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【暑假初升高】外研版英语九年级（升高一）暑假预习-第04讲-定语从句 讲学案
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第04讲 定语从句
【学习目标】
1. 区别关系代词和关系副词的判定。
2. 掌握非限制性从句的用法。
【基础知识】
定语是什么？
基本概念：
(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。
(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。
先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。
(3) 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用：
A. 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；
B. 必在从句中作某个句子成份
C, 指代先行词
关系词
指代人或物
定语从句中充当的成分
关系
代词
that
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
which
物或主句内容
主语、宾语
who
人
主语或宾语
whom
人
宾语
whose
人或物
定语
关系
副词
when
时间
状语
where
地点
状语
why
原因
状语
定语从句三步曲：
第一找出先行词；
第二找出定语从句
第三看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；
结构：名词/代词（先行词）+关系代词/副词+定语从句
【考点剖析】
考点一：关系代词
考向1：关系代词基本用法
1. 指人时可以用who，也可用that。
1） The man who/that lives next to us is a policeman.
2） Do you know the girl who/that is in red?
2. 指物时可以用which，也可用that。
1) I like music that/which I can dance to.
2) What do you think of the movie that/which was shown last night?
活学活用：
1. I love singers . Singers write their own songs.
改写：
who在从句中用作主语。
2. He is the man . I met the man yesterday.
改写：
who在从句中用作宾语。
3. I like music. I can dance to music.
改写：
that在从句中用作宾语。
4. I prefer a sandwich. A sandwich is really delicious.
改写：
that在从句中用作主语。
注意：1）that 和who 在句中做主语时不能省略，做宾语时可以省略。
I like music (that) I can dance to.
He is the man (who) I met yesterday.
2）定语从句中谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致.
I prefer movies that are scary.
I like a sandwich that is really delicious.
I love singers who are beautiful.
I have a friend who plays sports.
3. Whose可以指人，也可以指物。
whose 在定语从句中作定语。
1） She is a beautiful girl whose hair is brown.
2） There is a desk whose legs are broken.
难点：whose: 属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。
“whose + 名词 = the + 名词 + of which”。
N1 + whose +N2 = N1, the N2 of which
活学活用：
1、 Look out ! Don't get too close to the house _______ roof is under repair.
Look out ! Don't get too close to the house，the roof_______ is under repair.
A. whose B. which C. of which D. what
2、Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable.
Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, and _______ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
4. 关系代词做宾语时可以省略。
1) I like the book that/which/省略 my mother bought yesterday.
2) Do you know the girl who/whom/that/省略 we talked about just now?
5.先行词是主句内容或物，只能用as的情况。
定语从句
区别
例句
限制性定语从句中
名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用
as,不能用which
He is not such a fool as he looks.
Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.
非限制性定语从句中
as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有
“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也
可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从
句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。
They won the game, as we had expected.
They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.
As is well known, he is a famous film star in the1980s.
例1．【单句填空】
用as\that\which填空。
1. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift.
2. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift it.
3. ______ is known to all, he is the best student.
4. Jim passed the driving test, _____ surprised everybody in the office.
考向2：关系代词的特殊用法
考点1：先行词是人，只能用who,不能用that的情况。
1） 指人的不定代词做先行词时，只能用who.
We should help anyone who is in need.
2） 非限制性定语从句中，逗号与指人的先行词隔开的句子，只能用who.
I’m Li Hua, who is studying in London during the summer vacation.
考点2：先行词是物，只能用which，不能用that的情况。
1） 介词+which
There are two chairs in the room, both of which are broken.
2） 非限制性定语从句中，逗号与指物的先行词隔开的句子，只能用which
They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.
考点3：先行词是人或物，只能用that，不能用which或who的情况。
（1）先行词被形容词最高级、序数词及 only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。
1) I will tell him all that you told me at the ball.
2) The only thing that we could do was to wait.
3) The first place that we visited was the Great Wall.
（2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything,everything等不定代词时。
The girl handed everything that she had picked up in the street to the police.
（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。
He was looking pleasantly at the children and books that filled his bus.
（4）先行词在主句中作表语,关系词在从句中作表语时。
The village is no longer the one that it was 5 years ago.
（5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。
Which are the books that you bought for me ?
考点二：关系副词
关系副词有when,where, why三个， 在定语从句中一般作状语。
2. 关系副词的作用
关系词
指代人或物
定语从句中充当的成分
关系
副词
when
时间
状语
where
地点
状语
why
原因
状语
二． 考点精讲：
考向1：关系副词的基本用法
when 在定语从句中作时间状语。
I will never forget the day when I joined the League.
where 在定语从句中作地点状语。
This is the place where he was born.
why 在定语从句中作原因状语。
We don’t know the reason why he came late.
注意：关系副词=介词+关系代词
1. When=介词+which
1) I still remember the day ________________________I came to the school for the first time.
我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天
2) The time _____________________________we get together finally arrived.我们团聚的时刻终于到了
注意：Gone are the days when...
2. Why =for+which
The reason why .....is that....
1） Please tell me the reason________________________you missed your flight.
请告诉我你误机的原因
2） The reason ___________________________you were punished is unknown to us.
他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道
3. Where=介词+which
1） Is this the place ________you visited?
2） Is this place ___________you visited?
3） Is this the place _________you lived?
A, where B, which C, the one D, one
考向2： 关系副词的特殊情况
A. 一些特殊词之后的where
where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。
1. I’ve come to the point where I can’t stand him. 我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。
2. The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time. 国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。
难点：如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。
活学活用：
1.We are trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk.
A. which B. that C. where D. when
2. ---Do you have anything to say for yourself?
---Yes, there’s one point ____ we must insist on .
A. why B. where C. how D. /
3.Great changes are taking place in the city ______they live.
4.The reason ___________he refused the invitation is quite clear.
B. occasion“时机”作先行词时，常用关系副词when。
occasion“场合”作先行词时，常用关系副词where。
1. Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a time with my kids.
