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2022-2023学年辽宁省鞍山市普通高中高一下学期第二次月考英语（A卷）试题含答案
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这是一份2022-2023学年辽宁省鞍山市普通高中高一下学期第二次月考英语（A卷）试题含答案，共23页。试卷主要包含了阅读理解，七选五，完形填空，用单词的适当形式完成短文，邀请信，读后续写等内容，欢迎下载使用。
辽宁省鞍山市普通高中2022-2023学年高一下学期第二次月考英语（A卷）试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
I think a close friend is someone you get on well with，who helps you when you have problems, who gives you advice，and who always has time for you. I didn't use to have many close friends when I was at school because I was very shy，but now I have several. They are all women. I think it's difficult to have a close friend of the opposite sex（异性）.
---Marie
I think a close friend is someone who you've known for a long time，and who you still get on with. They have similar hobbies to you so you can do things together. I've got three close friends who I was at middle school with and we often go out together （without our parents of course）. We often go camping，play football，or walk outside in the open air．
---David
I'm not sure how to answer the question because I don't really have any close friends. I know a lot of people but mainly through work，and the social occasions（场合） when we meet are business dinners, things like that. I think if you come from a really close family，friends are a bit unnecessary. I like spending my free time with my family．
---Richard
For me close friends are the people you spend your free time with. I go out at weekends with a group of people，and they are all my close friends. They're also people who live near me. I don't think you can have close friends at a distance because you need to be able to see each other often. But I don't think you need to be doing the same things. I mean I'm at school but none of my friends are．
---Anna
1．Who doesn’t think women and men can be close friends?
A．Marie. B．David.
C．Richard. D．Anna.
2．What does Richard say about friends?
A．They need to have much in common.
B．They’re less important than family.
C．They must work in the same place.
D．They come from social occasions.
3．What do we know about Anna’s friends?
A．They are all women.
B．They all do the same things.
C．They do not live far away.
D．They are all college students.
Dear Mary,
I’m very happy to receive your letter. I have always dreamed about having a pen-friend. Hopefully, we can learn from each other and grow to be good friends. I think our letters will let us know each other and share parts(宠物)of our lives.
Your horse Shannon looks beautiful. I also want to live on a farm like you and learn to ride horses. It must be interesting to ride through the beautiful countryside. I have pictured myself in that situation so many times. Your sisters are also lovely. I am the only child in my family, and sometimes I feel very lonely.
Life in New York is so busy and it is difficult to find the time to get to know people. Even becoming close to my classmates is quite difficult. However, sometimes it can be the most fantastic(极好的)city in the world. At night it is so bright.
I love reading too! But I have never read any books by your favorite author Enid Blyton. I will have to go to the library in my neighborhood and find some. I also enjoy dancing and have dance class every Thursday and Saturday. My other favorite hobby(爱好)is skating(滑冰). In winter, I like to skate in Central Park.
I have to go now and do my homework. I really hope that I hear from you soon!
Yours Megan
4．Who is Shannon?
A．Mary’s dog. B．Megan’s dog.
C．Mary’s horse. D．Megan’s cat.
5．How often does Megan have dance classes?
A．Once a week. B．Twice a week.
C．Three times a week. D．Four times a week.
6．What do we know about Mary?
A．She has many friends. B．Her sister is good at skating.
C．She likes to live in New York. D．Her favorite writer is Enid Blyton.
7．What is the relationship between Mary and Megan?
A．Schoolmates. B．Penfriends.
C．wife and husband D．They are in the same club
This is a typical (典型的) day for Yang Jinlong.
At 9 a. m., he drives to primary schools and middle schools in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, to teach students about Shaanxi kuaiban. It is a traditional Chinese form of storytelling to the rhythm (节奏) of bamboo clapper (响板), which the art form is named after. Sometimes, he helps students prepare for competitions. Usually, his classes run until about 6 p. m. and then he returns home to prepare classes for the next day.
On June 10, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism announced 325 national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) items in Beijing, increasing the list to1, 557 items. Shaanxi kuaiban, which appeared during the late Qing Dynasty, has been included. The form has been introduced to local schools as part of their art education.
Yang has been teaching young people the art form since 2003 after graduating from the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts in Beijing. He studied quyi there. Quyi is a general term for Chinese folk art forms, including storytelling crosstalk and clapper talk.
“Art education is important for students in China. Just as many students learn to play Western musical instruments like the piano and vioiin, there are many people learning traditional Chinese folk arts, including Shaanxi kuaiban, which I’ll work for my whole life,” he said.
Kuaiban is popular in northern China, including Beijing and Tianjin. According to Yang, Shaanxi kuaiban was influenced by the art of different areas. The art form can be played by a group of players or only one. With one or two pairs of kuaiban of different sizes in hand, the players speak in the local dialect (方言) while telling stories, which are usually about heroes. The player tells stories while playing kuaiban, and it’s easy for the watchers to remember the stories since all the lines rhyme.
Thanks to artists like Yang, this traditional Chinese form of storytelling is passed on and stays alive in our country.
8．Why is today a typical day for Yang Jinlong?
A．He is teaching students about kuaiban as usual.
B．His work starts at 9 and lasts 6 hours like every day.
C．He is preparing for a kuaiban competition today.
D．His life today is as busy and boring as every day.
9．Which of the following about Shaanxi kuaiban is TRUE?
A．It is named after the Shaanxi dialect.
B．It is listed in the national intangible cultural heritage.
C．It is more popular than the piano and violin in northern China.
D．It is played to tell stories usually about common people.
10．Which of the following best describes Yang Jinlong?
A．Devoted. B．Stressed. C．Generous. D．Curious.
11．Why does the writer report Yang Jinlong’s story?
A．To show how to play Shaanxi kuaiban in the local dialect.
B．To tell the difference between Chinese and Western arts.
C．To prove that kuaiban players are living a busy life.
D．To praise the work of spreading traditional Chinese art.
If you want to live longer and lower the risk of heart disease, a move to the mountains may help. Research by scientists in Greece shows that living in the mountains is good for the heart and longevity (长寿). People living at higher altitude have lower possibility of dying from heart disease than those closer to sea level, even if they have factors (因素) that could increase their risk. “Residence (居住) in mountainous areas seems to have a ‘protective effect’ from heart disease,” said Dr Nikos Baibas of the University of Athens. He and his colleagues guess that the increased exercise from walking up mountainous area gives the heart a good workout and enables it to deal with lower levels of oxygen.
Researchers studied the health records and death rates of 1,150 Greeks who lived in three villages near Athens over 15 years. One village was 1,000 meters above sea level and the other two were in low-lying areas. Although men and women living in the mountainous village had higher blood pressure rates and other risk factors than people in the other villages, they had a lower rate of death from heart disease and other causes after a fifteen year follow-up. “The contrast was more evident among men than among women,” Baibas added in a report in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. Heart disease is one of the world’s top killers. Smoking, high blood pressure, raised cholesterol (胆固醇) levels, being overweight and a family history of the illness increase the possibility of developing the disease.
12．That people living at higher altitude have lower chance of dying from heart attack may because they
A．have good dieting style B．live more happily
C．often climb mountains D．know how to keep healthy
13．What does the underlined word “evident” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Clear. B．Good.
C．Hopeful. D．Lucky.
14．According to the text, people are more likely to die from .
A．smoking B．heart disease
C．high blood pressure D．being overweight
15．What can we infer from the text?
A．People often climbing mountians won’t be ill.
B．The research of the Greeks lasted about 10 years.
C．Four other illnesses reduce the chance of developing heart disease.
D．A person smoking often has a chance of developing heart disease.
二、七选五
Food waste in America
Just how much food do Americans waste? Here are some numbers: The United States is the global leader in food waste, with Americans throwing away nearly 40 million tons of food every year. That is equal to more than $161 billion. But the truth is that 37 million people across America — including 11 million children, are suffering from food shortage. 16
More than 80 percent of Americans give up perfectly good food simply because they misunderstand expiration (到期) labels. Labels like "sell by”, "use by”, or "best by” are confusing to people. 17 In reality, a majority of food thrown away is perfectly safe to eat - about 90 percent of tossed food can still be consumed, according to The Economics Review at New York University.
18 And this contributes to a general culture of not valuing it the way other cultures around the globe do. Americans have never gone through food shortage crisis in its short history, thus a large number of people take food for granted.
To solve the problem of food waste in the United States, the government sets a goal to cut U.S. food waste by 50 percent by the year 2030. 19 In this way, the Americans will have a better understanding on the importance of reducing food loss and waste from an early age.
