2022-2023学年广东省深圳市光明区高一下学期开学考试英语试题含解析

这是一份2022-2023学年广东省深圳市光明区高一下学期开学考试英语试题含解析，共28页。

 光明区2022-2023学年第二学期开学高一学业水平测试
科目：英语
注意事项：
1 答卷前, 考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡上。
2. 回答选择题时, 选出每小题答案后, 用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动, 用橡皮擦干净后, 再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时, 将答案写在答题卡上, 写在本试卷上无效。
第一部分 基础知识(共15 小题;每小题1分,满分 15 分)
单项选择 从每题所给的 A BCD 四个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
1. She is a person who never ________ about the unfairness of life.
A. identifies B. judges C. illustrates D. complains
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她是一个从不抱怨生活不公的人。A. identifies识别；B. judges判断；C. illustrates说明；D. complains抱怨。由“the unfairness of life”可知，句子表示“她是一个从不抱怨生活不公的人”，空格处意为“抱怨”，故选D。
2. Despite his old age, my grandpa is always full of ________.
A. energy B. engine C. stage D. image
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管爷爷年事已高，但他总是精力充沛。A. energy精力；B. engine发动机，引擎；C. stage阶段；D. image形象。根据句意可知，句中指尽管爷爷年事已高，但仍然精力充沛，“energy”意为“精力”，名词词性，在句中作宾语，符合语境。故选A项。
3. Our goal keeper, who was injured in our last game, has been ________ by a young player.
A. rented B. replaced C. placed D. respected
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的守门员，在上一场比赛中受伤了，已经被一个年轻球员代替了。A. rented租用；B. replaced取代；C. placed放置；D. respected尊敬。根据上文“Our goal keeper, who was injured in our last game”指因为受伤被年轻球员代替，故选B。
4. I do believe it is possible for different ethnic groups to live together in ________.
A. error B. harm C. moment D. harmony
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我相信不同的民族可以和睦相处。A. error错误；B. harm伤害；C. moment片刻；D. harmony融洽，和谐。live in harmony和睦相处。根据“I do believe it is possible for different ethnic groups”可知，不同的民族可以和睦相处。故选D。
5. If you have problems, you can consult Mr. Zhang, who is a(an) ________ on mathematics.
A. memory B. expert C. desert D. career
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你有问题，你可以请教张先生，他是数学专家。A. memory记忆；B. expert专家；C. desert沙漠；D. career事业。根据上文“you can consult Mr. Zhang”可知，可以请教张先生，是因为他是数学专家。故选B。
6. Our teacher often ________ her lessons with vivid examples.
A. illustrates B. ignores C. observes D. wraps
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们的老师经常用生动的例子说明她的课。A. illustrates说明，解释；B. ignores忽视；C. observes观察；D. wraps包，裹。根据句意可知，老师用生动的例子是为了说明她的课，“illustrate”意为“说明”，动词词性，在句中作谓语，根据句意和句中“often”可知，句子为一般现在时，句子主语为“Our teacher”，空格处应用“illustrate”的三单形式“illustrates”。故选A项。
7. In order not to ________ her friends, Mary contacted them regularly, even when she was abroad.
A. go all out B. rain cats and dogs C. lose track of D. turn up
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：为了不失去与朋友的联系，玛丽定期与他们联系，即使她在国外。A. go all out全力以赴；B. rain cats and dogs下着倾盆大雨；C. lose track of与……失去联系；D. turn up出现。根据句意可知，玛丽定期与朋友联系是为了不失去与朋友的联系，“lose track of”意为“与……失去联系”，符合语境。故选C项。
8. The boy could never ________ such a quiet life; he wanted excitement.
A. settle for B. be aware of C. burn up D. come across
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这个男孩永远也不会满足于这样平静的生活；他想要刺激。A. settle for满足于；B. be aware of意识到；C. burn up烧毁，烧尽；D. come across偶遇。根据“he wanted excitement”可知，这个男孩想要的是刺激，说明他不会满足于平静的生活。故选A项。
9. We can greatly improve our working efficiency by ________ what we are doing.
A. winding up B. settling for C. referring to D. concentrating on
【答案】D
【解析】
【详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我们可以通过专注于我们正在做事情来大大提高我们的工作效率。A. winding up使（活动、会议等）结束，完成；B. settling for设置为，为……而安排；C. referring to查阅；D. concentrating on专注于。根据句意可知，要想提高我们的工作效率，应该专注于我们正在做的事情，“concentrate on”意为“专注于”，介词“by”后接动名词作宾语，故空格处应填“concentrating on”。故选D项。
10. We are living in an age ________Artificial Intelligence is part of our daily life.
A. that B. when C. where D. which
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：我们生活在一个人工智能已成为日常生活一部分的时代。空格处引导的是限制性定语从句，修饰先行词age，在从句作状语状语，故用关系副词when，故选B。
11. Jenny ________ have finished her work. Or she wouldn’t be playing badminton now.
A. should B. needn’t C. must D. can’t
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词辨析。句意：珍妮一定完成了她的工作。不然她现在就不会打羽毛球了。A. should应该；B. needn’t不必；C. must一定，肯定，表示有把握的推测；D. can’t不可能。根据下一句“Or she wouldn’t be playing badminton now.”可知，珍妮现在正在打羽毛球，所以她一定是完成了工作，此处表示有把握的推测，用must。故选C项。