2. Please describe an occasion where you met with real difficulties.
考向3. the way用做先行词，并且关系词在从句中作状语时，关系词用in which/that/省略
填上合适的关系词并分析原因：
1. The way _________________he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.
2. The way _________________he explained to us was quite simple.
3. What surprised me was not what he said but _____ he said it.
A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which
4. The way ______he answered the questions was surprising.
A, / B, which C, that D, in which
考向4： 关系副词的选择技巧：一断，二找，三放
1. 先判断句子是否是定语从句，若是， 断开主句从句部分。
2. 找先行词指什么：人，物或其他。
3. 放先行词于从句作什么成分，以判断应选关系代词或关系副词。 如果后面从句不完整，缺主语，宾语或定语时，就用关系代词。如果后面从句是完整的，不缺主语，宾语或定语，作状语时就用关系副词。
例2．【单句填空】
1. The reason __________he did it is not clear.
The reason __________he gave to the teacher is unbelievable.
2. I will never forget the day_________I met.
I will never forget the day ___________we spent together.
考点三：非限制性从句
判断下面两个句子是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。
1. I lost all the money you lent me yesterday.
2. I lost all the money, without which I had to walk home.
例3．【单句填空】
1.Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health.
2.But Sarah, has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
3.My connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, I was the first Western TV reporter.
【答案与解析】
1.which 分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,且从句中缺少主语,故填which。
2.who 先行词是Sarah,从句中缺少主语,所以应该用who。
3.when 由句子结构可以判断空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是表示时间的mid-1980s,从句中缺少状语,因此填关系副词when。
考点四：介词+关系代词which/whom
1） This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for.
2） The babies (whom/who/that)the nurse is looking after are very healthy.
3） He loves his parents deeply, all of whom are very kind to him.
IV. 介词+关系代词引导定语从句的用法
关系代词在定语从句中做介词的宾语时，可用介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导定语从句
1. Do you like the book ___________she spent $10?
2. Do you like the book ___________she paid $10?
3. Do you like the book ___________ she learned a lot?
4. Do you like the book ______________ she often talks?
5. He built a telescope ______________ he could study the skies.
6. There is a tall tree outside, _____________ stands our teacher.
7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest ___________ is the Yellow River.
8. The tower _____________ people can have a good view is on the hill.
9. The man ____________ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at writing.
10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most ________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
11. He gave me some novels _____ ______ I am not very familiar.
12. I still remember the day ___ _____ I first got to Paris.
答案：1. on which 2. for which 3. from which 4. about which 5. through which
6. on which 7. of which 8. on which 9. to whom 10. of which
with which 12. on which
练习：
1)The plane in ______we flew to Canada was really comfortable.
A, which B, whom C, that
2) The man with ________you talked just now is my neighbor.
A, who B, whom C, that
(3）Wind power is an ancient source of energy ___ we may return in the near future.
A on which B by which C to which D from which
(4） By nine o'clock ,all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mountain Qomolangma . _____ appeared a rare rainbow soon.
A of which B on which C from which D above which
总结：介词的判定方法
A.依据定语从句中动词的某种习惯搭配
Mr. Smith bought a new house on which he spent all his money.
B.依据先行词的某种习惯搭配确定
There was no way in which it could be bought back to the earth. ( in this way)
C.根据所表达的意思确定
The gas with which doctors can save the patients is called oxygen.
The gas without which we can not live is called oxygen.
拓展： the way用做先行词
填上合适的关系词并分析原因：
1. The way _________________he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.
2. The way _________________he explained to us was quite simple.
高考题链接：
3. What surprised me was not what he said but _____ he said it. （04湖北）
A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which
5. The way ______he answered the questions was surprising.
A, / B, which C, that D, in which
【真题演练】
定语从句专练
1.I had a concert ticket for a show that I couldn't attend it.
【答案】将attend后的it去掉
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：我有一张演出的票，我不能去看。在定语从句中that已经指代了show，所以不需要用it。故将it去掉。
2.Senior family members, especially parents, should create an atmosphere ________ children can be encouraged to pour out their heart happily.
A. that B. where C. what D. which
【答案】B
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：家庭长辈，尤其是父母，应该营造一种氛围，鼓励孩子们快乐地倾诉心声。分析可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词atmosphere，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以用where引导。故选B项。
3.Learning another language is like stepping out of a door, ______I can look back and see more clearly my own language.
A．By which B．through which C．which D．on which
【答案】B
【解析】
考查定语从句和介词辨析。句意：学习另外一种语言就好像跨出了一扇房门，通过它，我可以回顾并且更加清楚地明白自己的语言。分析可知，空格处引导定语从句，根据句意可知，通过这扇门，先行词door做through“通过”的宾语，指物，用冠词代词which，by表示方式，on“在……上面”不符合句意，故选B。
4.You may think of giving up study, in ____________ case just think it over before making the decision.
A. that B. which C. whose D. where
【答案】B
【解析】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：你可能会考虑放弃学习，在那种情况下，好好想想再做决定。分析句子可知，此句为非限制性定语从句，此空位于介词“in”后面，指代主句“You may think of giving up study”，应用关系代词“which”。故选B项。
5.________ is widely accepted, in the Middle East Arabs greet each other by touching noses, but this is not a polite way of greeting in other cultures.
A. As B. It C. Which D. What
【答案】A
【解析】
考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：在中东，阿拉伯人通过互摸鼻子来打招呼，这在其他文化中是不礼貌的。分析可知，________ is widely accepted在句中为定语从句，从句缺少主语，指代整个句子“in the Middle East Arabs greet each other by touching noses”，结合选项，as和which都可以指代整个句子，在引导非限制性定语从句时，which引导的非限制性定语从句置于主句之后，as引导的从句则可以置于句首。故选A。
6.Go for a walk in the countryside, you can enjoy the beautiful views and a peaceful atmosphere.