20 Waste can be avoided by improving product development, storage, shopping/ ordering, marketing, labeling, and cooking methods. If excess food is unavoidable, recover it to donate to hunger-relief organizations so that they can feed people in need. Food that cannot be consumed by man can be recycled into other products such as animal feed and clothing.
A．Why do Americans waste so much of their food?
B．Food in the United States is plentiful and less costly.
C．The plan aims to get help from public and private schools.
D．The government has to play a major role in reducing food waste.
E．It is reported that 8 million people get sick from eating the wrong food.
F．To avoid the potential of getting sick, they'll just send it to the garbage.
G．Still, the best way to cut back on food loss is to not create it in the first place.
三、完形填空
An elderly woman is crediting (归功于) her neighbor's 4yearold dog with saving her life during last week's dangerously cold temperatures.
Tim Curfman was 21 his garbage with his dog Midnight when he felt its 22 was unusual. It had its ears held up looking at him. It didn't 23 do that. Curfman got the feeling that something's 24 . So he observed how his dog was acting and 25 it to a spot on the other side of his house. There, he saw his 87yearold neighbor, Noreen, 26 in the snow. She was trying to fill her bird feeder when she fell.
Curfman 27 she was out there at least half an hour. She could not get up because she didn't have enough 28 to push herself up, and there was nothing around the corner to get a 29 of, either. The temperature was one degree below zero, but Curfman and Midnight were able to 30 her quickly.
Noreen, who didn't have serious injuries, was lucky to 31 frostbite (冻伤) even though her clothes were wet. Curfman called his wife and they together helped his neighbor up from the snow and into her 32 ， where his wife helped the elderly woman get into 33 clothes.
Noreen was 34 to Midnight for saving her life. “A dog like this 35 to be proud of because it's not every dog that pays attention to things like this，” Noreen said in an interview.
21．A．sending out B．taking out C．picking out D．handing out
22．A．sound B．attention C．behavior D．appearance
23．A．normally B．suddenly C．really D．daily
24．A．down B．in C．out D．up
25．A．trained B．drove C．walked D．followed
26．A．lying B．moving C．playing D．standing
27．A．guessed B．feared C．argued D．explained
28．A．time B．space C．strength D．courage
29．A．view B．hold C．taste D．command
30．A．save B．report C．find D．visit
31．A．face B．fight C．avoid D．suffer
32．A．car B．garden C．yard D．home
33．A．dry B．clean C．old D．beautiful
34．A．grateful B．close C．rude D．polite
35．A．expects B．intends C．waits D．deserves
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are several 36 (tip) on how to deal with sleep anxiety. The most popular and 37 (help) method is music. There are lots of music and songs which 38 (design) by doctors and experts for ten years.
Secondly, sleeping pills have helped many people since they were made. Although medicine is not 39 first choice for some people, and others refuse it, it can be fairly beneficial. It helps a lot of people stay asleep, so they wake up more 40 (excite) and full of energy.
Relaxation techniques are also very useful. One of them is to slowly tighten every muscle in your body. Count to 20, and then just-relax. Doing this five 41 six times will help you a lot.
Another tip is to learn how 42 (trust) yourself. Sometimes the greatest progress in 43 (deal) with anxiety happens when you improve your mental strength.
44 (final), a big help for sleep anxiety is to work hard during the day. If you work hard and stay busy throughout the day, you will not find yourself 45 (worry) and you’ll fall asleep faster.
五、邀请信
46．假设你是学生会主席李华，你校将举办一次主题为“Human and nature”的英语演讲比赛，请你写封邮件邀请你校外教Paul来做评委，内容包括：
1. 发出邀请；
2. 比赛相关信息；
3. 期待参加。
注意: 1. 词数 80 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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六、读后续写
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
Holidays are not necessarily for fun or rest. Doing something meaningful can also gain special pleasure. When the final bell rang, the students were reminded that there was no school on Monday—the Labor Day. “Enjoy your extra day off,”said the teacher to her class.
An extra day of fun suited Kayla just fine. She loved breaks. She wanted to go out to play with her friends. When the school bus dropped Kayla off, she ran into the house happily.
“How was school, Kayla?” asked her mom.
“It was great, Mom. I am excited about no school on Monday. ”
“You just started back to school two weeks ago. Already in need of a break, huh?” asked Kayla’s mom with a laugh.
Kayla slept in the next morning. Saturday was her favorite day of the week. It rained most of the day, so Kayla enjoyed playing video games inside. On Sunday, her friends came over and they played basketball for several hours.
Then it was Labor Day, you know, the extra day off that Kayla was so looking forward to. But Kayla was awakened early that morning by her dad. He told Kayla that in honor of Labor Day, the family would be cleaning both inside and outside the house. Kayla couldn’t believe it. This was a holiday. A day when she was supposed to be enjoying freshly squeezed lemonade while playing in her tree house. As Kayla wiped her eyes, she began to wonder if this was just a bad dream.
“Kayla, your breakfast is ready. We have a lot of work to do today. Let’s get a move on, ”said Kayla’s mom. As she sat down at the kitchen table, Kayla asked her parents,
“Are you serious about working today? Isn’t Labor Day a holiday?”
“Yes, Kayla. It is, ”replied her dad. “But your mom and I thought working hard today would make you appreciate why Labor Day was observed in the first place. ”
Paragraph1：
At first, Kayla felt disappointed at her parents’ plan for the holiday.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
But things began to change as she was doing the chores.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．A 2．B 3．C
【分析】本文是一篇人生感悟类短文阅读。文章主要通过四位不同人，分别阐述自己认为真正的友谊是什么。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段Marie的观点I think it's difficult to have a close friend of the opposite sex（异性）.可知，Marie认为异性成为亲密的朋友很难。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段Richard的观点I think if you come from a really close family, friends are a bit unnecessary. I like spending my free time with my family.可知，Richard认为朋友没有家人重要。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段Anna的观点They're also people who live near me. I don't think you can have close friends at a distance because you need to be able to see each other often.可知，Anna认为亲密的朋友必须住得很近。故选C。
【点睛】文章内容较为简单，主要考查细节题，对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别。如小题1中题干中women and men与文中的opposite sex表达的同一个意思，这些都考生需要比较它们之间的细微区别。
4．C 5．B 6．D 7．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是Megan写给笔友的Mary的一封信，在信里表达了自己的一些愿望，在纽约的生活以及爱好。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Your horse Shannon looks beautiful.(你的马Shannob看起来很漂亮。)”可知，Shannon是Mary的马。故选C项。
5．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“I also enjoy dancing and have dance class every Thursday and Saturday.(我也喜欢跳舞，每周四和周六都有舞蹈课)”可知，Megan每周四和周六去上舞蹈课，由此可知，她每周上两次舞蹈课。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“I love reading too! But I have never read any books by your favorite author Enid Blyton.(我也喜欢阅读！但我从来没读过你最喜欢的作家伊妮德·布莱顿的书。)”可知，Megan没有读过Mary最爱的作家Enid Blyton写的任何书，由此可知，Mary最喜欢的作家是Enid Blyton。故选D项。