12. It is believed that the continents ________ always where they ________ today.
A. aren’t; are B. aren’t; were C. weren’t; are D. weren’t; were
【答案】C
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：人们相信大陆（以前）并不总是在它们今天所处的位置。结合句意可知，第一空表示“大陆原来的位置”，用一般过去时。第二空根据时间状语today，用一般现在时。故选C。
13. Though he only began his work 3 months ago, he is now a teacher that________ respect from parents and students.
A. has gained B. are gained C. have gained D. is gained
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查时态和主谓一致。句意：虽然他才开始工作3个月，但他现在已经是一名受到家长和学生尊重的老师了。结合句意可知，表示已经受到尊敬，所以用现在完成时。从句关系代词that代指先行词a teacher，在定语从句中作主语，所以谓语动词用第三人称单数形式has。故选A。
14. This is the car without ________ I can’t go to work.
A. that B. which C. where D. whose
【答案】B
【解析】
【详解】考查定语从句。句意：没有这辆车我就不能去上班。分析句子可知，句子为限制性定语从句，先行词为“car”，在从句中作介词“without”的宾语，故应用关系代词“which”引导从句。故选B项。
15. —What are you planning to do this summer holiday?
—Well, I am not so sure now. I ________go to the countryside to visit my grandparents.
A. might B. need C. can D. must
【答案】A
【解析】
【详解】考查情态动词词义辨析。句意：——这个暑假你打算做什么？——嗯，我现在不太确定。我可能会去乡下看望我的祖父母。A. might可能；B. need需要；C. can可能；D. must必须。结合I am not so sure now可知，可能会去乡下看望我的祖父母；might语气比can弱，在表示推测时，might用于不太确定的推测，can通常用于否定推测。故选A项。
第二部分 阅读(共两节, 满分50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题2. 5分, 满分37. 5分)
阅读下列短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Total Solar Eclipse 2023 Australia
One of nature’s most remarkable events-a total solar eclipse(日蚀)－will take place on the western edge of Australia on April 20th, 2023 and we have chosen the perfect way for you to enjoy this event: on a cruise(航游)at sea.
There have been only five total solar eclipses in Australia over the past century and this is the first hybrid eclipse in more than 1000 years. Unlike other cruises for this event, ours has the well-known astronomer Abigail Beall to accompany you. You will have the best possible view of the event as well as enjoying lectures and stargazing on land and at sea. Abigail will be on hand throughout, giving lectures on the history and science of eclipses, the black hole at the centre of the galaxy-along with providing many opportunities for guided stargazing. Plus, there will be additional talks from the Astronomical Society of Australia. Click here for detailed arrangements of the tour.

Single occupancy
Per guest based on two people sharing
Interior cabin
£2, 429
£1,699
Oceanview cabin
£3, 229
£2, 199
If you wish to add a third adult or child to your room, please ask for a quote.
Alongside the cruise, you can also explore some of Australia’s best scientific and natural phenomena with a series of tailored add-on tours covering astronomy on the east coast and visits to Uluru, Sydney, the Great Barrier Reef and much more. On the last day of the tour, we can send you back to the airport for your return journey home, or you can join one of our add-on tours. Click here for full details about add-on tours.
16. What makes the cruise different from others?
A. A specialist’s guidance.
B. A talk with astronomers.
C. A chance for stargazing
D. A meeting with astronauts.
17. How much should a couple pay for a tour in a Oceanview cabin?
A. £ 3,229. B. £2,199. C. £6,458 D. £ 4,398.
18. What is the purpose of the text?
A. To celebrate a historic event.
B. To advertise a special cruise.
C. To introduce a travel agency.
D. To explain a natural phenomenon.
【答案】16. A 17. D 18. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是应用文。文章是为可以参加澳大利亚西部边缘发生的日全食的海上巡航做广告。
【16题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Unlike other cruises for this event, ours has the well-known astronomer Abigail Beall to accompany you. (与其他游轮不同的是，我们有著名的天文学家阿比盖尔·比尔陪同您。)”可知，专家的指导让这个游轮与众不同。故选A。
【17题详解】
细节理解题。根据表格Oceanview cabin后的“Per guest based on two people sharing £2, 199(按两人分摊每位客人2199英镑计算)”可知，夫妇两人要2199乘以2=4398英镑。故选D。
【18题详解】
推理判断题。根据第一段“One of nature's most remarkable events-a total solar eclipse(日蚀)－will take place on the western edge of Australia on April 20th, 2023 and we have chosen the perfect way for you to enjoy this event: on a cruise(航游)at sea.(自然界最引人注目的事件之一——日全食——将于2023年4月20日在澳大利亚西部边缘发生，我们为你选择了享受这一事件的完美方式:在海上巡航。)”可知，本文的目的是为一次特别巡游做广告。故选B。
B
Deveza’s mother was on the waiting list for a kidney transplant (肾移植). Deveza wanted to donate one of her own kidneys, but she was turned down because she might develop the same health problems as her mother in later life.
Deveza came up with a different plan. In 2017, she started the world’s first paired exchange of different organs between living donors, exchanging half her liver (肝) for someone else’s kidney. A case study of the organ exchange has now been published. And the surgeons who were involved are calling for more exchanges like this. “You can imagine the enormous impact for mixed organ extended chains,” says John Roberts, a surgeon at University of California, San Francisco.
Most organ transplants come from people who have died, but there are never enough organs. As most people can manage with just one of their kidneys, people with kidney failure are increasingly receiving donated organs from relatives or friends. If someone wants to donate but their immune (免疫的) system is unsuited, doctors may be able to find pairs of would-be donors who can each give a kidney to the other’s relative.
