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（精校版）2019年全国卷Ⅰ英语高考真题文档版（含答案）
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这是一份（精校版）2019年全国卷Ⅰ英语高考真题文档版（含答案），共17页。
绝密★启用前
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷I）
英 语
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. Where does this conversation take place?
A. In a classroom. B. In a hospital. C. In a museum.
解析：题干问对话发生的地点，根据材料“Excuse me, sir. Visiting hours are over now. Your wife must get some rest. ”可知，故选B。
2. What does Jack want to do?
A. Take fitness classes. B. Buy a pair of gym shoes. C. Change his work schedule.
解析：题干问Jack想要做什么，根据材料“I need to get in shape. How do I register for the classes? ”可知，故选A。
3. What are the speakers talking about?
A. What to drink. B. Where to meet. C. When to leave.
解析：题干问说话者在讨论什么，根据材料“ ...let's meet in the Red Lion bar to have a nice little talk. ”可知，故选B。
4. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Colleagues. B. Classmates. C. Strangers.
解析：题干问说话者之间是什么关系，根据材料“...I'm calling to ask about the position advertised in Friday's Daily Mail.”可知，故选C。
5. Why is Emily mentioned in the conversation?
A. She might want a ticket. B. She is looking for the man. C. She has an extra ticket.
解析：题干问对话中为什么会提到Emily ,根据材料“...I already have one. You can ask Emily. She might be interested.”可知，故选A。
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. How long did James run his business?
A. 10 years. B. 13 years. C. 15 years.
解析：题干问James经商多久了，根据材料“He had owned that business for 15 years.”可知，故选C。
7. How does the woman feel about James’ situation?
A. Embarrassed. B. Concerned. C. Disappointed.
解析：题干问女士怎样认为James的处境的，根据材料“But life must be pretty tough for his family now.”可知，故选B。
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What has Kate’s mother decided to do?
A. Return to school. B. Change her job. C. Retire from work.
解析：题干问Kate的妈妈决定做什么，根据材料“My mother's decided to go back to school.”可知，故选A。
9. What did Kate’s mother study at college?
A. Oil painting. B. Art history. C. Business administration.
解析：题干问Kate的妈妈上大学的时候主修什么（专业），根据材料“...she always loved art, but learned business administration at college...”可知，故选C。
10. What is Kate’s attitude toward her mother’s decision?
A. Disapproving. B. Ambiguous. C. Understanding.
解析：题干问Kate对于她妈妈的决定持有什么态度，根据材料“She needs to find something interesting to do.”可知，故选C。
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What is the man doing?
A. Chairing a meeting. B. Hosting a radio program. C. Conducting a job interview.
解析：题干问男士是做什么的，根据材料“Dear listeners, for today's show...”可知，故选B。
12. What benefits Mary most in her job?
A. Her wide reading. B. Her leaders’ guidance. C. Her friends’ help.
解析：题干问Mary在工作中最受益的是什么，根据材料“He used to tell me that readers were leaders, and encouraged me to read all I could.”可知，故选A。
13. Who will Mary talk about next?
A. Her teacher. B. Her father. C. Her mother.
解析：题干问Mary接下来要讨论谁，根据材料“Well, my mother helped me in a much different way.”可知，故选C。
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. Why does the man seldom do exercise?
A. He lacks motivation. B. He has a heart problem. C. He works all the time.
解析：提干问为什么男士很少锻炼，根据材料“...having the doctor tell us to get two and a half hours of exercise a week doesn’t really help our motivation much.”可知，故选A。
15. What does Jacob Sattelmair probably do?
A. He’s an athlete. B. He’s a researcher. C. He’s a journalist.
解析：题干问Jacob Sattelmair是做什么的，根据材料“Jacob Sattelmair from Harvard University has done a study into how much exercise is needed to lower the risk of heart attacks.”可知，故选B。
16. Why does the woman speak of a study?
A. To encourage the man. B. To recommend an exercise. C. To support her findings.
解析：题干问为什么女士提到了一项研究，根据材料“ The study showed that...lowering their death risk by 14%.”以及“Of course, even 15 minutes would help.”可知，故选A。
17. How much time will the man probably spend exercising weekly?
A. 300 minutes. B. 150 minute. C. 75 minutes.
解析：题干问男士可能每周花多长时间锻炼，根据材料“Still, the people who exercised 150 minutes a week did pretty well too, lowering their death risk by 14%.”以及“And what about the people who exercise half as much as that, like what I probably do?”可知，故选C。
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What did the scientists do to the road?
A. They repaired it. B. They painted it. C. They blocked it
解析：题干问科学家们对道路做了什么，根据材料“Scientists have painted a long road, red, yellow and white.”可知，故选B。
19. Why are young birds drawn to the road surface?
A. It’s warm. B. It’s brown. C. It’s smooth.
解析：题干问为什么小鸟会被吸引到路面上，根据材料“‘Young birds are often attracted to the warm roads' surface...’”可知，故选A。
20. What is the purpose of the scientists’ experiment?
A. To keep the birds there for a whole year.
B. To help students study the birds well.
C. To prevent the birds from being killed.
解析：题干问科学家们实验的目的是什么，根据材料“...the plan is to see how the birds respond to the multi-colored road this summer, and if it works, the idea could spread to other parts of the country.”可知，故选C。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Need a Job This Summer?
The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.
Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.
Jobs for Youth
If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible（符合条件）for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.
Who is eligible: Youth 15—18 years old in select communities（社区）.
Summer Company
Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3000 to start and run their own summer businesses.
Who is eligible: Students aged 15—29, returning to school in the fall.