7．推理判断题。根据首段中的“I’m very happy to receive your letter. I have always dreamed about having a pen-friend. Hopefully, we can learn from each other and grow to be good friends.(很高兴收到你的来信。我一直梦想有一个笔友。希望我们能互相学习，成为好朋友。)”可知，Megan梦想有个笔友，现在收到笔友Mary的来信，正向她介绍自己的情况，并希望通过书信了解彼此，由此可推断Mary与Megan之间是笔友关系。故选B项。
8．A 9．B 10．A 11．D
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了杨金龙致力于发扬和传播传统艺术形式——陕西快板。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段中“At 9 a. m., he drives to primary schools and middle schools in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, to teach students about Shaanxi kuaiban. It is a traditional Chinese form of storytelling to the rhythm of bamboo clapper, which the art form is named after. Sometimes, he helps students prepare for competitions. Usually, his classes run until about 6 p. m. and then he returns home to prepare classes for the next day.(早上9点，他开车到陕西省西安市的小学和中学，教学生们陕西快板。这是一种中国传统的讲故事的方式，伴随着竹板的节奏，这种艺术形式就是以竹板命名的。有时，他帮助学生准备比赛。通常，他的课要上到下午6点左右，然后他回家准备第二天的课)”的描述可知，杨金龙在陕西省西安市教中小学生陕西快板，每天早上9点出发，晚上6点放学回家，这是他每天的日程安排，所以是杨金龙的典型的一天。故选A项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“On June 10, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism announced 325 national intangible cultural heritage items in Beijing, increasing the list to1, 557 items. Shaanxi kuaiban, which appeared during the late Qing Dynasty, has been included. The form has been introduced to local schools as part of their art education.(6月10日，文化和旅游部在北京公布了325项国家非物质文化遗产，使名录增加到1557项。晚清时期出现的陕西快板也被列入其中。这种形式已经被引入当地学校，作为他们艺术教育的一部分)”可知，陕西快板被列为国家级非物质文化遗产，所以B项正确。故选B项。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Yang has been teaching young people the art form since 2003 after graduating from the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts in Beijing.(自2003年从北京的中国戏剧艺术学院毕业以来，杨一直在教授年轻人这种艺术形式)”可知，杨金龙自从大学毕业后，一直在教授年轻人这种艺术形式，所以他是全心全意地投入其中的。故选A项。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Thanks to artists like Yang, this traditional Chinese form of storytelling is passed on and stays alive in our country.(多亏了像杨这样的艺术家，这种中国传统的讲故事形式在我们国家得以传承和延续)”可知，作者报道杨金龙的故事是为了赞扬传播中国传统艺术的工作。故选D项。
12．C 13．A 14．B 15．D
【分析】本文主要讲了研究表明，生活在山区的人们患心脏病的几率更低。
12．细节理解题。由He and his colleagues guess that the increased exercise from walking up mountainous area gives the heart a good workout and enables it to deal with lower levels of oxygen.可知生活在高海拔地区的人们，死于心脏病的几率较低是因为他们经常爬山，选C。
13．词义猜测题。“The contrast was more evident among men than among women,”这句话的意思是男士比女士更明显，选A。
14．细节理解题。由Heart disease is one of the world’s top killers.可知人们更可能死于心脏病，选B。
15．推理判断题。由Smoking, high blood pressure, raised cholesterol (胆固醇) levels, being overweight and a family history of the illness increase the possibility of developing the disease.可推断出吸烟的人更容易患上心脏病，选D。
【名师点睛】细节理解题是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的题。但高考所占的比例大，应特别引起注意。事实和细节题的命题特点是：对文章或某一段落中的一些特定细节或文章重要事实的理解，一般包括直接理解题和语义转化题。直接理解题能在原文直接找到答案，而语义转化题则需要将题目信息与原文信息加工或整理后才能得出结论。
做细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：
1.略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨；
2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实；
3.将自己精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。如：小题1
由He and his colleagues guess that the increased exercise from walking up mountainous area gives the heart a good workout and enables it to deal with lower levels of oxygen.可知生活在高海拔地区的人们，死于心脏病的几率较低是因为他们经常爬山，选C。
16．A 17．F 18．B 19．C 20．G
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国食物浪费的原因及措施。
16．根据文章标题“Food waste in America(美国的食物浪费)”和第一句“Just how much food do Americans waste?(美国人到底浪费了多少食物？)”可知，本文讲的是美国的食物浪费，由下文得知，之后几段介绍的是原因及措施，所以这里为承上启下句。所以选择项A“Why do Americans waste so much of their food?(为什么美国人浪费这么多食物？)”符合上下文语境。故选A。
17．根据前文“More than 80 percent of Americans give up perfectly good food simply because they misunderstand expiration(到期)labels. Labels like "sell by”, "use by”, or "best by” are confusing to people. (超过80%的美国人放弃了完美的食物，仅仅是因为他们误解了过期标签。像“保质期”，“有效期”，或“最好在”这样的标签让人感到困惑)”可知，人们看不懂保质期的标签，为了避免吃过期食物而丢弃。所以选择项F“To avoid the potential of getting sick, they'll just send it to the garbage. (为了避免生病，他们只会把它扔进垃圾桶)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
18．根据后文“And this contributes to a general culture of not valuing it the way other cultures around the globe do. Americans have never gone through food shortage crisis in its short history, thus a large number of people take food for granted. (这导致了一种普遍的文化，不像世界上其他文化那样重视它。美国人在其短暂的历史中从未经历过粮食短缺危机，因此很多人认为粮食是理所当然的)”可知，本段主要介绍美国食物浪费的另外一个原因：美国的食物丰富又低花费。所以选择项B“Food in the United States is plentiful and less costly. (美国的食物丰富而且便宜)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
19．根据前文“To solve the problem of food waste in the United States, the government sets a goal to cut U.S. food waste by 50 percent by the year 2030. (为了解决美国的食物浪费问题，政府制定了到2030年将美国的食物浪费减少50%的目标)”和后文“In this way, the Americans will have a better understanding on the importance of reducing food loss and waste from an early age. (这样，美国人从很小的时候就会对减少食物损失和浪费的重要性有更好的理解)”可知，该目标应通过学校的帮助来解决美国的食物浪费问题。所以选择项C“The plan aims to get help from public and private schools. (该计划旨在获得公立和私立学校的帮助)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
20．根据后文“Waste can be avoided by improving product development, storage, shopping/ ordering, marketing, labeling, and cooking methods. (可以通过改进产品开发、存储、购物/订购、营销、标签和烹饪方法来避免浪费)”可知，最后一段说的是另一种措施：即从源头上减少食物浪费。所以选择项G“Still, the best way to cut back on food loss is to not create it in the first place. (尽管如此，减少食物损失的最好方法还是从一开始就不要造成食物损失)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
21．B 22．C 23．A 24．D 25．D 26．A 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．C 31．C 32．D 33．A 34．A 35．D
【分析】本文是记叙文，讲述了Curfman和他的狗Midnight发现了跌倒在雪地里的邻居老太太并救助了她的故事。
21．考查动词短语辨析。句意：Tim Curfman正带着他的狗Midnight去倒垃圾时，突然他觉得狗的行为有些反常。1. A. sending out邮寄，传达；B. taking out带出去，扔；C. picking out挑选；D. handing out派发，施舍。根据空后的宾语garbage（垃圾）可知，此处动词短语应选“扔，带出去”，故选B项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Tim Curfman正带着他的狗Midnight去倒垃圾时，突然他觉得狗的行为有些反常。A. sound声音；B. attention注意力；C. behavior行为；D. appearance外貌。根据后文“It had its ears held up looking at him.（它把耳朵竖起来看着他。）”和“how his dog was acting（他的狗是怎么做的）”可知，此处指狗的“行为”异常，故选C项。
23．考查副词词义辨析。句意：它通常不会这样做。A. normally 通常地，一般地；B. suddenly突然地；C. really实际上，真正地；D. daily日常地。根据上文的“unusual（不寻常的）”可知，此处指狗不经常那么做。故选A项。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Curfman感觉出了什么事。A. down不高兴的，情绪低落的；B. in在里面的；C. out在外面的；D. up（不好的事情）正在发生的。根据上文“它通常不这么做”可知，Curfman感觉到狗的不寻常反应一定是预示着有事情发生了。故选D项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，他观察他的狗的行为，并跟着它到他房子的另一边。A. trained训练；B. drove驾驶，驱使；C. walked走路，遛（狗）；D. followed跟着。根据最后一段“Noreen was _____ to Midnight for saving her life.”可知，是Midnight救了Noreen，所以应该是狗把Curfman带领到有异常的地方，即Curfman“跟随着”Midnight到了房子的另一边。故选D项。
