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专题06 非谓语动词 ——2023年高中英语学业水平考试专项精讲+测试（通用版）
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这是一份专题06 非谓语动词 ——2023年高中英语学业水平考试专项精讲+测试（通用版），共24页。试卷主要包含了分词作状语，动词不定式作状语，动名词作定语，分词作表语等内容，欢迎下载使用。
必过06 非谓语动词
知识过关
一．非谓语动词做状语
1．分词作状语
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语；一般在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随等状语。
(1)现在分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的，它们之间是主动关系。
Hearing the news, they got excited.
听到这个消息，他们很兴奋。
(2)过去分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系。
Given the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.
如果给予正确的训练，这些青少年足球运动员有一天也许会成为国际明星。
2．动词不定式作状语
(1)动词不定式作状语主要用来表示目的，有时也可以表示结果、原因等。
She was surprised to see George walk in.
看到乔治进来，她很惊讶。
(2)动词不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do, so as to do, to do等，但so as to do不能置于句首。
In order to pass the exam, he worked hard.
为了通过考试，他努力学习。
(3)作目的状语的动词不定式动作必须是主语发出的。
To learn English well, his father bought him a dictionary.(×)
二．非谓语动词作定语
1．动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位关系。
She is always the first to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系)
她总是第一个到，最后一个离开。
Have you got a letter to write？(动宾关系)
你有一封信要写吗？
Do you have the ability to read and write in English?
(同位关系)
你有用英语读写的能力吗？
2．分词作定语
(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式为doing, being done和done。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用doing；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作正在进行时，用being done；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作已完成时，用done。
I have never seen a more moving film.
我没看过比这部更令人感动的电影。
The houses being built are for the teachers.
正在建的房子是给老师的。
The broken glass is Tom's.
这个打破了的杯子是汤姆的。
(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为doing和done, doing表示正在进行；done表示已经完成。
boiling water 正沸腾的水 boiled water开水
3．动名词作定语
动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能。
a walking stick ＝ a stick for walking 手杖
a sleeping car ＝ a car for sleeping 卧铺车
三．非谓语动词作补语
1．后接动词不定式作补语的动词及动词短语
(1)有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语＋宾语＋to do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：
advise建议 allow允许 ask询问；要求
beg恳求 cause导致 encourage鼓励
permit准许 forbid禁止 force强迫
intend打算 invite邀请 order命令；要求
persuade说服 prefer更喜欢 require需要；要求
teach教 remind提醒 tell告诉
want想要 warn警告 wish希望；想要
wait for等待 call on号召；要求 depend on依靠
She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.
她耐心地向学生解释了所有的规则，并要求每个人都遵循这些规则。
He depends on you to help him with his English.
他指望你帮助他学英语。
(2)下列动词接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：
一感 (feel)，二听(hear, listen to)，三让(let，have, make)，五看 (see, notice, observe, watch, look at)，半帮助 (help)，但在变为被动语态时需加to。
Nobody saw him come in.(主动语态)没人看见他进来。
The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被动语态)
有人看见小偷进了银行。
(3)下列句型中常用动词不定式作主语补足语，它们是：
sb. be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have been done sth.
He is said to have been cheated in the street.
据说，他在大街上被骗了。
The accident is reported to have killed two people.
据报道，那次事故中有两人丧生。
2．非谓语动词作感官动词(短语)、使役动词的宾补
(1)感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel的宾语补足语有四种形式， 以see为例：
I saw him leave a few minutes ago.
我看见他几分钟前离开了。
As I got closer, I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.
当我走近时，我看见他的腿在空中乱踢，并且呼吸沉重。
I'd like to see the plan carried out.
我想看到这个计划被执行。
(2)使役动词make, let, have, get后接复合宾语的情况：
①make＋宾语＋
The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after school.老师让一些学生放学后待在教室里。
He tried to make himself understood.
他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚了。
②let＋宾语＋
Don't let your child play with matches.
别让你的孩子玩火柴。
Let the work be done immediately.
工作要马上去做。
He had the computer working all the night.
他让电脑工作了一夜。
He had his wallet stolen on his way home.
在回家的路上，他的钱包被偷了。
She got her bike running very fast.
她把自行车骑得飞快。
I'll get my bike repaired tomorrow.
我明天要(请人)修一下我的自行车。
3．动词leave, keep, find, catch后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况
(2)keep
(3)find
(4)catch sb. doing sth. 撞见某人正在做某
四．非谓语动词作宾语
1．动词不定式作宾语
(1)跟不定式作宾语的动词：
决心学会想希望，
拒绝设法愿假装
decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish;
refuse, manage, care, pretend
主动答应选计划，
同意请求帮一帮
offer, promise, choose, plan;
agree, ask/beg, help
(2)动词tell, show, understand, know, explain, teach, learn, advise等常接“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。
Please tell me when to start the project.
请告诉我何时开始这个项目。
(3)在某些动词如find, think, consider, feel, make, believe后，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。
We think it our duty to protect the environment.
我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。
2．动名词作宾语
(1)常跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想
consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏
avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate
禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准避免
forbid/avoid, imagine, risk; can't help (禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape
(2)由“动词＋介词”构成的短语，其后跟动名词作宾语，常见的有be/get used to (习惯于), feel like (想要), insist on (坚持), get down to (开始认真做某事), devote ... to ... (致力于……), object to (反对), stick to (坚持), give up (放弃)等。
It's time I got down to thinking about that essay.
我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。
(3)下列动词或短语既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：
五．非谓语动词作主语、表语及其他
1．动词不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语，即动词不定式移到句子的后面。
It's a great pleasure to talk with you.
和你交谈是一种很大的乐趣。
[名师指津] 在“It is/was＋adj.＋for/of sb. to do sth.”结构中：若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of，此时形容词常为kind, nice, foolish, generous等词，且sb.与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for。
It is generous of him to contribute so much.
他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。
It was important for us to live a lowcarbon life.
过低碳生活对我们来说很重要。
2．动名词作主语
动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作。下列句型中常用动名词作主语：
(1)It is/was a waste (of ...)/no use/no good doing sth.
(2)There is/was no sense/no point (in) doing sth.
It is no good coming before that.
在那之前来没有用。
There is no sense (in) worrying about it now.
现在大可不必为那件事忧虑。
3．动词不定式与动名词作表语
动词不定式作表语表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作，而动名词作表语表示通常的情况。
My dream is to enter Beijing University.
我的梦想是考入北京大学。
My job is teaching you English.
我的工作是教你们英语。
4．分词作表语
表示事物的特征或性质时，表语用现在分词；表示人的内心感受时，表语用过去分词。
Please describe a dog that is frightening.
请描述一只令人害怕的狗。
Please describe a dog that is frightened.
请描述一只惊恐的狗。
六．独立主格结构
独立主格结构的几种形式：
1．名词/代词(主格)＋非谓语动词
Weather permitting, we shall play the match tomorrow. (permit的逻辑主语是Weather而非we)
明天如果天气好，我们就进行比赛。
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.(fix的逻辑主语是his eyes而非he)
他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
2．名词/代词(主格)＋形容词/副词/介词短语
The students were having a discussion, their faces (being) red with excitement.
学生们正在讨论，因为激动，他们的脸都红了。
The boy came in, sword in hand.
男孩走进来，手里握着剑。
[名师指津] 为使句子简洁、明快，独立主格结构中的冠词或代词也常省略。
3．with/without＋宾语(名词/代词)＋宾语补足语(形容词/副词/介词短语/非谓语动词)
几乎所有的独立主格结构都可在其逻辑主语前加上with/without，构成with/without复合结构。
Without anyone noticing, I stole into the room.
没有人注意，我偷偷地溜进了屋。
非谓语动词的时态和语态
1．动词不定式的时态和语态
时态形式
意义
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
与句子谓语动词的动作同时发生或在谓语动词的动作之后发生
to do
to be
done
进行式
在谓语动词的动作发生时正在进行
to be
doing
完成式
在谓语动词的动作之前发生
to have
done
to have
been done
完成进
行式
发生在谓语动词的动作之前并且持续到谓语动词的动作发生时仍在进行
to have
been doing
The boy pretended to be studying hard when his teacher came in.
当老师进来的时候，那个男孩假装正在努力学习。
The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.
明天要举行的会议很重要。
2．动名词和现在分词的时态和语态
时态形式
意义
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
与谓语动词的动作同时或稍后发生
doing
being done
完成式
先于谓语动词的动作完成
having done
having been done
Do you like playing chess?
你喜欢下棋吗？
Having finished his homework, he went to bed.
完成作业后，他上床睡觉了。
3．非谓语动词的主动语态表示被动意义
(1)动词不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
This book is difficult to understand.
这本书很难理解。
(2)动词need, want, require作“需要”讲时，后跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，也可跟不定式的被动结构；be worth后也用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
Your paper needs checking/to be checked again.
