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精品解析：江苏省南通市海安市实验中学2022-2023学年高一下学期6月月考英语试题（解析版）
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这是一份精品解析：江苏省南通市海安市实验中学2022-2023学年高一下学期6月月考英语试题（解析版），共21页。试卷主要包含了5分，满分30分)等内容，欢迎下载使用。
海安市实验中学期末模拟考试
高一英语
(满分：150分，考试时间：120分钟)
第一部分听力(共20题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where is the ball?
A In the gym. B.In the house. C. In the garage.
2. How will the speakers go to the cinema?
A. On foot. B. By taxi. C. By subway.
3. Where is the pencil case now?
A. In the main office. B. In the classroom. C. In the restaurant.
4. What is the man doing?
A. Giving advice. B. Asking for help. C. Expressing his thanks.
5.Why can’t the man help?
A. He’s going skiing. B. He has an old injury. C. He isn’t strong enough.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6、7题。
6. Which sport does the girl play?
A. Football. B. Basketball. C. Baseball.
7.Where does the football team normally practice?
A. On the south field. B. On the east field. C. On the west field.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. How will the girl leave school?
A. By car. B. By bus. C. On foot.
9.Which topic did the girl already write about?
A. Pirates. B. World War I. C. Rome.
10.What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Friends. B. Classmates. C. Family members.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. Where did the woman go on a business trip?
A. To New York. B. To Chicago. C. To Boston.
12. What is the man?
A. An engineer. B. A gardener C. A businessman.
13. How long has the man lived here in Boston?
A. For 2 years. B. For 10 years. C. For 12 years.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What kind of books has the man been reading recently?
A. Comic books. B. Short stories. C. Travel guides.
15.How often does the woman go to the library?
A. Once a day. B. Once a week. C. Once a month.
16. How many books does the man usually read in a month?
A. Three. B. Six. C. Eight.
17. What subject is the woman most interested in?
A. Biology. B. Chemistry. C. Physics.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. Where will the listeners have the class from now on?
A. On the Internet. B. In the classroom. C. In the playground.
19.How long will the listeners have for each test?
A Three minutes. B. Twenty minutes. C. Thirty minutes.
20.Which section will the listeners ask questions in?
A. Discussion. B. Notes. C. Tests.
第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Tips for avoiding traffic jams
The radio has more than just music. Check the local news station for the latest traffic report. Or go online and check traffic cameras before you set out. If there is a jam, you’ll be prepared and can try another route.
Take the road less travelled. Although highways may be the most direct route, back (偏僻的) roads can be much less crowded, which can save you from the frustration of the stopandgo traffic.
Rush hour isn’t just a lovely nickname. It means the morning and afternoon traffic lasts for several hours, but they’re still called “rush hour” for a reason — everyone’s on the road and in a hurry to get somewhere. Treat rush hour like bad weather — if you don’t have to go anywhere, stay off the roads.
Tips for those unavoidable traffic jams
Don’t break the law. You’ve gone 30 feet in 30 minutes and all of a sudden you see people using the shoulders (紧急停车道). Don’t behave like them. Not only is this illegal, but also there’s a good chance they’ll get caught or cause even more problems.
Pay extra attention to zigzaggers (Z字形行进者). When some people are anxious, they may start changing lanes (车道) every 5 seconds or cut you off. Keep checking your windows and mirrors for these lane changers.
Look for an escape. If it is possible to exit the road safely, do it. Use a GPS unit, and you can change your route midtrip if needed.
Be courteous. Good manners could help you avoid a possible accident. Allow people in from a lane that is ending. Speeding up to keep them out increases your chances of an accident.
1. To avoid traffic jams, we are advised to do the following EXCEPT .
A. getting traffic news before leaving B. changing lanes frequently
C. avoiding rush hours D. choosing back roads
2. What should we do when there are zigzaggers?
A. Sound the horn loudly. B. Stop and let them go first.
C. Keep checking the mirrors. D. Drive quickly to keep them out.
3. In which part of a magazine can this passage be found?
A. Entertainment. B. Advertisement.
C. Market. D. Life.
【答案】1 B 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要针对交通拥堵和无法避免的交通拥堵各自提出了一些建议。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Check the local news station for the latest traffic report.(到当地新闻台查询最新的交通报道。)”；第二段中“Take the road less travelled.(选择车少的道路。)”以及第三段中“Treat rush hour like bad weather — if you don’t have to go anywhere, stay off the roads.(把高峰时间当作坏天气对待——如果你不需要去任何地方，就避免上路。)”可知，要避免交通堵塞，我们应该：出门前获取交通信息、选择车少的道路和避免交通高峰期出行，除了B选项“频繁变更车道”。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Pay extra attention to zigzaggers (Z字形行进者). When some people are anxious, they may start changing lanes (车道) every 5 seconds or cut you off. Keep checking your windows and mirrors for these lane changers.(要特别注意Z字形行进者。当一些人焦虑的时候，他们可能会开始每5秒就换车道，或者抢你的道。经常检查你的车窗和后视镜是否有这些变道者。)”可知，如果有Z字形行进者，我们应该持续检查后视镜。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据小标题“Tips for avoiding traffic jams(避免交通拥堵的建议)”和“Tips for those unavoidable traffic jams(关于无法避免的交通拥堵的建议)”可知，文章主要针对交通拥堵和无法避免的交通拥堵各自提出了一些建议，属于生活常识范畴，因此可以在杂志的“生活”部分找到。故选D。
B
It was a Sunday night. I circled the belghbbhood a few times, looking for a place to park my car. Finally, I found one to the south of my house. It was behind a late-model Jeep. I tried to back into the space, but I failed to see the angles clearly. I heard it before I felt it, the sound of plastic on plastic, like a sheet of sandpaper along the surface of a painted piece of wood. I got out of my car to check the damage. My car was unharmed. However, there were two distinct lines on the Jeep.
Then I noticed a woman, walking her dog, who was now photographing me with her phone. “Hope you’re no planning to drive away,” she said quietly. Until then, I was annoyed with myself for having been careless, but now I was mad with her for taking my picture. How dare she, I thought. She had no respect for my privacy. And how dare she assume I would do the wrong thing? But soon I calmed down because I knew she wasn’t entirely incorrect. I’d made no decision to drive away without leaving ante but I’d be lying if I said the idea hadn’t flashed across my mind. It was dark, and aside from her no one was watching. It happens all the time-the hit-and-run in the parking lot.
We all have those desires to behave selfishly, to go against the social contract; it is not the thought but what we do with it that counts. It is the commitment to take responsibility, to care for one another, and to think about the greater good that makes this world a better place to stay. The choice to own up was left to me. I left a note with my name and phone number under the wiper blade of the Jeep.
4. What happened to the author on that Sunday night?
A. He knocked down someone. B. He got hurt in a car accident
C. He hit a parked car accidentally. D. He failed to find a parking space.
5. Why did the author feel angry with the woman?
A. She blocked his view on purpose. B. She spoke to him in a very rude way
C. She photographed him without permission. D. She refused to take responsibility for her fault.
6. What does the underlined phrase “own up” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Admit. B. Occupy. C. Disappear. D. Refuse.