26．考查现在分词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他看到87岁的邻居诺琳(Noreen)躺在雪地里。A. lying躺；B. moving移动；C. playing玩耍；D. standing站。根据第三段中的“She could not get up（她站不起来）”可知，此处Noreen是躺在雪地里的。故选A项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Curfman猜测她至少在外面呆了半个小时。A. guessed猜测；B. feared害怕，畏惧；C. argued争论；D. explained解释。根据倒数第二段中“Noreen, who didn't have serious injuries, was lucky to ____ frostbite (冻伤) even though her clothes were wet. Noreen没有严重的伤，尽管衣服都湿了但是她很幸运……冻伤”可知，Curfman根据Noreen的状态猜测她在外面呆的时间。故选A项。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她起不来，因为她没有足够的力气站起来，而且附近也没有什么东西可以让她抓住。A. time时间B. space空间；C. strength力气；D. courage勇气。根据Noreen的年龄（87yearold）和常识可判断，Noreen之所以躺在雪地里起不来是因为她太年老了，没有足够的力气让她站起来。故选C项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她起不来，因为她没有足够的力气站起来，而且附近也没有什么东西可以让她抓住。A. view视野，观点；B. hold抓住；C. taste味道，品味；D. command命令。根据上下文，这里在解释她待在雪地里没有站起来的原因，除了没有力气之外，应该是没有东西可以让她抓住并站起来。故选B项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时的温度是零下一度，但Curfman和Midnigh还是很快找到了她。A. save节省，解救；B. report报告，报道；C. find发现，找到；D. visit拜访，参观；根据第二段中“So he observed how his dog was acting and followed it to a spot on the other side of his house.( 因此，他观察他的狗的行为，并跟着它到他房子的另一边。”可知，此处指的是Curfman和Midnigh共同找到了她，而此时还没能把她从雪地里救出来，所以不能选A。故选C项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Noreen没有受重伤，虽然衣服是湿的，但她很幸运地避免了冻伤。A. face面对；B. fight与……斗争；C. avoid避免；D. suffer遭受。根据空前定语从句的内容“who didn't have serious injuries（没有受重伤）”和“lucky（幸运的）”可推断，Noreen避免了被冻伤。故选C项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Curfman叫来他的妻子，他们一起帮助他的邻居从雪中站起来，到她家，他的妻子帮助老人穿上干衣服。A. car汽车；B. garden花园；C. yard院子；D. home家。根据空后定语从句的内容“where his wife helped the elderly woman get into ____ clothes.（在那里他的妻子帮助这位老人换上了衣服）”可推测，他们把老人送回了家里，因为只有家里才会有其它的衣服。故选D项。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Curfman叫来他的妻子，他们一起帮助他的邻居从雪中站起来，到她家，他的妻子帮助老人穿上干衣服。A. dry干的；B. clean干净的；C. old旧的，老的；D. beautiful漂亮的。根据前文“even though her clothes were wet.（尽管她的衣服湿了）”可知，此处他们把老人送回家后首先应该帮老人换上干的衣服。故选A项。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Noreen很感激Midnight救了她一命。A. grateful感激的；B. close亲密的，靠近的；C. rude粗鲁的，无礼的；D. polite礼貌的。根据空后的“for saving her life（因为救了她的命）”可知，此处Noreen对Midnight的救命之恩非常感激。故选A项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：像这样的狗值得自豪，因为不是每只狗都会关注这样的事情。A. expects期望；B. intends打算；C. waits等待；D. deserves应得，应受。根据后文 “it's not every dog that pays attention to things like this（不是每只狗都会关注这样的事情）”可推断，Noreen认为Midnight做出了普通的狗所做不出的好事，所以应该指的为之自豪。故选D项。
36．tips 37．helpful 38．have been designed 39．the 40．excited 41．or 42．to trust 43．dealing 44．Finally 45．worried
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一些如何处理睡眠焦虑。
36．考查名词。句意：这里有一些关于如何处理睡眠焦虑的建议。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作主语，根据空前的several可知，此处应为名词复数。故填tips。
37．考查形容词。句意：最流行和最有用的方法是音乐。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作定语，help的形容词为helpful意为“有用的”。故填helpful。
38．考查谓语动词。句意：有很多音乐和歌曲是由医生和专家十年来设计的。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语“for ten years”以及句意可知，此处应为现在完成时态，且design与句子主语which指代的先行词music and songs之间为被动关系，且句子主语是名词复数。故填have been designed。
39．考查冠词。句意：虽然药物不是一些人的第一选择，其他人拒绝它，它可以是相当有益的。分析句子结构可知，空后为序数词，first前需要为定冠词。故填the。
40．考查形容词。句意：它帮助很多人保持睡眠，所以他们醒来时更加兴奋和充满活力。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作状语，说明句子主语的特征和属性，句子主语是人，所以应使用excited意为“兴奋的”。故填excited。
41．考查连词。句意：这样做五到六次会对你有很大帮助。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词连接数词，结合句意可知，此处表示选择关系。故填or。
42．考查非谓语动词。句意：另一个建议是学会如何相信自己。分析句子结构可知，此处为“疑问词+to do”结构，所以此处应使用不定式形式，结合句意可知，此处表示主动关系。故填to trust。
43．考查非谓语动词。句意：有时候，当你提高自己的精神力量时，你就会在处理焦虑方面取得最大的进展。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作宾语，介词in后应为动名词形式作宾语，且表示主动意义。故填dealing。
44．考查副词。句意：最后，对睡眠焦虑有很大帮助的是白天努力工作。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状语，final的副词为finally意为“最后”，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Finally。
45．考查形容词。句意：如果你努力工作，整天保持忙碌，你不会发现自己担心，你会更快入睡。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作宾语补足语，宾语yourself指的是人，所以此处应使用“+ed的形容词”形式worried意为“担忧的”符合句意。故填worried。
46．Dear Paul,
I’m Li Hua, the president of the Students’ Union. I’m writing to invite you to be a judge of the coming English speech competition.
To be held in the school hall on October 15, the competition focuses on the topic of “Human and nature”. It will start at 3: 00 pm and last for about three hours. Fifteen students from different classes will give speeches on the topic, each having at most 10 minutes. Hope you can accept my invitation and your presence counts a lot.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写封邮件邀请学校外教Paul来做学校举办的主题为“Human and nature”的英语演讲比赛的评委，内容包含发出邀请、比赛相关信息并表达期待。
【详解】1.词汇积累
比赛：competition →match
将要到来的：coming →approaching
不同的：different →various
重要：count →matter
2.句式拓展
并列句变复合句
原句：It will start at 3: 00 pm and last for about three hours.
拓展句：It will start at 3: 00 pm, which will last for about three hours.
【点睛】【高分句型1】To be held in the school hall on October 15, the competition focuses on the topic of “Human and nature”.（运用了不定式作状语）
【高分句型2】Fifteen students from different classes will give speeches on the topic, each having at most 10 minutes.（运用了独立主格结构）
47．Paragraph1：
At first, Kayla felt disappointed at her parents’plan for the holiday. How eagerly she wanted to go to out to play with her friends! She was against the annoying plan from the bottom of her heart, but she had no choice. First, Kayla was arranged to wash the breakfast dishes. After that, she was asked to give their puppy a bath. She knew it was a hard task, which needed a lot of tiring, careful and patient work. She has begun the work with great unwillingness.
Paragraph 2：
But things began to change as she was doing the chores. Brushing the puppy, she found it was a lot of fun with so many soap bubbles. Then it was on to yard work where Kayla helped to pick up sticks. She pretended the small sticks were basketballs, and shot them into a large trash can. So the work was done with great pleasure. Kayla felt proud to see how much better the yard looked. When she finished her meaningful chores, Kayla enjoyed relaxing in her tree house. The lemonade tasted wonderful after a hard day of work.
【分析】这是一篇读后续写作文。
【详解】通过阅读所给文章可知，文章主要记叙了本来以为劳动节放假可以休息的Kayla，早上被爸爸吵醒，告诉她为了庆祝劳动节，全家会打扫屋子内外。Kayla不明白，父亲告诉她这么做是为了让她明白劳动节的由来。
续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：一开始，Kayla对父母的假期计划感到失望。所以后文应该是讲述Kayla内心对这个计划的看法，她虽然反对，但是也别无选择。讲述了Kayla做家务的经过。第二段开头是：但随着她开始做家务，情况开始发生变化。本段应该写Kayla在做家务过程中的感受，她发现了做家务的乐趣，觉得做家务有意义。
最后还要注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右。
【点睛】本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。如：play with, be against, have no choice, pick up等高级词汇；How eagerly she wanted to go to out to play with her friends!运用了感叹句；When she finished her meaningful chores, Kayla enjoyed relaxing in her tree house.运用了时间状语从句等高级句式。
辽宁省鞍山市普通高中2022-2023学年高一下学期第二次月考英语（A卷）试题
学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________
一、阅读理解
I think a close friend is someone you get on well with，who helps you when you have problems, who gives you advice，and who always has time for you. I didn't use to have many close friends when I was at school because I was very shy，but now I have several. They are all women. I think it's difficult to have a close friend of the opposite sex（异性）.
---Marie
I think a close friend is someone who you've known for a long time，and who you still get on with. They have similar hobbies to you so you can do things together. I've got three close friends who I was at middle school with and we often go out together （without our parents of course）. We often go camping，play football，or walk outside in the open air．
---David
I'm not sure how to answer the question because I don't really have any close friends. I know a lot of people but mainly through work，and the social occasions（场合） when we meet are business dinners, things like that. I think if you come from a really close family，friends are a bit unnecessary. I like spending my free time with my family．
---Richard
For me close friends are the people you spend your free time with. I go out at weekends with a group of people，and they are all my close friends. They're also people who live near me. I don't think you can have close friends at a distance because you need to be able to see each other often. But I don't think you need to be doing the same things. I mean I'm at school but none of my friends are．
---Anna
1．Who doesn’t think women and men can be close friends?