When Deveza was looking into such chains, she came across research describing the idea of trading a kidney with the only other organ generally taken from a living donor—the liver. She suggested the idea to many hospitals before she finally contacted Roberts, who saw the idea’s potential.
Deveza was assessed to be in good enough health to donate part of her liver. It then took 18 months to find Annie Simmons, in Idaho, whose liver was unsuitable to use as a transplant for her sister with severe liver disease. They drew up a plan: Simmons would donate a kidney to Deveza’s mother, and in return, Deveza would give half her liver to Simmons’ sister. The hospital gave the go-ahead and the four operations took place on the same day successfully.
The team hopes that the ground-breaking case will inspire more people to consider doing the same. Roberts says that direct exchanges involving two donors could enable up to thirty extra living donor liver transplants a year—a ten per cent increase.
19. What did Deveza do to save her mother?
A. Carrying out a case study.
B. Calling for kidney donations.
C. Launching a medical experiment.
D. Trading half her liver for a kidney.
20. What does Paragraph 3 mainly talk about?
A. Patients’ hopelessness to survive.
B. Several sources of organ donation.
C. Current situation of organ transplants.
D. Doctors’ efforts to improve organ transplants.
21. What can be inferred about the organ exchange between Deveza and Simmons?
A. It discouraged organ donation.
B. It brought two families together.
C. It met with widespread approval.
D. It produced a desirable outcome.
22. What is the best title for the text?
A. My Liver, Your Kidney
B. Mother’s Love, Our Happiness
C. Organ Transplant: Blessing for Patients
D. Organ Exchange: Major Medical Advances
【答案】19. D 20. C 21. D 22. A
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。本文主要介绍了世界上第一次活体捐赠者之间不同器官的配对交换手术及手术的意义。
【19题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段关键句“Deveza came up with a different plan. In 2017, she started the world’s first paired exchange of different organs between living donors, exchanging half her liver (肝) for someone else’s kidney.”（Deveza想出了一个不同的计划。2017年，她开始了世界上第一次活体捐赠者之间不同器官的配对交换，用一半的肝脏换别人的肾脏。）可知，为了救自己的母亲，Deveza打算用自己一半的肝脏换别的捐赠者的肾脏，由此可知，为了救她的母亲，Deveza决定用半个肝脏换一个肾脏。故选D项。
【20题详解】
主旨大意题。通读第三段内容，结合关键句“Most organ transplants come from people who have died, but there are never enough organs.”（大多数器官移植来自已经去世的人，但器官永远不够。）和“If someone wants to donate but their immune (免疫的) system is unsuited, doctors may be able to find pairs of would-be donors who can each give a kidney to the other’s relative.”（如果有人想捐献，但他们的免疫系统不适合，医生可能会找到两对潜在的捐赠者，他们可以各自给对方的亲属一个肾。）可知，第三段主要介绍了器官移植的现状，对需要接受器官移植的人来说，器官永远不够，医生为此想出了捐赠者之间的配对交换，由此可知，第三段主要介绍了器官移植的现状。故选C项。
【21题详解】
推理判断题。根据倒数第二段关键句“They drew up a plan: Simmons would donate a kidney to Deveza’s mother, and in return, Deveza would give half her liver to Simmons’ sister. The hospital gave the go-ahead and the four operations took place on the same day successfully.”（他们制定了一个计划：Simmons将把一个肾脏捐给Deveza的母亲，作为回报，Deveza将把她的一半肝脏捐给Simmons的妹妹。医院批准了手术，四次手术在同一天成功进行。）可知，Deveza和Simmons之间的器官交换得到了医院的批准，手术成功进行，Deveza的母亲和Simmons的妹妹都得救了，由此可知，Deveza和Simmons之间的器官交换产生了令人满意的结果。故选D项。
【22题详解】
主旨大意题。通读全文，结合倒数第二段关键句“They drew up a plan: Simmons would donate a kidney to Deveza’s mother, and in return, Deveza would give half her liver to Simmons’ sister. The hospital gave the go-ahead and the four operations took place on the same day successfully.”（他们制定了一个计划：Simmons将把一个肾脏捐给Deveza的母亲，作为回报，Deveza将把她的一半肝脏捐给Simmons的妹妹。医院批准了手术，四次手术在同一天成功进行。）可知，本文主要介绍了世界上第一次活体捐赠者之间不同器官的配对交换手术，Simmons把一个肾脏捐给Deveza的母亲，Deveza把她的一半肝脏捐给Simmons的妹妹，这让两个病人获救，“My Liver, Your Kidney”意为“我的肝脏，你的肾脏”，选项能够概括文章主要内容。故选A项。
C
It’s no secret now that the more time we spend on social media, the more we feel dissatisfied with ourselves. We tend to compare ourselves to influences and celebrities (well, famous people like Justin Bieber) — so it’s easy to understand how that can affect our confidence.
But, how often have you found yourself comparing your life to your friends? Engaging with social media shared by our friends can be more damaging than looking at content shared by celebrities, new research has found.
The study looking at how social media affects body image found that any social media engagement was significantly associated with lower ‘appearance satisfaction’. Additionally, it found that engaging with content posted by people the participants knew was more than twice as damaging as looking at content posted by strangers, including celebrities.