7. What does the author intend to tell us through his story?
A. Everyone makes mistakes. B. Always do the right thing.
C. Avoid conflicts with others. D. Apologizing sincerely matters.
【答案】4. C 5. C 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者有一次无意中碰到了另一辆车，作者并没有逃逸，而是给对方车主留下了自己的姓名和电话号码，作者想告诉读者要做正确的事情。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“I tried to back into the space, but I failed to see the angles clearly. I heard it before I felt it, the sound of plastic on plastic, like a sheet of sandpaper along the surface of a painted piece of wood.(我试图倒回到车位里，但我看不清角度。在我感觉到它之前，我听到了它的声音，塑料对塑料的声音，就像一张砂纸沿着一块油漆过的木头表面。)”可知，那个星期天的晚上，作者意外地撞上了一辆停着的车，故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“but now I was mad with her for taking my picture(但现在我对她拍我的照片很生气)”可知，作者对这个女人感到生气是因为她未经允许就给作者拍照。故选C。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“I left a note with my name and phone number under the wiper blade of the Jeep.(我在吉普车的雨刷下留下了一张写有我名字和电话号码的纸条。)”可知，作者承认了自己所做过的事情，划线短语own up的意思是“承认”，和admit意思相近，故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“We all have those desires to behave selfishly, to go against the social contract; it is not the thought but what we do with it that counts. It is the commitment to take responsibility, to care for one another, and to think about the greater good that makes this world a better place to stay.(我们都有自私、违背社会契约的欲望；重要的不是思想，而是我们如何利用思想。是承担责任的承诺，是相互关心的承诺，是为使这个世界成为一个更美好的地方而考虑更大的利益的承诺。)”可知，作者想通过他的故事告诉我们要永远做正确的事。故选B。
C
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
8. What is the book aimed at?
A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the use of a digital device.
9. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
10. What is presented in the final chapter of part one?
A. Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods.
C. Practical examples. D. Historical analyses.
11. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two?
A. Use them as needed. B. Recommend them to friends.
C. Evaluate their effects. D. Identify the ideas behind them.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. (这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章第四段“In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. (在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances. (你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式)”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选A。
D
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
12. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?
A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect.
C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment.
13. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________.
A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates
C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent
14. What did the follow-up study focus on?
A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members.
C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates.
15. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and come to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. (这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. (从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的)”和第三段的“The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. (这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确)”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? (在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗)”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. (尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. ____16____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____17____ Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this — it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. F 19. C 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。
【16题详解】
根据空前内容“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. (为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. (你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点)”中的“do this”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. (宽恕自己也同样重要)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths. ” (在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”)”以及空后内容“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. (你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. (现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。
【18题详解】
根据上文内容“At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. (在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. (不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。
【19题详解】
根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. (这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. (他们甚至可能想试一试做练习)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. (你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this — it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. (事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法)”中的“this”一致。故选C。
【20题详解】
根据空前内容“It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. (大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. (不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面)”符合语境，G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后内容“We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. (我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have ____21____ the course earlier than she did. Her ____22____ came because she was carrying a ____23____ across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her ____24____ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She ____25____ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with ____26____. She couldn’t. Bailey then ____27____ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____28____ attention.
Once there, Lenoue was ____29____ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme ____30____ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
As for Bailey, she is more ____31____ about why her act is considered a big ____32____. “She was just crying. I couldn’t ____33____ her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the ____34____, they’ve since become friends. Neither won the race, but the ____35____ of human kindness won the day.
21. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished
22. A. delay B. chance C. trouble D. excuse
23. A. judge B. volunteer C. classmate D. competitor
24. A. race B. school C. town D. training
25. A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised
26. A. courage B. aid C. patience D. advice
27. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down
28. A. medical B. public C. constant D. equal
29. A. interrupted B. assessed C. identified D. appreciated
30. A. hunger B. pain C. cold D. tiredness
31. A. worried B. ashamed C. confused D. discouraged
32. A. game B. problem C. lesson D. deal
33. A. leave B. cure C. bother D. understand
34. A. ride B. test C. meet D. show
35. A. secret B. display C. benefit D. exchange
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在明尼苏达州举行的一次越野赛中，Melanie Bailey背着另一个参赛者Danielle Lenoue过终点线并接受医疗检查的善行义举。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛。A. designed设计；B. followed跟随；C. changed改变；D. finished完成。根据下一段的“carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____8____ attention”可知，Bailey在比赛中背一名参赛者，所以完成比赛晚了，因此句子表示“Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛”。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。A. delay延误；B. chance机会；C. trouble麻烦；D. excuse借口。根据上文“Melanie Bailey should have ____1____ the course earlier than she did”和上一题的解析可知，Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛，她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。A. judge裁判；B. volunteer志愿者；C. classmate同学；D. competitor参赛者。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，她是背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。故选D。
24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：据当地一家报纸报道，当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候，她前面的一名选手开始痛苦地哭泣。A. race比赛；B. school学校；C. town城镇；D. training训练。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，此处是说“当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候”。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。A. agreed同意；B. returned回来；C. stopped停止；D. promised答应。根据下文“to help her fellow runner”可知，她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Bailey扶着她的胳膊，看看她能否帮助下向前走。A. courage勇气；B. aid帮助；C. patience耐心；D. advice建议。根据上文“Bailey took her arm”可知，此处表示看她是否能在她的帮助下向前走。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A. went away离开； B. stood up站起来；C. stepped aside让路；D. bent down弯腰。根据下文“let Lenoue climb onto her back”可知，Bailey弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A. medical医疗的；B. public公众的；C. constant持续不断的；D. equal平等的。根据上文“began crying in pain”可知，Danielle Lenoue很疼，所以是要接受治疗，medical attention意为“医疗救助”。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lenoue在那里接受了检查，后来被送往医院，在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受了重伤。A. interrupted打断；B. assessed评估；C. identified识别；D. appreciated感激。根据下文“later taken to a hospital”可知，她是先接受了检查，再被送往医院，也就是先接受评估。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站。A. hunger饥饿；B. pain疼痛；C. cold感冒；D. tiredness疲劳。根据第5空前的“began crying in pain”可知，此处表示“如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站”。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A. worried担心的；B. ashamed惭愧的；C. confused困惑的；D. discouraged泄气的。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A. game游戏；B. problem问题；C. lesson课；D. deal交易，局面。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑，a big deal意为“非常重要的事”。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不能离开她。A. leave离开；B. cure治愈；C. bother打扰；D. understand理解。根据上文“She was just crying”以及Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺。可知，Bailey看见Lenoue哭喊，所以觉得不能离开她。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人，但后来她们成了朋友。A. ride短途旅程；B. test测试；C. meet体育比赛；D. show展示。根据第一段“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”及空前的“the two young women were strangers before”可知，当时是一场比赛，句子表示“这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人”。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：两人都没有赢得比赛，但展示出的人类善良赢得了胜利。A. secret秘密；B. display展示；C. benefit利益；D. exchange交换。根据第二段的“let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____8____ attention”可知，Bailey背着一个参赛者过终点，并背她去接受检查，这展示了人类的善良。故选B。