A. when B. which C. where D. what
【答案】C
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：去乡村散步，在那里你可以欣赏美丽风景和宁静的气氛。分析句子可知，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the countryside（地点名词），关系词在从句中充当地点状语，应用关系副词where。故选C项。
7.I think you've got to the point________ a change is needed, otherwise you'll fail.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
【答案】B
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：我认为你已经到了需要改变的地步，否则你会失败的。分析可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰的先行词为地点名词the point，且引导词在从句中做地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故选B项。
8.Swimming is good for teenagers, ________ some experts say will help them to stimulate their potential and promote their brain development.
A. which B. why C. Whom D. what
【答案】A
【解析】
考查非限制性定语从句。句意：游泳对青少年有好处，一些专家说，这将帮助他们激发潜能，促进他们的大脑发展。分析句子成分可知，“________ some experts say will help them to….”为非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句“Swimming is good for teenagers(游泳对青少年有好处)”，所设空处可译为“这件事/这一点”，并在该句中充当宾语从句中的主语，故应用which，故选A。
9.Sales director is a position________ communication ability is just as important as sales.
A. which B. where C. when D. why
【答案】B
【解析】
考查定语从句的关系词。句意：销售经理是一个职位,在这个职位上,交流能力和销售能力一样重要。分析句子可知，本句为限制性定语从句，position 为先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为where。故选B。
10.Children, in my opinion,____creative ability is unbelievably rich, should be trained in that area.
A. which B. what C. who D. whose
【答案】D
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：在我看来，孩子们的创造能力丰富得令人难以置信，应该在这个领域进行训练。A. which先行词是人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语；B. what引导名词性从句，在从句中作主语或宾语；C. who先行词是人，在从句中作主语或宾语；D. whose先行词是人或物，在从句中作定语。分析句子结构，结合句意可知，“____creative ability is unbelievably rich”在名词Children后面作修饰成分，是非限制性定语从句，又因先行词Children和creative ability之间是所属关系，关系词在从句中作定语，用whose引导该从句。故选D。
11.Communication technology has entered the 5G era,________will surely bring great changes to our life.
A. when B. what C. which D. where
【答案】C
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：通信技术已经进入了5G时代，这必将给我们的生活带来巨大的变化。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，从句中缺少主语，故应用关系代词which引导。故选C。
12.My mother is the busiest person in the family, which always has a lot of housework to do.
【答案】which→who
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意同上。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词my mother，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故将which改为who。
13.I have a pet cat, which name is Lucky. She has white hair and two big eyes.
【答案】which→whose
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：我有一只宠物猫，名字叫Lucky。分析句子结构可知，此句为定语从句，先行词cat在从句中作名词name的定语，故将which改为whose。
14.Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, ________ the audience can buy icecream.
A. when B. where
C. that D. which
【答案】A
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：在音乐会两部分之间有间隙时间，那个时候观众可以买冰激凌。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为interval(幕间休息)，连接词在定语从句中做时间状语，应使用关系副词when引导。故选A。
15.In the dark street, they wasn’t a single person, _______ she could turn for help.
A. to whom B. whom C. to which D. which
【答案】A
【解析】
考查非限制性定语从句。句意：在黑暗的街道上，没有一个人是她可以求助的。分析可知，“_______ she could turn for help”应是之前名词“a single person”的非限制性定语从句，将先行词还原，从句应是：she could turn to a single person for help，其中，turn to sb. for help，固定短语，“向某人求助”，因此先行词在从句中作to的宾语，应用关系代词whom，从句中缺少固定短语介词“to”，可将其放置whom前，构成“介词+关系代词”结构引导从句，即to whom。故选A项。
16.We live in this society now __________ actually someone is always helping.
A. when B. where C. that D. what
【答案】B
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：我们现在生活的社会里，总有人在帮忙。分析题意，空格处引导定语从句从句部分缺状语，故此处的关系词应用关系副词。定语从句的先行词为“society”，表示地点，故用关系副词where。故选B项。
17.We will always remember the moment _______ my classmate Li Chong crossed the finish line.
A. when B. where C. that D. whose
【答案】A
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：我们将永远记得我的同学李冲冲过终点线的那一刻。此处为定语从句修饰先行词moment ，且先行词在从句中作时间状语，故应用关系副词when引导 。故选A。
18."The thirst for knowledge is the strongest __________ there is a barrier," says the president of the ltalian Union of the Blind．
A. which B. where C. since D. unless
【答案】B
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：意大利盲人联盟的总统说:“在有障碍的地方，对知识的渴望是最强的。”分析句子可知，主句the strongest后省略了place，并且__________ there is a barrier为定语从句，修饰先行词place，关系词在从句中做地点状语，应用where。故选B。
19.Between the two halves of the football game is a 15-minute break, __________ the audience can have a rest．
A. when B. where C. which D. that
【答案】A
【解析】
考查定语从句的引导词。句意：足球比赛两半场之间有15分钟的休息时间，观众可以休息。分析句子可知__________ the audience can have a rest为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词break，关系词在从句中做时间状语，用when。故选A。
20.After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，______ turned out to be a wise decision.
A. that B. which
C. when D. where
【答案】B
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：大学毕业之后，我花了些时间去旅游，结果证明是明智的选择。句中which引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面一件事，在从句中做主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故选B。
21.I can’t help but remember the precious child ______ smile has brought me countless hours of joy throughout the years.
A. whose B. who C. whom D. of which
【答案】A
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：我不禁想起那个可爱的孩子，多年来，她/他的微笑给我带来了很多欢乐。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是child，关系词代替它在从句中充当smile的定语，应用关系代词whose。故选A。
22.Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually.
A. that B. where
C. which D. whose
【答案】B
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：Stephen Hawking认为地球不可能是生命逐渐发展的唯一星球。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the only planet，定语从句缺少地点状语，用where引导定语从句，故选B。
23.There was a long wait at the reception desk, ______ everyone was checking in.
