【暑假初升高】人教版2019英语初三（升高一）暑假预习-第11讲 Unit3 Sports and Fitness 核心单词知识句型 名校真题讲学案

第11讲 Unit 3 Sports and Fitness

一、核心单词讲解

清单一----词表词汇速记 （限时25分钟）

1. set an example 树立榜样

set an example to/for sb 给某人树立榜样

follow one's example 效仿某人；以某人为榜样

take...for example 以……为例

for example/instance 例如

eg. We Chinese people are all called on to learn from Lei Feng, who we think sets an example to us all. 我们中国人都被号召向雷锋学习，我们认为他为我们树立了榜样。

2. honour（又作honor）n.荣誉；尊敬；荣幸

● It's an honour for sb to do sth 对某人来说做某事很荣幸

feel it an honour to do sth 为做某事感到荣幸

in honour of...向……表示敬意；为纪念……

● be/feel honoured to do sth 做某事感到荣幸

● honourable adj.可敬的；体面的

honoured adj.受尊敬的

eg.Last but not least,I feel it a great honour to represent my class to take part in the group dancing competition.

最后但同等重要的是，代表我们班参加团体舞比赛，我感到很荣幸。

3. determination n.决心；决定

● with determination 有决心

● determine vt.决定；确定；下决心；影响

determine to do sth 决定做某事

determine on/upon（doing）sth 决定（做）某事

● determined adj.有决心的

be determined to do sth 决心做某事（表示状态）

【联想】 “决定做某事”表达还有∶

①decide to do sth  ②make a decision to do sth

③make up one's mind to do sth

4. injure vt.使受伤；损害（hurt）

● injured adj.受伤的；有伤的

get injured 受伤

the injured 伤员

● injury n.伤害；损伤

do an injury to sb 伤害某人

5. lose heart 丧失信心；泄气

lose one's heart to 某人倾心于……；爱上……

put one's heart into 某人专心于……

heart and soul全心全意；完全地

learn...by heart 记忆；背诵

eg. In no sense should you lose heart; keep trying and you will make it sooner or later. 决不应丧失信心；继续努力，你迟早会成功的。

