高中英语高考读后续写对话知识专题讲解
展开高考英语读后续写对话知识讲解
一、对话小技巧
①第一种:加语气
“I would love to,” said Emilyin a pleasant tone.“我很乐意这样做,”艾米丽用一种愉快的语气说。
这里用到了“in a pleasant tone.”,即“用一种愉快的语气”,基本结构为:in a/an+形容词+tone
如: in a pleasant愉悦的/firm坚定的/rude粗鲁的/sad悲伤的 tone
也可以用 in a tone of +名词的搭配
如:in a tone of surprise用一种惊讶的语气
in a tone of curiosity用一种好奇的语气
in a tone of impatience用一种不耐烦的语气
in a tone of command用一种命令的语气
② 第二种:加嗓音
“I didn’t mean to,” she murmured in a low voice.“我不是故意的,”她低声说。
这里用到了“ in a low voice”,即“小声地说道”或者“用一种...声音”,基本结构是: in a/an+形容词+voice
如: in a high /low / sweet/loud/soft /weak voice 用一个高/低/甜/响亮/软/弱的声音
③第三种:加情感
“I...I..don’t think I’m right for the part,”I repliedwith embarrassment.“我...我..认为我不适合这个角色,”我尴尬地回答。
这里用到了“ with embarrassment”,即“(伴随着)难堪”,基本结构是: with +情感名词。如with excitement (伴随着)激动。
④加副词
“我再也不会那样做了,”我回答。如何丰富这句话里的对话标签呢?
“I will never do that again,” I answered firmly.加上了副词firmly(坚定地)
这句话也可以这么写:可将副词提到句首。
Firmly,I answered,“I will never do that again.”
二、对话"四大误区"
1.废话连篇,对情节发展和刻画人物性格没有帮助。
“Hey, how are you?” “I’m fine, how are you?”
“How is the weather?” “Terrific! Nice day for a walk, isn’t it?”
这样的对话在现实生活中很真实,但是小说毕竟是艺术加工,无助情节推动的,不能刻画人物性格的日常寒暄和偏离文章主线的对话绝对不用。
2.追求花哨,过度使用对话标签
“That is fantastic news,” he said happily.
此句中完全没有必要加上一个happily来表达说的方式,因为句中的fantastic一词足以说明说话人了表情,过度强调会让读者的注意力集中在“说话的方式”而不是“说话的内容”。
建议改为:“That is fantastic news!” he said/screamed/exclaimed.一个感叹号和一个fantastic已经足以让读者想象当时的情景。适当的“艺术留白”也是需要的,这样会留给读者想象的空间。
还有一种避免过度的dialogue tags的方法是运用“动作描写”,尤其是表情上动作来取而代之。
如:Her eyes reflected the candlelight as she smiled at her son.“Everyone is unique.Just follow your heart and be yourself!”当她对儿子微笑时,她的眼睛反射着烛光。“每个人都是独一无二的。只要跟随你的心,做你自己!”
3用词不当,错误使用对话标签
"I can't believe it," Emma gasped. (gasp意思为“喘气”)
"That's funny," Henry chuckled. (chuckled.意思为“轻笑”)
评析:以上两句话也是在大量的学生习作中发现的。这里把动作描写和动作标签 混淆了,试想谁能gasp(喘息)、chuckle(轻笑)出一句话?除非他或她有特异功能。
纠正方法如下:
"I can't believe it," Emmasaid with a gasp.
(对话标签Emma said+ with介词短语)
Emma gasped."I can't believe it."
(动作描写+句号)
"I can't believe it." Emma gasped.
(对话句+动作描写,注意对话句式句号)
"That's funny!" Henry chuckled.
(感叹句结束+动作描写)
"That's funny," Henry said, chuckling.
(Question tag+分词做伴随状况)
请特别关注以上对话的标点符号。
4对话标签多此一举:对话对象十分明确,仍使用对话标签
“I told you already,” I said, glaring.
评析:此句貌似豪华,其实对话中的主语“I”已经清晰地说明了说话者,完全没有必要用对话标签“I said” 来说明说话对象。纠正方法:加上一点动作描写就可以避免这种错误,并且提升语言的生动性。
I glared at him.“I told you already.”
三、对话描写要点
1)对话描写必须为推动故事情节服务,是情节发展的一个环节,每段出现一两句即可;
2)对话描写必须反映人物的心理与情感,刻画人物的性格;
3)对话描写不宜过长,侧重口语化词汇,避开生僻词汇;
4)对话描写要尽可能结合动作描写,明确对谁说,具有画面感;
5)对话描写中要学会使用几个感叹词,表示说话人的喜、怒、哀、乐等情绪;
四、对话标签的三个位置
她说,“我想和你一起去,但我还没有完成家庭作业。”这句话用英语,从句式结构的角度来看,怎么表达呢?特别是对话标签she said的位置变化。
1.对话标签在前
She said,“I would like to go with you, but I haven’t finished my homework.”
2.对话标签在后
“I would like to go with you, but I haven’t finished my homework.”She said.
这两句是最常见的形式,大家写出来,应该问题不大。我们来看第三种形式。
3.对话标签在句子中间
“I would like to go with you,”she said, “but I haven’t finished my homework.”
注意:对话标签在后或者在句子中间时(第2,3种情况),如果主语是名词,则可以倒装。而代词不可以倒装,said she是错误的。
“I would like to go with you, but I haven’t finished my homework.”said Emily(或者Emily said.)
“I would like to go with you,”said Emily/ Emily said, “but I haven’t finished my homework.”