A. why B. which C. whom D. where
【答案】D
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：接待处前排起了常常的队伍，每个人都在登记。分析句子的可知，the reception desk为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，所以关系副词为where。故选D项。
24.The 2020 China International Fair for Trade in services, ______ theme is “Global Services, Shared Prosperity”, attracted worldwide attention.
A. its B. whose C. which D. where
【答案】B
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：以“全球服务，共享繁荣”为主题的2020年中国国际服务贸易博览会吸引了全世界的关注。分析句子可知，两个逗号之间为定语从句，先行词为名词短语The 2020 China International Fair for Trade in services，空格处应用关系代词whose修饰名词theme，引导从句，意为“某人或某物的”此处指“洽谈会的（主题）”作定语。故选B项。
25.Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
A. that B. where
C. which D. when
【答案】B
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：无人驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。故选B。
【过关检测】
1.Prince William took a visit to the Forbidden City on March 2, emperors once lived.
2.We have a living room,two bedrooms with wonderful balconies and a kitchen, my mom always cooks great delicious food.
3.Looking at the spot the bird had risen,I saw two eggs.
4.The heart-warming story began in September last year a woman asked the primary school in her neighborhood to accept her six-year-old son.
5.Water rafting, courage plays an important role, is a breathtaking outdoor sport.
6.He worked in a car factory for four years,after he founded his own company in his hometown.
7.If the earth is poisoned,the water,the food and the animals will be poisoned, means that we who poison the earth will be poisoned too.
8.There,lying in the muddy river bed was a little dog about two months old, front legs were tightly tied with ropes.
9.The stadium is very splendid and attractive in appearance, may be imagined.
10.Now their talks have reached a key stage one side must give in to the other.
11.He wrote a long letter he explained what had happened in the accident.
12.We are hoping for support from Mr Webster,without support we can’t make it.
13.Some of the teachers at the college asked Dr Naismith to invent a game can be played indoors.
14.Sierra Leone is a country basic health facilities are lacking and many people are struggling with poverty.
15.Those motorcycles, a huge umbrella is fixed,are a huge threat to people walking in the street.
16.I’m sorry not to have replied to your letter earlier,for ,I must say,I apologize.
17.Almost every teenager will experience a period in their life they aren’t content with their parents.
18.Once there lived a rich man wanted to do something for the people of his town.
19.We’ve reached the Nullabor Plain stretches for 1,000 km and is completely flat.
20.Without thinking too much about it,I went to the Student Affairs Office, I knew I could find clothes in the “Lost and Found” box.
【答案与解析】
1.where the Forbidden City是先行词,空格处在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
2.where 先行词为kitchen,空格处在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
3.where 先行词为spot,空格处在定语从句中作地点状语,故填where。
4.when 先行词为September,空格处在定语从句中作时间状语,故填when。
5.where 此处引导非限制性定语从句。从句中缺少状语,用where表示模糊的地点概念。
6.which 分析句子结构可知,逗号后是一个非限制性定语从句,关系代词跟在介词后面充当宾语,故用which。
7.which 关系代词在定语从句中作主语,故用which。
8.whose 先行词为dog,将先行词代入定语从句后为“The little dog?s front legs were tightly tied with ropes.”。 由此可见在从句中front legs缺少定语,故用whose。
9.as 本题考查的是as引导的非限制性定语从句,此时as指代的是整个主句,在从句中担当主语,意思是“正如……”。
10.where 先行词是stage,从句是完整的句子,先行词表示模糊的地点概念,在从句中作状语,故用where引导。
11.where 先行词是letter,从句意思完整,不缺少成分,所以此处填关系副词where,表示“在信中”。
12.whose 先行词是Mr Webster,作support的定语,所以用whose。
13.that/which 先行词为game,关系代词在定语从句中作主语,且指物,故用that或which引导。
14.where 先行词为country,关系副词在定语从句中作地点状语,故答案为where。
15.where 先行词为motorcycles,关系副词在定语从句中作地点状语,故用where引导,表示“在摩托车上”。
16.which 从句中I must say为插入语,可忽略不计。分析定语从句可知,关系代词在定语从句中作介词for的宾语,故答案为which。
17.when 先行词为period,将先行词代入从句后为“They aren?t content with their parents in a period.”。 由此可见,关系副词在定语从句中作时间状语,故答案为when。
18.who 根据设空处前后的结构分析可知,空格处引导定语从句修饰man,由于先行词指人且从句缺少主语,故用who。
19.which/that 分析句子结构可知,设空处后面的句子是Nullabor Plain的定语,所填词引导该从句并在从句中作主语,先行词表示物,故用which或that。
20.where 分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句修饰表示地点的the Student Affairs Office,从句缺少地点状语,故填where。
语法填空
In China, food deliverymen are always in a rush between traffic regardless of wind or rain. ____1____ they make our life more convenient, this can come at ____2____ cost for them. On food delivery service platforms, the time limit is calculated by an algorithm （算法）.But it doesn't consider real-life ____3____（ situation）, such as red lights and speed limits. For deliverymen, delay means a decrease in pay. So they speed up and often break traffic rules, ____4____ （put） not only their own lives at risk, but also the lives of others. Many people scolded and asked the platforms to improve the regulations on delivery. ____5____ response, Eleme announced it would add a button to the app, ____6____ allows customers to extend the time limit. But this created more ____7____（ heat） debate, as some felt the company was distracting attention. The Shanghai Customer Council commented that the move was not reasonable, adding that the problems should ____8____（settle） between the companies and their employees. Also, even with the ability ____9____（ allow） more time for delivery, some users felt this would not _____10_____ （full） address the problems.