你的试卷需要再检查一遍。
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1．From dawn to dusk, he works countless hours_________(support) his family. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2．You will be cheated if you don’t watch_________. (用适当的词填空)
3．John had no sisters or brothers and wasn’t used to_________(share).(所给词的适当形式填空)
4．Students take turns ________ be on duty in the school. （用适当的词填空）
5．A charity is a nonprofit organization, ________ (function) as a platform to offer help to people in need. （所给词的适当形式填空）
6．We sat at the table, ________ (chat) about the measures taken to protect the endangered animals. （所给词的适当形式填空）
7．With all the evidence ________ (confirm), the hunter who shot the rare animal to death was caught. （所给词的适当形式填空）
8．I recommend________ (make) seat reservations in advance, because this is a popular film and there will be a lot of audience. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9．The guy found two policemen ________(stand) next to his car. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10．I hold the firm belief that my suggestions will be of great help to you. I’m looking forward to ________(hear)from you as soon as possible. (所给词的适当形式填空)
11．Driving requires ________ (concentrate). Speaking on the phone takes a driver’s attention from the road. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12．________ (impress) with my performance, the interviewers gave me the highest mark in the job interview. (所给词的适当形式填空)
13．________(impress)the students with the importance of environmental protection, Mr Smith is trying to make detailed preparations for his lecture. (所给词的适当形式填空)
14．________ (design) a splendid hotel, Mr Huxley has no time for relaxation these days. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15．Rather than _______________ (discuss) all of these questions at length, we prefer _______________ (focus) on the impact of the heavy snow. (所给词的适当形式填空)
16．_______________ (compare) with the escaped driver, I am proud of what I did. (所给词的适当形式填空)
17．There is no sense in _______________ (complain). We should take action now. (所给词的适当形式填空)
18．Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines _______________ (write) a book. (所给词的适当形式填空)
19．When her mother came in, she pretended _______________ (fall) asleep. (所给词的适当形式填空)
20．Summer makes me full of energy and I feel I have the strength _______________ (do) the most difficult thing in my life. (所给词的适当形式填空)
21．________ (compare) with our opponent (对手), we have a little advantage. （所给词的适当形式填空）
22．The means of ________(preserve) meat, fish and vegetables by using salt dates back to thousands of years ago. （所给词的适当形式填空）
23．Some________(process) food is regarded to be harmful to our body. （所给词的适当形式填空）
24．I consider it no use________ (quarrel) with him about it because he is too stubborn. (所给词的适当形式填空)
25．It was the culture, rather than the language, that made it hard for him________ (adapt) to the new environment abroad. (所给词的适当形式填空)
26．Teenagers________ (addict) to the Internet are more likely to suffer from depression. (所给词的适当形式填空)
27．My parents are content________ (live) in the country, where the air is fresh and clean. (所给词的适当形式填空)
28．While the younger generations prefer________ (communicate) visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve (曲线). (所给词的适当形式填空)
29．I prefer my English classes________ (give) in English only. (所给词的适当形式填空)
30．________(date)back to 300 years ago,the stone house is well preserved. (所给词的适当形式填空)
31．My car demands________ (repair), so I have to go to work by bus. (所给词的适当形式填空)
32．The teacher came to the classroom and demanded________ (tell) what was going on just now. (所给词的适当形式填空)
33．He is equal to________ (accomplish) the task, for no one equals him________ the area. (所给词的适当形式填空)
34．I’d appreciate your________ (write) me back at your earliest convenience. (所给词的适当形式填空)
35．________ (base) on a true love story, the film we watched yesterday is highly thought of. (所给词的适当形式填空)
36．This problem is not easy _______________ (figure) out. (所给词的适当形式填空)
37．She had requested the community________ (turn) it into a museum upon her death. (所给词的适当形式填空)
二、完成句子
38．救援人员移开砖块搜寻幸存者。(一句多译)
①The rescue workers removed the bricks_________. ( search n. )
②The rescue workers removed the bricks_________. ( search v. )
39．Elephants need large living spaces, so________.
大象需要很大的生活空间，因此对他们来说，适应这些变化很难。
40．Do you have any more tips for________the Internet safely?
你有更多关于如何安全上网的建议吗?
41．如果您能考虑我的建议，我将不胜感激。盼望早日收到您的回复。
I’d appreciate it if you could take my suggestion into consideration. I am ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
42．通过团结和努力抗击这个可怕的疾病，我们中国人民最终战胜了它。
_________________, our Chinese people finally defeated it.
43．比较不同品牌的质量，你就知道该怎么做出选择。
__________________ the quality of different brands and you will know how to make a choice.(祈使句)
__________________ the quality of different brands, you will know how to make a choice.(分词作状语)
44．我在街上见到她时，她装作不认识我，这确实使我很难过。
She ________________________________________ when we met in the street, which really made me upset.(宾语从句)
She ________________________________________ when we met in the street, which really made me upset.(不定式)
45．加强意志力（willpower）的最好方法就是把它变成一种习惯。
The best way ________________________________________ is to make it into a habit.
46．________is very important for understanding oneself.
欣赏自已国家的文化遗产对于了解自己的国家很重要。
47．我们的英语老师建议我们多读书来扩大词汇量。
Our English teacher recommended that_________________.
48．公司里没有人知道如何解决这个棘手的任务。
No one in the company knows________________.
49．孩子们宁愿骑自行车到乡下去，也不愿整天待在家里。(一句多译)
(1)The children preferred________ to the countryside to________ indoors all day.
(2)The children preferred________ to the countryside rather than________ indoors all day.
(3)The children would rather________ to the countryside than________ indoors all day.
(4)The children________ to the countryside rather than________ indoors all day.
50．它们不仅使人们在晚上很难睡觉，而且还损害着我们具有历史价值的房子和商店。
They not only ________________ at night, but they are doing damage to our houses and shops of historical interest.
51．在一年的四个季节中，夏天是我最喜欢的季节。早晨的空气呼吸起来棒极了。
Among the four seasons in a year, summer is my favourite. The morning air is ______________.
52．这个小男孩太小了而不能举起这个沉重的石头。
The little boy is ____________ the heavy stone.
53．李老师要求我们每天早晨大声朗读半小时的英语。(一句多译)
(1)Mr Li requests that______________ every morning.
(2)Mr Li requests us________________ every morning.
54．在中秋节期间，家庭成员常常欢聚一堂，一起吃饭、赏月并品尝月饼。
During the MidAutumn Festival, family members often gather together________.
三、句型转换
55．What you said has completely removed my doubts.(同义句转换)
→What you said_________. ( have+宾语+宾语补足语)
56．Because he concentrated his attention on playing network games, he didn’t notice the kitchen was on fire. (同义句转换)
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ playing network games, he didn’t notice the kitchen was on fire. (with复合结构)
________ ________ ________ ________ playing network games, he didn’t notice the kitchen was on fire. (现在分词短语作状语)
57．Those beautiful papercutting works will surely impress you. (同义句转换)
Those beautiful papercutting works will surely ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.(impression)
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ are those beautiful papercutting works.(what引导主语从句)
58．This project was designed to help the students in need. But it just didn’t work out as planned. (同义句转换)
This project ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ just didn’t work out as planned.(过去分词短语作定语)
This project ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ just didn’t work out as planned.(定语从句)
59．I decide to perform well in the final exam, so I’m occupied in preparing for it. (同义句转换)
I ________________________________________ to perform well in the final exam, so I’m occupied in preparing for it.
________________________________________ in the final exam, I’m occupied in preparing for it. (分词短语作状语)
60．(普通表达)I think reading in bed is no good, which does great harm to your eyes.(同义句转换)
(高级表达)I________ in bed, which does great harm to your eyes.(it作形式宾语)
61．(普通表达) She was attracted by the beauty of the West Lake, so she decided to stay another two days.(同义句转换)
(高级表达)________________,she decided to stay another two days. (过去分词作状语)
62．(普通表达)The festival is held in November every year. It dates back to the Ming Dynasty to celebrate the harvest in autumn.(同义句转换)
(高级表达)The festival________________ to celebrate the harvest in autumn is held in November every year. (现在分词短语作定语)
63．(普通表达)Dina had struggled for months to find a job as a waitress, and finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(同义句转换)
(高级表达)________________ a job as a waitress, Dina finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(现在分词短语作状语)
64．(普通表达)The movie was based on a reallife incident. And it turned out to be a success.(同义句转换)
(高级表达)The movie,________________ a reallife incident, turned out to be a success. (过去分词短语作定语)
65．I was struck by his inspiring words, and I decided to make efforts to improve my English. (同义句转换)
_____________, I decided to make efforts to improve my English. (过去分词短语作状语)
66．You are so diligent that I'll try my best to help you know more about Tang poems. (同义句转换)
You are so diligent that I'll ________ help you know more about Tang poems.