A．Marie. B．David.
C．Richard. D．Anna.
2．What does Richard say about friends?
A．They need to have much in common.
B．They’re less important than family.
C．They must work in the same place.
D．They come from social occasions.
3．What do we know about Anna’s friends?
A．They are all women.
B．They all do the same things.
C．They do not live far away.
D．They are all college students.
Dear Mary,
I’m very happy to receive your letter. I have always dreamed about having a pen-friend. Hopefully, we can learn from each other and grow to be good friends. I think our letters will let us know each other and share parts(宠物)of our lives.
Your horse Shannon looks beautiful. I also want to live on a farm like you and learn to ride horses. It must be interesting to ride through the beautiful countryside. I have pictured myself in that situation so many times. Your sisters are also lovely. I am the only child in my family, and sometimes I feel very lonely.
Life in New York is so busy and it is difficult to find the time to get to know people. Even becoming close to my classmates is quite difficult. However, sometimes it can be the most fantastic(极好的)city in the world. At night it is so bright.
I love reading too! But I have never read any books by your favorite author Enid Blyton. I will have to go to the library in my neighborhood and find some. I also enjoy dancing and have dance class every Thursday and Saturday. My other favorite hobby(爱好)is skating(滑冰). In winter, I like to skate in Central Park.
I have to go now and do my homework. I really hope that I hear from you soon!
Yours Megan
4．Who is Shannon?
A．Mary’s dog. B．Megan’s dog.
C．Mary’s horse. D．Megan’s cat.
5．How often does Megan have dance classes?
A．Once a week. B．Twice a week.
C．Three times a week. D．Four times a week.
6．What do we know about Mary?
A．She has many friends. B．Her sister is good at skating.
C．She likes to live in New York. D．Her favorite writer is Enid Blyton.
7．What is the relationship between Mary and Megan?
A．Schoolmates. B．Penfriends.
C．wife and husband D．They are in the same club
This is a typical (典型的) day for Yang Jinlong.
At 9 a. m., he drives to primary schools and middle schools in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, to teach students about Shaanxi kuaiban. It is a traditional Chinese form of storytelling to the rhythm (节奏) of bamboo clapper (响板), which the art form is named after. Sometimes, he helps students prepare for competitions. Usually, his classes run until about 6 p. m. and then he returns home to prepare classes for the next day.
On June 10, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism announced 325 national intangible cultural heritage (非物质文化遗产) items in Beijing, increasing the list to1, 557 items. Shaanxi kuaiban, which appeared during the late Qing Dynasty, has been included. The form has been introduced to local schools as part of their art education.
Yang has been teaching young people the art form since 2003 after graduating from the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts in Beijing. He studied quyi there. Quyi is a general term for Chinese folk art forms, including storytelling crosstalk and clapper talk.
“Art education is important for students in China. Just as many students learn to play Western musical instruments like the piano and vioiin, there are many people learning traditional Chinese folk arts, including Shaanxi kuaiban, which I’ll work for my whole life,” he said.
Kuaiban is popular in northern China, including Beijing and Tianjin. According to Yang, Shaanxi kuaiban was influenced by the art of different areas. The art form can be played by a group of players or only one. With one or two pairs of kuaiban of different sizes in hand, the players speak in the local dialect (方言) while telling stories, which are usually about heroes. The player tells stories while playing kuaiban, and it’s easy for the watchers to remember the stories since all the lines rhyme.
Thanks to artists like Yang, this traditional Chinese form of storytelling is passed on and stays alive in our country.
8．Why is today a typical day for Yang Jinlong?
A．He is teaching students about kuaiban as usual.
B．His work starts at 9 and lasts 6 hours like every day.
C．He is preparing for a kuaiban competition today.
D．His life today is as busy and boring as every day.
9．Which of the following about Shaanxi kuaiban is TRUE?
A．It is named after the Shaanxi dialect.
B．It is listed in the national intangible cultural heritage.
C．It is more popular than the piano and violin in northern China.
D．It is played to tell stories usually about common people.
10．Which of the following best describes Yang Jinlong?
A．Devoted. B．Stressed. C．Generous. D．Curious.
11．Why does the writer report Yang Jinlong’s story?
A．To show how to play Shaanxi kuaiban in the local dialect.
B．To tell the difference between Chinese and Western arts.
C．To prove that kuaiban players are living a busy life.
D．To praise the work of spreading traditional Chinese art.
If you want to live longer and lower the risk of heart disease, a move to the mountains may help. Research by scientists in Greece shows that living in the mountains is good for the heart and longevity (长寿). People living at higher altitude have lower possibility of dying from heart disease than those closer to sea level, even if they have factors (因素) that could increase their risk. “Residence (居住) in mountainous areas seems to have a ‘protective effect’ from heart disease,” said Dr Nikos Baibas of the University of Athens. He and his colleagues guess that the increased exercise from walking up mountainous area gives the heart a good workout and enables it to deal with lower levels of oxygen.
Researchers studied the health records and death rates of 1,150 Greeks who lived in three villages near Athens over 15 years. One village was 1,000 meters above sea level and the other two were in low-lying areas. Although men and women living in the mountainous village had higher blood pressure rates and other risk factors than people in the other villages, they had a lower rate of death from heart disease and other causes after a fifteen year follow-up. “The contrast was more evident among men than among women,” Baibas added in a report in the Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health. Heart disease is one of the world’s top killers. Smoking, high blood pressure, raised cholesterol (胆固醇) levels, being overweight and a family history of the illness increase the possibility of developing the disease.
12．That people living at higher altitude have lower chance of dying from heart attack may because they
A．have good dieting style B．live more happily
C．often climb mountains D．know how to keep healthy
13．What does the underlined word “evident” in the last paragraph mean?
A．Clear. B．Good.
C．Hopeful. D．Lucky.
14．According to the text, people are more likely to die from .
A．smoking B．heart disease
C．high blood pressure D．being overweight
15．What can we infer from the text?
A．People often climbing mountians won’t be ill.
B．The research of the Greeks lasted about 10 years.
C．Four other illnesses reduce the chance of developing heart disease.
D．A person smoking often has a chance of developing heart disease.
二、七选五
Food waste in America
Just how much food do Americans waste? Here are some numbers: The United States is the global leader in food waste, with Americans throwing away nearly 40 million tons of food every year. That is equal to more than $161 billion. But the truth is that 37 million people across America — including 11 million children, are suffering from food shortage. 16
More than 80 percent of Americans give up perfectly good food simply because they misunderstand expiration (到期) labels. Labels like "sell by”, "use by”, or "best by” are confusing to people. 17 In reality, a majority of food thrown away is perfectly safe to eat - about 90 percent of tossed food can still be consumed, according to The Economics Review at New York University.
18 And this contributes to a general culture of not valuing it the way other cultures around the globe do. Americans have never gone through food shortage crisis in its short history, thus a large number of people take food for granted.
To solve the problem of food waste in the United States, the government sets a goal to cut U.S. food waste by 50 percent by the year 2030. 19 In this way, the Americans will have a better understanding on the importance of reducing food loss and waste from an early age.
20 Waste can be avoided by improving product development, storage, shopping/ ordering, marketing, labeling, and cooking methods. If excess food is unavoidable, recover it to donate to hunger-relief organizations so that they can feed people in need. Food that cannot be consumed by man can be recycled into other products such as animal feed and clothing.
A．Why do Americans waste so much of their food?
B．Food in the United States is plentiful and less costly.
C．The plan aims to get help from public and private schools.
D．The government has to play a major role in reducing food waste.
E．It is reported that 8 million people get sick from eating the wrong food.
F．To avoid the potential of getting sick, they'll just send it to the garbage.
G．Still, the best way to cut back on food loss is to not create it in the first place.
三、完形填空
An elderly woman is crediting (归功于) her neighbor's 4yearold dog with saving her life during last week's dangerously cold temperatures.
Tim Curfman was 21 his garbage with his dog Midnight when he felt its 22 was unusual. It had its ears held up looking at him. It didn't 23 do that. Curfman got the feeling that something's 24 . So he observed how his dog was acting and 25 it to a spot on the other side of his house. There, he saw his 87yearold neighbor, Noreen, 26 in the snow. She was trying to fill her bird feeder when she fell.