1. Although/Though/While 2. a 3. situations 4. putting 5. In
6. which 7. heated 8. be settled 9. to allow 10. fully
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述快递员由于受平台时间限制经常违反交通规则，威胁自己和他人的生命，许多人批评并要求快递平台完善规则，Eleme宣布将在应用程序中添加一个按钮，允许用户延长时间限制，引起更多热议。
1.考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然他们使我们的生活更方便，但他们要付出很大代价。分析句子可知，设空处引导的是让步状语从句，设空处为引导词，故填Although/Though/While。
2.考查固定短语。句意：同上。分析句子可知，短语at a cost，意为“以......为代价”，根据句意，故填a。
3.考查名词。句意：但它没有考虑现实生活中的情况，如红灯和限速。分析句子可知，设空处为consider的宾语，应用名词，描述的是各种现实情况，应用复数形式，故填situations。
4.考查现在分词。句意：所以他们加速，经常违反交通规则，不仅把自己的生命置于危险之中，也把他人的生命置于危险之中。分析句子可知，设空处为非谓语动词，作状语，和主语之间是主动关系，应用put的现在分词，故填putting。
5.考查固定短语。句意：作为回应，Eleme宣布将在应用程序中添加一个按钮，允许用户延长时间限制。短语in response，意为“作为回应”，根据句意，故填In。
6.考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句子可知，____6____ allows customers to extend the time limit为非限制性定语从句，设空处为引导词，指代前面的句子，故填which。
7.考查形容词。 句意：但这引发了更激烈的争论，因为一些人认为该公司分散了人们的注意力。分析句子可知，设空处修饰名词，应用heat的形容词作定语，故填heated。
8.考查语态。 句意：上海客户协会评论说，此举不合理，并补充说，问题应该在公司和员工之间解决。分析句子可知，设空处为谓语，接在情态动词should后，应用动词原形，主语和谓语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填be settled。
9.考查不定式。 句意：此外，即使有能力允许更多的时间投递，一些用户认为这不能完全解决问题。the ability to do sth“有做某事的能力”，故填to allow。
10.考查副词。 句意：同上。分析句子可知，设空处修饰动词address，应用full的副词形式作状语，故填fully。
第04讲 定语从句
【学习目标】
1. 区别关系代词和关系副词的判定。
2. 掌握非限制性从句的用法。
【基础知识】
定语是什么？
基本概念：
(1) 定语从句：在主从复合句中用作定语的从句叫定语从句。
定语从句一般紧接在先行词后面。
(2) 先行词：被定语从句修饰的成份。
先行词可以为一个词，短语，或整个主句。
(3) 关系词：引导定语从句的词叫关系词，分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系词的作用：
A. 引导定语从句，连接主句和从句，相当于一个连词；
B. 必在从句中作某个句子成份
C, 指代先行词
关系词
指代人或物
定语从句中充当的成分
关系
代词
that
人或物
主语、宾语、表语
which
物或主句内容
主语、宾语
who
人
主语或宾语
whom
人
宾语
whose
人或物
定语
关系
副词
when
时间
状语
where
地点
状语
why
原因
状语
定语从句三步曲：
第一找出先行词；
第二找出定语从句
第三看先行词在定语从句中的语法功能（做主语、宾语或状语）；
结构：名词/代词（先行词）+关系代词/副词+定语从句
【考点剖析】
考点一：关系代词
考向1：关系代词基本用法
1. 指人时可以用who，也可用that。
1） The man who/that lives next to us is a policeman.
2） Do you know the girl who/that is in red?
2. 指物时可以用which，也可用that。
1) I like music that/which I can dance to.
2) What do you think of the movie that/which was shown last night?
活学活用：
1. I love singers . Singers write their own songs.
改写：
who在从句中用作主语。
2. He is the man . I met the man yesterday.
改写：
who在从句中用作宾语。
3. I like music. I can dance to music.
改写：
that在从句中用作宾语。
4. I prefer a sandwich. A sandwich is really delicious.
改写：
that在从句中用作主语。
注意：1）that 和who 在句中做主语时不能省略，做宾语时可以省略。
I like music (that) I can dance to.
He is the man (who) I met yesterday.
2）定语从句中谓语动词的单复数应与先行词保持一致.
I prefer movies that are scary.
I like a sandwich that is really delicious.
I love singers who are beautiful.
I have a friend who plays sports.
3. Whose可以指人，也可以指物。
whose 在定语从句中作定语。
1） She is a beautiful girl whose hair is brown.
2） There is a desk whose legs are broken.
难点：whose: 属格，在从句中作定语，可指人也可指物。
“whose + 名词 = the + 名词 + of which”。
N1 + whose +N2 = N1, the N2 of which
活学活用：
1、 Look out ! Don't get too close to the house _______ roof is under repair.
Look out ! Don't get too close to the house，the roof_______ is under repair.
A. whose B. which C. of which D. what
2、Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, _______ was very reasonable.
Recently I bought an ancient Chinese vase, and _______ was very reasonable.
A. which price B. the price of which C. its price D. the price of whose
4. 关系代词做宾语时可以省略。
1) I like the book that/which/省略 my mother bought yesterday.
2) Do you know the girl who/whom/that/省略 we talked about just now?
5.先行词是主句内容或物，只能用as的情况。
定语从句
区别
例句
限制性定语从句中
名词前有such和the same修饰时，关系代词用
as,不能用which
He is not such a fool as he looks.
Don’t read such books as you can’t understand.
非限制性定语从句中
as和which都可以指代前面整个主句。如果有
“正如，象”的含义，并可以放在主句前，也
可以放在后面，那么用as；而which引导的从
句只能放主句后，并无“正如”的意思。
They won the game, as we had expected.
They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.
As is well known, he is a famous film star in the1980s.
例1．【单句填空】
用as\that\which填空。
1. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift.
2. It is such a big stone _____ nobody can lift it.
3. ______ is known to all, he is the best student.
4. Jim passed the driving test, _____ surprised everybody in the office.
考向2：关系代词的特殊用法
考点1：先行词是人，只能用who,不能用that的情况。
1） 指人的不定代词做先行词时，只能用who.
We should help anyone who is in need.
2） 非限制性定语从句中，逗号与指人的先行词隔开的句子，只能用who.
I’m Li Hua, who is studying in London during the summer vacation.
考点2：先行词是物，只能用which，不能用that的情况。
1） 介词+which
There are two chairs in the room, both of which are broken.