Viren Swami, Professor of Social Psychology at Anglia Ruskin University, believes this is partly because we know it’s hard to attain the lives of celebrities or influences, but when we’re comparing ourselves to our friends, it feels like we should- or could-live the way they do.
“One possible explanation is that people may believe a post showing appearance as being much more acquirable if it comes from someone they know, adding expectation or pressure on the person engaging in the post, ” he said. “At the same time, people may be more critically engaged with posts by the likes of models and celebrities, and therefore assume the images they share to be more unrealistic. “
This is not just confined to body image though. We all have one area in our lives that triggers us. Maybe you’ve been searching for a new job for months and you find yourself on social media, envying your school friend who just landed their dream role. Maybe. . .
All this is to say the obvious: we only see part of people’s lives -and if it’s getting you down, you’re probably comparing your insides to other people’s outsides. Everyone has their struggles and life is indeed not perfect for anyone. So, put down your phone, get offline, be thankful and try to live your own life.
23. What did the new study find?
A. Social media invites unfavorable comments.
B. Friends’ posts affect us more than celebrities’.
C. Celebrities have a negative influence on our life.
D. Body image causes more concern than social life.
24. Why are we more likely to compare with our friends according to Swam?
A. They serve as role models. B. We know the way they live.
C. Their lifestyles are accessible. D. We are curious about their life.
25. What does the underlined word in Paragraph 6 probably mean?
A. limited. B. related. C. devoted. D. explored.
26. What does the author suggest people do?
A. Find your dream and fight for it. B. Stop comparing and be yourself.
C. Be grateful and lead a perfect life. D. Stop complaining and get down to work.
【答案】23. B 24. C 25. A 26. B
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了一项新研究。新研究发现朋友的帖子对人们的影响比名人的更大，让人们更容易与朋友进行比较。但是作者建议人们放下手机，心存感激，努力过自己的生活。
【23题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“Engaging with social media shared by our friends can be more damaging than looking at content shared by celebrities, new research has found. (一项新的研究发现，与看名人分享的内容相比，参与朋友分享的社交媒体可能更具破坏性)”可知，新研究发现朋友的帖子对我们的影响比名人的更大，故选B。
【24题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段“Viren Swami, Professor of Social Psychology at Anglia Ruskin University, believes this is partly because we know it’s hard to attain the lives of celebrities or influences, but when we’re comparing ourselves to our friends, it feels like we should- or could-live the way they do. (Anglia Ruskin大学社会心理学教授Viren Swami认为，这部分是因为我们知道很难获得名人或影响力的生活，但当我们将自己与朋友进行比较时，感觉我们应该或者可以像他们那样生活)”可知，根据Swam的说法，我们更容易与朋友进行比较是因为他们的生活方式更容易见得到，故选C。
【25题详解】
词句猜测题。根据划线单词下一句“We all have one area in our lives that triggers(触 发)us. Maybe you’ve been searching for a new job for months and you find yourself on social media, envying your school friend who just landed their dream role. (我们的生活中都有一个领域触发了我们。也许你已经找了好几个月的新工作，你在社交媒体上发现自己，羡慕你的学校朋友，他刚刚找到了他们梦想中的角色)”可知，划线单词所在句子的意思是：但这不仅仅局限于身体形象。故带下划线的单词可能的意思是“受限制的”，故选A。
【26题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“Everyone has their struggles and life is indeed not perfect for anyone. So, put down your phone, get offline, be thankful and try to live your own life. (每个人都有自己的奋斗，生活对任何人来说都不完美。所以，放下手机，下线，心存感激，努力过自己的生活)”可知作者建议人们停止比较，做你自己，故选B。
D
Though the dictionary definition of curiosity is “the desire to know something”, it is quite surprising that little research has paid attention to its benefits for education.
Consider a study at the University of California at Davis in 2014. The researchers first asked each participant to rate their curiosity about learning the answers to a series of questions, such as “What does the term ‘dinosaur’ actually mean?” The participants then lay in an fMRI brain scanner (扫描仪) while the same questions were presented, followed shortly after by the answers. The participants were then tested on their recollection of the facts an hour later.
The effects of curiosity on later recall were striking. When the participants were highly curious about a fact, they were 30% more likely to recall it. And this seemed to correspond to heightened activity in areas of the midbrain that release dopamine (多巴胺). Dopamine is normally associated with reward, but animal studies suggest that it can also enhance the formation of new neural (神经的) connections. It looked as if the feeling of curiosity was helping prepare the brain to absorb the new and important information, and this then resulted in a more stable memory.
Interestingly, the researchers found that the dopamine hit, arising from initial curiosity, could even enhance the memory of incidental information that had no direct relevance to the primary question. To demonstrate this, they had presented random faces alongside the answers to the questions and, an hour later, checked whether the participants still recognized the faces. The analyses showed that the participants were far more likely to remember the face if it had accompanied a question that had awakened their curiosity.
This additional, and unexpected, memory boost could be extremely useful whenever we’re trying to learn something new and complicated. We’re unlikely, after all, to find every single element of our studies interesting. But if we can develop some curiosity about at least some of the facts, we may find that the rest of the material also sticks far more easily.