Stewardship Youth Ranger Program
You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.
Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.
Summer Employment Opportunities（机会）
Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.
Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.
21. What is special about Summer Company?
A. It requires no training before employment.
B. It provides awards for running new businesses.
C. It allows one to work in the natural environment.
D. It offers more summer job opportunities.
解析：题干问Summer Company有什么特别之处，根据材料“Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3000 to start and run their own summer businesses.”可知，故选B。
22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?
A.15—18. B.15—24. C.15—29. D.16—17.
解析：题干问青少年管理员计划要求的年龄范围是多少，根据材料“Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.”可知，故选D。
23. Which program favors the disabled?
A. Jobs for Youth. B. Summer Company.
C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program. D. Summer Employment Opportunities.
解析：题干问哪个项目对残疾人有利，根据材料“Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.”可知，故选D。
B
For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day, and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
But he’s nervous.＂I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…＂Chris trips on the＂-ld,＂a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.＂…Vote for …me …＂Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
A son of immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls（回想起）how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.
Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. ＂It takes a lot for any student,＂ Whaley explains, ＂especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, ‘I don’t know，but I want to know.’＂
Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast（夸耀）about themselves.
＂Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,＂ Whaley says, ＂is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.＂
24. What made Chris nervous？
A. Telling a story. B. Making a speech.
C. Taking a test. D. Answering a question.
解析：题干问是什么使Chris紧张，根据材料“For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day, and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn.”可知，故选B。
25. What does the underlined word ＂stumbles＂ in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Improper pauses. B. Bad manners. C. Spelling mistakes. D. Silly jokes.
解析：题干问第二段划线的“stumbles”一词指的是什么，根据材料第二段Chris演讲的磕磕绊绊以及“Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well.”可知，故选A。
26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to _________.
A. help students see their own strengths
B. assess students’ public speaking skills
C. prepare students for their future jobs
D. inspire students’ love for politics
解析：题干问我们可以推断出Whaley项目的目的是什么，根据材料“Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast（夸耀）about themselves.”可知，故选A。
27. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?
A. Humorous. B. Ambitious. C. Caring. D. Demanding.
解析：题干问下列哪一项最能描述作为一名教师的Whaley，根据材料“His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.”可知，故选C。
C
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric（生物测量）technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device（装置）that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence（节奏）with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to — regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word ＂touch＂four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?
A. To reduce pressure on keys. B. To improve accuracy in typing.
C. To replace the password system. D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.
解析：题干问为什么研究人员要开发智能键盘，根据材料“At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.”可知，故选D。
29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?
A. Computers are much easier to operate.
B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D. Data security measures are guaranteed.
解析：题干问是什么让智能键盘的发明成为可能，根据材料“These patterns are unique to each person.”可知，故选C。
30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?
A. It’ll be environment-friendly. B. It’ll reach consumers soon.
C. It’ll be made of plastics. D. It’ll help speed up typing.
解析：题干问研究人员对智能键盘有何期待，根据材料“The team hopes to make it to market in the near future. ”可知，故选B。
31. Where is this text most likely from?
A. A diary. B. A guidebook. C. A novel. D. A magazine.
解析：题干问这篇文章最有可能来自哪里，根据文章内容，这是一篇科普性说明文，根据排除法，故选D。
D
During the rosy years of elementary school（小学）, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are ＂most likely to engage（从事）in dangerous and risky behavior.＂
In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys（调查研究）. ＂We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."
Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.
In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ＂ he said.
32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?
A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool.
解析：题干问作者在小学早期是什么样的女孩，根据材料“During the rosy years of elementary school（小学）, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status.”可知，故选C。
33.What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A. The classification of the popular.
B. The characteristics of adolescents.
C. The importance of interpersonal skills.
D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.
解析：题干问文章第二段主要讲什么内容，根据材料“Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories...”可知，故选A。
34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids?
A. They appeared to be aggressive.
B. They tended to be more adaptable.
C. They enjoyed the highest status.
D. They performed well academically.
解析：题干问关于最受大家喜欢的孩子，Prinstein博士发现了什么，根据材料“It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment...”可知，故选B。
35. What is the best title for the text?
A. Be Nice—You Won’t Finish Last
B. The Higher the Status, the Better
C. Be the Best—You Can Make It
D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness
解析：题干问文章最好的标题是什么，根据材料内容可知主要是讲受欢迎的人的特征，故选A。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?
We all grew up hearing people tell us to ＂go out and get some fresh air＂ . 36 According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good.
37 If the air you’re breathing is clean — which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities — then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles（肌肉）and your brain.
Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing（治愈）. 38 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood（情绪）. Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. 39 It gives us a great feeling of peace.
40 While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D — but still protect your skin — put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D.
A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B. So what are you waiting for?
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?
F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care.
G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
36. 解析：根据空格后的句子“According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES...”可知空格处应该是疑问句，以及空格前的“fresh air”，故选E。
37. 解析：空格位置是在段落的开头，根据文章整体形式，可知空格句子是段落主旨，第二段主要讲呼吸新鲜空气的好处，故选A。
38. 解析：根据空格后的句子“In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.”其中“In these places”是G项中的“Healing Gardens”，故选G。
39. 解析：空格前两句主要讲绿色植物的好处，后一句则是讲这给我们平和的感觉，C项“置身于大自然使我们精神焕发”，承上启下，故选C。
40. 解析：本段主要讲了阳光对身体的益处，D项中的“sunlight”与空格后的“sun’s rays”呼应，故选D。
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 （共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Every year about 40000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 41 with them lots of waste. The 42 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers（冰川）are disappearing, changing the 43 of Kilimanjaro.