2） 非限制性定语从句中，逗号与指物的先行词隔开的句子，只能用which
They won the game, which we hadn’t expected.
考点3：先行词是人或物，只能用that，不能用which或who的情况。
（1）先行词被形容词最高级、序数词及 only、any、few、little、no、all、one of等修饰时。
1) I will tell him all that you told me at the ball.
2) The only thing that we could do was to wait.
3) The first place that we visited was the Great Wall.
（2）先行词为all、much、little、none、few、one、something、anything,everything等不定代词时。
The girl handed everything that she had picked up in the street to the police.
（3）先行词中既有人又有物时。
He was looking pleasantly at the children and books that filled his bus.
（4）先行词在主句中作表语,关系词在从句中作表语时。
The village is no longer the one that it was 5 years ago.
（5）当主句中含有疑问词which时。
Which are the books that you bought for me ?
考点二：关系副词
关系副词有when,where, why三个， 在定语从句中一般作状语。
2. 关系副词的作用
关系词
指代人或物
定语从句中充当的成分
关系
副词
when
时间
状语
where
地点
状语
why
原因
状语
二． 考点精讲：
考向1：关系副词的基本用法
when 在定语从句中作时间状语。
I will never forget the day when I joined the League.
where 在定语从句中作地点状语。
This is the place where he was born.
why 在定语从句中作原因状语。
We don’t know the reason why he came late.
注意：关系副词=介词+关系代词
1. When=介词+which
1) I still remember the day ________________________I came to the school for the first time.
我仍然记得我第一次来到这所学校的那一天
2) The time _____________________________we get together finally arrived.我们团聚的时刻终于到了
注意：Gone are the days when...
2. Why =for+which
The reason why .....is that....
1） Please tell me the reason________________________you missed your flight.
请告诉我你误机的原因
2） The reason ___________________________you were punished is unknown to us.
他受惩罚的原因我们都不知道
3. Where=介词+which
1） Is this the place ________you visited?
2） Is this place ___________you visited?
3） Is this the place _________you lived?
A, where B, which C, the one D, one
考向2： 关系副词的特殊情况
A. 一些特殊词之后的where
where引导的定语从句先行词大多数情况下是表示地点的名词，但也有特殊情况。
1. I’ve come to the point where I can’t stand him. 我已经到了无法容忍他的地步了。
2. The country is in the situation where a war will break out at any time. 国家正处在随时有可能爆发战争的局势中。
难点：如果定语从句分别修饰point, situation, part, condition和case等表示抽象意义的词，常用where 引导，意思是“到了某种地步，在某种境况中” 。
活学活用：
1.We are trying to reach a point ____ both sides will sit down together and talk.
A. which B. that C. where D. when
2. ---Do you have anything to say for yourself?
---Yes, there’s one point ____ we must insist on .
A. why B. where C. how D. /
3.Great changes are taking place in the city ______they live.
4.The reason ___________he refused the invitation is quite clear.
B. occasion“时机”作先行词时，常用关系副词when。
occasion“场合”作先行词时，常用关系副词where。
1. Occasions are quite rare when I have the time to spend a time with my kids.
2. Please describe an occasion where you met with real difficulties.
考向3. the way用做先行词，并且关系词在从句中作状语时，关系词用in which/that/省略
填上合适的关系词并分析原因：
1. The way _________________he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.
2. The way _________________he explained to us was quite simple.
3. What surprised me was not what he said but _____ he said it.
A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which
4. The way ______he answered the questions was surprising.
A, / B, which C, that D, in which
考向4： 关系副词的选择技巧：一断，二找，三放
1. 先判断句子是否是定语从句，若是， 断开主句从句部分。
2. 找先行词指什么：人，物或其他。
3. 放先行词于从句作什么成分，以判断应选关系代词或关系副词。 如果后面从句不完整，缺主语，宾语或定语时，就用关系代词。如果后面从句是完整的，不缺主语，宾语或定语，作状语时就用关系副词。
例2．【单句填空】
1. The reason __________he did it is not clear.
The reason __________he gave to the teacher is unbelievable.
2. I will never forget the day_________I met.
I will never forget the day ___________we spent together.
考点三：非限制性从句
判断下面两个句子是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句。
1. I lost all the money you lent me yesterday.
2. I lost all the money, without which I had to walk home.
例3．【单句填空】
1.Like anything, it is possible to have too much of both, is not good for the health.
2.But Sarah, has taken part in shows along with top models, wants to prove that she has brains as well as beauty.
3.My connection with pandas goes back to my days on a TV show in the mid-1980s, I was the first Western TV reporter.
【答案与解析】
1.which 分析句子结构可知,空格处引导非限制性定语从句,且从句中缺少主语,故填which。
2.who 先行词是Sarah,从句中缺少主语,所以应该用who。
3.when 由句子结构可以判断空格处引导非限制性定语从句,先行词是表示时间的mid-1980s,从句中缺少状语,因此填关系副词when。
考点四：介词+关系代词which/whom
1） This is the watch (which/that) I am looking for.
2） The babies (whom/who/that)the nurse is looking after are very healthy.
3） He loves his parents deeply, all of whom are very kind to him.
IV. 介词+关系代词引导定语从句的用法
关系代词在定语从句中做介词的宾语时，可用介词+关系代词（whom/which）引导定语从句
1. Do you like the book ___________she spent $10?
2. Do you like the book ___________she paid $10?
3. Do you like the book ___________ she learned a lot?
4. Do you like the book ______________ she often talks?
5. He built a telescope ______________ he could study the skies.
6. There is a tall tree outside, _____________ stands our teacher.
7. China has a lot of rivers, the second longest ___________ is the Yellow River.
8. The tower _____________ people can have a good view is on the hill.
9. The man ____________ I spoke on the phone last night is very good at writing.
10. He paid the boy $10 for washing ten windows, most ________ hadn’t been cleaned for at least a year.
11. He gave me some novels _____ ______ I am not very familiar.
12. I still remember the day ___ _____ I first got to Paris.
答案：1. on which 2. for which 3. from which 4. about which 5. through which
6. on which 7. of which 8. on which 9. to whom 10. of which
with which 12. on which
练习：
1)The plane in ______we flew to Canada was really comfortable.