27. Which aspect of curiosity did the study focus on?
A. Its scientific definition. B. Its unique characteristics.
C. Its influences on memory. D. Its benefits for brain health.
28. What was the purpose of presenting questions to the participants first?
A. To assess their learning ability. B. To awaken their passion for learning.
C. To measure their curiosity about the questions. D. To refresh their memory of extinct wild animals.
29. What can be learned about dopamine according to Paragraph 3?
A. It blocks memory. B. It improves learning.
C. It promotes friendship D. It cures neural disorder.
30. Which message about learning does the unexpected finding deliver?
A. Raise interest in study. B. Focus on essential information.
C. Make learning materials related. D. Attach importance to memorization.
【答案】27. C 28. C 29. B 30. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍好奇心可以帮助记忆和提高学习兴趣。
【27题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段“Consider a study at the University of California at Davis in 2014. The researchers first asked each participant to rate their curiosity about learning the answers to a series of questions, such as “What does the term ‘dinosaur’ actually mean?” The participants then lay in an fMRI brain scanner (扫描仪) while the same questions were presented, followed shortly after by the answers. The participants were then tested on their recollection of the facts an hour later. (想想2014年加州大学戴维斯分校的一项研究。研究人员首先要求每个参与者对一系列问题的答案进行好奇心评估，比如“‘恐龙”这个词到底是什么意思？”然后，参与者躺在功能核磁共振扫描仪中，同时提出同样的问题，然后很快就会给出答案。一小时后，测试参与者对这些事实的记忆)”和第三段的“The effects of curiosity on later recall were striking.(好奇心对后来回忆的影响是显著的)”可推断，这项研究关注的是好奇心对记忆力的影响。故选C。
【28题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段“The researchers first asked each participant to rate their curiosity about learning the answers to a series of questions (研究人员首先要求每个参与者对一系列问题的答案进行好奇心评估)”可知，首先向参与者提出问题的目的是要衡量他们对问题的好奇心。故选C。
【29题详解】
推理判断题。根据第三段“Dopamine is normally associated with reward, but animal studies suggest that it can also enhance the formation of new neural(神经的) connections. It looked as if the feeling of curiosity was helping prepare the brain to absorb the new and important information, and this then resulted in a more stable memory. (多巴胺通常与奖赏有关，但动物研究表明，它也能促进新的神经连接的形成。似乎好奇的感觉有助于大脑准备吸收新的重要信息，这会导致记忆更加稳定)”可推断，多巴胺促进新的神经连接的形成，有助于大脑吸收新知识，导致记忆稳定，因此推断它可能有利于学习。故选B。
【30题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段“This additional, and unexpected, memory boost could be extremely useful whenever we’re trying to learn something new and complicated. We’re unlikely, after all, to find every single element of our studies interesting. But if we can develop some curiosity about at least some of the facts, we may find that the rest of the material also sticks far more easily. (当我们努力学习新的复杂的东西时，这种额外的、意想不到的记忆增强可能会非常有用。毕竟，我们不太可能发现我们研究中的每一个元素都很有趣。但是，如果我们能对至少一些事实产生好奇心，我们可能就会发现，其余的材料也更容易铭记在心)”可知，这个意外的发现表明好奇心可以激发学习兴趣。故选A。
第二节(共5小题：每小题2. 5分, 满分12. 5分)
阅读下面短文, 从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Camping Tips &Tricks for a Fun Trip
Many people idealize camping trips as being this easy, effortless encounter with destinations rich with natural landscapes and nights under the stars twinkling in the sky above. ____31____ That’s why we’ve prepared the best camping tips for you!
Plan accordingly, and then plan again. When you’re out in the middle of nowhere, you have to be equipped to nature’s challenges. ____32____ Therefore, a plan for unexpected weather changes is essential to a successful camping trip. For example, consider packing extra suppliers like blankets. While that might seem like a huge inconvenience, the biggest and real issue occurs when you need something you don’t have.
Know what you need. ____33____ Not all beginner campers will need the top-of-the-line, latest supplies. But you should have at least the basics! That includes a decent tent with enough room for people camping with you, a good sleeping bag appropriate for the season, and other supplies like food and water. You’d better create a convenient checklist that lays out everything that you should consider.
____34____ When you’re far away from the major conveniences we rely upon like an urgent care center, police stations, and emergency rooms, you should always remember that safety is your first priority! ____35____ A first aid kit is a great starting point, but it’s certainly not the end of maximizing your safety efforts. Depending on where you plan to camp, you’ll want to grab these items that cover you in most emergency situations: a pocket knife, a fire starter, and a safety whistle.
Ready to go camping? Now you know what to expect and how to prepare for your next camping trip, so you actually have fun—rain or shine!