Curfman 27 she was out there at least half an hour. She could not get up because she didn't have enough 28 to push herself up, and there was nothing around the corner to get a 29 of, either. The temperature was one degree below zero, but Curfman and Midnight were able to 30 her quickly.
Noreen, who didn't have serious injuries, was lucky to 31 frostbite (冻伤) even though her clothes were wet. Curfman called his wife and they together helped his neighbor up from the snow and into her 32 ， where his wife helped the elderly woman get into 33 clothes.
Noreen was 34 to Midnight for saving her life. “A dog like this 35 to be proud of because it's not every dog that pays attention to things like this，” Noreen said in an interview.
21．A．sending out B．taking out C．picking out D．handing out
22．A．sound B．attention C．behavior D．appearance
23．A．normally B．suddenly C．really D．daily
24．A．down B．in C．out D．up
25．A．trained B．drove C．walked D．followed
26．A．lying B．moving C．playing D．standing
27．A．guessed B．feared C．argued D．explained
28．A．time B．space C．strength D．courage
29．A．view B．hold C．taste D．command
30．A．save B．report C．find D．visit
31．A．face B．fight C．avoid D．suffer
32．A．car B．garden C．yard D．home
33．A．dry B．clean C．old D．beautiful
34．A．grateful B．close C．rude D．polite
35．A．expects B．intends C．waits D．deserves
四、用单词的适当形式完成短文
阅读下面材料, 在空白处填入适当的内容(1个单词)或括号内单词的正确形式。
There are several 36 (tip) on how to deal with sleep anxiety. The most popular and 37 (help) method is music. There are lots of music and songs which 38 (design) by doctors and experts for ten years.
Secondly, sleeping pills have helped many people since they were made. Although medicine is not 39 first choice for some people, and others refuse it, it can be fairly beneficial. It helps a lot of people stay asleep, so they wake up more 40 (excite) and full of energy.
Relaxation techniques are also very useful. One of them is to slowly tighten every muscle in your body. Count to 20, and then just-relax. Doing this five 41 six times will help you a lot.
Another tip is to learn how 42 (trust) yourself. Sometimes the greatest progress in 43 (deal) with anxiety happens when you improve your mental strength.
44 (final), a big help for sleep anxiety is to work hard during the day. If you work hard and stay busy throughout the day, you will not find yourself 45 (worry) and you’ll fall asleep faster.
五、邀请信
46．假设你是学生会主席李华，你校将举办一次主题为“Human and nature”的英语演讲比赛，请你写封邮件邀请你校外教Paul来做评委，内容包括：
1. 发出邀请；
2. 比赛相关信息；
3. 期待参加。
注意: 1. 词数 80 左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。
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六、读后续写
47．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。续写的词数应为150左右。
Holidays are not necessarily for fun or rest. Doing something meaningful can also gain special pleasure. When the final bell rang, the students were reminded that there was no school on Monday—the Labor Day. “Enjoy your extra day off,”said the teacher to her class.
An extra day of fun suited Kayla just fine. She loved breaks. She wanted to go out to play with her friends. When the school bus dropped Kayla off, she ran into the house happily.
“How was school, Kayla?” asked her mom.
“It was great, Mom. I am excited about no school on Monday. ”
“You just started back to school two weeks ago. Already in need of a break, huh?” asked Kayla’s mom with a laugh.
Kayla slept in the next morning. Saturday was her favorite day of the week. It rained most of the day, so Kayla enjoyed playing video games inside. On Sunday, her friends came over and they played basketball for several hours.
Then it was Labor Day, you know, the extra day off that Kayla was so looking forward to. But Kayla was awakened early that morning by her dad. He told Kayla that in honor of Labor Day, the family would be cleaning both inside and outside the house. Kayla couldn’t believe it. This was a holiday. A day when she was supposed to be enjoying freshly squeezed lemonade while playing in her tree house. As Kayla wiped her eyes, she began to wonder if this was just a bad dream.
“Kayla, your breakfast is ready. We have a lot of work to do today. Let’s get a move on, ”said Kayla’s mom. As she sat down at the kitchen table, Kayla asked her parents,
“Are you serious about working today? Isn’t Labor Day a holiday?”
“Yes, Kayla. It is, ”replied her dad. “But your mom and I thought working hard today would make you appreciate why Labor Day was observed in the first place. ”
Paragraph1：
At first, Kayla felt disappointed at her parents’ plan for the holiday.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2：
But things began to change as she was doing the chores.
__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
参考答案：
1．A 2．B 3．C
【分析】本文是一篇人生感悟类短文阅读。文章主要通过四位不同人，分别阐述自己认为真正的友谊是什么。
1．细节理解题。根据文章第一段Marie的观点I think it's difficult to have a close friend of the opposite sex（异性）.可知，Marie认为异性成为亲密的朋友很难。故选A。
2．细节理解题。根据文章第三段Richard的观点I think if you come from a really close family, friends are a bit unnecessary. I like spending my free time with my family.可知，Richard认为朋友没有家人重要。故选B。
3．细节理解题。根据文章第四段Anna的观点They're also people who live near me. I don't think you can have close friends at a distance because you need to be able to see each other often.可知，Anna认为亲密的朋友必须住得很近。故选C。
【点睛】文章内容较为简单，主要考查细节题，对此类题型，考生可以首先从问题中找到关键词然后以此为线索，运用略读及查阅的技巧在文中迅速寻找这一细节找到后再把这一部分内容仔细阅读一遍，仔细比较所给选项与文中细节的细微区别。如小题1中题干中women and men与文中的opposite sex表达的同一个意思，这些都考生需要比较它们之间的细微区别。
4．C 5．B 6．D 7．B
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。主要讲述的是Megan写给笔友的Mary的一封信，在信里表达了自己的一些愿望，在纽约的生活以及爱好。
4．细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Your horse Shannon looks beautiful.(你的马Shannob看起来很漂亮。)”可知，Shannon是Mary的马。故选C项。
5．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“I also enjoy dancing and have dance class every Thursday and Saturday.(我也喜欢跳舞，每周四和周六都有舞蹈课)”可知，Megan每周四和周六去上舞蹈课，由此可知，她每周上两次舞蹈课。故选B项。
6．细节理解题。根据倒数第二段中的“I love reading too! But I have never read any books by your favorite author Enid Blyton.(我也喜欢阅读！但我从来没读过你最喜欢的作家伊妮德·布莱顿的书。)”可知，Megan没有读过Mary最爱的作家Enid Blyton写的任何书，由此可知，Mary最喜欢的作家是Enid Blyton。故选D项。