You are so diligent that I'll _______help you know more about Tang poems.(what引导宾语从句)
67．After we survived that night, we were confident that everything else would be all right. (同义句转换)
____________, we were confident that everything else would be all right. (现在分词短语作状语)
68．He had never suffered such a great loss before in his life, so he almost lost the hope for life. (同义句转换)
Never before in his life ____________,so he almost lost the hope for life.(倒装)
Not ____________ before in his life, he almost lost the hope for life. (现在分词短语作状语)
69．Many young people were deeply affected/moved/touched by his story and began to do volunteer work for the disabled. (同义句转换)
__________ his story, many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled. (过去分词短语作状语)
70．Because he buried himself in/was buried in his book, he didn't notice that all the others had left. (同义句转换)
____________, he didn’t notice that all the others had left. (现在分词短语作状语)
____________, he didn’t notice that all the others had left. (过去分词短语作状语)
71．(普通表达)If you apply yourself to the job in hand, you’ll soon finish it.(同义句转换)
(高级表达)________________，you’ll soon finish it.(现在分词短语作状语)
72．Many kids are addicted to surfing the Net, so they have lost interest in study.(同义句转换)
→________________, many kids have lost interest in study.(分词短语作状语)
参考答案：
1．to support
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他从早到晚工作无数个小时，养家糊口。作目的状语应用不定式。故填to support。
2．out
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：如果你不当心，你会被骗的。根据句意和空格前的动词watch可知，该题是考查固定短语watch out（当心；留心）。故填out。
3．sharing
【详解】考查动名词。句意：约翰没有兄弟姐妹，不习惯与人分享。根据句意和所给动词share以及空格前的介词to可知，空格处应该填入share的动名词形式sharing，作介词to的宾语。故填sharing。
4．to
【详解】考查短语。句意：学生们在学校轮流值日。take turns to do“轮流做……”。根据句意，故填to。
5．functioning
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：慈善机构是一个非盈利组织，功能是作为一个平台，为需要帮助的人提供帮助。设空为状语成分，用非谓语动词形式作状语，function与逻辑主语charity是主动关系，用现在分词做状语。故填functioning。
6．chatting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们坐在桌旁，谈论为保护濒危动物所采取的措施。分析句子结构可知chat在句中与逻辑主语we构成主动关系，故用现在分词在句中作状语。故填chatting。
7．confirmed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在所有证据证实的情况下，射杀这种稀有动物的猎人被抓住了。with的复合结构，且evidence和confirm之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词表被动，做evidence的宾语补足语。故填confirmed。
8．making
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我建议提前预定座位，因为这是一部受欢迎的电影，观众会很多。根据“recommend doing sth建议做某事”可知，recommend后面使用动词的动名词形式，所以空格处应当使用make的动名词形式。故填making。
9．standing
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：这家伙发现两个警察站在他的车旁边。根据“next to his car”可知，此处是指发现某人正在做某事，应用固定搭配find sb doing，此处是用现在分词作宾语补足语。动词stand意为“站立”，和逻辑主语policemen构成主动关系。故填standing。
10．hearing
【详解】考查动名词。句意：我坚信我的建议对你会有很大的帮助。我期待着尽快收到您的回信。根据句意和空格前的介词to以及所给动词hear可知，空格处应该填入hear的动名词形式作look forward to的宾语。故填hearing。
11．concentration
【详解】考查名词。句意：开车需要专心。打电话会让司机的注意力从路上转移开。分析句子结构可知，谓语动词requires缺少宾语，可以用名词形式作宾语。且根据句意和提示，可填concentration，其不可数，故填concentration。
12．Impressed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：面试官对我的表现印象深刻，在面试中给了我最高分。短语be impressed with表示“对……印象深刻”，省略be动词用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Impressed。
13．To impress
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了让学生们深刻认识到环境保护的重要性，史密斯先生正在为他的讲座做详细的准备。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了让学生们深刻认识到环境保护的重要性”，表目的，用不定式短语作目的状语。故填To impress
14．Designing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于赫胥黎先生正在设计一家豪华酒店，这些天没有时间放松。分析句子结构可知，横线处应填入非谓语动词。根据句意可知，此处表示“进行”，且逻辑主语Mr Huxley 与动词design是“主谓关系”，应用现在分词形式的非谓语动词。故填Designing。
15． discuss to focus
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我们宁愿把重点放在大雪的影响上，而不是详细讨论所有这些问题。第一空为短语rather than do sth.表示“不做某事”；第二空为短语prefer to do sth.表示“宁愿做某事”。故填①discuss；②to focus。
16．Compared
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与逃跑的司机相比，我为自己的所作所为感到骄傲。分析句子可知，句中有系动词“am”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“compare…with…”意为“把……和……相比较”，句子主语“I”和“compare”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用“compare”的过去分词“compared”作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Compared。
17．complaining
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：抱怨是没有意义的。我们现在应该采取行动。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定句型“There is no sense in doing sth.”，意为“做某事没有意义”，“complain”意为“抱怨”，动词词性，动名词形式为“complaining”。故填complaining。
18．to write
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：天晓得是什么动机驱使，他决定写一本书。determine to do sth. “决定做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故填to write。
19．to have fallen
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当她妈妈进来时，她假装睡着了。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“pretend to have done sth.”，意为“假装已经做某事”，应用不定式的完成式“to have done”作宾语，强调动作已经完成，“fall”的过去分词为“fallen”，故空格处应填“to have fallen”。故填to have fallen。
20．to do
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：夏天让我充满活力，我觉得我有力量去做我生命中最困难的事情。短语 have the strength to do sth.表示“有力量做某事”。故填to do。
21．Compared
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与我们的对手相比，我们有一点优势。空处为非谓语动词作状语，与后句为同一主语，即we，和动词compare是被动关系，故应用过去分词表被动，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Compared。
22．preserving
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：用盐保存肉、鱼和蔬菜的方法可以追溯到几千年前。设空在句中做介词of的宾语，且空后带有宾语，故用动词的ing形式。故填preserving。
23．processed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一些加工食品被认为对我们的身体有害。设空在句中做定语，与名词food之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词形式，意为“被加工的”。故填processed。
24．quarrelling
【详解】考查动名词。句意：我认为和他为这件事争吵是没有用的，因为他太固执了。分析句子结构可知句中it作形式宾语，no use作宾语补足语。no use作宾语补足语时，动名词作真正的宾语。故填quarrelling。
25．to adapt
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：使他难以适应国外新环境的是文化，而不是语言。此处为make it adj. for sb. to do sth.，it作形式宾语，不定式为真正宾语。故填to adapt。
26．addicted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：沉迷于网络的青少年更容易患抑郁症。此处addict在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语teenagers构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填addicted。
27．to live
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我父母很满意住在乡下，那里的空气新鲜干净。固定短语be content to do sth 意为“满足于做某事”符合句意，故填to live。
28．to communicate##communicating
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然年轻一代更喜欢用视觉方式交流，但对于那些习惯于使用电子邮件等传统工具的人来说，这可能是一个学习曲线。prefer to do...或者prefer doing...为固定搭配，表示“更喜欢……”，因此填communicating或者to communicate，作宾语。故填communicating/to communicate。
29．to be given
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我更喜欢我的英语课只用英语授课。句中prefer是谓语动词，English classes作宾语，设空处作后置定语应该用不定式，所给词give与English classes是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以此空应用不定式的被动形式to be given。故填to be given。
30．Dating
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这座石头房子有300年的历史，保存完好。分析句子成分可知，谓语动词为is preserved，无连接词，所以提示词应为非谓语动词。date back to为固定搭配“追溯到……”，为不及物动词短语，所以其非谓语形式应为doing。故填Dating。
31．to be repaired##repairing
【详解】考查动名词和不定式。句意：我的车需要修理，所以我不得不乘公共汽车上班。sth. demand doing/to be done是固定短语，意为“某物需要被做”，动名词和不定式的被动语态作宾语，故填to be repaired/repairing。
32．to be told
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：老师来到教室，要求告诉刚才发生了什么事。demand to do sth. “要求做某事”，又因demand的主语为“The teacher”，老师要求别人告诉他，那老师就是被告诉。所以应为demand to be done。故填to be told。
33． accomplishing in
【详解】考查动名词和介词。句意：他能胜任这项工作，因为在这方面没有人能和他相比。be equal to doing是固定短语，意为“胜任做某事”，因此第一空用动名词accomplishing作宾语，area意为“领域”，表达“在……领域”前面介词用in，故填accomplishing，in。
34．writing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果您方便回信给我的话，我将非常感激。此处作宾语，构成动名词的复合结构，应填writing。故填writing。
35．Based
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们昨天看的那部电影根据一个真实的爱情故事改编，很受好评。短语be based on表示“基于”，省略be动词，用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Based。
36．to figure
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个问题不容易解决。此处为be easy to do sth.，应填不定式。故填to figure。
37．to turn
【详解】考查不定式。句意：她要求社区在她死后把它变成一个博物馆。根据句意和句中的动词request以及所给动词turn可知，该题是考查动词request的用法：request somebody to do something（要求某人做某事）。故填to turn。
38． in search of any survivor/in their search for any survivor to search for any survivor
【详解】1.考查固定短语和名词。根据汉语提示，“搜寻”可以用固定短语in search of或in one’s search for表示；“幸存者”可以翻译为survivor。故填in search of any survivor或 in their search for any survivor。
2.考查不定式、固定短语和名词。根据句意分析句子可知，空格处可以用不定式作目的状语；“搜寻”可以用固定短语search for表示，“幸存者”翻译为survivor。故填to search for any survivor。
39．it’s difficult for them to adapt to the changes
【详解】考查固定句型和非谓语动词。“……对某人来说很难”可用固定句型：it’s difficult for sb. to do sth.表示，其中it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语；“他们”在句中作介词for的宾语，用宾格代词them表示，“适应这些变化”用不定式短语to adapt to the changes表示。故填it’s difficult for them to adapt to the changes。
40．how to surf
【详解】考查特殊疑问词+动词不定式的结构。表示“如何”应用特殊疑问词how；表示“上网”应用动词短语surf the Internet；分析句子结构和意思可知，这里用特殊疑问词+动词不定式的结构。故填how to surf。
41． looking forward to receiving your early reply
【详解】考查动词，名词和时态。根据句子分析可知，这里应用现在进行时，“盼望”为固定搭配look forward to，to是介词，“早日收到您的回复”为receive your early reply，放在介词to后面，receive应用动名词，表示“盼望早日收到您的回复”翻译为looking forward to receiving your early reply。故填looking forward to receiving your early reply。
42．By uniting and working hard to fight against the terrible disease
【详解】考查动名词和固定短语。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“通过团结和努力抗击这个可怕的疾病”，“通过”是by，位于句首，首字母大写，其后用动名词作宾语，“团结”是unite，动名词是uniting，“努力抗击”是work hard to fight against，用动名词working作by的宾语，用and连接uniting和working，“这个可怕的疾病”是the terrible disease，故填By uniting and working hard to fight against the terrible disease。
43． Compare Comparing
【详解】考查祈使句和非谓语动词。表示“比较”用compare，第一个句子是祈使句，祈使句是动词原形开头；第二句子前后主语一致，you和比较表示主动关系，用现在分词作状语，故填Compare；Comparing。
44． pretended she didn’t know me pretended not to know me