第二节课文填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
36. Yet there is one major danger to these ______(replace) plants and animals: us. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】irreplaceable
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些不可替代的动植物面临着一个主要的危险：我们。 根据句意和所给动词replace以及空格后的plants and animals分析句子可知，空格处应该填入形容词irreplaceable作定语，修饰后面的plants and animals，表示“不可替代的”。故填irreplaceable。
37. The ______shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】moment
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：摇晃停止的那一刻，布朗小姐感觉到这是全班同学逃生的最佳时机。分析句子可知，逗号前的部分在句中作状语。根据句意，此处应填入名词moment，the moment引导时间状语从句意为“一……就……”。故填moment。
38. Each hurried blindly and________ (fear) on. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】fearfully
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：每个人都盲目而恐惧地匆匆前行。修饰动词hurried用副词作状语，故填fearfully。
39. By the time he was a teenager, he ______(enjoy) a reputation as a wonderful musician. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】had enjoyed
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：在他十几岁的时候，他已经享有杰出音乐家的美誉。by the time意为“到……为止”，如果从句中的谓语动词是一般过去时，那么主句中的谓语动词通常用过去完成时，表示“截止到从句动作发生时，主句动作已经完成，即过去的过去”。故此处应用过去完成时。故填had enjoyed。
40. However, while the Internet brings many valuable advantages, ______(connect) has its problems. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】being connected
【解析】
【详解】考查动名词。句意：然而，尽管互联网带来了许多宝贵的优势，但连接也有其问题。互联网是被连接的，该空connect用动名词的被动式作主语，动名词表抽象的、一般性行为。故填being connected。
41. Tu’s education was soon ______(prove) very useful. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to prove
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：屠呦呦的教育很快被证明是非常有用的。根据“was”和“soon”可知，此处应用be to do sth.表示即将发生的行为，空处应用to prove。故填to prove。
42. The simple tunes and beautiful natural images are often very ______(suggest) of countryside surroundings. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】suggestive
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：简单的曲调和美丽的自然画面往往很容易让人联想到乡村环境。空格处用形容词作表语，suggest的形容词是suggestive，意为“引起联想的”，故填suggestive。
43. When I saw it up close, I ________ (strike) by the small areas of light across the paintings, and the way the soft edges of the figures seemed to mix together. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】was struck
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：当我近距离观察它时，我被画上的小区域的光线所震撼，以及人物柔软的边缘似乎混合在一起的方式。分析句子结构可知，本句是when引导的时间状语从句，主句中缺少谓语动词，所以strike应该做谓语，根据后文and后的并列句用的是一般过去时可知，此处也用一般过去时，根据空后的by表“被”之意可知，和主语I之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态。故填was struck。
44. Thanks to all this fine detail, the Qingming Scroll provides a ______(comprehend) look at life during the Northern Song Dynasty. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】comprehensive
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：多亏了这些精细的细节，《清明上河图》全面展现了北宋时期的生活。根据空后的look，这里应用形容词。comprehensive意为“全部的，全面的”，在句中作定语。故填comprehensive。
45. In this article, we will talk about a particular type of comfort food whose power mainly lies in the ______(associate) it calls to mind. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】associations
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在这篇文章中，我们将讨论一种特殊的安慰食物，它的力量主要在于它能唤起人们的联想。空格处用名词作宾语，associate的名词是association，意为“联想”，此处表示不止一个，因此空格处用复数，故填associations。
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学，他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件，内容包括：1.表示欢迎；2.建议他上哪所大学及做哪些准备工作。注意：词数80左右。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m so glad to hear your future education plan in Beijng in your last letter.
First, I would like to express my warmest welcome to you and I am sure you will have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.
Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you apply for Peking University, one of the best universities in China. Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in profound Chinese history and rich culture. As for preparation, some reading in advance is needed like The Story of the Stone and some online courses of spoken Chinese can be helpful for you to adapt to the Chinese language environment.
I sincerely hope your dream will come true and it’s my pleasure to show you around in Beijing when that day comes. If you have further questions, please feel free to let me know.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于建议信，要求考生给英国朋友Jim写封信，建议他上北京的哪所大学及做哪些准备工作，并表示欢迎。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
高兴的：glad→delighted
肯定的：sure→certain
建议：suggest→advise
有用的：helpful→useful
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m so glad to hear your future education plan in Beijng in your last letter.
拓展句：I’m so glad to hear that you plan to get future education in Beijng in your last letter.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in profound Chinese history and rich culture.（运用了where引导的限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]I sincerely hope your dream will come true and it’s my pleasure to show you around in Beijing when that day comes.（运用了省略连词that的宾语从句和when引导的时间状语从句）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Last March, Margarito drove to visit his mother who lived in the countryside. When he set off for home, Margarito’s mother looked at the dark sky and noticed the sign of a coming storm. Worried about her son’s safety, she told him to drive as carefully as possible on his way home and he promised to give her a call upon his arrival.
With his mother’s words in mind, Margarito approached the main road carefully. Soon, it started to rain heavily. Eager to get home, Margarito began to drive faster. Two hours later, he came to a bumpy mountain road that had been flooded by a creek (小溪). Margarito, driving a four-wheel drive truck, figured that he would be OK. At that moment, he didn’t realize that such a thought would be a big mistake.
It was halfway across the creek that an unfortunate incident took place: The rushing waters grabbed hold of his vehicle, pushing it off the road and sending it down a rocky creek bed. The truck finally stopped some 80 feet away. Margarito’s problems only grew from there as the water had somehow positioned the truck into the creek bank at a 45-degree angle, making it difficult for him to open the driver’s side door. Injured and trapped inside with the muddy water rising quickly, Margarito was certain he was going to die. Shaking with fear, he was at a loss about what to do.
On the road right behind Margarito were a delivery worker named Steve and his nephew Mike, who were on the way to deliver furniture to customers in the countryside. They witnessed the horrible incident, and when Margarito’s truck came to rest in the middle of the overflowing creek, Steve quickly began to take action. First, he grabbed a rope from the back of his vehicle and used it to ensure he could safely approach the truck.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Next, he turned to Mike and yelled, “Give me a rock!”
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Margarito was about to thank Steve and Mike when the mobile phone in his jacket pocket rang.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Next, he turned to Mike and yelled, “Give me a rock!” With the rock, he hit the window over and over but had little success. Steve then shouted to Margarito to move away from the window. He balanced himself on the truck, leaned back and threw the rock at the window. Finally, the glass broke and Steve kicked in the remaining pieces of glass. Relieved, Margarito reached out for Steve’s hand and was rescued. The two men escaped and returned to safety.
Margarito was about to thank Steve and Mike when the mobile phone in his jacket pocket rang. With trembling hands, Margarito took out the phone and pressed it to his ear. His mother’s anxious voice came over the phone, “Are you home yet? Everything’s good?” Tears welled up in his eyes at the familiar sound of concern. Margarito choked up as he explained the accident to his mom and comforted her. Hanging up the phone, he turned to Steve and Mike and sincerely thanked both of them. Cold as the rain was, great warmth filled his heart like never before.
【解析】
【导语】本文以玛格丽托开车去看望住在乡下的母亲为线索展开，讲述了去年3月，玛格丽托去看望住在乡下的母亲，返程途中遭遇到了暴风雨，他的车被卡在山路上的一条小溪中间，他受伤了并被困在里面，这时，送货员史蒂夫和他的侄子迈克目睹了这可怕的一幕，他们把玛格丽托从车里救了出来。玛格丽托对两位营救他的恩人非常感激。
【详解】1.段落续写
①由第一段首句内容“接着，他转向迈克喊道：“给我一块石头！”。”可知，第一段可描写送货员史蒂夫看到玛格丽托被困在车里，立刻想到了必须马上用石头砸破车窗户，把玛格丽托营救出来，详细叙述他营救玛格丽托的过程。
②由第二段首句内容“玛格丽托正要感谢史蒂夫和迈克，这时他夹克口袋里的手机响了。”可知，第二段可描写玛格丽托被救后接到了他母亲的电话，电话中他向母亲讲述了刚才自己经历的惊险一幕，挂断电话后，玛格丽托向史蒂夫和迈克表达的真诚的感谢之情。
2.续写线索：史蒂夫砸车窗——玛格丽托获救——玛格丽托接到母亲电话——玛格丽托表达感谢
3.词汇激活
行为类
①喊叫：shout / yell out
②营救，得救：rescue /save
③解释：explain /interpret/illustrate
情绪类
①焦急的：anxious / worried
②真诚地：sincerely /honestly
【点睛】【高分句型1】
Margarito choked up as he explained the accident to his mom and comforted her.(运用了as引导的时间状语从句)
【高分句型2】
Cold as the rain was, great warmth filled his heart like never before. (运用了形容词+as +主语+系动词倒装句型)
海安市实验中学期末模拟考试
高一英语
(满分：150分，考试时间：120分钟)
第一部分听力(共20题;每小题1.5分，满分30分)
做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。
第一节(共5小题;每小题1.5分，满分7.5分)
听下面5段对话。每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听完每段对话后，你都有10秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。每段对话仅读一遍。
1. Where is the ball?
A In the gym. B.In the house. C. In the garage.