7．推理判断题。根据首段中的“I’m very happy to receive your letter. I have always dreamed about having a pen-friend. Hopefully, we can learn from each other and grow to be good friends.(很高兴收到你的来信。我一直梦想有一个笔友。希望我们能互相学习，成为好朋友。)”可知，Megan梦想有个笔友，现在收到笔友Mary的来信，正向她介绍自己的情况，并希望通过书信了解彼此，由此可推断Mary与Megan之间是笔友关系。故选B项。
8．A 9．B 10．A 11．D
【导语】本文是说明文。介绍了杨金龙致力于发扬和传播传统艺术形式——陕西快板。
8．推理判断题。根据第二段中“At 9 a. m., he drives to primary schools and middle schools in Xi’an, Shaanxi Province, to teach students about Shaanxi kuaiban. It is a traditional Chinese form of storytelling to the rhythm of bamboo clapper, which the art form is named after. Sometimes, he helps students prepare for competitions. Usually, his classes run until about 6 p. m. and then he returns home to prepare classes for the next day.(早上9点，他开车到陕西省西安市的小学和中学，教学生们陕西快板。这是一种中国传统的讲故事的方式，伴随着竹板的节奏，这种艺术形式就是以竹板命名的。有时，他帮助学生准备比赛。通常，他的课要上到下午6点左右，然后他回家准备第二天的课)”的描述可知，杨金龙在陕西省西安市教中小学生陕西快板，每天早上9点出发，晚上6点放学回家，这是他每天的日程安排，所以是杨金龙的典型的一天。故选A项。
9．细节理解题。根据第三段中“On June 10, the Ministry of Culture and Tourism announced 325 national intangible cultural heritage items in Beijing, increasing the list to1, 557 items. Shaanxi kuaiban, which appeared during the late Qing Dynasty, has been included. The form has been introduced to local schools as part of their art education.(6月10日，文化和旅游部在北京公布了325项国家非物质文化遗产，使名录增加到1557项。晚清时期出现的陕西快板也被列入其中。这种形式已经被引入当地学校，作为他们艺术教育的一部分)”可知，陕西快板被列为国家级非物质文化遗产，所以B项正确。故选B项。
10．推理判断题。根据第四段中“Yang has been teaching young people the art form since 2003 after graduating from the National Academy of Chinese Theatre Arts in Beijing.(自2003年从北京的中国戏剧艺术学院毕业以来，杨一直在教授年轻人这种艺术形式)”可知，杨金龙自从大学毕业后，一直在教授年轻人这种艺术形式，所以他是全心全意地投入其中的。故选A项。
11．推理判断题。根据最后一段中“Thanks to artists like Yang, this traditional Chinese form of storytelling is passed on and stays alive in our country.(多亏了像杨这样的艺术家，这种中国传统的讲故事形式在我们国家得以传承和延续)”可知，作者报道杨金龙的故事是为了赞扬传播中国传统艺术的工作。故选D项。
12．C 13．A 14．B 15．D
【分析】本文主要讲了研究表明，生活在山区的人们患心脏病的几率更低。
12．细节理解题。由He and his colleagues guess that the increased exercise from walking up mountainous area gives the heart a good workout and enables it to deal with lower levels of oxygen.可知生活在高海拔地区的人们，死于心脏病的几率较低是因为他们经常爬山，选C。
13．词义猜测题。“The contrast was more evident among men than among women,”这句话的意思是男士比女士更明显，选A。
14．细节理解题。由Heart disease is one of the world’s top killers.可知人们更可能死于心脏病，选B。
15．推理判断题。由Smoking, high blood pressure, raised cholesterol (胆固醇) levels, being overweight and a family history of the illness increase the possibility of developing the disease.可推断出吸烟的人更容易患上心脏病，选D。
【名师点睛】细节理解题是阅读理解题中最简单的一种，多数属中低难度的题。但高考所占的比例大，应特别引起注意。事实和细节题的命题特点是：对文章或某一段落中的一些特定细节或文章重要事实的理解，一般包括直接理解题和语义转化题。直接理解题能在原文直接找到答案，而语义转化题则需要将题目信息与原文信息加工或整理后才能得出结论。
做细节理解题具体方法与步骤如下：
1.略读材料，大概了解原文，掌握中心或主旨；
2.按文章的体裁，作者写作的组织模式及有关的信息词。如for example, first, second…等预测应该到何处寻找自己所需要的事实；
3.将自己精力放在寻找你所需要的细节上。快速通篇跳读，全文扫视，找到细节出处，待找到含细节句子时，放慢速度，仔细核对比较内容，直至找到答案。如：小题1
由He and his colleagues guess that the increased exercise from walking up mountainous area gives the heart a good workout and enables it to deal with lower levels of oxygen.可知生活在高海拔地区的人们，死于心脏病的几率较低是因为他们经常爬山，选C。
16．A 17．F 18．B 19．C 20．G
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国食物浪费的原因及措施。
16．根据文章标题“Food waste in America(美国的食物浪费)”和第一句“Just how much food do Americans waste?(美国人到底浪费了多少食物？)”可知，本文讲的是美国的食物浪费，由下文得知，之后几段介绍的是原因及措施，所以这里为承上启下句。所以选择项A“Why do Americans waste so much of their food?(为什么美国人浪费这么多食物？)”符合上下文语境。故选A。
17．根据前文“More than 80 percent of Americans give up perfectly good food simply because they misunderstand expiration(到期)labels. Labels like "sell by”, "use by”, or "best by” are confusing to people. (超过80%的美国人放弃了完美的食物，仅仅是因为他们误解了过期标签。像“保质期”，“有效期”，或“最好在”这样的标签让人感到困惑)”可知，人们看不懂保质期的标签，为了避免吃过期食物而丢弃。所以选择项F“To avoid the potential of getting sick, they'll just send it to the garbage. (为了避免生病，他们只会把它扔进垃圾桶)”符合上下文语境。故选F。
18．根据后文“And this contributes to a general culture of not valuing it the way other cultures around the globe do. Americans have never gone through food shortage crisis in its short history, thus a large number of people take food for granted. (这导致了一种普遍的文化，不像世界上其他文化那样重视它。美国人在其短暂的历史中从未经历过粮食短缺危机，因此很多人认为粮食是理所当然的)”可知，本段主要介绍美国食物浪费的另外一个原因：美国的食物丰富又低花费。所以选择项B“Food in the United States is plentiful and less costly. (美国的食物丰富而且便宜)”符合上下文语境。故选B。
19．根据前文“To solve the problem of food waste in the United States, the government sets a goal to cut U.S. food waste by 50 percent by the year 2030. (为了解决美国的食物浪费问题，政府制定了到2030年将美国的食物浪费减少50%的目标)”和后文“In this way, the Americans will have a better understanding on the importance of reducing food loss and waste from an early age. (这样，美国人从很小的时候就会对减少食物损失和浪费的重要性有更好的理解)”可知，该目标应通过学校的帮助来解决美国的食物浪费问题。所以选择项C“The plan aims to get help from public and private schools. (该计划旨在获得公立和私立学校的帮助)”符合上下文语境。故选C。
20．根据后文“Waste can be avoided by improving product development, storage, shopping/ ordering, marketing, labeling, and cooking methods. (可以通过改进产品开发、存储、购物/订购、营销、标签和烹饪方法来避免浪费)”可知，最后一段说的是另一种措施：即从源头上减少食物浪费。所以选择项G“Still, the best way to cut back on food loss is to not create it in the first place. (尽管如此，减少食物损失的最好方法还是从一开始就不要造成食物损失)”符合上下文语境。故选G。
21．B 22．C 23．A 24．D 25．D 26．A 27．A 28．C 29．B 30．C 31．C 32．D 33．A 34．A 35．D
【分析】本文是记叙文，讲述了Curfman和他的狗Midnight发现了跌倒在雪地里的邻居老太太并救助了她的故事。
21．考查动词短语辨析。句意：Tim Curfman正带着他的狗Midnight去倒垃圾时，突然他觉得狗的行为有些反常。1. A. sending out邮寄，传达；B. taking out带出去，扔；C. picking out挑选；D. handing out派发，施舍。根据空后的宾语garbage（垃圾）可知，此处动词短语应选“扔，带出去”，故选B项。
22．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Tim Curfman正带着他的狗Midnight去倒垃圾时，突然他觉得狗的行为有些反常。A. sound声音；B. attention注意力；C. behavior行为；D. appearance外貌。根据后文“It had its ears held up looking at him.（它把耳朵竖起来看着他。）”和“how his dog was acting（他的狗是怎么做的）”可知，此处指狗的“行为”异常，故选C项。
23．考查副词词义辨析。句意：它通常不会这样做。A. normally 通常地，一般地；B. suddenly突然地；C. really实际上，真正地；D. daily日常地。根据上文的“unusual（不寻常的）”可知，此处指狗不经常那么做。故选A项。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Curfman感觉出了什么事。A. down不高兴的，情绪低落的；B. in在里面的；C. out在外面的；D. up（不好的事情）正在发生的。根据上文“它通常不这么做”可知，Curfman感觉到狗的不寻常反应一定是预示着有事情发生了。故选D项。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：因此，他观察他的狗的行为，并跟着它到他房子的另一边。A. trained训练；B. drove驾驶，驱使；C. walked走路，遛（狗）；D. followed跟着。根据最后一段“Noreen was _____ to Midnight for saving her life.”可知，是Midnight救了Noreen，所以应该是狗把Curfman带领到有异常的地方，即Curfman“跟随着”Midnight到了房子的另一边。故选D项。
26．考查现在分词词义辨析。句意：在那里，他看到87岁的邻居诺琳(Noreen)躺在雪地里。A. lying躺；B. moving移动；C. playing玩耍；D. standing站。根据第三段中的“She could not get up（她站不起来）”可知，此处Noreen是躺在雪地里的。故选A项。
