意:《奔跑吧兄弟》是一个十分令人放松而且在年轻人中很受欢迎的电视节目。本题考查定语从句。由先行词program可知关系代词应用that/which。
二、单项选择
1.Not all children watch this video will become a scientist, but some may become interested in science.
A.whom B.which C.who D.whose
【答案】C
【解析】句意:并不是所有看过这段视频的孩子都会成为科学家,但有些人可能会对科学产生兴趣。本题考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,先行词为children, 指人,且关系词在从句中充当主语,故选C。
2.Anyone who is a server or has been one knows that customers always come first.
A.whom B.what C.who D.which
【答案】C
【解析】句意:任何一名服务员或做过服务员的都知道顾客总是第一位的。本题考查定语从句。or是并列连词,连接两个定语从句, who is a server是定语从句,先行词是 Anyone,所以or后面的定语从句的先行词也是 Anyone,在从句中作主语,所以答案选C。
3.—Class, you should be thankful to those people helped and supported you.
—We will, Miss Chen.
A.which B.whom C.who D.whose
【答案】C
【解析】句意:——同学们,你们应该感谢那些帮助过和支持过你们的人。——我们会的,陈老师。本题考查定语从句。本题定语从句的先行词为people,指人,关系词在定语从句中作主语,故选择C。
4.I hate the dogs live in the next house. They make loud noises all night.
A.who B.that C.what D.whom
【答案】B
【解析】句意:我讨厌生活在隔壁的狗。它们整夜都在制造很大的噪音。本题考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句,修饰先行词dogs,关系代词用that或which,故选B项。
5.—Do you like the weekly talk show, The Reader, on CCTV?
—Sure. It’s a great TV programme brings the habit of reading back into the public.
A.who B.that C.what
【答案】B
【解析】句意:——你喜欢中央电视台每周的脱口秀《朗读者》吗?——当然,它是一个很好的电视节目,它把朗读的习惯带回给大众。本题考查定语从句。先行词为TV programme,关系词在从句中作主语,故选择B。
6.She often parks her car near the house she can easily get to.
A.where B.who C.which D.what
【答案】C
【解析】句意:她经常把车停到她能容易到达的房子附近。本题考查定语从句,which指代物,在从句中作宾语。故选C项。
7.Everyone has been to Shanghai says it is a modern city.
A.why B.whose C.who D.which
【答案】C
【解析】句意:每个去过上海的人都说它是一个现代化的城市。考查定语从句。先行词everyone表示人,从句中缺少主语,应用who引导定语从句,故选C。
8.The photo taken by my brother last week is very nice.
A.which were B.that is C.that were D.which was
【答案】D
【解析】句意:上周由我弟弟照的照片很漂亮。先行词为photo,指物,而且是单数;时间状语为last week,故此处用一般过去时,综上所述可知选D项。
二
1.—Do you know the man spoke at the meeting just now?
—No,I don’t know.
A.what B.who C.which D.whose
【答案】 B
【解析】句意:——你认识刚才在会上讲话的那个人吗?——不,我不认识。本题考查定语从句。what不是关系词,不能引导定语从句,可排除;who用于先行词是人时;which用于先行词是物时;whose为物主代词,后面需要接名词。本句先行词指人,故选B。
2.Peppa Pig(《小猪佩奇》)is a British cartoon has been popular in China and is much loved by little children and their parents.
A.who B.which C./
【答案】 B
【解析】句意:《小猪佩奇》是一部在中国很受欢迎的英国动画片,深受儿童和他们父母的喜爱。本题考查定语从句。先行词British cartoon指物, 关系代词用which,故选B。
3.You are talented young adults are full of hope for the future.
A.which B.when C.who D.where
【答案】 C
【解析】句意:你们是对未来充满希望的有才能的年轻人。本题考查定语从句。先行词adults指人,关系代词在从句中作主语,用who。故选C。
4.My grandparents like stories have happy endings.