Hearing these stories, I’m 44 about the place — other destinations are described as ＂purer＂ natural experiences.
However, I soon 45 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46 among tons of rubbish. I find a 47 mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are 48 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 49 .
The best of a Kilimanjaro 50 , in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are 51 as spiritual places by many cultures. This 52 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 53 go through five ecosystems（生态系统）in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3000 meters, 54 lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather 55 — low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I 56 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland 57 : gravel（砾石）, stones and rocks. 58 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 59 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
Does Kilimanjaro 60 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? I found the opposite to be true.
41. A. keep B. mix C. connect D. bring
解析：根据前文内容，每年约有4万人试图攀登非洲最高峰乞力马扎罗山，这里指他们带来大量垃圾，故选D。
42. A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters
解析：此处指登山的人可能会破坏这个地方的美丽景色，crowds指“一帮人”故选C。
43. A. position B. age C. face D. name
解析：根据“ The glaciers（冰川）are disappearing, changing...”可知，冰川正在消失，改变了乞力马扎罗山的面貌，故选C。
44. A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy
解析：根据上文和空格后的“...as ‘purer’ natural experiences.”可知，作者对该地的“纯粹”持怀疑态度，故选B。
45. A. discover B. argue C. decide D. advocate
解析：根据句子中“...that much has changed...”可知，作者很快发现情况已经发生了很大变化，故选A。
46. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones
解析：根据下文“...at camps and along the paths.”可知，此处指营地在大量垃圾当中，故选C。
47. A. remote B. quiet C. all D. clean
解析：根据句意，作者发现了一座干净的山，这座山的营地和小路边都有厕所，故选D。
48. A. new B. special C. significant D. necessary
解析：根据上文内容可知，此处环境方面的挑战是显著的，故选C。
49. A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away
解析：根据上文中的“The environmental challenges ... seem to be...”可知，虽然环境方面挑战是显著的，但是坦桑尼亚国家管理局的所付出的努力似乎在取得成效，故选A。
50. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight
解析：根据内容“... in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top.”和第四段可知，在作者看来在乞力马扎罗山的体现不是爬到山顶，故选B。
51. A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded
解析：regard...as...为固定短语，意思是“把……视为……”本句意思为许多文化都把山视为精神圣地，故选D。
52. A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose
解析：根据上文可知，这种观点在乞力马扎罗山尤为明显，故选A。
53. A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials
解析：根据本句材料“ ...go through five ecosystems（生态系统）in the space of a few kilometers.”和下文可知，登山者在几千米的空间经历了5个生态系统，故选B。
54. A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to
解析：根据句意可知热带雨林在海拔3000米的地方突然消失，取而代之的是低矮的植物，故选D。
55. A. changes B. clears C. improves D. permits
解析：根据材料“...low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass.”以及破折号后是解释说明的作用，句意为再往上天气就变了，故选A。
56. A. match B. imagine C. count D. add
解析：根据材料“...thick grass...”以及“...twelve shades of green from where I stand.”可知，作者在自己站着的地方数出12种颜色，故选C。
57. A. village B. desert C. road D. lake
解析：根据材料“...gravel（砾石）, stones and rocks.”可知，海拔4000米以上是高原沙漠，故选B。
58. A. Obviously B. Easily C. Consequently D. Finally
解析：根据材料“...you climb into an arctic-like zone...”以及句子的位置可知最后你爬到了一个类似北极的地带，故选D。
59. A. permanent B. little C. fresh D. artificial
解析：根据材料“...snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.”可知，此处是指拥有永久积雪和冰川的类似北极的地带，故选A。
60. A. enjoy B. deserve C. save D. acquire
解析：这里指作者质疑因周围挤满游客而破坏了安宁的气氛的乞力马扎罗山是否名副其实，deserve ones reputation意为“名副其实，名不虚传”可知，故选B。
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20000-25000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68 (high) than they actually are. Of 69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
61. 解析：考查同位语从句。空格处引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence，不缺少成分，故用that连接。
62. 解析：考查词性转换，应用副词修饰动词“studied”，故填poorly。
63. 解析：考查介词，“methods”经常与of/for 连用，意为“...的方法”。故填of/for。
64. 解析：考查非谓语动词，be+adj.+to do意为“做某事是……的”。故填to perform。
65. 解析：考查动词时态，“In recent years”通常和现在完成时连用。故填have reported。
66. 解析：考查词性转换，本句为同位语从句，从句解释抽象名词belief。故填belief。
67. 解析：考查非谓语动词，介词“by”后使用动名词，意为“通过做某事”。另外Scientists和nothing之间是主动关系，应用主动语态，故填nothing。
68. 解析：考查形容词比较级，故填higher。
69. 解析：考查冠词，此处特指被确认的北极熊亚种群，故填the。
70. 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致，文章主体时态为一般现在时，且主语是复数，故填are。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. To everyone`s surprising, the ball went into the net. All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. From now on, I started to play my football with classmates after school. I am a good player now.
I became in playing football thanks to a small accident.
One afternoon I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me almost hit me.
I stopped the ball and kicked it back to the playground. To everyone’s , the ball went into the net. All the football on the playground cheered loudly, that I had a talent for football. From on, I started to play football with classmates after school. I am a good player now.