【详解】考查时态，宾语从句和固定短语。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“装作不认识我”，“假装”是pretend，“不认识我”可用that引导宾语从句，可省略that，由met可知，时态用一般过去时，“不认识我”翻译为“she didn’t know me”，因此第一空是pretended she didn’t know me；“假装不做某事”是固定短语pretend not to do，“认识我”是know me，由met可知，时态用一般过去时，因此第二空是pretended not to know me，故填pretended she didn’t know me，pretended not to know me。
45．to strengthen willpower
【详解】考查非谓语动词和名词。根据句意“加强意志力”可知，空格处涉及单词“strengthen”，意为“加强”，动词词性，“willpower”意为“意志力”，为不可数名词，“strengthen willpower”意为“加强意志力”，“the best way to do sth.”意为“做某事的最好方法”，句中应用不定式作后置定语，故空格处应填“to strengthen willpower”。故填to strengthen willpower。
46．Appreciating one’s own cultural heritage
【详解】考查短语和非谓语动词。appreciate欣赏，cultural heritage文化遗产，one’s own某人自己的。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少主语，所以appreciate用动名词作主语。根据句意，故填Appreciating one’s own cultural heritage。
47．we should read more books to expand our vocabulary
【详解】考查虚拟语气，不定式和短语。根据中英文提示并分析句子可知，that引导宾语从句，recommend后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+v，should可以省略，主语we，read more books“多读书”，expand our vocabulary“扩大词汇量”作目的状语，用不定式形式，故填we should read more books to expand our vocabulary。
48．how to solve the tough task
【详解】考查非谓语动词。分析句子，设空处应该使用特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构。根据汉语提示，表示“如何”用how；表示“解决”用solve；表示“棘手的任务”用tough task。故填how to solve the tough task。
49． cycling staying to cycle stay cycle stay would cycle stay
【详解】考查固定短语。表示“骑自行车”应用动词cycle；表示“待在家”应用stay indoors；此处表示“宁愿……也不愿”可用prefer doing to doing sth.或prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.；或would rather do sth. than do sth.；或would do sth. rather than do sth.。故填①cycling；②staying；③to cycle；④stay；⑤cycle；⑥stay；⑦would cycle；⑧stay。
50．make it difficult for people to sleep
【详解】考查动词、代词、形容词和固定短语。分析句意可知，表示“困难的”可用形容词difficult；表示“使人们做某事困难”可用使役动词make和形式宾语it构成固定短语make it difficult for sb to do sth；表示“睡觉”可用动词sleep。故答案为make it difficult for people to sleep。
51．good to breathe
【详解】考查固定短语。结合句意表示“做某事好极了”应用be good to do sth.；表示“呼吸”应用动词breathe。故填good to breathe。
52．too young to raise
【详解】考查形容词，不定式和固定短语。根据中英文提示，应用too...to...“太……以至于……”，young“年轻的”作表语，raise“举起”用不定式作结果状语，故填too young to raise。
53． we (should) spend half an hour reading English aloud to spend half an hour reading English aloud
【详解】考查虚拟语气和固定短语。第一空，request表示“要求”，后跟宾语从句需用虚拟语气，谓语用should+动词原形，should可以省略，也可用request sb. to do sth.短语；表示“大声朗读半小时的英语”应用spend half an hour reading English aloud。故填①we (should) spend half an hour reading English aloud；②to spend half an hour reading English aloud。
54．to share a meal, admire the moon and enjoy mooncakes
【详解】考查短语和不定式。“吃饭”可译为 share a meal，“赏月”可译为 admire the moon，“品尝月饼”可译为enjoy mooncakes，三个并列的短语用and连接，再根据句子结构可知，此处表示目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to share a meal, admire the moon and enjoy mooncakes。
55．has had my doubts removed completely
【详解】考查固定结构。句意：你的话完全消除了我的疑虑。此处用have+宾语+宾语补足语改写，为现在完成时。故填has had my doubts removed completely。
56． With his attention concentrated on Concentrating his attention on
【详解】考查with复合结构和现在分词。句意：因为他的注意力都集中在玩网络游戏上了，所以他没有注意到厨房着火了。当使用with复合结构时，逻辑主语为his attention，be concentrated on意为“集中在……”，所以attention和动词concentrate构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式。当使用现在分词作状语时，concentrate...on...意为“将……集中于……”，动词concentrate和主语he构成逻辑主动关系，此处是指集中注意力，所以应用his attention作concentrate的宾语。句首首字母应大写。故填①With②his③attention④concentrated⑤on⑥Concentrating⑦his⑧attention⑨on。
57． make/leave an impression on you What will surely impress you
【详解】考查句子结构。句意：那些漂亮的剪纸作品一定会给你留下深刻印象。根据要求用名词impression，表示“给你留下深刻印象”可用make/leave an impression on you，由情态动词will可知，动词make/leave应用原形；根据要求用what引导主语从句，表示“一定会给你留下深刻印象”用一般将来时，可用What will surely impress you。故填make/leave an impression on you；What will surely impress you。
58． designed to help the students in need which##that was designed to help the students in need
【详解】考查句子结构。句意：这个项目是为了帮助有需要的学生而设计的。但事情并没有按计划进行。根据句型转换要求可知，This project用过去分词短语作定语，它和design之间是被动关系，用过去分词作定语，因此第一空填designed to help the students in need；This project后也可以加定语从句，先行词为The project，从句缺少主语，可用which/that引导从句，故填which was designed to help the students in need。故填designed to help the students in need；which/that was designed to help the students in need。
59． am determined##make up my mind Determined to perform well##Making up my mind to perform well
【详解】考查固定短语、时态和非谓语动词。句意：我决定在期末考试中表现好，所以我正忙于准备考试。分析句子可知，句子要求我们进行同义句转换，首先看第一句，需要替换单词“decide”，意为“决定”，动词词性，涉及短语“be determined to do sth.”或“make up one’s mind to do sth,”，意为“决定做某事”，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，“I”与“am”连用，“one’s”转换为“my”，故空格一应填“am determined”或“make up my mind”，第二句中应用分词短语作状语，句子主语“I”和“determine”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母大写，可填“Determined to perform well”，句子主语“I”和“make”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用现在分词作状语，也可填“Making up my mind to perform well”。故答案是①am determined/make up my mind②Determined to perform well/Making up my mind to perform well。
60．think it no good reading
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我认为躺在床上看书是不好的，这对你的眼睛有很大的伤害。对比两句话可知，空格处替换的是“think reading...is no good”，可换成think it no good reading，是it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动名词，故填think it no good reading。
61．Attracted by the beauty of the West Lake
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被西湖的美景所吸引，她决定再呆两天。句子分析以及和原句比较可知，设空处应为“被西湖美景吸引”作下文she decided to stay another two days的原因状语。 此句的主语是she，与attract的逻辑主语一致，且attract与she之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式作状语，即attracted by the beauty of the West Lake。因处于句首，所以首字母要大写。故填Attracted by the beauty of the West Lake。
62．dating back to the Ming Dynasty
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个节日在每年的11月举行。它可以追溯到明朝，在秋天庆祝丰收。分析句子可知，此处考查非谓语动词作定语，结合语意可知，此处应用现在分词作定语修饰逻辑主语The festival，两者之间是主动关系，故可表达为dating back to the Ming Dynasty。故答案是dating back to the Ming Dynasty。
63．Having struggled for months to find
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：蒂娜努力了好几个月才找到一份服务员的工作，最后在当地一家广告公司找到了一份工作。Dina had struggled for months to find a job as a waitress转化成非谓语动词，Dina与struggle为主动关系，所以非谓动词为现在分词的完成时。故填Having struggled for months to find。
64．based on
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这部电影是根据一个真实事件改编的。结果成功了。分析句子结合题目要求可知，此处动词应用非谓语形式，be based on (以……为根据)为固定搭配，此处用非谓语形式based on，作定语修饰the movie。故填based on。
65．Struck by his inspiring words
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被他鼓舞人心的话打动了，我决定努力提高我的英语水平。本句话所给的句子为and连接的并列句，该句话可以升级成过去分词作状语。过去分词作状语，表示和句子的主语之间存在被动关系。strike和句子的主语I之间为被动关系。故填Struck by his inspiring words。
66． do all/everything in my power to do what I can to
【详解】考查动词，从句和短语。句意：你太勤奋了，我会尽力帮助你多了解唐诗。根据句意和提示可知，原句中的“try my best to”表示“尽力做某事”，可以变换为do all/everything in my power to“尽我所能做一切事情”，或者do what I can to“尽我所能去做某事”，what引导宾语从句，故填①do all/everything in my power to②do what I can to。
67．Having survived that night
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于那天晚上活了下来，我们相信一切都会好起来的。分析可知，逗号前的句子处理为分词作状语，survive和逻辑主语we之间为主动关系，且发生在谓语动词之前，故应用现在分词的完成式，作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Having survived that night。
68． had he suffered such a great loss having suffered such a great loss
【详解】考查部分倒装和非谓语动词。句意：他一生中从未遭受过如此巨大的损失，所以他几乎失去了生活的希望。第一空用部分倒装，原句为过去完成时，故将had提前到主语之前；第二空用现在分词短语having suffered such a great loss，作状语。故填①had he suffered such a great loss；②having suffered such a great loss。
69．Deeply affected by##Deeply moved by ##Deeply touched by
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多年轻人被他的故事深深打动，开始为残疾人做志愿工作。此处可用过去分词短语deeply affected/moved/touched by，作状语改写。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Deeply affected/moved/touched by。
70． Burying himself in his book Buried in his book
【详解】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：因为他埋头读书，没有注意到其他人已经离开了。分析可知，原来的原因状语从句，处理为分词作状语；bury oneself in“专心于”，和逻辑主语之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语；be buried in“专心于”是固定短语，此处省略be，用过去分词作状语。故填Burying himself in his book和Buried in his book。
71．Applying yourself to the job in hand
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：专心做手头的工作，你很快就会完成的。此处可用现在分词短语applying yourself to the job in hand，作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Applying yourself to the job in hand。
72．Addicted to surfing the Net
【详解】考查非谓语动词，过去分词短语作状语。句意：许多孩子沉迷于上网，所以他们对学习失去了兴趣。分析可知，Many kids are addicted to surfing the Net可替换为原因状语，be addicted to“成迷于……”是固定短语，省去be用过去分词作状语。故答案为Addicted to surfing the Net。
必过06 非谓语动词
知识过关
一．非谓语动词做状语
1．分词作状语
分词作状语时，其逻辑主语是句子的主语；一般在句中作时间、原因、方式、条件、伴随等状语。
(1)现在分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是由句子主语执行的，它们之间是主动关系。
Hearing the news, they got excited.
听到这个消息，他们很兴奋。
(2)过去分词作状语时，分词表示的动作是句子主语承受的动作，它们之间是被动关系。
Given the right kind of training, these teenage soccer players may one day grow into international stars.
如果给予正确的训练，这些青少年足球运动员有一天也许会成为国际明星。
2．动词不定式作状语
(1)动词不定式作状语主要用来表示目的，有时也可以表示结果、原因等。
She was surprised to see George walk in.
看到乔治进来，她很惊讶。
(2)动词不定式作目的状语时，常位于句首或句中，形式上可用in order to do, so as to do, to do等，但so as to do不能置于句首。
In order to pass the exam, he worked hard.
为了通过考试，他努力学习。
(3)作目的状语的动词不定式动作必须是主语发出的。
To learn English well, his father bought him a dictionary.(×)
二．非谓语动词作定语
1．动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语，通常置于所修饰的名词或代词之后，与所修饰的词之间构成逻辑上的主谓、动宾或同位关系。
She is always the first to come and the last to leave.(主谓关系)
她总是第一个到，最后一个离开。
Have you got a letter to write？(动宾关系)
你有一封信要写吗？
Do you have the ability to read and write in English?
(同位关系)
你有用英语读写的能力吗？
2．分词作定语
(1)作定语的及物动词的分词形式为doing, being done和done。当被修饰的名词与分词之间为主动关系时，用doing；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作正在进行时，用being done；当被修饰的名词与分词之间为被动关系且表示分词动作已完成时，用done。
I have never seen a more moving film.