A. Always choose a safe campsite.
B. Never leave home without safety in mind.
C. We encourage you to create a safety supply kit.
D. Camping doesn’t have to be complicated or expensive.
E. A clear 3-day forecast can easily shift into a sudden heavy rain.
F. To maximize your comfort, always bring appropriate clothes for cold and rain.
G. But for beginner campers, those expectations can rapidly turn into a mess of reality.
【答案】31. G 32. E 33. D 34. B 35. C
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了几条露营小技巧：做好相应地计划A，然后还需要B计划以应对变化的自然；按需准备露营物资；永远考虑安全，应急安全包很重要。
【31题详解】
后文“That’s why we’ve prepared the best camping tips for you!(这就是为什么我们为您准备了最好的露营小贴士！)”讲述的是结果：准备露营小贴士。因此，设空句应是讲述这样做的原因，呼应“why”。选项G“But for beginner campers, those expectations can rapidly turn into a mess of reality.(但对于初学露营的人来说，这些期望很快就会变成现实的混乱。)”解释了原因，且在句意上与前文构成转折关系，前后衔接紧密。故选G项。
【32题详解】
前文“When you’re out in the middle of nowhere, you have to be equipped to nature’s challenges.(当你身处偏僻之地时，你必须准备好迎接大自然的挑战。)”提到了“自然的挑战”，后文“Therefore, a plan for unexpected weather changes is essential to a successful camping trip.(因此，应对意外天气变化的计划对于成功的露营旅行至关重要。)”提到了“不可预料的天气变化”，因此，设空句应同样涉及“天气”话题，以与前后文衔接。选项E“A clear 3-day forecast can easily shift into a sudden heavy rain.(一个晴朗的3天预报很容易转变为突然的大雨。)”符合题意，承上启下。故选E项。
33题详解】
根据主旨句“Know what you need.(知道你需要什么。)”可知，该段讲述的是对于露营物资方面的准备，且后文“Not all beginner campers will need the top-of-the-line, latest supplies. But you should have at least the basics!(并非所有初学者都需要顶级的最新用品。但你至少应该有基础知识！)”讲述了“适当”这一原则，因此设空句要呼应主题“露营物质”和“适当”。选项D“Camping doesn’t have to be complicated or expensive.(露营不必复杂或昂贵。)”贴合主题，符合分析。故选D项。
【34题详解】
根据后文“When you’re far away from the major conveniences we rely upon like an urgent care center, police stations. and emergency rooms, you should always remember that safety is your first priority!(当你远离我们所依赖的主要便利设施，如紧急护理中心、警察局和急诊室时，你应该永远记住，安全是你的第一要务！)”可知，该段强调的是“露营的安全”，设空句作为主旨句，应突出“安全”。选项B“Never leave home without safety in mind.(永远不要离开家而不考虑安全。)”符合题意，可以作为小标题。故选B项。
【35题详解】
根据前文“When you’re far away from the major conveniences we rely upon like an urgent care center, police stations. and emergency rooms, you should always remember that safety is your first priority!(当你远离我们所依赖的主要便利设施，如紧急护理中心、警察局和急诊室时，你应该永远记住，安全是你的第一要务！)”和下文“A first aid kit is a great starting point, but it’s certainly not the end of maximizing your safety efforts.(急救箱是一个很好的起点，但它肯定不是最大限度地提高安全努力的终点。)”可知，作者在这里强调了外出的安全，并且提到了急救箱。由此推知，空处内容应与急救箱有关，选项C“We encourage you to create a safety supply kit.(我们鼓励您创建一个安全供应包。)”符合分析。故选C项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节, 满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
When my daughter was in grade school, she brought home four tiny branches one day. They were small ____36____ given to the students to plant. None of them looked very strong, but with a ____37____ for the future, I planted them in our backyard. Over the years the ____38____ soil brought an end to three of them.
All that was ____39____ was a single evergreen. It never got very tall and ____40____ to one side. Then, I noticed that it was starting to ____41____. The lower branches were becoming brown. Only the top ones of the tree were still ____42____.
I did my best to ____43____ it by feeding it a lot of fertilizer (肥料), but it seemed hopeless. One morning I went out and looked at it again, ____44____ if it would be better to just cut it down. As I walked over to take a closer look at it, _____45_____, I noticed something moving among the branches. It was a bird _____46_____ building a nest (巢) in the topmost branches. I smiled and _____47_____ that maybe this old tree had some life and usefulness left in it yet. It may not be healthy or pretty, but it was still giving a bird a _____48_____.
This tree _____49_____ me that all of our lives have a purpose. It doesn’t matter if we are young and strong, or old and sick. Until our last _____50_____ we still have things to do: love for us to give, and joy for us to share. We can help to make this world a better and lovelier place.
36. A. flowers B. seeds C. trees D. vegetables
37. A. life B. hope C. chance D. end
38. A. rich B. soft C. poor D. deep
39. A. left B. gone C. deserted D. planted
40. A. turned B. bent C. sank D. flew
41. A. take B. lose C. grow D. die
42. A. green B. brown C. tiny D. pretty
43. A. change B. cut C. use D. save
44. A. regretting B. asking C. wondering D. knowing
45. A. however B. therefore C. moreover D. otherwise
46. A. freely B. busily C. gently D. slowly
47. A. explored B. shouted C. decided D. wished
48. A. home B. purpose C. branch D. way
49. A. upset B. reminded C. ensured D. affected
50. A. night B. lesson C. word D. breath