A.they B.who C.which D./
【答案】 C
【解析】句意:我的祖父母喜欢有圆满结局的故事。本题考查定语从句。先行词stories是物,关系代词用which或that,关系代词在定语从句中作主语,因此不可以省略,故选C。
5.Roald Dahl was a great children’s writer. His dark past helped him paint a picture was different to most other writers.
A.that B.who C./ D.whom
【答案】 A
【解析】句意:Roald Dahl是一个伟大的儿童作家。他的黑暗过去帮助他画出了与其他大多数作家不同的画。本题考查定语从句。先行词是picture,关系代词应用修饰物的which或that,排除B和D。关系代词在定语从句中作主语,因此不可省略,故选A。
6.Sweet wormwood(青蒿) is a common plant in China. Tu Youyou is the woman used the plant’s special power to save millions of lives.
A.which B.who C.whose D./
【答案】 B
【解析】句意:在中国,甜青蒿是一种常见的植物。屠呦呦就是用这种植物的特殊力量挽救了数百万条生命的那个女人。本题考查定语从句的关系代词。关系代词who指人,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语。根据先行词the woman和关系代词在定语从句中作主语,可知应选B。
7.Everyone has been to Shanghai says it is a modern city.
A.why B.whose C.who D.which
【答案】 C
【解析】句意:每个去过上海的人都说它是一个现代化的城市。考查定语从句。先行词Everyone表示人,从句中缺少主语,应用who引导定语从句,故选C。
三
1.—Do you know the boy over there?
—The one is holding a ball?Oh, that’s my neighbor Phil.
A.what B.which C.who D.不填
【答案】 C
【解析】句意:——你认识那边那个男生吗?——是拿着球的那位吗?哦,那是我的邻居菲尔。本题考查定语从句的关系词。先行词为the one,将先行词代入定语从句后为:The one is holding a ball.由此可知,先行词在定语从句中作主语,且先行词指“人”,故答案为C项。
2.China is getting better at making hi-tech products can be bought in all parts of the world.
A.who B.which C.what
【答案】 B
【解析】句意:中国正越来越擅长制造能在世界各地被买到的高科技产品。本题考查定语从句。先行词为products,且关系词在从句中作主语,故关系词应用which, 所以答案为B。
3.—Is this the new dictionary you got yesterday?
—Yes. Now it’s very convenient for me to look up words.
A.that B.why C.what
【答案】 A
【解析】句意:——这是你昨天买的那本新词典吗?——是的。现在查词对于我来说很方便了。本题考查定语从句。定语从句的先行词dictionary为物,设空处在从句中作宾语,故用that或which来引导定语从句,故本题选A。
4.Anyone who is a server or has been one knows that customers always come first.
A.whom B.what
C.who D.which
【答案】 C
【解析】句意:任何一名服务员或做过服务员的都知道顾客总是第一位的。本题考查定语从句。or是并列连词,连接两个定语从句, who is a server是定语从句,先行词是 Anyone,所以or后面的定语从句的先行词也是 Anyone,在从句中作主语,所以答案选C。
5.—Do you like the weekly talk show, The Reader, on CCTV?
—Sure. It’s a great TV programme brings the habit of reading back into the public.
A.who B.that C.what
【答案】 B
【解析】句意:——你喜欢中央电视台每周的脱口秀《朗读者》吗?——当然,它是一个很好的电视节目,它把朗读的习惯带回给大众。本题考查定语从句。先行词为TV programme,关系词在从句中作主语,故选择B。
6.Theaters may have a brighter future if they can provide a movie experience people cannot get at home.
A.that B.who
C.whom D.what
【答案】 A
【解析】句意:如果电影院能提供给人们一种在家里无法获得的电影体验,它们可能会有一个更光明的未来。本题考查定语从句。当先行词是表示事物的名词时,关系代词用that 或 which。
7.Running Man is a very relaxing TV program is hot among the young people.
A.what B.which
C.who D.whom
【答案】 B
【解析】句意:《奔跑吧兄弟》是一个十分令人放松而且在年轻人中很受欢迎的电视节目。本题考查定语从句。由先行词program可知关系代词应用that/which,故答案为B项。
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