我没看过比这部更令人感动的电影。
The houses being built are for the teachers.
正在建的房子是给老师的。
The broken glass is Tom's.
这个打破了的杯子是汤姆的。
(2)作定语的不及物动词的分词形式为doing和done, doing表示正在进行；done表示已经完成。
boiling water 正沸腾的水 boiled water开水
3．动名词作定语
动名词可置于名词前作定语，表示被修饰的名词的用途和性能。
a walking stick ＝ a stick for walking 手杖
a sleeping car ＝ a car for sleeping 卧铺车
三．非谓语动词作补语
1．后接动词不定式作补语的动词及动词短语
(1)有些动词或动词短语后接动词不定式作宾补，即“动词/动词短语＋宾语＋to do”。常见的这类动词或动词短语有：
advise建议 allow允许 ask询问；要求
beg恳求 cause导致 encourage鼓励
permit准许 forbid禁止 force强迫
intend打算 invite邀请 order命令；要求
persuade说服 prefer更喜欢 require需要；要求
teach教 remind提醒 tell告诉
want想要 warn警告 wish希望；想要
wait for等待 call on号召；要求 depend on依靠
She patiently explained all the rules to the students and required everyone to follow them.
她耐心地向学生解释了所有的规则，并要求每个人都遵循这些规则。
He depends on you to help him with his English.
他指望你帮助他学英语。
(2)下列动词接省略to的动词不定式作宾语补足语：
一感 (feel)，二听(hear, listen to)，三让(let，have, make)，五看 (see, notice, observe, watch, look at)，半帮助 (help)，但在变为被动语态时需加to。
Nobody saw him come in.(主动语态)没人看见他进来。
The thief was observed to enter the bank.(被动语态)
有人看见小偷进了银行。
(3)下列句型中常用动词不定式作主语补足语，它们是：
sb. be said/believed/known/reported/considered/thought＋to do/to have done/to be done/to be doing/to have been done sth.
He is said to have been cheated in the street.
据说，他在大街上被骗了。
The accident is reported to have killed two people.
据报道，那次事故中有两人丧生。
2．非谓语动词作感官动词(短语)、使役动词的宾补
(1)感官动词(短语)see, watch, observe, look at, notice, hear, listen to, feel的宾语补足语有四种形式， 以see为例：
I saw him leave a few minutes ago.
我看见他几分钟前离开了。
As I got closer, I saw him kicking his legs in the air and breathing heavily.
当我走近时，我看见他的腿在空中乱踢，并且呼吸沉重。
I'd like to see the plan carried out.
我想看到这个计划被执行。
(2)使役动词make, let, have, get后接复合宾语的情况：
①make＋宾语＋
The teacher made some students stay in the classroom after school.老师让一些学生放学后待在教室里。
He tried to make himself understood.
他尽量把自己的意思表达清楚了。
②let＋宾语＋
Don't let your child play with matches.
别让你的孩子玩火柴。
Let the work be done immediately.
工作要马上去做。
He had the computer working all the night.
他让电脑工作了一夜。
He had his wallet stolen on his way home.
在回家的路上，他的钱包被偷了。
She got her bike running very fast.
她把自行车骑得飞快。
I'll get my bike repaired tomorrow.
我明天要(请人)修一下我的自行车。
3．动词leave, keep, find, catch后加非谓语动词作复合宾语的情况
(2)keep
(3)find
(4)catch sb. doing sth. 撞见某人正在做某
四．非谓语动词作宾语
1．动词不定式作宾语
(1)跟不定式作宾语的动词：
决心学会想希望，
拒绝设法愿假装
decide/determine, learn, want, expect/hope/wish;
refuse, manage, care, pretend
主动答应选计划，
同意请求帮一帮
offer, promise, choose, plan;
agree, ask/beg, help
(2)动词tell, show, understand, know, explain, teach, learn, advise等常接“疑问词＋动词不定式”作宾语。
Please tell me when to start the project.
请告诉我何时开始这个项目。
(3)在某些动词如find, think, consider, feel, make, believe后，常用it作形式宾语，然后加宾语补足语，最后加不定式作真正的宾语。
We think it our duty to protect the environment.
我们认为保护环境是我们的责任。
2．动名词作宾语
(1)常跟动名词作宾语的动词(短语)：
考虑建议盼原谅，承认推迟没得想
consider, suggest/advise, look forward to, excuse/pardon; admit, delay/put off, fancy
避免错过继续练，否认完成就欣赏
avoid, miss, keep/keep on, practice; deny, finish, enjoy/appreciate
禁止想象才冒险，不禁介意准避免
forbid/avoid, imagine, risk; can't help (禁不住), mind, allow/permit, escape
(2)由“动词＋介词”构成的短语，其后跟动名词作宾语，常见的有be/get used to (习惯于), feel like (想要), insist on (坚持), get down to (开始认真做某事), devote ... to ... (致力于……), object to (反对), stick to (坚持), give up (放弃)等。
It's time I got down to thinking about that essay.
我该认真思考一下那篇论文了。
(3)下列动词或短语既可以接动名词作宾语，也可以接动词不定式作宾语，但意义上有区别：
五．非谓语动词作主语、表语及其他
1．动词不定式作主语
动词不定式作主语表示具体的、一次性的或尚未做的动作，常用it作形式主语，而把真正的主语，即动词不定式移到句子的后面。
It's a great pleasure to talk with you.
和你交谈是一种很大的乐趣。
[名师指津] 在“It is/was＋adj.＋for/of sb. to do sth.”结构中：若形容词侧重于评价人物的特性、特征，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用of，此时形容词常为kind, nice, foolish, generous等词，且sb.与形容词之间可构成逻辑上的系表关系；若形容词侧重于描写不定式动作的特征、特点，则构成不定式复合结构的介词应用for。
It is generous of him to contribute so much.
他捐献了这么多真是太慷慨了。
It was important for us to live a lowcarbon life.
过低碳生活对我们来说很重要。
2．动名词作主语
动名词作主语表示一般的、抽象的或习惯性动作。下列句型中常用动名词作主语：
(1)It is/was a waste (of ...)/no use/no good doing sth.
(2)There is/was no sense/no point (in) doing sth.
It is no good coming before that.
在那之前来没有用。
There is no sense (in) worrying about it now.
现在大可不必为那件事忧虑。
3．动词不定式与动名词作表语
动词不定式作表语表示某一次具体的、特定的或有待实现的动作，而动名词作表语表示通常的情况。
My dream is to enter Beijing University.
我的梦想是考入北京大学。
My job is teaching you English.
我的工作是教你们英语。
4．分词作表语
表示事物的特征或性质时，表语用现在分词；表示人的内心感受时，表语用过去分词。
Please describe a dog that is frightening.
请描述一只令人害怕的狗。
Please describe a dog that is frightened.
请描述一只惊恐的狗。
六．独立主格结构
独立主格结构的几种形式：
1．名词/代词(主格)＋非谓语动词
Weather permitting, we shall play the match tomorrow. (permit的逻辑主语是Weather而非we)
明天如果天气好，我们就进行比赛。
He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.(fix的逻辑主语是his eyes而非he)
他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
2．名词/代词(主格)＋形容词/副词/介词短语
The students were having a discussion, their faces (being) red with excitement.
学生们正在讨论，因为激动，他们的脸都红了。
The boy came in, sword in hand.
男孩走进来，手里握着剑。
[名师指津] 为使句子简洁、明快，独立主格结构中的冠词或代词也常省略。
3．with/without＋宾语(名词/代词)＋宾语补足语(形容词/副词/介词短语/非谓语动词)
几乎所有的独立主格结构都可在其逻辑主语前加上with/without，构成with/without复合结构。
Without anyone noticing, I stole into the room.
没有人注意，我偷偷地溜进了屋。
非谓语动词的时态和语态
1．动词不定式的时态和语态
时态形式
意义
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
与句子谓语动词的动作同时发生或在谓语动词的动作之后发生
to do
to be
done
进行式
在谓语动词的动作发生时正在进行
to be
doing
完成式
在谓语动词的动作之前发生
to have
done
to have
been done
完成进
行式
发生在谓语动词的动作之前并且持续到谓语动词的动作发生时仍在进行
to have
been doing
The boy pretended to be studying hard when his teacher came in.
当老师进来的时候，那个男孩假装正在努力学习。
The meeting to be held tomorrow is of great importance.
明天要举行的会议很重要。
2．动名词和现在分词的时态和语态
时态形式
意义
主动语态
被动语态
一般式
与谓语动词的动作同时或稍后发生
doing
being done
完成式
先于谓语动词的动作完成
having done
having been done
Do you like playing chess?
你喜欢下棋吗？
Having finished his homework, he went to bed.
完成作业后，他上床睡觉了。
3．非谓语动词的主动语态表示被动意义
(1)动词不定式作表语形容词的状语，和句子的主语之间构成逻辑上的动宾关系时，不定式用主动形式表示被动意义。
This book is difficult to understand.
这本书很难理解。
(2)动词need, want, require作“需要”讲时，后跟动名词的主动形式表示被动意义，也可跟不定式的被动结构；be worth后也用动名词的主动形式表示被动意义。
Your paper needs checking/to be checked again.