1. interesting改为interested。
解析：be/become interested in...意为“对……感兴趣”。
2. where改为when。
解析：该句为定语从句，先行词为“One afternoon”且关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用when引导，故将where改为when。
3. 在football前面加a。
解析：名词football为可数名词，此处指一个足球掉下来，是泛指，另外“football”的读音以辅音音素开头，故用“a”。
4. but改为and。
解析：根据语境可知，一个足球掉下来差点砸到“我”，不是转折关系，是顺承关系，应用and连接。
5. hardly改为hard。
解析：此处指“我”用力把球踢回操场。Hardly意为“几乎不”，与语境不符，应用“hard”意为“费力地”。
6. surprising改为surprise。
解析：to one’s surprise是固定搭配，意为“使某人惊奇的是”。
7. player改为players。
解析：player是可数名词，根据前面的“All”可知，player应用复数形式。
8. say改为saying。
解析：该句的谓语动词是cheered，从处应用非谓语动词。say与逻辑主语“All the football players”之间是主动关系，应用其现在分词形式做伴随状语，故将say改为saying。
9. now改为then。
解析：from now on意为“从现在开始”；from then on意为“从那时起”。故将now改为then。
10. 去掉play后的my。
play football是固定短语，意为“踢足球”。故去掉play后的my。
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，暑假在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括：
1．写信目的：
2．个人优势：
3．能做的事情。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．结束语已为你写好。
（略）
绝密★启用前
2019年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（全国卷I）
英 语
注意事项：
1．答卷前，考生务必将自己的姓名、准考证号填写在答题卡和试卷指定位置上。
2．回答选择题时，选出每小题答案后，用铅笔把答题卡上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。回答非选择题时，将答案写在答题卡上，写在本试卷上无效。
3．考试结束后，将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
第一部分 听力（共两节，满分30分）
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节（共5小题；每小题1.5分，满分7.5分）
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
例：How much is the shirt?
A. £19.15. B. £9.18. C. £9.15.
答案是C。
1. Where does this conversation take place?
A. In a classroom. B. In a hospital. C. In a museum.
解析：题干问对话发生的地点，根据材料“Excuse me, sir. Visiting hours are over now. Your wife must get some rest. ”可知，故选B。
2. What does Jack want to do?
A. Take fitness classes. B. Buy a pair of gym shoes. C. Change his work schedule.
解析：题干问Jack想要做什么，根据材料“I need to get in shape. How do I register for the classes? ”可知，故选A。
3. What are the speakers talking about?
A. What to drink. B. Where to meet. C. When to leave.
解析：题干问说话者在讨论什么，根据材料“ ...let's meet in the Red Lion bar to have a nice little talk. ”可知，故选B。
4. What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Colleagues. B. Classmates. C. Strangers.
解析：题干问说话者之间是什么关系，根据材料“...I'm calling to ask about the position advertised in Friday's Daily Mail.”可知，故选C。
5. Why is Emily mentioned in the conversation?
A. She might want a ticket. B. She is looking for the man. C. She has an extra ticket.
解析：题干问对话中为什么会提到Emily ,根据材料“...I already have one. You can ask Emily. She might be interested.”可知，故选A。
第二节（共15小题；每小题1.5分，满分22.5分）
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟；听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听第6段材料，回答第6、7题。
6. How long did James run his business?
A. 10 years. B. 13 years. C. 15 years.
解析：题干问James经商多久了，根据材料“He had owned that business for 15 years.”可知，故选C。
7. How does the woman feel about James’ situation?
A. Embarrassed. B. Concerned. C. Disappointed.
解析：题干问女士怎样认为James的处境的，根据材料“But life must be pretty tough for his family now.”可知，故选B。
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. What has Kate’s mother decided to do?
A. Return to school. B. Change her job. C. Retire from work.
解析：题干问Kate的妈妈决定做什么，根据材料“My mother's decided to go back to school.”可知，故选A。
9. What did Kate’s mother study at college?
A. Oil painting. B. Art history. C. Business administration.
解析：题干问Kate的妈妈上大学的时候主修什么（专业），根据材料“...she always loved art, but learned business administration at college...”可知，故选C。
10. What is Kate’s attitude toward her mother’s decision?
A. Disapproving. B. Ambiguous. C. Understanding.
解析：题干问Kate对于她妈妈的决定持有什么态度，根据材料“She needs to find something interesting to do.”可知，故选C。
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. What is the man doing?
A. Chairing a meeting. B. Hosting a radio program. C. Conducting a job interview.
解析：题干问男士是做什么的，根据材料“Dear listeners, for today's show...”可知，故选B。
12. What benefits Mary most in her job?
A. Her wide reading. B. Her leaders’ guidance. C. Her friends’ help.
解析：题干问Mary在工作中最受益的是什么，根据材料“He used to tell me that readers were leaders, and encouraged me to read all I could.”可知，故选A。
13. Who will Mary talk about next?
A. Her teacher. B. Her father. C. Her mother.
解析：题干问Mary接下来要讨论谁，根据材料“Well, my mother helped me in a much different way.”可知，故选C。
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. Why does the man seldom do exercise?
A. He lacks motivation. B. He has a heart problem. C. He works all the time.
解析：提干问为什么男士很少锻炼，根据材料“...having the doctor tell us to get two and a half hours of exercise a week doesn’t really help our motivation much.”可知，故选A。
15. What does Jacob Sattelmair probably do?
A. He’s an athlete. B. He’s a researcher. C. He’s a journalist.
解析：题干问Jacob Sattelmair是做什么的，根据材料“Jacob Sattelmair from Harvard University has done a study into how much exercise is needed to lower the risk of heart attacks.”可知，故选B。
16. Why does the woman speak of a study?
A. To encourage the man. B. To recommend an exercise. C. To support her findings.
解析：题干问为什么女士提到了一项研究，根据材料“ The study showed that...lowering their death risk by 14%.”以及“Of course, even 15 minutes would help.”可知，故选A。
17. How much time will the man probably spend exercising weekly?
A. 300 minutes. B. 150 minute. C. 75 minutes.
解析：题干问男士可能每周花多长时间锻炼，根据材料“Still, the people who exercised 150 minutes a week did pretty well too, lowering their death risk by 14%.”以及“And what about the people who exercise half as much as that, like what I probably do?”可知，故选C。
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. What did the scientists do to the road?