A, which B, whom C, that
2) The man with ________you talked just now is my neighbor.
A, who B, whom C, that
(3）Wind power is an ancient source of energy ___ we may return in the near future.
A on which B by which C to which D from which
(4） By nine o'clock ,all the Olympic torch bearers had reached the top of Mountain Qomolangma . _____ appeared a rare rainbow soon.
A of which B on which C from which D above which
总结：介词的判定方法
A.依据定语从句中动词的某种习惯搭配
Mr. Smith bought a new house on which he spent all his money.
B.依据先行词的某种习惯搭配确定
There was no way in which it could be bought back to the earth. ( in this way)
C.根据所表达的意思确定
The gas with which doctors can save the patients is called oxygen.
The gas without which we can not live is called oxygen.
拓展： the way用做先行词
填上合适的关系词并分析原因：
1. The way _________________he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.
2. The way _________________he explained to us was quite simple.
高考题链接：
3. What surprised me was not what he said but _____ he said it. （04湖北）
A. the way B. in the way that C. in the way D. the way which
5. The way ______he answered the questions was surprising.
A, / B, which C, that D, in which
【真题演练】
定语从句专练
1.I had a concert ticket for a show that I couldn't attend it.
【答案】将attend后的it去掉
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：我有一张演出的票，我不能去看。在定语从句中that已经指代了show，所以不需要用it。故将it去掉。
2.Senior family members, especially parents, should create an atmosphere ________ children can be encouraged to pour out their heart happily.
A. that B. where C. what D. which
【答案】B
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：家庭长辈，尤其是父母，应该营造一种氛围，鼓励孩子们快乐地倾诉心声。分析可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰先行词atmosphere，且关系词在从句中作地点状语，所以用where引导。故选B项。
3.Learning another language is like stepping out of a door, ______I can look back and see more clearly my own language.
A．By which B．through which C．which D．on which
【答案】B
【解析】
考查定语从句和介词辨析。句意：学习另外一种语言就好像跨出了一扇房门，通过它，我可以回顾并且更加清楚地明白自己的语言。分析可知，空格处引导定语从句，根据句意可知，通过这扇门，先行词door做through“通过”的宾语，指物，用冠词代词which，by表示方式，on“在……上面”不符合句意，故选B。
4.You may think of giving up study, in ____________ case just think it over before making the decision.
A. that B. which C. whose D. where
【答案】B
【解析】
考查定语从句关系词。句意：你可能会考虑放弃学习，在那种情况下，好好想想再做决定。分析句子可知，此句为非限制性定语从句，此空位于介词“in”后面，指代主句“You may think of giving up study”，应用关系代词“which”。故选B项。
5.________ is widely accepted, in the Middle East Arabs greet each other by touching noses, but this is not a polite way of greeting in other cultures.
A. As B. It C. Which D. What
【答案】A
【解析】
考查as引导的非限制性定语从句。句意：在中东，阿拉伯人通过互摸鼻子来打招呼，这在其他文化中是不礼貌的。分析可知，________ is widely accepted在句中为定语从句，从句缺少主语，指代整个句子“in the Middle East Arabs greet each other by touching noses”，结合选项，as和which都可以指代整个句子，在引导非限制性定语从句时，which引导的非限制性定语从句置于主句之后，as引导的从句则可以置于句首。故选A。
6.Go for a walk in the countryside, you can enjoy the beautiful views and a peaceful atmosphere.
A. when B. which C. where D. what
【答案】C
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：去乡村散步，在那里你可以欣赏美丽风景和宁静的气氛。分析句子可知，逗号后为非限制性定语从句，先行词为the countryside（地点名词），关系词在从句中充当地点状语，应用关系副词where。故选C项。
7.I think you've got to the point________ a change is needed, otherwise you'll fail.
A. when B. where C. that D. which
【答案】B
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：我认为你已经到了需要改变的地步，否则你会失败的。分析可知，空处引导定语从句，修饰的先行词为地点名词the point，且引导词在从句中做地点状语，所以用关系副词where引导。故选B项。
8.Swimming is good for teenagers, ________ some experts say will help them to stimulate their potential and promote their brain development.
A. which B. why C. Whom D. what
【答案】A
【解析】
考查非限制性定语从句。句意：游泳对青少年有好处，一些专家说，这将帮助他们激发潜能，促进他们的大脑发展。分析句子成分可知，“________ some experts say will help them to….”为非限制性定语从句，修饰整个主句“Swimming is good for teenagers(游泳对青少年有好处)”，所设空处可译为“这件事/这一点”，并在该句中充当宾语从句中的主语，故应用which，故选A。
9.Sales director is a position________ communication ability is just as important as sales.
A. which B. where C. when D. why
【答案】B
【解析】
考查定语从句的关系词。句意：销售经理是一个职位,在这个职位上,交流能力和销售能力一样重要。分析句子可知，本句为限制性定语从句，position 为先行词，在定语从句中作地点状语，关系副词为where。故选B。
10.Children, in my opinion,____creative ability is unbelievably rich, should be trained in that area.
A. which B. what C. who D. whose
【答案】D
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：在我看来，孩子们的创造能力丰富得令人难以置信，应该在这个领域进行训练。A. which先行词是人或物，在从句中作主语或宾语；B. what引导名词性从句，在从句中作主语或宾语；C. who先行词是人，在从句中作主语或宾语；D. whose先行词是人或物，在从句中作定语。分析句子结构，结合句意可知，“____creative ability is unbelievably rich”在名词Children后面作修饰成分，是非限制性定语从句，又因先行词Children和creative ability之间是所属关系，关系词在从句中作定语，用whose引导该从句。故选D。
11.Communication technology has entered the 5G era,________will surely bring great changes to our life.