你的试卷需要再检查一遍。
一、用单词的适当形式完成句子
1．From dawn to dusk, he works countless hours_________(support) his family. (所给词的适当形式填空)
2．You will be cheated if you don’t watch_________. (用适当的词填空)
3．John had no sisters or brothers and wasn’t used to_________(share).(所给词的适当形式填空)
4．Students take turns ________ be on duty in the school. （用适当的词填空）
5．A charity is a nonprofit organization, ________ (function) as a platform to offer help to people in need. （所给词的适当形式填空）
6．We sat at the table, ________ (chat) about the measures taken to protect the endangered animals. （所给词的适当形式填空）
7．With all the evidence ________ (confirm), the hunter who shot the rare animal to death was caught. （所给词的适当形式填空）
8．I recommend________ (make) seat reservations in advance, because this is a popular film and there will be a lot of audience. (所给词的适当形式填空)
9．The guy found two policemen ________(stand) next to his car. (所给词的适当形式填空)
10．I hold the firm belief that my suggestions will be of great help to you. I’m looking forward to ________(hear)from you as soon as possible. (所给词的适当形式填空)
11．Driving requires ________ (concentrate). Speaking on the phone takes a driver’s attention from the road. (所给词的适当形式填空)
12．________ (impress) with my performance, the interviewers gave me the highest mark in the job interview. (所给词的适当形式填空)
13．________(impress)the students with the importance of environmental protection, Mr Smith is trying to make detailed preparations for his lecture. (所给词的适当形式填空)
14．________ (design) a splendid hotel, Mr Huxley has no time for relaxation these days. (所给词的适当形式填空)
15．Rather than _______________ (discuss) all of these questions at length, we prefer _______________ (focus) on the impact of the heavy snow. (所给词的适当形式填空)
16．_______________ (compare) with the escaped driver, I am proud of what I did. (所给词的适当形式填空)
17．There is no sense in _______________ (complain). We should take action now. (所给词的适当形式填空)
18．Driven by heaven-knows-what motives, he determines _______________ (write) a book. (所给词的适当形式填空)
19．When her mother came in, she pretended _______________ (fall) asleep. (所给词的适当形式填空)
20．Summer makes me full of energy and I feel I have the strength _______________ (do) the most difficult thing in my life. (所给词的适当形式填空)
21．________ (compare) with our opponent (对手), we have a little advantage. （所给词的适当形式填空）
22．The means of ________(preserve) meat, fish and vegetables by using salt dates back to thousands of years ago. （所给词的适当形式填空）
23．Some________(process) food is regarded to be harmful to our body. （所给词的适当形式填空）
24．I consider it no use________ (quarrel) with him about it because he is too stubborn. (所给词的适当形式填空)
25．It was the culture, rather than the language, that made it hard for him________ (adapt) to the new environment abroad. (所给词的适当形式填空)
26．Teenagers________ (addict) to the Internet are more likely to suffer from depression. (所给词的适当形式填空)
27．My parents are content________ (live) in the country, where the air is fresh and clean. (所给词的适当形式填空)
28．While the younger generations prefer________ (communicate) visually, for those used to working with traditional tools like email, it may feel like a learning curve (曲线). (所给词的适当形式填空)
29．I prefer my English classes________ (give) in English only. (所给词的适当形式填空)
30．________(date)back to 300 years ago,the stone house is well preserved. (所给词的适当形式填空)
31．My car demands________ (repair), so I have to go to work by bus. (所给词的适当形式填空)
32．The teacher came to the classroom and demanded________ (tell) what was going on just now. (所给词的适当形式填空)
33．He is equal to________ (accomplish) the task, for no one equals him________ the area. (所给词的适当形式填空)
34．I’d appreciate your________ (write) me back at your earliest convenience. (所给词的适当形式填空)
35．________ (base) on a true love story, the film we watched yesterday is highly thought of. (所给词的适当形式填空)
36．This problem is not easy _______________ (figure) out. (所给词的适当形式填空)
37．She had requested the community________ (turn) it into a museum upon her death. (所给词的适当形式填空)
二、完成句子
38．救援人员移开砖块搜寻幸存者。(一句多译)
①The rescue workers removed the bricks_________. ( search n. )
②The rescue workers removed the bricks_________. ( search v. )
39．Elephants need large living spaces, so________.
大象需要很大的生活空间，因此对他们来说，适应这些变化很难。
40．Do you have any more tips for________the Internet safely?
你有更多关于如何安全上网的建议吗?
41．如果您能考虑我的建议，我将不胜感激。盼望早日收到您的回复。
I’d appreciate it if you could take my suggestion into consideration. I am ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.
42．通过团结和努力抗击这个可怕的疾病，我们中国人民最终战胜了它。
_________________, our Chinese people finally defeated it.
43．比较不同品牌的质量，你就知道该怎么做出选择。
__________________ the quality of different brands and you will know how to make a choice.(祈使句)
__________________ the quality of different brands, you will know how to make a choice.(分词作状语)
44．我在街上见到她时，她装作不认识我，这确实使我很难过。
She ________________________________________ when we met in the street, which really made me upset.(宾语从句)
She ________________________________________ when we met in the street, which really made me upset.(不定式)
45．加强意志力（willpower）的最好方法就是把它变成一种习惯。
The best way ________________________________________ is to make it into a habit.
46．________is very important for understanding oneself.
欣赏自已国家的文化遗产对于了解自己的国家很重要。
47．我们的英语老师建议我们多读书来扩大词汇量。
Our English teacher recommended that_________________.
48．公司里没有人知道如何解决这个棘手的任务。
No one in the company knows________________.
49．孩子们宁愿骑自行车到乡下去，也不愿整天待在家里。(一句多译)
(1)The children preferred________ to the countryside to________ indoors all day.
(2)The children preferred________ to the countryside rather than________ indoors all day.
(3)The children would rather________ to the countryside than________ indoors all day.
(4)The children________ to the countryside rather than________ indoors all day.
50．它们不仅使人们在晚上很难睡觉，而且还损害着我们具有历史价值的房子和商店。
They not only ________________ at night, but they are doing damage to our houses and shops of historical interest.
51．在一年的四个季节中，夏天是我最喜欢的季节。早晨的空气呼吸起来棒极了。
Among the four seasons in a year, summer is my favourite. The morning air is ______________.
52．这个小男孩太小了而不能举起这个沉重的石头。
The little boy is ____________ the heavy stone.
53．李老师要求我们每天早晨大声朗读半小时的英语。(一句多译)
(1)Mr Li requests that______________ every morning.
(2)Mr Li requests us________________ every morning.
54．在中秋节期间，家庭成员常常欢聚一堂，一起吃饭、赏月并品尝月饼。
During the MidAutumn Festival, family members often gather together________.
三、句型转换
55．What you said has completely removed my doubts.(同义句转换)
→What you said_________. ( have+宾语+宾语补足语)
56．Because he concentrated his attention on playing network games, he didn’t notice the kitchen was on fire. (同义句转换)
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ playing network games, he didn’t notice the kitchen was on fire. (with复合结构)
________ ________ ________ ________ playing network games, he didn’t notice the kitchen was on fire. (现在分词短语作状语)
57．Those beautiful papercutting works will surely impress you. (同义句转换)
Those beautiful papercutting works will surely ________ ________ ________ ________ ________.(impression)
________ ________ ________ ________ ________ are those beautiful papercutting works.(what引导主语从句)
58．This project was designed to help the students in need. But it just didn’t work out as planned. (同义句转换)
This project ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ just didn’t work out as planned.(过去分词短语作定语)
This project ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ ________ just didn’t work out as planned.(定语从句)
59．I decide to perform well in the final exam, so I’m occupied in preparing for it. (同义句转换)
I ________________________________________ to perform well in the final exam, so I’m occupied in preparing for it.
________________________________________ in the final exam, I’m occupied in preparing for it. (分词短语作状语)
60．(普通表达)I think reading in bed is no good, which does great harm to your eyes.(同义句转换)
(高级表达)I________ in bed, which does great harm to your eyes.(it作形式宾语)
61．(普通表达) She was attracted by the beauty of the West Lake, so she decided to stay another two days.(同义句转换)
(高级表达)________________,she decided to stay another two days. (过去分词作状语)
62．(普通表达)The festival is held in November every year. It dates back to the Ming Dynasty to celebrate the harvest in autumn.(同义句转换)
(高级表达)The festival________________ to celebrate the harvest in autumn is held in November every year. (现在分词短语作定语)
63．(普通表达)Dina had struggled for months to find a job as a waitress, and finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(同义句转换)
(高级表达)________________ a job as a waitress, Dina finally took a position at a local advertising agency.(现在分词短语作状语)
64．(普通表达)The movie was based on a reallife incident. And it turned out to be a success.(同义句转换)
(高级表达)The movie,________________ a reallife incident, turned out to be a success. (过去分词短语作定语)
65．I was struck by his inspiring words, and I decided to make efforts to improve my English. (同义句转换)
_____________, I decided to make efforts to improve my English. (过去分词短语作状语)
66．You are so diligent that I'll try my best to help you know more about Tang poems. (同义句转换)
You are so diligent that I'll ________ help you know more about Tang poems.