2. How will the speakers go to the cinema?
A. On foot. B. By taxi. C. By subway.
3. Where is the pencil case now?
A. In the main office. B. In the classroom. C. In the restaurant.
4. What is the man doing?
A. Giving advice. B. Asking for help. C. Expressing his thanks.
5.Why can’t the man help?
A. He’s going skiing. B. He has an old injury. C. He isn’t strong enough.
第二节(共15小题;每小题1.5分，满分22.5分)
听下面5段对话或独白。每段对话或独白后有几个小题，从题中所给的A、B、C三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题5秒钟;听完后，各小题将给出5秒钟的作答时间。每段对话或独白读两遍。
听下面一段对话，回答第6、7题。
6. Which sport does the girl play?
A. Football. B. Basketball. C. Baseball.
7.Where does the football team normally practice?
A. On the south field. B. On the east field. C. On the west field.
听第7段材料，回答第8至10题。
8. How will the girl leave school?
A. By car. B. By bus. C. On foot.
9.Which topic did the girl already write about?
A. Pirates. B. World War I. C. Rome.
10.What is the relationship between the speakers?
A. Friends. B. Classmates. C. Family members.
听第8段材料，回答第11至13题。
11. Where did the woman go on a business trip?
A. To New York. B. To Chicago. C. To Boston.
12. What is the man?
A. An engineer. B. A gardener C. A businessman.
13. How long has the man lived here in Boston?
A. For 2 years. B. For 10 years. C. For 12 years.
听第9段材料，回答第14至17题。
14. What kind of books has the man been reading recently?
A. Comic books. B. Short stories. C. Travel guides.
15.How often does the woman go to the library?
A. Once a day. B. Once a week. C. Once a month.
16. How many books does the man usually read in a month?
A. Three. B. Six. C. Eight.
17. What subject is the woman most interested in?
A. Biology. B. Chemistry. C. Physics.
听第10段材料，回答第18至20题。
18. Where will the listeners have the class from now on?
A. On the Internet. B. In the classroom. C. In the playground.
19.How long will the listeners have for each test?
A Three minutes. B. Twenty minutes. C. Thirty minutes.
20.Which section will the listeners ask questions in?
A. Discussion. B. Notes. C. Tests.
第二部分阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
Tips for avoiding traffic jams
The radio has more than just music. Check the local news station for the latest traffic report. Or go online and check traffic cameras before you set out. If there is a jam, you’ll be prepared and can try another route.
Take the road less travelled. Although highways may be the most direct route, back (偏僻的) roads can be much less crowded, which can save you from the frustration of the stopandgo traffic.
Rush hour isn’t just a lovely nickname. It means the morning and afternoon traffic lasts for several hours, but they’re still called “rush hour” for a reason — everyone’s on the road and in a hurry to get somewhere. Treat rush hour like bad weather — if you don’t have to go anywhere, stay off the roads.
Tips for those unavoidable traffic jams
Don’t break the law. You’ve gone 30 feet in 30 minutes and all of a sudden you see people using the shoulders (紧急停车道). Don’t behave like them. Not only is this illegal, but also there’s a good chance they’ll get caught or cause even more problems.
Pay extra attention to zigzaggers (Z字形行进者). When some people are anxious, they may start changing lanes (车道) every 5 seconds or cut you off. Keep checking your windows and mirrors for these lane changers.
Look for an escape. If it is possible to exit the road safely, do it. Use a GPS unit, and you can change your route midtrip if needed.
Be courteous. Good manners could help you avoid a possible accident. Allow people in from a lane that is ending. Speeding up to keep them out increases your chances of an accident.
1. To avoid traffic jams, we are advised to do the following EXCEPT .
A. getting traffic news before leaving B. changing lanes frequently
C. avoiding rush hours D. choosing back roads
2. What should we do when there are zigzaggers?
A. Sound the horn loudly. B. Stop and let them go first.
C. Keep checking the mirrors. D. Drive quickly to keep them out.
3. In which part of a magazine can this passage be found?
A. Entertainment. B. Advertisement.
C. Market. D. Life.
【答案】1 B 2. C 3. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要针对交通拥堵和无法避免的交通拥堵各自提出了一些建议。
【1题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段中“Check the local news station for the latest traffic report.(到当地新闻台查询最新的交通报道。)”；第二段中“Take the road less travelled.(选择车少的道路。)”以及第三段中“Treat rush hour like bad weather — if you don’t have to go anywhere, stay off the roads.(把高峰时间当作坏天气对待——如果你不需要去任何地方，就避免上路。)”可知，要避免交通堵塞，我们应该：出门前获取交通信息、选择车少的道路和避免交通高峰期出行，除了B选项“频繁变更车道”。故选B。
【2题详解】
细节理解题。根据倒数第三段“Pay extra attention to zigzaggers (Z字形行进者). When some people are anxious, they may start changing lanes (车道) every 5 seconds or cut you off. Keep checking your windows and mirrors for these lane changers.(要特别注意Z字形行进者。当一些人焦虑的时候，他们可能会开始每5秒就换车道，或者抢你的道。经常检查你的车窗和后视镜是否有这些变道者。)”可知，如果有Z字形行进者，我们应该持续检查后视镜。故选C。
【3题详解】
推理判断题。根据小标题“Tips for avoiding traffic jams(避免交通拥堵的建议)”和“Tips for those unavoidable traffic jams(关于无法避免的交通拥堵的建议)”可知，文章主要针对交通拥堵和无法避免的交通拥堵各自提出了一些建议，属于生活常识范畴，因此可以在杂志的“生活”部分找到。故选D。
B
It was a Sunday night. I circled the belghbbhood a few times, looking for a place to park my car. Finally, I found one to the south of my house. It was behind a late-model Jeep. I tried to back into the space, but I failed to see the angles clearly. I heard it before I felt it, the sound of plastic on plastic, like a sheet of sandpaper along the surface of a painted piece of wood. I got out of my car to check the damage. My car was unharmed. However, there were two distinct lines on the Jeep.
Then I noticed a woman, walking her dog, who was now photographing me with her phone. “Hope you’re no planning to drive away,” she said quietly. Until then, I was annoyed with myself for having been careless, but now I was mad with her for taking my picture. How dare she, I thought. She had no respect for my privacy. And how dare she assume I would do the wrong thing? But soon I calmed down because I knew she wasn’t entirely incorrect. I’d made no decision to drive away without leaving ante but I’d be lying if I said the idea hadn’t flashed across my mind. It was dark, and aside from her no one was watching. It happens all the time-the hit-and-run in the parking lot.
We all have those desires to behave selfishly, to go against the social contract; it is not the thought but what we do with it that counts. It is the commitment to take responsibility, to care for one another, and to think about the greater good that makes this world a better place to stay. The choice to own up was left to me. I left a note with my name and phone number under the wiper blade of the Jeep.