6.strength n.力量；体力；强项，优势（advantage）

● have the strength to do sth 有力量/意志做某事

build up one's strength/body增强某人的体力

strengths and weaknesses 优势和劣势

● strong adj，强壮的；坚强的

strengthen vt，& vi，加强；巩固；增强

【联想】 -en 后缀高频动词集锦；

①shorten 缩短 ②deepen 加深 ③widen 加宽 ④broaden 加宽 ⑤lighten 减轻 ⑥brighten 变亮

7.failure n.失败；失败的人（或事物）

● end in failure 以失败而告终

heart failure 心脏衰竭

● fail vi.失败

fail to do sth 没做成某事

【反义】 success n.成功；succeed v.成功

eg. As the old saying goes,failure is the mother of success. 俗话说，失败是成功之母。

8.give up放弃；投降

give in 屈服；投降；让步；上交

give out 分配；分发；用光；筋疲力尽

give off放出；发出（光、热、气味或气体等）

give away 赠送；泄露；出卖

give back归还

【同义】 desert，quit，abandon

9. compete vi.竞争；对抗

● compete in 参加……比赛；在……方面竞争

compete with与……竞争

compete for 为……而竞争

compete with/against...for...为争取……而与……竞争/对抗

● competition n.比赛；竞争

competitive adj.竞争的；有竞争力的

competitor n.竞争者；对手

【联想】 “比赛”的表达还有∶match，contest，game，tournament

10. make sense 有道理；合乎情理；表述清楚

● make sense of 理解；明白

make no sense 没道理；没意义

● in a sense 在某一方面；就某种意义来说

in no sense 决不（位于句首时用部分倒装）

● there is no sense/point in doing sth 做某事没意义

【联想】 “决不”位于句首部分倒装短语荟萃；

in no way, in no case, by no means, on no condition, at no time,

on no account,under/in no circumstances

11. pretend vi.& vt.假装；装扮

pretend to be十名词/形容词 假装是……

pretend to do sth 假装做某事

pretend to be doing sth 假装正在做某事

pretend to have done sth 假装已经做了某事

pretend that 从句 假装……

【联想】 后接 to do/to be doing/to have done 的动词还有∶happen，appear，seem，claim等。

12.diet n.规定饮食；日常饮食

vi.节食

go on a diet 节食，控制饮食（表动作）

be on a diet 在节食（表状态）

a balanced/healthy diet 均衡的/健康的饮食

eg. Keeping a balanced diet and taking exercise regularly are recognized as a healthy lifestyle. 均衡饮食和经常锻炼被认为是一种健康的生活方式。

13.make a difference有作用或影响

●make a difference to 对……有作用或影响

make some/no/little difference（to..）（对……）有/没有/很少有作用或影响

● tell the difference（between...and..）辨别/区分（……与……）

eg. Only when we match our words with actions can we make a difference in whatever we hope to accomplish. 只有我们言行一致才能对我们希望完成的事情有所贡献。

14.rather than 而不是

● would rather do sth than do sth

would do sth rather than do sth            宁愿……而不愿……

prefer to do sth rather than do sth

● other than 不同于；除了……外

more than 多于；不仅仅；非常

or rather更确切地说

【点拨】 rather than 连接两个主语时，谓语动词的单复数应与前面的主语保持一致，即"就远原则"。

15. cut….out停止做（或使用、食用）；剪下

cut off中止；切掉；使隔绝

cut up 切碎

cut down 砍倒；削减；删节；缩小（尺寸、数量等）

cut in 插嘴；打断（谈话）；插入

eg. If you cut out fat and sugar in your foods, you will be much slimmer. 如果你的食物中没有脂肪和糖的摄入，你就会更苗条。

16. compare...with/to...与……比较

compare…to…把……比喻为……

compared with/to（独立成分作状语）和……相比较

compare notes with sb与某人交换意见

eg. Michael's new house is like a huge palace, compared with his old one. 迈克尔的新房子和他的旧房子相比，就像一个巨大的宫殿。

17.stress n.压力（pressure）；紧张；强调；重音

vt.强调；重读；使焦虑不安 vi.焦虑不安

● under stress 在压力下

relieve stress 缓解压力

put/place/lay stress on/upon 强调；着重于

stress out 焦虑不安；疲惫不堪

● stressful adj.有压力的（指物）

stressed adj.感到有压力的（指人）

eg. As has been stressed many times, learning English well is of great importance to your career development in the future.

正如我们多次强调的，学好英语对你未来的职业发展是非常重要的。

Actually,a lot of teenagers in China are under great stress.

事实上，中国很多青少年都承受着巨大的压力。

I think the company places too much stress on cost and not enough on quality. 我认为公司对成本强调有余，而对质量重视不足。

二、重点词块速记

1.   at home and abroad国内外
2.   come along 跟随；到达；进步；赶快
3.   make it 获得成功；准时到达

4.fall apart 破裂；破碎；崩溃

5.because of heart problems 因为心脏问题

6.a big challenge 一个巨大挑战

7.stand still站着不动；静止不动

8.the secret to his success 他成功的秘诀

9.learn from his failures 从失败中吸取教训

10.now and then 有时；偶尔

11.be positive about myself and my body 对我自己和我的身体积极自信

12.track-and-field lovers 田径爱好者

13.compare myself with actresses and models

把自己与女演员和模特比较

14. an e-sports event 一个电子竞技活动
15. host the Youth Ski Race 主办青少年滑雪比赛

16.sweat your way to good health 流汗是健康之道

17.lose weight 减肥

18.it's up to you 由你决定

19.bring honour and glory to her country给她的国家带来名誉和荣耀

20.work together as a team 齐心协力

三、重点句型剖析

1.Losing two important players was a big challenge,but Lang Ping did not lose heart.