You are so diligent that I'll _______help you know more about Tang poems.(what引导宾语从句)
67．After we survived that night, we were confident that everything else would be all right. (同义句转换)
____________, we were confident that everything else would be all right. (现在分词短语作状语)
68．He had never suffered such a great loss before in his life, so he almost lost the hope for life. (同义句转换)
Never before in his life ____________,so he almost lost the hope for life.(倒装)
Not ____________ before in his life, he almost lost the hope for life. (现在分词短语作状语)
69．Many young people were deeply affected/moved/touched by his story and began to do volunteer work for the disabled. (同义句转换)
__________ his story, many young people began to do volunteer work for the disabled. (过去分词短语作状语)
70．Because he buried himself in/was buried in his book, he didn't notice that all the others had left. (同义句转换)
____________, he didn’t notice that all the others had left. (现在分词短语作状语)
____________, he didn’t notice that all the others had left. (过去分词短语作状语)
71．(普通表达)If you apply yourself to the job in hand, you’ll soon finish it.(同义句转换)
(高级表达)________________，you’ll soon finish it.(现在分词短语作状语)
72．Many kids are addicted to surfing the Net, so they have lost interest in study.(同义句转换)
→________________, many kids have lost interest in study.(分词短语作状语)
参考答案：
1．to support
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：他从早到晚工作无数个小时，养家糊口。作目的状语应用不定式。故填to support。
2．out
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：如果你不当心，你会被骗的。根据句意和空格前的动词watch可知，该题是考查固定短语watch out（当心；留心）。故填out。
3．sharing
【详解】考查动名词。句意：约翰没有兄弟姐妹，不习惯与人分享。根据句意和所给动词share以及空格前的介词to可知，空格处应该填入share的动名词形式sharing，作介词to的宾语。故填sharing。
4．to
【详解】考查短语。句意：学生们在学校轮流值日。take turns to do“轮流做……”。根据句意，故填to。
5．functioning
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：慈善机构是一个非盈利组织，功能是作为一个平台，为需要帮助的人提供帮助。设空为状语成分，用非谓语动词形式作状语，function与逻辑主语charity是主动关系，用现在分词做状语。故填functioning。
6．chatting
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们坐在桌旁，谈论为保护濒危动物所采取的措施。分析句子结构可知chat在句中与逻辑主语we构成主动关系，故用现在分词在句中作状语。故填chatting。
7．confirmed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：在所有证据证实的情况下，射杀这种稀有动物的猎人被抓住了。with的复合结构，且evidence和confirm之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词表被动，做evidence的宾语补足语。故填confirmed。
8．making
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我建议提前预定座位，因为这是一部受欢迎的电影，观众会很多。根据“recommend doing sth建议做某事”可知，recommend后面使用动词的动名词形式，所以空格处应当使用make的动名词形式。故填making。
9．standing
【详解】考查现在分词。句意：这家伙发现两个警察站在他的车旁边。根据“next to his car”可知，此处是指发现某人正在做某事，应用固定搭配find sb doing，此处是用现在分词作宾语补足语。动词stand意为“站立”，和逻辑主语policemen构成主动关系。故填standing。
10．hearing
【详解】考查动名词。句意：我坚信我的建议对你会有很大的帮助。我期待着尽快收到您的回信。根据句意和空格前的介词to以及所给动词hear可知，空格处应该填入hear的动名词形式作look forward to的宾语。故填hearing。
11．concentration
【详解】考查名词。句意：开车需要专心。打电话会让司机的注意力从路上转移开。分析句子结构可知，谓语动词requires缺少宾语，可以用名词形式作宾语。且根据句意和提示，可填concentration，其不可数，故填concentration。
12．Impressed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：面试官对我的表现印象深刻，在面试中给了我最高分。短语be impressed with表示“对……印象深刻”，省略be动词用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Impressed。
13．To impress
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：为了让学生们深刻认识到环境保护的重要性，史密斯先生正在为他的讲座做详细的准备。根据句意可知，此处表达“为了让学生们深刻认识到环境保护的重要性”，表目的，用不定式短语作目的状语。故填To impress
14．Designing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于赫胥黎先生正在设计一家豪华酒店，这些天没有时间放松。分析句子结构可知，横线处应填入非谓语动词。根据句意可知，此处表示“进行”，且逻辑主语Mr Huxley 与动词design是“主谓关系”，应用现在分词形式的非谓语动词。故填Designing。
15． discuss to focus
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我们宁愿把重点放在大雪的影响上，而不是详细讨论所有这些问题。第一空为短语rather than do sth.表示“不做某事”；第二空为短语prefer to do sth.表示“宁愿做某事”。故填①discuss；②to focus。
16．Compared
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与逃跑的司机相比，我为自己的所作所为感到骄傲。分析句子可知，句中有系动词“am”，故空格处应用非谓语动词，“compare…with…”意为“把……和……相比较”，句子主语“I”和“compare”之间为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用“compare”的过去分词“compared”作状语，句首单词首字母大写。故填Compared。
17．complaining
【详解】考查固定句型。句意：抱怨是没有意义的。我们现在应该采取行动。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定句型“There is no sense in doing sth.”，意为“做某事没有意义”，“complain”意为“抱怨”，动词词性，动名词形式为“complaining”。故填complaining。
18．to write
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：天晓得是什么动机驱使，他决定写一本书。determine to do sth. “决定做某事”，动词不定式作宾语。故填to write。
19．to have fallen
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：当她妈妈进来时，她假装睡着了。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定短语“pretend to have done sth.”，意为“假装已经做某事”，应用不定式的完成式“to have done”作宾语，强调动作已经完成，“fall”的过去分词为“fallen”，故空格处应填“to have fallen”。故填to have fallen。
20．to do
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：夏天让我充满活力，我觉得我有力量去做我生命中最困难的事情。短语 have the strength to do sth.表示“有力量做某事”。故填to do。
21．Compared
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：与我们的对手相比，我们有一点优势。空处为非谓语动词作状语，与后句为同一主语，即we，和动词compare是被动关系，故应用过去分词表被动，单词位于句首，首字母大写。故填Compared。
22．preserving
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：用盐保存肉、鱼和蔬菜的方法可以追溯到几千年前。设空在句中做介词of的宾语，且空后带有宾语，故用动词的ing形式。故填preserving。
23．processed
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：一些加工食品被认为对我们的身体有害。设空在句中做定语，与名词food之间为被动关系，所以用过去分词形式，意为“被加工的”。故填processed。
24．quarrelling
【详解】考查动名词。句意：我认为和他为这件事争吵是没有用的，因为他太固执了。分析句子结构可知句中it作形式宾语，no use作宾语补足语。no use作宾语补足语时，动名词作真正的宾语。故填quarrelling。
25．to adapt
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：使他难以适应国外新环境的是文化，而不是语言。此处为make it adj. for sb. to do sth.，it作形式宾语，不定式为真正宾语。故填to adapt。
26．addicted
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：沉迷于网络的青少年更容易患抑郁症。此处addict在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语teenagers构成被动关系，故用过去分词作定语。故填addicted。
27．to live
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我父母很满意住在乡下，那里的空气新鲜干净。固定短语be content to do sth 意为“满足于做某事”符合句意，故填to live。
28．to communicate##communicating
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：虽然年轻一代更喜欢用视觉方式交流，但对于那些习惯于使用电子邮件等传统工具的人来说，这可能是一个学习曲线。prefer to do...或者prefer doing...为固定搭配，表示“更喜欢……”，因此填communicating或者to communicate，作宾语。故填communicating/to communicate。
29．to be given
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我更喜欢我的英语课只用英语授课。句中prefer是谓语动词，English classes作宾语，设空处作后置定语应该用不定式，所给词give与English classes是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以此空应用不定式的被动形式to be given。故填to be given。
30．Dating
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这座石头房子有300年的历史，保存完好。分析句子成分可知，谓语动词为is preserved，无连接词，所以提示词应为非谓语动词。date back to为固定搭配“追溯到……”，为不及物动词短语，所以其非谓语形式应为doing。故填Dating。
31．to be repaired##repairing
【详解】考查动名词和不定式。句意：我的车需要修理，所以我不得不乘公共汽车上班。sth. demand doing/to be done是固定短语，意为“某物需要被做”，动名词和不定式的被动语态作宾语，故填to be repaired/repairing。
32．to be told
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：老师来到教室，要求告诉刚才发生了什么事。demand to do sth. “要求做某事”，又因demand的主语为“The teacher”，老师要求别人告诉他，那老师就是被告诉。所以应为demand to be done。故填to be told。
33． accomplishing in
【详解】考查动名词和介词。句意：他能胜任这项工作，因为在这方面没有人能和他相比。be equal to doing是固定短语，意为“胜任做某事”，因此第一空用动名词accomplishing作宾语，area意为“领域”，表达“在……领域”前面介词用in，故填accomplishing，in。
34．writing
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：如果您方便回信给我的话，我将非常感激。此处作宾语，构成动名词的复合结构，应填writing。故填writing。
35．Based
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：我们昨天看的那部电影根据一个真实的爱情故事改编，很受好评。短语be based on表示“基于”，省略be动词，用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Based。
36．to figure
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个问题不容易解决。此处为be easy to do sth.，应填不定式。故填to figure。
37．to turn
【详解】考查不定式。句意：她要求社区在她死后把它变成一个博物馆。根据句意和句中的动词request以及所给动词turn可知，该题是考查动词request的用法：request somebody to do something（要求某人做某事）。故填to turn。
38． in search of any survivor/in their search for any survivor to search for any survivor
【详解】1.考查固定短语和名词。根据汉语提示，“搜寻”可以用固定短语in search of或in one’s search for表示；“幸存者”可以翻译为survivor。故填in search of any survivor或 in their search for any survivor。
2.考查不定式、固定短语和名词。根据句意分析句子可知，空格处可以用不定式作目的状语；“搜寻”可以用固定短语search for表示，“幸存者”翻译为survivor。故填to search for any survivor。
39．it’s difficult for them to adapt to the changes
【详解】考查固定句型和非谓语动词。“……对某人来说很难”可用固定句型：it’s difficult for sb. to do sth.表示，其中it是形式主语，不定式是真正的主语；“他们”在句中作介词for的宾语，用宾格代词them表示，“适应这些变化”用不定式短语to adapt to the changes表示。故填it’s difficult for them to adapt to the changes。
40．how to surf
【详解】考查特殊疑问词+动词不定式的结构。表示“如何”应用特殊疑问词how；表示“上网”应用动词短语surf the Internet；分析句子结构和意思可知，这里用特殊疑问词+动词不定式的结构。故填how to surf。
41． looking forward to receiving your early reply
【详解】考查动词，名词和时态。根据句子分析可知，这里应用现在进行时，“盼望”为固定搭配look forward to，to是介词，“早日收到您的回复”为receive your early reply，放在介词to后面，receive应用动名词，表示“盼望早日收到您的回复”翻译为looking forward to receiving your early reply。故填looking forward to receiving your early reply。