4. What happened to the author on that Sunday night?
A. He knocked down someone. B. He got hurt in a car accident
C. He hit a parked car accidentally. D. He failed to find a parking space.
5. Why did the author feel angry with the woman?
A. She blocked his view on purpose. B. She spoke to him in a very rude way
C. She photographed him without permission. D. She refused to take responsibility for her fault.
6. What does the underlined phrase “own up” in the last paragraph mean?
A. Admit. B. Occupy. C. Disappear. D. Refuse.
7. What does the author intend to tell us through his story?
A. Everyone makes mistakes. B. Always do the right thing.
C. Avoid conflicts with others. D. Apologizing sincerely matters.
【答案】4. C 5. C 6. A 7. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文，主要讲的是作者有一次无意中碰到了另一辆车，作者并没有逃逸，而是给对方车主留下了自己的姓名和电话号码，作者想告诉读者要做正确的事情。
【4题详解】
细节理解题。根据第一段的“I tried to back into the space, but I failed to see the angles clearly. I heard it before I felt it, the sound of plastic on plastic, like a sheet of sandpaper along the surface of a painted piece of wood.(我试图倒回到车位里，但我看不清角度。在我感觉到它之前，我听到了它的声音，塑料对塑料的声音，就像一张砂纸沿着一块油漆过的木头表面。)”可知，那个星期天的晚上，作者意外地撞上了一辆停着的车，故选C。
【5题详解】
推理判断题。根据第二段的“but now I was mad with her for taking my picture(但现在我对她拍我的照片很生气)”可知，作者对这个女人感到生气是因为她未经允许就给作者拍照。故选C。
【6题详解】
词句猜测题。根据最后一段的“I left a note with my name and phone number under the wiper blade of the Jeep.(我在吉普车的雨刷下留下了一张写有我名字和电话号码的纸条。)”可知，作者承认了自己所做过的事情，划线短语own up的意思是“承认”，和admit意思相近，故选A。
【7题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段的“We all have those desires to behave selfishly, to go against the social contract; it is not the thought but what we do with it that counts. It is the commitment to take responsibility, to care for one another, and to think about the greater good that makes this world a better place to stay.(我们都有自私、违背社会契约的欲望；重要的不是思想，而是我们如何利用思想。是承担责任的承诺，是相互关心的承诺，是为使这个世界成为一个更美好的地方而考虑更大的利益的承诺。)”可知，作者想通过他的故事告诉我们要永远做正确的事。故选B。
C
The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you.
To do so, I divided the book into two parts. In part one, I describe the philosophical foundations of digital minimalism, starting with an examination of the forces that are making so many people’s digital lives increasingly intolerable, before moving on to a detailed discussion of the digital minimalism philosophy.
Part one concludes by introducing my suggested method for adopting this philosophy: the digital declutter. This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value.
In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. You’ll hear these participants’ stories and learn what strategies worked well for them, and what traps they encountered that you should avoid.
The second part of this book takes a closer look at some ideas that will help you cultivate (培养) a sustainable digital minimalism lifestyle. In these chapters, I examine issues such as the importance of solitude (独处) and the necessity of cultivating high-quality leisure to replace the time most now spend on mindless device use. Each chapter concludes with a collection of practices, which are designed to help you act on the big ideas of the chapter. You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that works for your particular circumstances.
8. What is the book aimed at?
A. Teaching critical thinking skills. B. Advocating a simple digital lifestyle.
C. Solving philosophical problems. D. Promoting the use of a digital device.
9. What does the underlined word “declutter” in paragraph 3 mean?
A. Clear-up. B. Add-on. C. Check-in. D. Take-over.
10. What is presented in the final chapter of part one?
A. Theoretical models. B. Statistical methods.
C. Practical examples. D. Historical analyses.
11. What does the author suggest readers do with the practices offered in part two?
A. Use them as needed. B. Recommend them to friends.
C. Evaluate their effects. D. Identify the ideas behind them.
【答案】8. B 9. A 10. C 11. A
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了数字极简主义生活方式的优点，倡导简单的数字生活方式。
【8题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段“The goal of this book is to make the case for digital minimalism, including a detailed exploration of what it asks and why it works, and then to teach you how to adopt this philosophy if you decide it’s right for you. (这本书的目标是为数字极简主义辩护，包括详细探索它的要求和为什么有效，然后如果你认为它适合你，教你如何采用这种哲学)”可知，这本书的目的是倡导简单的数字生活方式。故选B。
【9题详解】
词句猜测题。根据画线词下文“This process requires you to step away from optional online activities for thirty days. At the end of the thirty days, you will then add back a small number of carefully chosen online activities that you believe will provide massive benefits to the things you value. (这个过程要求你在30天内远离可选的在线活动。在30天结束的时候，你再加上一些你认为会给你所看重的东西带来巨大好处的精心挑选的在线活动)”可推知，画线词“declutter”的意思是“清理”，对在线活动进行清理和挑选。故选A。
【10题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章第四段“In the final chapter of part one, I’ll guide you through carrying out your own digital declutter. In doing so, I’ll draw on an experiment I ran in 2018 in which over 1,600 people agreed to perform a digital declutter. (在第一部分的最后一章中，我将指导您进行自己的数字清理。在这样做的过程中，我将借鉴我在2018年进行的一项实验，在该实验中，1600多人同意进行数字清理)”可推知，第一部分的最后一章介绍了实验与数字清理的实际例子。故选C。
【11题详解】
推理判断题。通过文章最后一段“You can view these practices as a toolbox meant to aid your efforts to build a minimalist lifestyle that words for your particular circumstances. (你可以将这些实践视为一个工具箱，旨在帮助你建立一种适合自己特定情况的极简主义生活方式)”可推知，作者建议读者根据需要与实际情况使用第二部分中提及的实践。故选A。
D
On March 7, 1907, the English statistician Francis Galton published a paper which illustrated what has come to be known as the “wisdom of crowds” effect. The experiment of estimation he conducted showed that in some cases, the average of a large number of independent estimates could be quite accurate.
This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and some to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people’s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down.
But a new study led by Joaquin Navajas offered an interesting twist (转折) on this classic phenomenon. The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals.
In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? This happened some of the time, but it wasn’t the dominant response. Most frequently, the groups reported that they “shared arguments and reasoned together”. Somehow, these arguments and reasoning resulted in a global reduction in error. Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous.