（v.-ing形式作主语） 失去两位重要的运动员是一个巨大的挑战，但郎平并没有灰心。

2.The Boys and Girls Club which he started in Chicago has been helping young people since 1996.（have/has been doing 现在完成进行时）他在芝加哥所创建的"男孩女孩俱乐部"从1996 年至今一直在帮助年轻人。

3.A soccer player should not pretend to fall down even if it helps his/her team.

(even if 引导让步状语从句） 尽管这对他/她的球队有帮助，足球运动员也不应该假装摔倒。

4.Jordan says that the secret to his success is learning from his failures.(the secret to... is………的秘诀是……）

乔丹说他成功的秘诀是从失败中学习。

5.They must be athletes who are masters in their sports and also set good examples for others.（人物描写）

他们必须是他们（各自的）运动领域的高手，而且为其他人树立了很好的榜样。

5. In the final seconds of a game,Jordan always seemed to find a way to win.

在一场比赛的最后几秒，乔丹似乎总能找到获胜的方法。

句型公式|sb/sth seems/seemed+不定式

（1）“主语＋seem＋不定式”意为“看起来……，好像……”；其中 seem 与不定式一起构成复合谓语。

（2）It seems＋that从句

（3）主语＋seem（to be）＋表语（＋to do）用于说明主语的特征或状态，表语多为名词或形容词。

（4）It seems as if/as though….看起来好像……

（5）There seem to be+名词

seem的单复数形式要根据后面名词的单复数形式而定。

①It seems that Mary has changed a lot since she went to university.

→Mary seems to have changed a lot since she went to university.

自从上大学以来，玛丽似乎改变了很多。

②It seems difficult to learn so many new words by heart in a short time.

似乎很难在短时间内把这么多生词背下来。

③It seems to be human nature to worry. 忧虑似乎是人的天性。

④There seems to be no hope that business will get better. 生意似乎没有好转的希望。

考点一、核心单词语法填空

1. Physical         （fit）has now become an important element in our lives.
2. If you approach each of your challenges with creativity then your life will be filled          adventures.
3. We recommend          （book）tickets early, as this is a popular event.
4. I didn't think I could ever get used to        （live）in a big city after living in the country.
5. We had to keep track          our belongings, and if something was lost, it was not replaced ．
6. We always believe that every         （honor）customer is very important.
7. The success or        （fail）of the plan depends on you.
8. Climbing Mount Huang had been my dream, but it was not until last month that I managed to make        .
9. There must be something          happened to him, but we don’t know what it is.
10. It may take a few weeks for you to build up your        （strong）again.

11. Even in a weak economy, businesses still compete          talent.

12. We carefully compared the first report          the second one.

13. She pretends          （be）interested in opera, but it's only for show.

14. There is now intense         （compete）between schools to attract students.

15. Her husband became much          （positive）than before and was soon back in full-time employment.

16. There are        （similar）and differences between the teaching of the mother tongue and a foreign language.

17. But I do believe that emotions can and should play a role          decision-making.

18. People feel more and more          （cheat） and get more and more angry.

9. When I go on         diet, I eat only fruit, and that takes off weight quickly.

考点二、重点词块选词填空

1. The plan will          if there is not enough financial support.
2. He            to all of us by risking his life to save the drowning boy.
3. The three parties will meet next month to         remaining differences.
4. When things aren't going well, he encourages me, telling me not to          .
5. He is unable to            today's basketball game because of his foot injury.
6. I’ll work at training,never give up and be ready for the next chance that            .
7. Whenever we are in trouble, we must never          , but try to think of the way out.
8. I am used to reading China Daily every morning, as it can keep me informed of the present events both            .

阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

【2022年浙江卷6月】To understand a painting, we’re taught to look for color, composition, and light. But how can a painting ___36___ (appreciate)by someone who’s blind? Through touch, the one thing gallery signs tell you not ___37___ (do). John Olson, a former ___38___ (photograph)and his team turn paintings into fully textured 3D models.

The tactile(可触知的)paintings work as a way to show art to ___39___ blind because we don’t see with just Our eyes: We see with our brains. Research in the field of neuroplasticity-the brain’s adaptability-shows that the visual cortex(大脑皮层)is made active by touch. Blind people recognize shapes with their ___40___ (exist) senses, in a way similar to that of ___41___ (sight )people, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.