A. They repaired it. B. They painted it. C. They blocked it
解析：题干问科学家们对道路做了什么，根据材料“Scientists have painted a long road, red, yellow and white.”可知，故选B。
19. Why are young birds drawn to the road surface?
A. It’s warm. B. It’s brown. C. It’s smooth.
解析：题干问为什么小鸟会被吸引到路面上，根据材料“‘Young birds are often attracted to the warm roads' surface...’”可知，故选A。
20. What is the purpose of the scientists’ experiment?
A. To keep the birds there for a whole year.
B. To help students study the birds well.
C. To prevent the birds from being killed.
解析：题干问科学家们实验的目的是什么，根据材料“...the plan is to see how the birds respond to the multi-colored road this summer, and if it works, the idea could spread to other parts of the country.”可知，故选C。
第二部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
Need a Job This Summer?
The provincial government and its partners offer many programs to help students find summer jobs. The deadlines and what you need to apply depend on the program.
Not a student? Go to the government website to learn about programs and online tools available to help people under 30 build skills, find a job or start businesses all year round.
Jobs for Youth
If you are a teenager living in certain parts of the province, you could be eligible（符合条件）for this program, which provides eight weeks of paid employment along with training.
Who is eligible: Youth 15—18 years old in select communities（社区）.
Summer Company
Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3000 to start and run their own summer businesses.
Who is eligible: Students aged 15—29, returning to school in the fall.
Stewardship Youth Ranger Program
You could apply to be a Stewardship Youth Ranger and work on local natural resource management projects for eight weeks this summer.
Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.
Summer Employment Opportunities（机会）
Through the Summer Employment Opportunities program, students are hired each year in a variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.
Who is eligible: Students aged 15 or older. Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.
21. What is special about Summer Company?
A. It requires no training before employment.
B. It provides awards for running new businesses.
C. It allows one to work in the natural environment.
D. It offers more summer job opportunities.
解析：题干问Summer Company有什么特别之处，根据材料“Summer Company provides students with hands-on business training and awards of up to $3000 to start and run their own summer businesses.”可知，故选B。
22. What is the age range required by Stewardship Youth Ranger Program?
A.15—18. B.15—24. C.15—29. D.16—17.
解析：题干问青少年管理员计划要求的年龄范围是多少，根据材料“Who is eligible: Students aged 16 or 17 at time of hire, but not turning 18 before December 31 this year.”可知，故选D。
23. Which program favors the disabled?
A. Jobs for Youth. B. Summer Company.
C. Stewardship Youth Ranger Program. D. Summer Employment Opportunities.
解析：题干问哪个项目对残疾人有利，根据材料“Some positions require students to be 15 to 24 or up to 29 for persons with a disability.”可知，故选D。
B
For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day, and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn. The 8-year-old is the joker of the class. With shining dark eyes, he seems like the kind of kid who would enjoy public speaking.
But he’s nervous.＂I’m here to tell you today why you should … should…＂Chris trips on the＂-ld,＂a pronunciation difficulty for many non-native English speakers. His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.＂…Vote for …me …＂Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well. When he brings his speech to a nice conclusion, Whaley invites the rest of the class to praise him.
A son of immigrants, Chris started learning English a little over three years ago. Whaley recalls（回想起）how at the beginning of the year, when called upon to read, Chris would excuse himself to go to the bathroom.
Learning English as a second language can be a painful experience. What you need is a great teacher who lets you make mistakes. ＂It takes a lot for any student,＂ Whaley explains, ＂especially for a student who is learning English as their new language, to feel confident enough to say, ‘I don’t know，but I want to know.’＂
Whaley got the idea of this second-grade presidential campaign project when he asked the children one day to raise their hands if they thought they could never be a president. The answer broke his heart. Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast（夸耀）about themselves.
＂Boasting about yourself, and your best qualities,＂ Whaley says, ＂is very difficult for a child who came into the classroom not feeling confident.＂
24. What made Chris nervous？
A. Telling a story. B. Making a speech.
C. Taking a test. D. Answering a question.
解析：题干问是什么使Chris紧张，根据材料“For Canaan Elementary’s second grade in Patchogue, N.Y.，today is speech day, and right now it’s Chris Palaez’s turn.”可知，故选B。
25. What does the underlined word ＂stumbles＂ in paragraph 2 refer to?
A. Improper pauses. B. Bad manners. C. Spelling mistakes. D. Silly jokes.
解析：题干问第二段划线的“stumbles”一词指的是什么，根据材料第二段Chris演讲的磕磕绊绊以及“Except for some stumbles, Chris is doing amazingly well.”可知，故选A。
26. We can infer that the purpose of Whaley’s project is to _________.
A. help students see their own strengths
B. assess students’ public speaking skills
C. prepare students for their future jobs
D. inspire students’ love for politics
解析：题干问我们可以推断出Whaley项目的目的是什么，根据材料“Whaley says the project is about more than just learning to read and speak in public. He wants these kids to learn to boast（夸耀）about themselves.”可知，故选A。
27. Which of the following best describes Whaley as a teacher?
A. Humorous. B. Ambitious. C. Caring. D. Demanding.
解析：题干问下列哪一项最能描述作为一名教师的Whaley，根据材料“His teacher, Thomas Whaley, is next to him, whispering support.”可知，故选C。
C
As data and identity theft becomes more and more common, the market is growing for biometric（生物测量）technologies—like fingerprint scans—to keep others out of private e-spaces. At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.