【答案】36. C 37. B 38. C 39. A 40. B 41. D 42. A 43. D 44. C 45. A 46. B 47. C 48. A 49. B 50. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者的儿子带回家四棵树，作者把它们种在后院，其中三棵死掉了，最后一棵濒临死亡，当作者决定砍倒最后一棵时，发现有鸟在树枝上筑巢，这让作者意识到，直到生命的最后一刻，我们都可以为社会做出贡献。
【36题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们是送给学生们种植的小树。A. flowers花；B. seeds种子；C. trees树；D. vegetables蔬菜。根据下文“Only the top ones of the tree were still _____.”中的“tree”可知，孩子拿回家种植的是树，由此可知，它们是送给学生们种植的小树。故选C项。
【37题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它们看起来都不太强壮，但出于对未来的希望，我把它们种在了后院。A. life生活；B. hope希望；C. chance机会；D. end结尾。根据句中“None of them looked very strong”可知，这些树看起来都不太强壮，由此可知，我认为它们很难存活，但出于对未来的希望，我把它们种在了后院。故选B项。
【38题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：多年来，贫瘠的土壤使其中三棵树死掉了。A. rich富饶的；B. soft柔软的；C. poor贫瘠的；D. deep深的。根据句中“brought an end to three of them”可知，其中三棵树死掉了，由此可知，土壤很贫瘠，不适合树存活。故选C项。
【39题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：只剩下一棵常青树。A. left剩余，剩下；B. gone去，走；C. deserted抛弃；D. planted种植。根据句中“brought an end to three of them”可知，其中三棵树死掉了，由此可知，只剩下一棵常青树了。故选A项。
【40题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：它从来没有长得很高，还总是向一侧弯曲。A. turned转动；B. bent弯曲；C. sank下沉；D. flew飞。根据下文“The lower branches were becoming brown.”可知，较低的枝条开始变成棕色，由此可知，这棵树生长的并不好，树干向一侧弯曲。故选B项。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然后，我注意到它开始死亡。A. take取走；B. lose丢失；C. grow生长；D. die死亡。根据下文“The lower branches were becoming brown.”可知，较低的枝条开始变成棕色，由此可知，这棵树生长的并不好，开始死亡。故选D项。
【42题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：只有树的顶端仍然是绿色的。A. green绿色的；B. brown棕色的；C. tiny极小的；D. pretty漂亮的。根据上文“The lower branches were becoming brown.”中的“brown”可知，较低的枝条开始变成棕色，由此可知，上下文形成对照，较低的枝条开始变成棕色，只有树的顶端仍然是绿色的。故选A项。
【43题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我尽了最大努力挽救它，给它施了很多肥料，但似乎没有希望了。A. change改变；B. cut切；C. use使用；D. save挽救。根据句中“by feeding it a lot of fertilizer”可知，我给这棵树施了很多肥料，由此可知，我尽了最大努力挽救它。故选D项。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天早上，我出去又看了一遍，想知道把它砍到是否更好。A. regretting后悔；B. asking询问；C. wondering想知道；D. knowing知道。根据上文“The lower branches were becoming brown.”可知，这棵树快要死了，由此可知，我想知道是否应该把它砍到。故选C项。
【45题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，当我走过去仔细看它时，我注意到有东西在树枝间移动。A. however然而；B. therefore因此；C. moreover此外；D. otherwise否则。根据句中“I noticed something moving among the branches”可知，我认为这棵树快要死了，应该是了无生气的，然而，我注意到有东西在树枝间移动，“however”意为“然而”，符合语境。故选A项。
【46题详解】
考查副词词义辨析。句意：那是一只鸟，正忙着在最顶端的树枝上筑巢。A. freely自由地；B. busily忙碌地；C. gently温柔地；D. slowly缓慢地。根据句中“building a nest (巢) in the topmost branches”可知，鸟在最顶端的树枝上筑巢，由此可知，它应该是正忙着筑巢。故选B项。
【47题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我笑了笑，决定也许这棵老树还剩下一些生命和用处。A. explored探索；B. shouted喊叫；C. decided决定；D. wished希望。根据上文“It was a bird _____ building a nest (巢) in the topmost branches.”可知，我看到一只鸟正忙着在树枝上筑巢，由此可知，这让我做出这棵老树还剩下一些用处的决定。故选C项。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：它可能不健康也不漂亮，但它仍然给了一只鸟一个家。A. home家；B. purpose目的；C. branch树枝；D. way方法。根据上文“It was a bird _____ building a nest (巢) in the topmost branches.”可知，一只鸟正忙着在树枝上筑巢，由此可知，这棵树给了一只鸟一个家。故选A项。
【49题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这棵树提醒我，我们所有人的生活都有目的。A. upset使心烦意乱；B. reminded提醒；C. ensured保证；D. affected影响。根据句中“all of our lives have a purpose”可知，“我们所有人的生活都有目的”是这棵树提醒我意识到的一个道理。故选B项。
【50题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：直到最后一次呼吸，我们还有很多事情要做：分享我们的爱，分享我们的快乐。我们可以帮助让这个世界变得更美好、更可爱。A. night夜晚；B. lesson教训；C. word单词；D. breath呼吸的空气。根据上文“It may not be healthy or pretty, but it was still giving a bird a ______.”可知，这棵树濒临死去，但它仍然给了一只鸟一个家，由此可知，句中指直到最后一次呼吸，我们都可以找到生命的价值，为世界做出贡献。故选D项。
第二节(共10小题;每小题1. 5分, 满分15分)
阅读下面短文, 在空白处填入1个适当单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
In Chongqing, a mountainous city in Southwest China famous for hotpot often served with beers or strong tea, the particular flavor of coffee is gaining ____51____.(popular)
In Daijiaxiang, an old community in the city, a newly-opened coffee street has turned everyone’s heads for ____52____ (it) unique design style. By using the existing first floors of several old buildings as shopfronts, the new street has brought modern atmosphere to the aged block ____53____transformed it into a desired destination among social media enthusiasts ____54____ (seek) photo opportunities and scenic views.
Wu Longquan, a 30-year-old shop owner, was the first one ____55____(run) a coffee shop here. “Although the community was quite old, its location, wonderful river view and old-fashioned architectural style all made it ____56____(true) attractive, ” Wu said.
Wu admitted that this is his dream coffee shop, ____57____ not only serves high-quality coffee but is also an expression ____58____his personality. He believes that each generation has its own attitude about coffee. In the past, coffee ____59____(consider)as only a promising business, but for his generation, it is part of lifestyle first, and a business second.