12. What is paragraph 2 of the text mainly about?
A. The methods of estimation. B. The underlying logic of the effect.
C. The causes of people’s errors. D. The design of Galton’s experiment.
13. Navajas’ study found that the average accuracy could increase even if ________.
A. the crowds were relatively small B. there were occasional underestimates
C. individuals did not communicate D. estimates were not fully independent
14. What did the follow-up study focus on?
A. The size of the groups. B. The dominant members.
C. The discussion process. D. The individual estimates.
15. What is the author’s attitude toward Navajas’ studies?
A. Unclear. B. Dismissive. C. Doubtful. D. Approving.
【答案】12. B 13. D 14. C 15. D
【解析】
【导语】本文是说明文。没有人是一座孤岛，文章陈述了“群体智慧”效应。实验表明，在某些情况下大量独立估计的平均值可能是相当准确的。
【12题详解】
主旨大意题。根据第二段内容“This effect capitalizes on the fact that when people make errors, those errors aren’t always the same. Some people will tend to overestimate, and come to underestimate. When enough of these errors are averaged together, they cancel each other out, resulting in a more accurate estimate. If people are similar and tend to make the same errors, then their errors won’t cancel each other out. In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. If for whatever reasons, people s errors become correlated or dependent, the accuracy of the estimate will go down. (这种效应利用了这样一个事实，即当人们犯错误时，这些错误并不总是相同的。有些人常常会高估，或者低估。当这些误差中有足够多的误差被平均在一起时，它们会相互抵消，从而产生更准确的估计。如果相似的人倾向于犯同样的错误，那么他们的错误不会相互抵消。从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的。如果由于任何原因，人们的错误变得相关或依赖，估计的准确性就会下降)”可知，本段阐述了人们所犯的错误不总是相同的，各不相同的误差平均在一起，相互抵消就会产生更准确的估计，讨论了独立估计的平均如何由于误差的消除而产生更准确的预测。因此本段主要解释了“群体智慧”效应这一现象的基本逻辑。故选B。
【13题详解】
细节理解题。根据第二段的“In more technical terms, the wisdom of crowds requires that people’s estimates be independent. (从更专业的角度来说，群众的智慧要求人们的估计是独立的)”和第三段的“The key finding of the study was that when crowds were further divided into smaller groups that were allowed to have a discussion, the averages from these groups were more accurate than those from an equal number of independent individuals. For instance, the average obtained from the estimates of four discussion groups of five was significantly more accurate than the average obtained from 20 independent individuals. (这项研究的关键发现是，当人群被进一步划分为允许进行讨论的小组时，这些小组的平均值比同等数量的独立个体的平均值更准确。例如，从四个五人讨论组的估计中获得的平均值明显比从20个独立个体获得的平均值更准确)”可知，人们在没有独立的情况下，分成更小群体，平均值是更准确的，说明即使在估计数字并非完全独立的情况下，准确率提高也是可以做到的。故选D。
【14题详解】
推理判断题。根据第四段的“In a follow-up study with 100 university students, the researchers tried to get a better sense of what the group members actually did in their discussion. Did they tend to go with those most confident about their estimates? Did they follow those least willing to change their minds? (在一项针对100名大学生的后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中的实际行为。他们是否倾向于选择那些对自己的估计最有信心的人？他们追随那些最不愿意改变主意的人吗)”可知，在后续研究中，研究人员试图更好地了解小组成员在讨论中实际做了什么。结合两个问题，因此可知后续研究的重点是小组内的讨论过程。故选C。
【15题详解】
推理判断题。根据最后一段内容“Although the studies led by Navajas have limitations and many questions remain, the potential implications for group discussion and decision-making are enormous. (尽管Navajas领导的研究有局限性，仍存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响是巨大的)”可知，作者认为虽然Navajas领导的研究有局限性也存在许多问题，但对小组讨论和决策的潜在影响巨大。因此推断作者对于Navajas的研究表示一定的赞许和支持。故选D。
第二节(共5小题;每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
Personal Forgiveness
Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. ____16____ You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this.
In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths.” ____17____ Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of.
At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. ____18____
You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. ____19____ That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this — it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time.
It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. ____20____ We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow.
A. A little self-forgiveness also goes a long way.
B. Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself.
C They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise.
D. It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness.
E. It doesn’t mean you have to ignore what’s happened or forget it.
F. Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down.
G. Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality.
【答案】16. D 17. B 18. F 19. C 20. G
【解析】
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章鼓励人们练习自我宽恕，并提供了一个简单的写作练习来增强自信。通过列出个人的优点和善良的行为，人们可以学会原谅自己的错误，并从中成长。
【16题详解】
根据空前内容“Taking responsibility for mistakes is a positive step, but don’t beat yourself up about them. To err (犯错) is human. (为错误承担责任是积极的一步，但不要因此而自责。人孰能无过)”可知，作者认为人都会犯错，勇于承担责任固然重要，但是也不要因此而过于自责。结合空后“You can use the following writing exercise to help you do this. (你可以使用下面的写作练习来帮助你做到这一点)”中的“do this”以及下文内容可推断，空处应该内容和“不要太自责”相似。选项D“It’s just as important to show yourself some forgiveness. (宽恕自己也同样重要)”与“不要太自责”语意相近，起承上启下的作用。故选D。
【17题详解】
根据空前内容“In a journal or on a piece of paper, put the heading “Personal strengths. ” (在日记或纸上写上“个人优点”)”以及空后内容“Are you caring? Creative? Generous? A good listener? Fun to be around? They don’t have to be world-changing, just aspects of your personality that you’re proud of. (你有爱心吗？有创造力吗？你慷慨吗？是一个好的倾听者？与人相处很有趣吗？它们不一定要改变世界，只要你个性中让你感到自豪的方面就行)”可知，空处指的是列出一些你个性中的优点。选项B“Now list all the characteristics you like about yourself. (现在列出所有你喜欢的自己身上的特点)”符合上下文内容，下文内容具体解释那些是优点。故选B。
【18题详解】
根据上文内容“At the top of a second page, put the heading “Acts of kindness.” On this one, list all the positive things you’ve done for others. It might be the time when you helped a friend with their homework, when you did the ironing without being asked, or when you baked cookies after the family had had a tiring day. (在第二页的顶部，写上“善举”的标题。在这张单子上，列出你为别人做过的所有积极的事情。它可能是当你帮助朋友做作业的时候，当你没有被要求却主动熨衣服的时候，或者当你在家人累了一天之后烤饼干的时候)”可知，本段主要讲述的是列出一些自己所做的好事。选项F“Whatever it is, no matter how small it might seem, write it down. (不管是什么，不管它看起来有多小，都要把它写下来)”与上文内容一致，讲述的是不管你所做的事情不管有多小，只要是好的事情，都记下来。故选F。
【19题详解】
根据空后内容“That way, you could exchange thoughts on what makes each of you special and the aspects of your personality that shine through. (这样，你们就可以交换意见，谈谈是什么让你们每个人都与众不同，以及你们个性中闪光的方面)”可知，空处提到了某种方式，这种方式会使得你和朋友们一起交换意见等。选项C“They might even like to have a go at doing the exercise. (他们甚至可能想试一试做练习)”符合语境，C项中的“they”与空前的“You could ask a friend or family member to help add to your list. (你可以让朋友或家人帮你增加你的列表内容。)”中的“a friend or family member”保持一致，同时选项C和下文“In fact, don’t wait until you’ve made a mistake to try this — it’s a great way to boost self-confidence at any time. (事实上，不要等到你犯了错误才去尝试这个——这是一个在任何时候都能增强自信的好方法)”中的“this”一致。故选C。
【20题详解】
根据空前内容“It’s something of a cliché (陈词滥调) that most people learn not from their successes but their mistakes. The thing is, it’s true. (大多数人不是从他们的成功中学习，而是从他们的错误中学习，这是陈词滥调。但事实是，这是真的)”可知，作者认为人是从错误中学习。选项G“Whatever the mistake, remember it isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality. (不管你犯了什么错误，记住这不是你性格中固定的一面)”符合语境，G项中的“isn’t a fixed aspect of your personality”和空后内容“We’ re all changing and learning all the time and mistakes are a positive way to develop and grow. (我们一直在改变和学习，错误是一种积极的发展和成长的方式)”保持一致，指的都是犯错并不是性格中固有的一面，我们是通过错误来成长。故选G。
第三部分语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题;每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
On Oct. 11, hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race in Minnesota. Melanie Bailey should have ____21____ the course earlier than she did. Her ____22____ came because she was carrying a ____23____ across the finish line.
As reported by a local newspaper, Bailey was more than two-thirds of the way through her ____24____ when a runner in front of her began crying in pain. She ____25____ to help her fellow runner, Danielle Lenoue. Bailey took her arm to see if she could walk forward with ____26____. She couldn’t. Bailey then ____27____ to let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____28____ attention.
Once there, Lenoue was ____29____ and later taken to a hospital, where she learned that she had serious injuries in one of her knees. She would have struggled with extreme ____30____ to make it to that aid checkpoint without Bailey’s help.