Researchers from Georgia Tech say that they have come up with a low-cost device（装置）that gets around this problem: a smart keyboard. This smart keyboard precisely measures the cadence（节奏）with which one types and the pressure fingers apply to each key. The keyboard could offer a strong layer of security by analyzing things like the force of a user’s typing and the time between key presses. These patterns are unique to each person. Thus, the keyboard can determine people’s identities, and by extension, whether they should be given access to the computer it’s connected to — regardless of whether someone gets the password right.
It also doesn’t require a new type of technology that people aren’t already familiar with. Everybody uses a keyboard and everybody types differently.
In a study describing the technology, the researchers had 100 volunteers type the word ＂touch＂four times using the smart keyboard. Data collected from the device could be used to recognize different participants based on how they typed, with very low error rates. The researchers say that the keyboard should be pretty straightforward to commercialize and is mostly made of inexpensive, plastic-like parts. The team hopes to make it to market in the near future.
28. Why do the researchers develop the smart keyboard?
A. To reduce pressure on keys. B. To improve accuracy in typing.
C. To replace the password system. D. To cut the cost of e-space protection.
解析：题干问为什么研究人员要开发智能键盘，根据材料“At present, these technologies are still expensive, though.”可知，故选D。
29. What makes the invention of the smart keyboard possible?
A. Computers are much easier to operate.
B. Fingerprint scanning techniques develop fast.
C. Typing patterns vary from person to person.
D. Data security measures are guaranteed.
解析：题干问是什么让智能键盘的发明成为可能，根据材料“These patterns are unique to each person.”可知，故选C。
30. What do the researchers expect of the smart keyboard?
A. It’ll be environment-friendly. B. It’ll reach consumers soon.
C. It’ll be made of plastics. D. It’ll help speed up typing.
解析：题干问研究人员对智能键盘有何期待，根据材料“The team hopes to make it to market in the near future. ”可知，故选B。
31. Where is this text most likely from?
A. A diary. B. A guidebook. C. A novel. D. A magazine.
解析：题干问这篇文章最有可能来自哪里，根据文章内容，这是一篇科普性说明文，根据排除法，故选D。
D
During the rosy years of elementary school（小学）, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status. I was the queen of the playground. Then came my tweens and teens, and mean girls and cool kids. They rose in the ranks not by being friendly but by smoking cigarettes, breaking rules and playing jokes on others, among whom I soon found myself.
Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories: the likable and the status seekers. The likables’ plays-well-with-others qualities strengthen schoolyard friendships, jump-start interpersonal skills and, when tapped early, are employed ever after in life and work. Then there’s the kind of popularity that appears in adolescence: status born of power and even dishonorable behavior.
Enviable as the cool kids may have seemed, Dr. Prinstein’s studies show unpleasant consequences. Those who were highest in status in high school, as well as those least liked in elementary school, are ＂most likely to engage（从事）in dangerous and risky behavior.＂
In one study, Dr. Prinstein examined the two types of popularity in 235 adolescents, scoring the least liked, the most liked and the highest in status based on student surveys（调查研究）. ＂We found that the least well-liked teens had become more aggressive over time toward their classmates. But so had those who were high in status. It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment, high status has just the opposite effect on us."
Dr. Prinstein has also found that the qualities that made the neighbors want you on a play date-sharing, kindness, openness — carry over to later years and make you better able to relate and connect with others.
In analyzing his and other research，Dr. Prinstein came to another conclusion: Not only is likability related to positive life outcomes, but it is also responsible for those outcomes, too. "Being liked creates opportunities for learning and for new kinds of life experiences that help somebody gain an advantage, ＂ he said.
32. What sort of girl was the author in her early years of elementary school?
A. Unkind. B. Lonely. C. Generous. D. Cool.
解析：题干问作者在小学早期是什么样的女孩，根据材料“During the rosy years of elementary school（小学）, I enjoyed sharing my dolls and jokes, which allowed me to keep my high social status.”可知，故选C。
33.What is the second paragraph mainly about？
A. The classification of the popular.
B. The characteristics of adolescents.
C. The importance of interpersonal skills.
D. The causes of dishonorable behavior.
解析：题干问文章第二段主要讲什么内容，根据材料“Popularity is a well-explored subject in social psychology. Mitch Prinstein, a professor of clinical psychology sorts the popular into two categories...”可知，故选A。
34. What did Dr. Prinstein’s study find about the most liked kids?
A. They appeared to be aggressive.
B. They tended to be more adaptable.
C. They enjoyed the highest status.
D. They performed well academically.
解析：题干问关于最受大家喜欢的孩子，Prinstein博士发现了什么，根据材料“It clearly showed that while likability can lead to healthy adjustment...”可知，故选B。
35. What is the best title for the text?
A. Be Nice—You Won’t Finish Last
B. The Higher the Status, the Better
C. Be the Best—You Can Make It
D. More Self-Control, Less Aggressiveness
解析：题干问文章最好的标题是什么，根据材料内容可知主要是讲受欢迎的人的特征，故选A。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Is Fresh Air Really Good for You?
We all grew up hearing people tell us to ＂go out and get some fresh air＂ . 36 According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES, if the air quality in your camping area is good.