27．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Curfman猜测她至少在外面呆了半个小时。A. guessed猜测；B. feared害怕，畏惧；C. argued争论；D. explained解释。根据倒数第二段中“Noreen, who didn't have serious injuries, was lucky to ____ frostbite (冻伤) even though her clothes were wet. Noreen没有严重的伤，尽管衣服都湿了但是她很幸运……冻伤”可知，Curfman根据Noreen的状态猜测她在外面呆的时间。故选A项。
28．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她起不来，因为她没有足够的力气站起来，而且附近也没有什么东西可以让她抓住。A. time时间B. space空间；C. strength力气；D. courage勇气。根据Noreen的年龄（87yearold）和常识可判断，Noreen之所以躺在雪地里起不来是因为她太年老了，没有足够的力气让她站起来。故选C项。
29．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她起不来，因为她没有足够的力气站起来，而且附近也没有什么东西可以让她抓住。A. view视野，观点；B. hold抓住；C. taste味道，品味；D. command命令。根据上下文，这里在解释她待在雪地里没有站起来的原因，除了没有力气之外，应该是没有东西可以让她抓住并站起来。故选B项。
30．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当时的温度是零下一度，但Curfman和Midnigh还是很快找到了她。A. save节省，解救；B. report报告，报道；C. find发现，找到；D. visit拜访，参观；根据第二段中“So he observed how his dog was acting and followed it to a spot on the other side of his house.( 因此，他观察他的狗的行为，并跟着它到他房子的另一边。”可知，此处指的是Curfman和Midnigh共同找到了她，而此时还没能把她从雪地里救出来，所以不能选A。故选C项。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：Noreen没有受重伤，虽然衣服是湿的，但她很幸运地避免了冻伤。A. face面对；B. fight与……斗争；C. avoid避免；D. suffer遭受。根据空前定语从句的内容“who didn't have serious injuries（没有受重伤）”和“lucky（幸运的）”可推断，Noreen避免了被冻伤。故选C项。
32．考查名词词义辨析。句意：Curfman叫来他的妻子，他们一起帮助他的邻居从雪中站起来，到她家，他的妻子帮助老人穿上干衣服。A. car汽车；B. garden花园；C. yard院子；D. home家。根据空后定语从句的内容“where his wife helped the elderly woman get into ____ clothes.（在那里他的妻子帮助这位老人换上了衣服）”可推测，他们把老人送回了家里，因为只有家里才会有其它的衣服。故选D项。
33．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Curfman叫来他的妻子，他们一起帮助他的邻居从雪中站起来，到她家，他的妻子帮助老人穿上干衣服。A. dry干的；B. clean干净的；C. old旧的，老的；D. beautiful漂亮的。根据前文“even though her clothes were wet.（尽管她的衣服湿了）”可知，此处他们把老人送回家后首先应该帮老人换上干的衣服。故选A项。
34．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：Noreen很感激Midnight救了她一命。A. grateful感激的；B. close亲密的，靠近的；C. rude粗鲁的，无礼的；D. polite礼貌的。根据空后的“for saving her life（因为救了她的命）”可知，此处Noreen对Midnight的救命之恩非常感激。故选A项。
35．考查动词词义辨析。句意：像这样的狗值得自豪，因为不是每只狗都会关注这样的事情。A. expects期望；B. intends打算；C. waits等待；D. deserves应得，应受。根据后文 “it's not every dog that pays attention to things like this（不是每只狗都会关注这样的事情）”可推断，Noreen认为Midnight做出了普通的狗所做不出的好事，所以应该指的为之自豪。故选D项。
36．tips 37．helpful 38．have been designed 39．the 40．excited 41．or 42．to trust 43．dealing 44．Finally 45．worried
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。主要介绍的是一些如何处理睡眠焦虑。
36．考查名词。句意：这里有一些关于如何处理睡眠焦虑的建议。分析句子结构可知，此处为名词作主语，根据空前的several可知，此处应为名词复数。故填tips。
37．考查形容词。句意：最流行和最有用的方法是音乐。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作定语，help的形容词为helpful意为“有用的”。故填helpful。
38．考查谓语动词。句意：有很多音乐和歌曲是由医生和专家十年来设计的。分析句子结构可知，此处为谓语动词，根据时间状语“for ten years”以及句意可知，此处应为现在完成时态，且design与句子主语which指代的先行词music and songs之间为被动关系，且句子主语是名词复数。故填have been designed。
39．考查冠词。句意：虽然药物不是一些人的第一选择，其他人拒绝它，它可以是相当有益的。分析句子结构可知，空后为序数词，first前需要为定冠词。故填the。
40．考查形容词。句意：它帮助很多人保持睡眠，所以他们醒来时更加兴奋和充满活力。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作状语，说明句子主语的特征和属性，句子主语是人，所以应使用excited意为“兴奋的”。故填excited。
41．考查连词。句意：这样做五到六次会对你有很大帮助。分析句子结构可知，此处为连词连接数词，结合句意可知，此处表示选择关系。故填or。
42．考查非谓语动词。句意：另一个建议是学会如何相信自己。分析句子结构可知，此处为“疑问词+to do”结构，所以此处应使用不定式形式，结合句意可知，此处表示主动关系。故填to trust。
43．考查非谓语动词。句意：有时候，当你提高自己的精神力量时，你就会在处理焦虑方面取得最大的进展。分析句子结构可知，此处为非谓语动词作宾语，介词in后应为动名词形式作宾语，且表示主动意义。故填dealing。
44．考查副词。句意：最后，对睡眠焦虑有很大帮助的是白天努力工作。分析句子结构可知，此处为副词作状语，final的副词为finally意为“最后”，且位于句首，首字母需大写。故填Finally。
45．考查形容词。句意：如果你努力工作，整天保持忙碌，你不会发现自己担心，你会更快入睡。分析句子结构可知，此处为形容词作宾语补足语，宾语yourself指的是人，所以此处应使用“+ed的形容词”形式worried意为“担忧的”符合句意。故填worried。
46．Dear Paul,
I’m Li Hua, the president of the Students’ Union. I’m writing to invite you to be a judge of the coming English speech competition.
To be held in the school hall on October 15, the competition focuses on the topic of “Human and nature”. It will start at 3: 00 pm and last for about three hours. Fifteen students from different classes will give speeches on the topic, each having at most 10 minutes. Hope you can accept my invitation and your presence counts a lot.
Looking forward to your early reply.
Yours sincerely,
Li Hua
【导语】本篇书面表达属于应用文。要求考生写封邮件邀请学校外教Paul来做学校举办的主题为“Human and nature”的英语演讲比赛的评委，内容包含发出邀请、比赛相关信息并表达期待。
【详解】1.词汇积累
比赛：competition →match
将要到来的：coming →approaching
不同的：different →various
重要：count →matter
2.句式拓展
并列句变复合句
原句：It will start at 3: 00 pm and last for about three hours.
拓展句：It will start at 3: 00 pm, which will last for about three hours.
【点睛】【高分句型1】To be held in the school hall on October 15, the competition focuses on the topic of “Human and nature”.（运用了不定式作状语）
【高分句型2】Fifteen students from different classes will give speeches on the topic, each having at most 10 minutes.（运用了独立主格结构）
47．Paragraph1：
At first, Kayla felt disappointed at her parents’plan for the holiday. How eagerly she wanted to go to out to play with her friends! She was against the annoying plan from the bottom of her heart, but she had no choice. First, Kayla was arranged to wash the breakfast dishes. After that, she was asked to give their puppy a bath. She knew it was a hard task, which needed a lot of tiring, careful and patient work. She has begun the work with great unwillingness.
Paragraph 2：
But things began to change as she was doing the chores. Brushing the puppy, she found it was a lot of fun with so many soap bubbles. Then it was on to yard work where Kayla helped to pick up sticks. She pretended the small sticks were basketballs, and shot them into a large trash can. So the work was done with great pleasure. Kayla felt proud to see how much better the yard looked. When she finished her meaningful chores, Kayla enjoyed relaxing in her tree house. The lemonade tasted wonderful after a hard day of work.
【分析】这是一篇读后续写作文。
【详解】通过阅读所给文章可知，文章主要记叙了本来以为劳动节放假可以休息的Kayla，早上被爸爸吵醒，告诉她为了庆祝劳动节，全家会打扫屋子内外。Kayla不明白，父亲告诉她这么做是为了让她明白劳动节的由来。
续写部分分为两段，第一段开头是：一开始，Kayla对父母的假期计划感到失望。所以后文应该是讲述Kayla内心对这个计划的看法，她虽然反对，但是也别无选择。讲述了Kayla做家务的经过。第二段开头是：但随着她开始做家务，情况开始发生变化。本段应该写Kayla在做家务过程中的感受，她发现了做家务的乐趣，觉得做家务有意义。
最后还要注意所续写短文的词数应为150左右。
【点睛】本文描写详略得当，使用了高级词汇和高级句子。如：play with, be against, have no choice, pick up等高级词汇；How eagerly she wanted to go to out to play with her friends!运用了感叹句；When she finished her meaningful chores, Kayla enjoyed relaxing in her tree house.运用了时间状语从句等高级句式。
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