As for Bailey, she is more ____31____ about why her act is considered a big ____32____. “She was just crying. I couldn’t ____33____ her,” Bailey told the reporter. “I feel like I was just doing the right thing.”
Although the two young women were strangers before the ____34____, they’ve since become friends. Neither won the race, but the ____35____ of human kindness won the day.
21. A. designed B. followed C. changed D. finished
22. A. delay B. chance C. trouble D. excuse
23. A. judge B. volunteer C. classmate D. competitor
24. A. race B. school C. town D. training
25. A. agreed B. returned C. stopped D. promised
26. A. courage B. aid C. patience D. advice
27. A. went away B. stood up C. stepped aside D. bent down
28. A. medical B. public C. constant D. equal
29. A. interrupted B. assessed C. identified D. appreciated
30. A. hunger B. pain C. cold D. tiredness
31. A. worried B. ashamed C. confused D. discouraged
32. A. game B. problem C. lesson D. deal
33. A. leave B. cure C. bother D. understand
34. A. ride B. test C. meet D. show
35. A. secret B. display C. benefit D. exchange
【答案】21. D 22. A 23. D 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. D 28. A 29. B 30. B 31. C 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. B
【解析】
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了在明尼苏达州举行的一次越野赛中，Melanie Bailey背着另一个参赛者Danielle Lenoue过终点线并接受医疗检查的善行义举。
【21题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛。A. designed设计；B. followed跟随；C. changed改变；D. finished完成。根据下一段的“carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____8____ attention”可知，Bailey在比赛中背一名参赛者，所以完成比赛晚了，因此句子表示“Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛”。故选D。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。A. delay延误；B. chance机会；C. trouble麻烦；D. excuse借口。根据上文“Melanie Bailey should have ____1____ the course earlier than she did”和上一题的解析可知，Melanie Bailey应该更早完成比赛，她的延迟是因为她背着一名竞争对手冲过终点线。故选A。
【23题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：她的延迟是因为她背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。A. judge裁判；B. volunteer志愿者；C. classmate同学；D. competitor参赛者。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，她是背着一名参赛者冲过终点线。故选D。
24题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：据当地一家报纸报道，当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候，她前面的一名选手开始痛苦地哭泣。A. race比赛；B. school学校；C. town城镇；D. training训练。根据第一段的“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”可知，此处是说“当Bailey跑到比赛的三分之二多的时候”。故选A。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。A. agreed同意；B. returned回来；C. stopped停止；D. promised答应。根据下文“to help her fellow runner”可知，她停下来帮助她的同伴Danielle Lenoue。故选C。
【26题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：Bailey扶着她的胳膊，看看她能否帮助下向前走。A. courage勇气；B. aid帮助；C. patience耐心；D. advice建议。根据上文“Bailey took her arm”可知，此处表示看她是否能在她的帮助下向前走。故选B。
【27题详解】
考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A. went away离开； B. stood up站起来；C. stepped aside让路；D. bent down弯腰。根据下文“let Lenoue climb onto her back”可知，Bailey弯下腰，让勒诺爬到她的背上。故选D。
【28题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：然后Bailey弯下腰，让Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺，到Lenoue接受治疗的地方。A. medical医疗的；B. public公众的；C. constant持续不断的；D. equal平等的。根据上文“began crying in pain”可知，Danielle Lenoue很疼，所以是要接受治疗，medical attention意为“医疗救助”。故选A。
【29题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：Lenoue在那里接受了检查，后来被送往医院，在那里她得知自己的一个膝盖受了重伤。A. interrupted打断；B. assessed评估；C. identified识别；D. appreciated感激。根据下文“later taken to a hospital”可知，她是先接受了检查，再被送往医院，也就是先接受评估。故选B。
【30题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站。A. hunger饥饿；B. pain疼痛；C. cold感冒；D. tiredness疲劳。根据第5空前的“began crying in pain”可知，此处表示“如果没有Bailey的帮助，她可能会在极度的痛苦中挣扎着到达那个援助检查站”。故选B。
【31题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A. worried担心的；B. ashamed惭愧的；C. confused困惑的；D. discouraged泄气的。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑。故选C。
【32题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：至于Bailey，她更困惑的是为什么她的行为被认为是一件大事。A. game游戏；B. problem问题；C. lesson课；D. deal交易，局面。根据下文“I feel like I was just doing the right thing”可知，Bailey觉得自己只是做了正确的事情，所以她对她的行为被认为是一件大事感到困惑，a big deal意为“非常重要的事”。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不能离开她。A. leave离开；B. cure治愈；C. bother打扰；D. understand理解。根据上文“She was just crying”以及Lenoue爬到她的背上，一路背着她走到终点线，然后又走了300英尺。可知，Bailey看见Lenoue哭喊，所以觉得不能离开她。故选A。
【34题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人，但后来她们成了朋友。A. ride短途旅程；B. test测试；C. meet体育比赛；D. show展示。根据第一段“hundreds of runners competed in a cross-country race”及空前的“the two young women were strangers before”可知，当时是一场比赛，句子表示“这两个年轻女子在那场体育比赛之前是陌生人”。故选C。
【35题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：两人都没有赢得比赛，但展示出的人类善良赢得了胜利。A. secret秘密；B. display展示；C. benefit利益；D. exchange交换。根据第二段的“let Lenoue climb onto her back and carried her all the way to the finish line, then another 300 feet to where Lenoue could get ____8____ attention”可知，Bailey背着一个参赛者过终点，并背她去接受检查，这展示了人类的善良。故选B。
第二节课文填空(共10小题;每小题1.5分，满分15分)
36. Yet there is one major danger to these ______(replace) plants and animals: us. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】irreplaceable
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：这些不可替代的动植物面临着一个主要的危险：我们。 根据句意和所给动词replace以及空格后的plants and animals分析句子可知，空格处应该填入形容词irreplaceable作定语，修饰后面的plants and animals，表示“不可替代的”。故填irreplaceable。
37. The ______shaking stopped, Miss Brown sensed it was the best time for the class to make their escape.(用适当的词填空)
【答案】moment
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：摇晃停止的那一刻，布朗小姐感觉到这是全班同学逃生的最佳时机。分析句子可知，逗号前的部分在句中作状语。根据句意，此处应填入名词moment，the moment引导时间状语从句意为“一……就……”。故填moment。
38. Each hurried blindly and________ (fear) on. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】fearfully
【解析】
【详解】考查副词。句意：每个人都盲目而恐惧地匆匆前行。修饰动词hurried用副词作状语，故填fearfully。
39. By the time he was a teenager, he ______(enjoy) a reputation as a wonderful musician. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】had enjoyed
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：在他十几岁的时候，他已经享有杰出音乐家的美誉。by the time意为“到……为止”，如果从句中的谓语动词是一般过去时，那么主句中的谓语动词通常用过去完成时，表示“截止到从句动作发生时，主句动作已经完成，即过去的过去”。故此处应用过去完成时。故填had enjoyed。
40. However, while the Internet brings many valuable advantages, ______(connect) has its problems. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】being connected
【解析】
【详解】考查动名词。句意：然而，尽管互联网带来了许多宝贵的优势，但连接也有其问题。互联网是被连接的，该空connect用动名词的被动式作主语，动名词表抽象的、一般性行为。故填being connected。
41. Tu’s education was soon ______(prove) very useful. (用所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】to prove
【解析】
【详解】考查时态。句意：屠呦呦的教育很快被证明是非常有用的。根据“was”和“soon”可知，此处应用be to do sth.表示即将发生的行为，空处应用to prove。故填to prove。
42. The simple tunes and beautiful natural images are often very ______(suggest) of countryside surroundings. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】suggestive
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：简单的曲调和美丽的自然画面往往很容易让人联想到乡村环境。空格处用形容词作表语，suggest的形容词是suggestive，意为“引起联想的”，故填suggestive。
43. When I saw it up close, I ________ (strike) by the small areas of light across the paintings, and the way the soft edges of the figures seemed to mix together. （所给词的适当形式填空）
【答案】was struck
【解析】
【详解】考查动词时态和语态。句意：当我近距离观察它时，我被画上的小区域的光线所震撼，以及人物柔软的边缘似乎混合在一起的方式。分析句子结构可知，本句是when引导的时间状语从句，主句中缺少谓语动词，所以strike应该做谓语，根据后文and后的并列句用的是一般过去时可知，此处也用一般过去时，根据空后的by表“被”之意可知，和主语I之间是被动关系，应该用被动语态。故填was struck。
44. Thanks to all this fine detail, the Qingming Scroll provides a ______(comprehend) look at life during the Northern Song Dynasty. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】comprehensive
【解析】
【详解】考查形容词。句意：多亏了这些精细的细节，《清明上河图》全面展现了北宋时期的生活。根据空后的look，这里应用形容词。comprehensive意为“全部的，全面的”，在句中作定语。故填comprehensive。
45. In this article, we will talk about a particular type of comfort food whose power mainly lies in the ______(associate) it calls to mind. (所给词的适当形式填空)
【答案】associations
【解析】
【详解】考查名词。句意：在这篇文章中，我们将讨论一种特殊的安慰食物，它的力量主要在于它能唤起人们的联想。空格处用名词作宾语，associate的名词是association，意为“联想”，此处表示不止一个，因此空格处用复数，故填associations。
第四部分写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
46. 假设你是李华，你的英国朋友Jim在给你的邮件中提到他对中国文化感兴趣，计划明年来北京上大学，他向你咨询相关信息。请给他回邮件，内容包括：1.表示欢迎；2.建议他上哪所大学及做哪些准备工作。注意：词数80左右。
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Jim,
I’m so glad to hear your future education plan in Beijng in your last letter.