37 If the air you’re breathing is clean — which it would be if you’re away from the smog of cities — then the air is filled with life-giving, energizing oxygen. If you exercise out of doors, your body will learn to breathe more deeply, allowing even more oxygen to get to your muscles（肌肉）and your brain.
Recently, people have begun studying the connection between the natural world and healing（治愈）. 38 In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery. It turns out that just looking at green, growing things can reduce stress, lower blood pressure, and put people into a better mood（情绪）. Greenery is good for us. Hospital patients who see tree branches out their window are likely to recover at a faster rate than patients who see buildings or sky instead. 39 It gives us a great feeling of peace.
40 While the sun’s rays can age and harm our skin, they also give us beneficial Vitamin D. To make sure you get enough Vitamin D — but still protect your skin — put on sunscreen right as you head outside. It takes sunscreen about fifteen minutes to start working, and that’s plenty of time for your skin to absorb a day’s worth of Vitamin D.
A. Fresh air cleans our lungs.
B. So what are you waiting for?
C. Being in nature refreshes us.
D. Another side benefit of getting fresh air is sunlight.
E. But is fresh air really as good for you as your mother always said?
F. Just as importantly, we tend to associate fresh air with health care.
G. All across the country, recovery centers have begun building Healing Gardens.
36. 解析：根据空格后的句子“According to recent studies, the answer is a big YES...”可知空格处应该是疑问句，以及空格前的“fresh air”，故选E。
37. 解析：空格位置是在段落的开头，根据文章整体形式，可知空格句子是段落主旨，第二段主要讲呼吸新鲜空气的好处，故选A。
38. 解析：根据空格后的句子“In these places patients can go to be near nature during their recovery.”其中“In these places”是G项中的“Healing Gardens”，故选G。
39. 解析：空格前两句主要讲绿色植物的好处，后一句则是讲这给我们平和的感觉，C项“置身于大自然使我们精神焕发”，承上启下，故选C。
40. 解析：本段主要讲了阳光对身体的益处，D项中的“sunlight”与空格后的“sun’s rays”呼应，故选D。
第三部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 （共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
Every year about 40000 people attempt to climb Kilimanjaro, the highest mountain in Africa. They 41 with them lots of waste. The 42 might damage the beauty of the place. The glaciers（冰川）are disappearing, changing the 43 of Kilimanjaro.
Hearing these stories, I’m 44 about the place — other destinations are described as ＂purer＂ natural experiences.
However, I soon 45 that much has changed since the days of disturbing reports of 46 among tons of rubbish. I find a 47 mountain, with toilets at camps and along the paths. The environmental challenges are 48 but the efforts made by the Tanzania National Park Authority seem to be 49 .
The best of a Kilimanjaro 50 , in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top. Mountains are 51 as spiritual places by many cultures. This 52 is especially evident on Kilimanjaro as 53 go through five ecosystems（生态系统）in the space of a few kilometers. At the base is a rainforest. It ends abruptly at 3000 meters, 54 lands of low growing plants. Further up, the weather 55 — low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass. I 56 twelve shades of green from where I stand. Above 4, 000 meters is the highland 57 : gravel（砾石）, stones and rocks. 58 you climb into an arctic-like zone with 59 snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.
Does Kilimanjaro 60 its reputation as a crowded mountain with lines of tourists ruining the atmosphere of peace? I found the opposite to be true.
41. A. keep B. mix C. connect D. bring
解析：根据前文内容，每年约有4万人试图攀登非洲最高峰乞力马扎罗山，这里指他们带来大量垃圾，故选D。
42. A. stories B. buildings C. crowds D. reporters
解析：此处指登山的人可能会破坏这个地方的美丽景色，crowds指“一帮人”故选C。
43. A. position B. age C. face D. name
解析：根据“ The glaciers（冰川）are disappearing, changing...”可知，冰川正在消失，改变了乞力马扎罗山的面貌，故选C。
44. A. silent B. skeptical C. serious D. crazy
解析：根据上文和空格后的“...as ‘purer’ natural experiences.”可知，作者对该地的“纯粹”持怀疑态度，故选B。
45. A. discover B. argue C. decide D. advocate
解析：根据句子中“...that much has changed...”可知，作者很快发现情况已经发生了很大变化，故选A。
46. A. equipment B. grass C. camps D. stones
解析：根据下文“...at camps and along the paths.”可知，此处指营地在大量垃圾当中，故选C。
47. A. remote B. quiet C. all D. clean
解析：根据句意，作者发现了一座干净的山，这座山的营地和小路边都有厕所，故选D。
48. A. new B. special C. significant D. necessary
解析：根据上文内容可知，此处环境方面的挑战是显著的，故选C。
49. A. paying off B. spreading out C. blowing up D. fading away
解析：根据上文中的“The environmental challenges ... seem to be...”可知，虽然环境方面挑战是显著的，但是坦桑尼亚国家管理局的所付出的努力似乎在取得成效，故选A。
50. A. atmosphere B. experience C. experiment D. sight
解析：根据内容“... in my opinion, isn’t reaching the top.”和第四段可知，在作者看来在乞力马扎罗山的体现不是爬到山顶，故选B。
51. A. studied B. observed C. explored D. regarded
解析：regard...as...为固定短语，意思是“把……视为……”本句意思为许多文化都把山视为精神圣地，故选D。
52. A. view B. quality C. reason D. purpose
解析：根据上文可知，这种观点在乞力马扎罗山尤为明显，故选A。