Luc Gandarias, who’s now thirteen, went blind suddenly ___42___ age seven. When he felt a 3D version of Leonardo da Vinci’s “Mona Lisa” he ___43___ (notice)her smile right away. ”I can actually feel what you see when you look at it,” he said.

For Luc, this means ___44___ (independent). "The feeling of being able to see it ___45___ to form my opinion is like breaking down another wall as a blind person.”

一、完形填空

（湖北省鄂东南省级示范高中教育教学改革联盟学校2022-2023学年高一上学期期中联考）Recently my wife and I were flying across the country and were about to board our flight when a woman sitting across from us at the gate had a medical episode.

I came back from the restroom and sat down next to my wife, who     1     to me and whispered “something is      2     ”. The woman was slumping over more and more and quickly lost     3     of her body. I jumped up and crouched in front of her, asking if she was okay.

I      4      myself as Dr. Joe and asked her name. Let’s call her Jackie to protect her     5    . I told Miss Jackie that I’m a chiropractor, not a medical doctor, but I’m here for her to help in any way she needs.

In one hand I     6     hers and with my other hand I supported her head,     7     asking what was happening. She revealed that she had a condition where, when her body is exposed to a lot of stress and stimulus, her body goes into a parasympathetic (副交感神经) overdrive.

Jackie     8     to me that she’s had this condition for thirty years and will be “perfectly fine in just a bit”. She said she forgot her medical     9     at home when she flew across the country to visit her daughter and grandkids.

I asked her if she needed help sitting up and needed a wheelchair to board the plane, to both of which she said yes. I asked my wife to     10     a gate agent and request a wheelchair. I stayed behind to ensure Jackie     11     safely on board, but due to some     12    , the gate agent, and a manager, thought Jackie was having a stroke (中风) .

I advocated for Jackie, explaining that, despite her forgetting her papers, her condition will    13   ease. The employees of the airline agreed to let her board with my assistance and, just like Jackie said, she was perfectly fine within merely twenty minutes. Fortunately, Jackie just needed someone to listen to her and fight for her. Don’t be     14     to reach out to strangers and     15    . Everyone has their own battles and struggles, sometimes we just need someone to care.

1．A．pulled over B．stood up C．leaned in D．looked forward

2．A．amazing B．extreme C．challenging D．wrong

3．A．track B．control C．contact D．power

4．A．viewed B．admired C．introduced D．pretended

5．A．identity B．detail C．personality D．grace

6．A．packed B．accommodated C．held D．sheltered

7．A．contentedly B．formally C．awkwardly D．carefully

8．A．explained B．lectured C．summarized D．commented

9．A．registration forms B．application forms C．papers D．schedules

10．A．arrange B．fetch C．collect D．address

11．A．made it B．got it C．bought it D．asked for it

12．A．misinformation B．miscommunication C．misbehavior D．misadventure

13．A．gradually B．finally C．rapidly D．impressively

14．A．afraid B．anxious C．annoyed D．curious

15．A．watch out B．work out C．check out D．help out

二、阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（一个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

（广东省佛山市顺德区第一中学2022-2023学年高一上学期新生入学考试）I am now on my year abroad in Germany as part of my university course. At the beginning of my time here, I had the chance to meet so many new people and make lots of new     1     (friend). It is almost like     2     (start) a new life and can make you feel nervous and lonely at first. But I knew that when I moved to Germany I had to be open and friendly. This is     3     (certain) what I have done since moving here and I have made some great friends along the way.

Next week a friend of     4     (I) is moving to Spain for the next part of her year abroad. She will be living near a beach and have a lot of fun. But I am also     5     (concern) about her as she will have to start a new life in another new country. She said that she     6     (want) to go back in time very much.

In order     7     (say) goodbye to her, a group of friends and I had a surprise party. We made her a scrapbook (剪贴簿) with photos and memories of her time here so     8     she could take it along! We hope that she has     9     wonderful time in Spain and that she will get along well      10      her new classmates and settle into her new home.