42．By uniting and working hard to fight against the terrible disease
【详解】考查动名词和固定短语。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“通过团结和努力抗击这个可怕的疾病”，“通过”是by，位于句首，首字母大写，其后用动名词作宾语，“团结”是unite，动名词是uniting，“努力抗击”是work hard to fight against，用动名词working作by的宾语，用and连接uniting和working，“这个可怕的疾病”是the terrible disease，故填By uniting and working hard to fight against the terrible disease。
43． Compare Comparing
【详解】考查祈使句和非谓语动词。表示“比较”用compare，第一个句子是祈使句，祈使句是动词原形开头；第二句子前后主语一致，you和比较表示主动关系，用现在分词作状语，故填Compare；Comparing。
44． pretended she didn’t know me pretended not to know me
【详解】考查时态，宾语从句和固定短语。对比中英文句子可知，空格处意为“装作不认识我”，“假装”是pretend，“不认识我”可用that引导宾语从句，可省略that，由met可知，时态用一般过去时，“不认识我”翻译为“she didn’t know me”，因此第一空是pretended she didn’t know me；“假装不做某事”是固定短语pretend not to do，“认识我”是know me，由met可知，时态用一般过去时，因此第二空是pretended not to know me，故填pretended she didn’t know me，pretended not to know me。
45．to strengthen willpower
【详解】考查非谓语动词和名词。根据句意“加强意志力”可知，空格处涉及单词“strengthen”，意为“加强”，动词词性，“willpower”意为“意志力”，为不可数名词，“strengthen willpower”意为“加强意志力”，“the best way to do sth.”意为“做某事的最好方法”，句中应用不定式作后置定语，故空格处应填“to strengthen willpower”。故填to strengthen willpower。
46．Appreciating one’s own cultural heritage
【详解】考查短语和非谓语动词。appreciate欣赏，cultural heritage文化遗产，one’s own某人自己的。分析句子结构可知，句中缺少主语，所以appreciate用动名词作主语。根据句意，故填Appreciating one’s own cultural heritage。
47．we should read more books to expand our vocabulary
【详解】考查虚拟语气，不定式和短语。根据中英文提示并分析句子可知，that引导宾语从句，recommend后的宾语从句使用虚拟语气，谓语动词用should+v，should可以省略，主语we，read more books“多读书”，expand our vocabulary“扩大词汇量”作目的状语，用不定式形式，故填we should read more books to expand our vocabulary。
48．how to solve the tough task
【详解】考查非谓语动词。分析句子，设空处应该使用特殊疑问词+to do不定式结构。根据汉语提示，表示“如何”用how；表示“解决”用solve；表示“棘手的任务”用tough task。故填how to solve the tough task。
49． cycling staying to cycle stay cycle stay would cycle stay
【详解】考查固定短语。表示“骑自行车”应用动词cycle；表示“待在家”应用stay indoors；此处表示“宁愿……也不愿”可用prefer doing to doing sth.或prefer to do sth. rather than do sth.；或would rather do sth. than do sth.；或would do sth. rather than do sth.。故填①cycling；②staying；③to cycle；④stay；⑤cycle；⑥stay；⑦would cycle；⑧stay。
50．make it difficult for people to sleep
【详解】考查动词、代词、形容词和固定短语。分析句意可知，表示“困难的”可用形容词difficult；表示“使人们做某事困难”可用使役动词make和形式宾语it构成固定短语make it difficult for sb to do sth；表示“睡觉”可用动词sleep。故答案为make it difficult for people to sleep。
51．good to breathe
【详解】考查固定短语。结合句意表示“做某事好极了”应用be good to do sth.；表示“呼吸”应用动词breathe。故填good to breathe。
52．too young to raise
【详解】考查形容词，不定式和固定短语。根据中英文提示，应用too...to...“太……以至于……”，young“年轻的”作表语，raise“举起”用不定式作结果状语，故填too young to raise。
53． we (should) spend half an hour reading English aloud to spend half an hour reading English aloud
【详解】考查虚拟语气和固定短语。第一空，request表示“要求”，后跟宾语从句需用虚拟语气，谓语用should+动词原形，should可以省略，也可用request sb. to do sth.短语；表示“大声朗读半小时的英语”应用spend half an hour reading English aloud。故填①we (should) spend half an hour reading English aloud；②to spend half an hour reading English aloud。
54．to share a meal, admire the moon and enjoy mooncakes
【详解】考查短语和不定式。“吃饭”可译为 share a meal，“赏月”可译为 admire the moon，“品尝月饼”可译为enjoy mooncakes，三个并列的短语用and连接，再根据句子结构可知，此处表示目的，用不定式作目的状语。故填to share a meal, admire the moon and enjoy mooncakes。
55．has had my doubts removed completely
【详解】考查固定结构。句意：你的话完全消除了我的疑虑。此处用have+宾语+宾语补足语改写，为现在完成时。故填has had my doubts removed completely。
56． With his attention concentrated on Concentrating his attention on
【详解】考查with复合结构和现在分词。句意：因为他的注意力都集中在玩网络游戏上了，所以他没有注意到厨房着火了。当使用with复合结构时，逻辑主语为his attention，be concentrated on意为“集中在……”，所以attention和动词concentrate构成被动关系，且动作已完成，所以应用过去分词形式。当使用现在分词作状语时，concentrate...on...意为“将……集中于……”，动词concentrate和主语he构成逻辑主动关系，此处是指集中注意力，所以应用his attention作concentrate的宾语。句首首字母应大写。故填①With②his③attention④concentrated⑤on⑥Concentrating⑦his⑧attention⑨on。
57． make/leave an impression on you What will surely impress you
【详解】考查句子结构。句意：那些漂亮的剪纸作品一定会给你留下深刻印象。根据要求用名词impression，表示“给你留下深刻印象”可用make/leave an impression on you，由情态动词will可知，动词make/leave应用原形；根据要求用what引导主语从句，表示“一定会给你留下深刻印象”用一般将来时，可用What will surely impress you。故填make/leave an impression on you；What will surely impress you。
58． designed to help the students in need which##that was designed to help the students in need
【详解】考查句子结构。句意：这个项目是为了帮助有需要的学生而设计的。但事情并没有按计划进行。根据句型转换要求可知，This project用过去分词短语作定语，它和design之间是被动关系，用过去分词作定语，因此第一空填designed to help the students in need；This project后也可以加定语从句，先行词为The project，从句缺少主语，可用which/that引导从句，故填which was designed to help the students in need。故填designed to help the students in need；which/that was designed to help the students in need。
59． am determined##make up my mind Determined to perform well##Making up my mind to perform well
【详解】考查固定短语、时态和非谓语动词。句意：我决定在期末考试中表现好，所以我正忙于准备考试。分析句子可知，句子要求我们进行同义句转换，首先看第一句，需要替换单词“decide”，意为“决定”，动词词性，涉及短语“be determined to do sth.”或“make up one’s mind to do sth,”，意为“决定做某事”，句子陈述的是客观事实，应用一般现在时，“I”与“am”连用，“one’s”转换为“my”，故空格一应填“am determined”或“make up my mind”，第二句中应用分词短语作状语，句子主语“I”和“determine”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用过去分词作状语，句首单词首字母大写，可填“Determined to perform well”，句子主语“I”和“make”为逻辑上的动宾关系，故应用现在分词作状语，也可填“Making up my mind to perform well”。故答案是①am determined/make up my mind②Determined to perform well/Making up my mind to perform well。
60．think it no good reading
【详解】考查固定短语。句意：我认为躺在床上看书是不好的，这对你的眼睛有很大的伤害。对比两句话可知，空格处替换的是“think reading...is no good”，可换成think it no good reading，是it作形式宾语，真正的宾语是动名词，故填think it no good reading。
61．Attracted by the beauty of the West Lake
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被西湖的美景所吸引，她决定再呆两天。句子分析以及和原句比较可知，设空处应为“被西湖美景吸引”作下文she decided to stay another two days的原因状语。 此句的主语是she，与attract的逻辑主语一致，且attract与she之间是逻辑上的动宾关系，所以用过去分词形式作状语，即attracted by the beauty of the West Lake。因处于句首，所以首字母要大写。故填Attracted by the beauty of the West Lake。
62．dating back to the Ming Dynasty
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这个节日在每年的11月举行。它可以追溯到明朝，在秋天庆祝丰收。分析句子可知，此处考查非谓语动词作定语，结合语意可知，此处应用现在分词作定语修饰逻辑主语The festival，两者之间是主动关系，故可表达为dating back to the Ming Dynasty。故答案是dating back to the Ming Dynasty。
63．Having struggled for months to find
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：蒂娜努力了好几个月才找到一份服务员的工作，最后在当地一家广告公司找到了一份工作。Dina had struggled for months to find a job as a waitress转化成非谓语动词，Dina与struggle为主动关系，所以非谓动词为现在分词的完成时。故填Having struggled for months to find。
64．based on
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：这部电影是根据一个真实事件改编的。结果成功了。分析句子结合题目要求可知，此处动词应用非谓语形式，be based on (以……为根据)为固定搭配，此处用非谓语形式based on，作定语修饰the movie。故填based on。
65．Struck by his inspiring words
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：被他鼓舞人心的话打动了，我决定努力提高我的英语水平。本句话所给的句子为and连接的并列句，该句话可以升级成过去分词作状语。过去分词作状语，表示和句子的主语之间存在被动关系。strike和句子的主语I之间为被动关系。故填Struck by his inspiring words。
66． do all/everything in my power to do what I can to
【详解】考查动词，从句和短语。句意：你太勤奋了，我会尽力帮助你多了解唐诗。根据句意和提示可知，原句中的“try my best to”表示“尽力做某事”，可以变换为do all/everything in my power to“尽我所能做一切事情”，或者do what I can to“尽我所能去做某事”，what引导宾语从句，故填①do all/everything in my power to②do what I can to。
67．Having survived that night
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：由于那天晚上活了下来，我们相信一切都会好起来的。分析可知，逗号前的句子处理为分词作状语，survive和逻辑主语we之间为主动关系，且发生在谓语动词之前，故应用现在分词的完成式，作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Having survived that night。
68． had he suffered such a great loss having suffered such a great loss
【详解】考查部分倒装和非谓语动词。句意：他一生中从未遭受过如此巨大的损失，所以他几乎失去了生活的希望。第一空用部分倒装，原句为过去完成时，故将had提前到主语之前；第二空用现在分词短语having suffered such a great loss，作状语。故填①had he suffered such a great loss；②having suffered such a great loss。
69．Deeply affected by##Deeply moved by ##Deeply touched by
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：许多年轻人被他的故事深深打动，开始为残疾人做志愿工作。此处可用过去分词短语deeply affected/moved/touched by，作状语改写。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Deeply affected/moved/touched by。
70． Burying himself in his book Buried in his book
【详解】考查非谓语动词作状语。句意：因为他埋头读书，没有注意到其他人已经离开了。分析可知，原来的原因状语从句，处理为分词作状语；bury oneself in“专心于”，和逻辑主语之间为主动关系，故用现在分词作状语；be buried in“专心于”是固定短语，此处省略be，用过去分词作状语。故填Burying himself in his book和Buried in his book。
71．Applying yourself to the job in hand
【详解】考查非谓语动词。句意：专心做手头的工作，你很快就会完成的。此处可用现在分词短语applying yourself to the job in hand，作状语，句首单词首字母要大写。故填Applying yourself to the job in hand。
72．Addicted to surfing the Net
【详解】考查非谓语动词，过去分词短语作状语。句意：许多孩子沉迷于上网，所以他们对学习失去了兴趣。分析可知，Many kids are addicted to surfing the Net可替换为原因状语，be addicted to“成迷于……”是固定短语，省去be用过去分词作状语。故答案为Addicted to surfing the Net。
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