53. A. scientists B. climbers C. locals D. officials
解析：根据本句材料“ ...go through five ecosystems（生态系统）in the space of a few kilometers.”和下文可知，登山者在几千米的空间经历了5个生态系统，故选B。
54. A. holding on to B. going back to C. living up to D. giving way to
解析：根据句意可知热带雨林在海拔3000米的地方突然消失，取而代之的是低矮的植物，故选D。
55. A. changes B. clears C. improves D. permits
解析：根据材料“...low clouds envelope the mountainsides, which are covered with thick grass.”以及破折号后是解释说明的作用，句意为再往上天气就变了，故选A。
56. A. match B. imagine C. count D. add
解析：根据材料“...thick grass...”以及“...twelve shades of green from where I stand.”可知，作者在自己站着的地方数出12种颜色，故选C。
57. A. village B. desert C. road D. lake
解析：根据材料“...gravel（砾石）, stones and rocks.”可知，海拔4000米以上是高原沙漠，故选B。
58. A. Obviously B. Easily C. Consequently D. Finally
解析：根据材料“...you climb into an arctic-like zone...”以及句子的位置可知最后你爬到了一个类似北极的地带，故选D。
59. A. permanent B. little C. fresh D. artificial
解析：根据材料“...snow and the glaciers that may soon disappear.”可知，此处是指拥有永久积雪和冰川的类似北极的地带，故选A。
60. A. enjoy B. deserve C. save D. acquire
解析：这里指作者质疑因周围挤满游客而破坏了安宁的气氛的乞力马扎罗山是否名副其实，deserve ones reputation意为“名副其实，名不虚传”可知，故选B。
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
The polar bear is found in the Arctic Circle and some big land masses as far south as Newfoundland. While they are rare north of 88°, there is evidence 61 they range all the way across the Arctic, and as far south as James Bay in Canada. It is difficult to figure out a global population of polar bears as much of the range has been 62 (poor) studied; however, biologists calculate that there are about 20000-25000 polar bears worldwide.
Modern methods 63 tracking polar bear populations have been employed only since the mid-1980s, and are expensive 64 (perform) consistently over a large area. In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut 65 (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements, leading to a 66 (believe) that populations are increasing. Scientists have responded by 67 (note) that hungry bears may be congregating(聚集) around human settlements, leading to the illusion(错觉) that populations are 68 (high) than they actually are. Of 69 nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six 70 (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
61. 解析：考查同位语从句。空格处引导同位语从句，解释说明evidence，不缺少成分，故用that连接。
62. 解析：考查词性转换，应用副词修饰动词“studied”，故填poorly。
63. 解析：考查介词，“methods”经常与of/for 连用，意为“...的方法”。故填of/for。
64. 解析：考查非谓语动词，be+adj.+to do意为“做某事是……的”。故填to perform。
65. 解析：考查动词时态，“In recent years”通常和现在完成时连用。故填have reported。
66. 解析：考查词性转换，本句为同位语从句，从句解释抽象名词belief。故填belief。
67. 解析：考查非谓语动词，介词“by”后使用动名词，意为“通过做某事”。另外Scientists和nothing之间是主动关系，应用主动语态，故填nothing。
68. 解析：考查形容词比较级，故填higher。
69. 解析：考查冠词，此处特指被确认的北极熊亚种群，故填the。
70. 解析：考查动词的时态和主谓一致，文章主体时态为一般现在时，且主语是复数，故填are。
第四部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1．每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2．只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
I became interesting in playing football thanks to a small accident. One afternoon where I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me but almost hit me. I stopped the ball and kicked it hardly back to the playground. To everyone`s surprising, the ball went into the net. All the football player on the playground cheered loudly, say that I had a talent for football. From now on, I started to play my football with classmates after school. I am a good player now.
I became in playing football thanks to a small accident.
One afternoon I was in primary school, I was walking by the school playground. Suddenly football fell just in front of me almost hit me.
I stopped the ball and kicked it back to the playground. To everyone’s , the ball went into the net. All the football on the playground cheered loudly, that I had a talent for football. From on, I started to play football with classmates after school. I am a good player now.
1. interesting改为interested。
解析：be/become interested in...意为“对……感兴趣”。
2. where改为when。
解析：该句为定语从句，先行词为“One afternoon”且关系词在从句中作时间状语，应用when引导，故将where改为when。
3. 在football前面加a。
解析：名词football为可数名词，此处指一个足球掉下来，是泛指，另外“football”的读音以辅音音素开头，故用“a”。
4. but改为and。
解析：根据语境可知，一个足球掉下来差点砸到“我”，不是转折关系，是顺承关系，应用and连接。
5. hardly改为hard。
解析：此处指“我”用力把球踢回操场。Hardly意为“几乎不”，与语境不符，应用“hard”意为“费力地”。
6. surprising改为surprise。
解析：to one’s surprise是固定搭配，意为“使某人惊奇的是”。
7. player改为players。
解析：player是可数名词，根据前面的“All”可知，player应用复数形式。
8. say改为saying。
解析：该句的谓语动词是cheered，从处应用非谓语动词。say与逻辑主语“All the football players”之间是主动关系，应用其现在分词形式做伴随状语，故将say改为saying。
9. now改为then。
解析：from now on意为“从现在开始”；from then on意为“从那时起”。故将now改为then。
10. 去掉play后的my。
play football是固定短语，意为“踢足球”。故去掉play后的my。
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
假定你是李华，暑假在伦敦学习，得知当地美术馆要举办中国画展。请写一封信申请做志愿者，内容包括：
1．写信目的：
2．个人优势：
3．能做的事情。
注意：
1．词数100左右；
2．可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3．结束语已为你写好。
（略）
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