First, I would like to express my warmest welcome to you and I am sure you will have the most unforgettable experience during your college in Beijing.
Learning your keen interest in Chinese culture, I suggest you apply for Peking University, one of the best universities in China. Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in profound Chinese history and rich culture. As for preparation, some reading in advance is needed like The Story of the Stone and some online courses of spoken Chinese can be helpful for you to adapt to the Chinese language environment.
I sincerely hope your dream will come true and it’s my pleasure to show you around in Beijing when that day comes. If you have further questions, please feel free to let me know.
Yours,
Li Hua
【解析】
【分析】本篇书面表达属于建议信，要求考生给英国朋友Jim写封信，建议他上北京的哪所大学及做哪些准备工作，并表示欢迎。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
高兴的：glad→delighted
肯定的：sure→certain
建议：suggest→advise
有用的：helpful→useful
2. 句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：I’m so glad to hear your future education plan in Beijng in your last letter.
拓展句：I’m so glad to hear that you plan to get future education in Beijng in your last letter.
【点睛】[高分句型1]Its Chinese Literature major is perfect for you where you can be completely soaked in profound Chinese history and rich culture.（运用了where引导的限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]I sincerely hope your dream will come true and it’s my pleasure to show you around in Beijing when that day comes.（运用了省略连词that的宾语从句和when引导的时间状语从句）
第二节(满分25分)
47. 阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Last March, Margarito drove to visit his mother who lived in the countryside. When he set off for home, Margarito’s mother looked at the dark sky and noticed the sign of a coming storm. Worried about her son’s safety, she told him to drive as carefully as possible on his way home and he promised to give her a call upon his arrival.
With his mother’s words in mind, Margarito approached the main road carefully. Soon, it started to rain heavily. Eager to get home, Margarito began to drive faster. Two hours later, he came to a bumpy mountain road that had been flooded by a creek (小溪). Margarito, driving a four-wheel drive truck, figured that he would be OK. At that moment, he didn’t realize that such a thought would be a big mistake.
It was halfway across the creek that an unfortunate incident took place: The rushing waters grabbed hold of his vehicle, pushing it off the road and sending it down a rocky creek bed. The truck finally stopped some 80 feet away. Margarito’s problems only grew from there as the water had somehow positioned the truck into the creek bank at a 45-degree angle, making it difficult for him to open the driver’s side door. Injured and trapped inside with the muddy water rising quickly, Margarito was certain he was going to die. Shaking with fear, he was at a loss about what to do.
On the road right behind Margarito were a delivery worker named Steve and his nephew Mike, who were on the way to deliver furniture to customers in the countryside. They witnessed the horrible incident, and when Margarito’s truck came to rest in the middle of the overflowing creek, Steve quickly began to take action. First, he grabbed a rope from the back of his vehicle and used it to ensure he could safely approach the truck.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Next, he turned to Mike and yelled, “Give me a rock!”
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Margarito was about to thank Steve and Mike when the mobile phone in his jacket pocket rang.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】 Next, he turned to Mike and yelled, “Give me a rock!” With the rock, he hit the window over and over but had little success. Steve then shouted to Margarito to move away from the window. He balanced himself on the truck, leaned back and threw the rock at the window. Finally, the glass broke and Steve kicked in the remaining pieces of glass. Relieved, Margarito reached out for Steve’s hand and was rescued. The two men escaped and returned to safety.
Margarito was about to thank Steve and Mike when the mobile phone in his jacket pocket rang. With trembling hands, Margarito took out the phone and pressed it to his ear. His mother’s anxious voice came over the phone, “Are you home yet? Everything’s good?” Tears welled up in his eyes at the familiar sound of concern. Margarito choked up as he explained the accident to his mom and comforted her. Hanging up the phone, he turned to Steve and Mike and sincerely thanked both of them. Cold as the rain was, great warmth filled his heart like never before.
【解析】
【导语】本文以玛格丽托开车去看望住在乡下的母亲为线索展开，讲述了去年3月，玛格丽托去看望住在乡下的母亲，返程途中遭遇到了暴风雨，他的车被卡在山路上的一条小溪中间，他受伤了并被困在里面，这时，送货员史蒂夫和他的侄子迈克目睹了这可怕的一幕，他们把玛格丽托从车里救了出来。玛格丽托对两位营救他的恩人非常感激。
【详解】1.段落续写
①由第一段首句内容“接着，他转向迈克喊道：“给我一块石头！”。”可知，第一段可描写送货员史蒂夫看到玛格丽托被困在车里，立刻想到了必须马上用石头砸破车窗户，把玛格丽托营救出来，详细叙述他营救玛格丽托的过程。
②由第二段首句内容“玛格丽托正要感谢史蒂夫和迈克，这时他夹克口袋里的手机响了。”可知，第二段可描写玛格丽托被救后接到了他母亲的电话，电话中他向母亲讲述了刚才自己经历的惊险一幕，挂断电话后，玛格丽托向史蒂夫和迈克表达的真诚的感谢之情。
2.续写线索：史蒂夫砸车窗——玛格丽托获救——玛格丽托接到母亲电话——玛格丽托表达感谢
3.词汇激活
行为类
①喊叫：shout / yell out
②营救，得救：rescue /save
③解释：explain /interpret/illustrate
情绪类
①焦急的：anxious / worried
②真诚地：sincerely /honestly
【点睛】【高分句型1】
Margarito choked up as he explained the accident to his mom and comforted her.(运用了as引导的时间状语从句)
【高分句型2】
Cold as the rain was, great warmth filled his heart like never before. (运用了形容词+as +主语+系动词倒装句型)
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