Since 2019, Wu ____60____ (open) five coffee shops and one bakery business that produces food to go with his coffee.
【答案】51. popularity
52. its 53. and
54. seeking
55. to run 56. truly
57. which 58. of
59. was considered
60. has opened
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了咖啡店在重庆的流行，咖啡的独特口味在重庆正越来越受欢迎。
【51题详解】
考查名词。句意：在重庆——中国西南部的一座山城，以火锅闻名，火锅通常配啤酒或浓茶，——独特的咖啡口味正越来越受欢迎。根据句意和空格前的动词gain以及所给形容词popular分析句子可知，空格处应该填入popular的名词形式popularity作动词gain的宾语。故填popularity。
52题详解】
考查形容词性物主代词。句意：在北京的老社区戴家巷，一条新开的咖啡街以其独特的设计风格吸引了所有人的目光。根据句意和所给代词it以及空格后的style分析句子可知，空格处应该填入形容词性物主代词its作定语，修饰后面的style。故填its。
【53题详解】
考查连词。句意：通过使用几座老建筑的现有一楼作为店面，新街道为老年人带来了现代氛围，并将其转变为社交媒体爱好者的理想目的地，以获得拍照机会和风景。根据句意和空格前的brought以及空格后的transformed分析句子可知，空格处应该填入连词and，连接brought和transformed。故填and。
【54题详解】
考查现在分词。句意：通过使用几座老建筑的现有一楼作为店面，新街道为老年人带来了现代氛围，并将其转变为社交媒体爱好者的理想目的地，以获得拍照机会和风景。根据句意和所给动词seek以及空格前的名词enthusiasts分析句子可知，空格处应该填入seek的非谓语形式作定语，修饰前面的名词enthusiasts；因为enthusiasts和动词seek之间是主动关系，所以应该用现在分词seeking作定语。故填seeking。
【55题详解】
考查不定式。句意：30岁店主吴龙泉是第一个在这里开咖啡店的人。因为one前面有the first修饰，所以后面应该用不定式形式作定语。故填to run。
【56题详解】
考查副词。句意：吴说：“虽然这个社区很古老，但它的地理位置、美妙的江景和老式的建筑风格都让它非常吸引人”。根据句意和空格后的形容词attractive以及所给形容词true分析句子可知，空格处应该填入true的副词形式truly，修饰后面的形容词attractive。故填truly。
【57题详解】
考查定语从句。句意：吴承认这是他梦想中的咖啡店，这里不仅提供高品质的咖啡，也是他个性的体现。根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的部分是一个非限制性定语从句，对先行词coffee shop进行限定说明；该定语从句缺少主语，所以空格处应该填入一个关系代词，代替先行词coffee shop在从句中作主语。故填which。
【58题详解】
考查介词。句意：吴承认这是他梦想中的咖啡店，这里不仅提供高品质的咖啡，也是他个性的体现。根据句意分析句子可知，空格后的部分是定语，修饰前面的名词expression，再由空格后的名词his personality可知，空格后应该填入一个介词表明expression和his personality关系，且意义为“关于，属于”，所以应该用介词of。故填of。
【59题详解】
考查时态、语态和主谓一致。句意：在过去，咖啡被认为是一个有前途的行业，但对他这一代人来说，咖啡首先是生活方式的一部分，其次是一门生意。根据句意分析句子可知，空格处是该句子的谓语部分，由时间状语in the past可知，句子应该用一般过去时；主语coffee和谓语动词consider之间是被动关系，所以句子应该用被动语态；根据主语coffee可知，谓语动词应该用单数形式。故填was considered。
【60题详解】
考查时态。句意：自2019年以来，吴开了五家咖啡店和一家烘焙店，为他的咖啡搭配食物。根据句意和所给动词open分析句子可知，空格处是该句子的谓语部分，由时间状语since 2019可知，句子应该用现在完成时。故填has opened。
第四部分 应用文写作(满分25分)
61. 你校上周六组织高一学生参观了“未来机器人制造公司（Future Robots）”。请你写一篇观后感，给校英文报投稿。内容包括：
1. 参观过程：
2. 你的收获和感想。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
A Visit to Future Robots
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】参考范文：
Last Saturday afternoon our school organized a visit to Future Robots for Senior One students, which turned out to be an instructive event.
During the visit, we learned about the procedure of making robots and listened to a lecture about robots’ development. Even better, there was a session for us to interact with those multifunctional robots.
I was utterly amazed by the great convenience technology has brought to our life and took great pride in the advances our country has made in technology. Moreover, I’m more determined to work hard for my dream —to become a scientist and do my bit for the promising future of our country.
【解析】
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。你校上周六组织高一学生参观了“未来机器人制造公司（Future Robots）”。请你写一篇观后感，给校英文报投稿。
【详解】1.词汇积累
有教育意义的：instructive→educational
此外：moreover→what’s more
为……骄傲：take great pride in→be proud of
完全地：utterly→completely
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Moreover, I’m more determined to work hard for my dream — to become a scientist and do my bit for the promising future of our country.
拓展句：Moreover, I’m more determined to work hard for my dream, which is to become a scientist and do my bit for the promising future of our country.
【点睛】[高分句型1] Last Saturday afternoon our school organized a visit to Future Robots for Senior One students, which turned out to be an instructive event. (运用了which引导非限制性定语从句)
[高分句型2] During the visit, we learned about the procedure of making to bots and listened to a lecture about robots’ development. (运用了动名词作宾语)