A. when B. what C. which D. where
【答案】C
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：通信技术已经进入了5G时代，这必将给我们的生活带来巨大的变化。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰上文整个句子，从句中缺少主语，故应用关系代词which引导。故选C。
12.My mother is the busiest person in the family, which always has a lot of housework to do.
【答案】which→who
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意同上。此处引导非限制性定语从句，先行词my mother，指人，在定语从句中作主语，需用关系代词who引导。故将which改为who。
13.I have a pet cat, which name is Lucky. She has white hair and two big eyes.
【答案】which→whose
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：我有一只宠物猫，名字叫Lucky。分析句子结构可知，此句为定语从句，先行词cat在从句中作名词name的定语，故将which改为whose。
14.Between the two parts of the concert is an interval, ________ the audience can buy icecream.
A. when B. where
C. that D. which
【答案】A
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：在音乐会两部分之间有间隙时间，那个时候观众可以买冰激凌。此处是非限定性定语从句，先行词为interval(幕间休息)，连接词在定语从句中做时间状语，应使用关系副词when引导。故选A。
15.In the dark street, they wasn’t a single person, _______ she could turn for help.
A. to whom B. whom C. to which D. which
【答案】A
【解析】
考查非限制性定语从句。句意：在黑暗的街道上，没有一个人是她可以求助的。分析可知，“_______ she could turn for help”应是之前名词“a single person”的非限制性定语从句，将先行词还原，从句应是：she could turn to a single person for help，其中，turn to sb. for help，固定短语，“向某人求助”，因此先行词在从句中作to的宾语，应用关系代词whom，从句中缺少固定短语介词“to”，可将其放置whom前，构成“介词+关系代词”结构引导从句，即to whom。故选A项。
16.We live in this society now __________ actually someone is always helping.
A. when B. where C. that D. what
【答案】B
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：我们现在生活的社会里，总有人在帮忙。分析题意，空格处引导定语从句从句部分缺状语，故此处的关系词应用关系副词。定语从句的先行词为“society”，表示地点，故用关系副词where。故选B项。
17.We will always remember the moment _______ my classmate Li Chong crossed the finish line.
A. when B. where C. that D. whose
【答案】A
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：我们将永远记得我的同学李冲冲过终点线的那一刻。此处为定语从句修饰先行词moment ，且先行词在从句中作时间状语，故应用关系副词when引导 。故选A。
18."The thirst for knowledge is the strongest __________ there is a barrier," says the president of the ltalian Union of the Blind．
A. which B. where C. since D. unless
【答案】B
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：意大利盲人联盟的总统说:“在有障碍的地方，对知识的渴望是最强的。”分析句子可知，主句the strongest后省略了place，并且__________ there is a barrier为定语从句，修饰先行词place，关系词在从句中做地点状语，应用where。故选B。
19.Between the two halves of the football game is a 15-minute break, __________ the audience can have a rest．
A. when B. where C. which D. that
【答案】A
【解析】
考查定语从句的引导词。句意：足球比赛两半场之间有15分钟的休息时间，观众可以休息。分析句子可知__________ the audience can have a rest为非限制性定语从句，修饰先行词break，关系词在从句中做时间状语，用when。故选A。
20.After graduating from college，I took some time off to go travelling，______ turned out to be a wise decision.
A. that B. which
C. when D. where
【答案】B
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：大学毕业之后，我花了些时间去旅游，结果证明是明智的选择。句中which引导非限定性定语从句，指代前面一件事，在从句中做主语，that不能引导非限制性定语从句。故选B。
21.I can’t help but remember the precious child ______ smile has brought me countless hours of joy throughout the years.
A. whose B. who C. whom D. of which
【答案】A
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：我不禁想起那个可爱的孩子，多年来，她/他的微笑给我带来了很多欢乐。分析句子可知，设空处引导定语从句，先行词是child，关系词代替它在从句中充当smile的定语，应用关系代词whose。故选A。
22.Stephen Hawking believes that the earth is unlikely to be the only planet life has developed gradually.
A. that B. where
C. which D. whose
【答案】B
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：Stephen Hawking认为地球不可能是生命逐渐发展的唯一星球。分析句子可知，空格处引导定语从句，先行词是the only planet，定语从句缺少地点状语，用where引导定语从句，故选B。
23.There was a long wait at the reception desk, ______ everyone was checking in.
A. why B. which C. whom D. where
【答案】D
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：接待处前排起了常常的队伍，每个人都在登记。分析句子的可知，the reception desk为先行词，在后面的定语从句中作地点状语，所以关系副词为where。故选D项。
24.The 2020 China International Fair for Trade in services, ______ theme is “Global Services, Shared Prosperity”, attracted worldwide attention.
A. its B. whose C. which D. where
【答案】B
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：以“全球服务，共享繁荣”为主题的2020年中国国际服务贸易博览会吸引了全世界的关注。分析句子可知，两个逗号之间为定语从句，先行词为名词短语The 2020 China International Fair for Trade in services，空格处应用关系代词whose修饰名词theme，引导从句，意为“某人或某物的”此处指“洽谈会的（主题）”作定语。故选B项。
25.Self-driving is an area _______ China and the rest of the world are on the same starting line.
A. that B. where
C. which D. when
【答案】B
【解析】
考查定语从句。句意：无人驾驶是一个中国和世界其它国家都在同一起跑线的领域。句中先行词为area，在从句中作地点状语，故用关系副词where，相当于in which。故选B。
【过关检测】
1.Prince William took a visit to the Forbidden City on March 2, emperors once lived.
2.We have a living room,two bedrooms with wonderful balconies and a kitchen, my mom always cooks great delicious food.
3.Looking at the spot the bird had risen,I saw two eggs.
4.The heart-warming story began in September last year a woman asked the primary school in her neighborhood to accept her six-year-old son.
5.Water rafting, courage plays an important role, is a breathtaking outdoor sport.
6.He worked in a car factory for four years,after he founded his own company in his hometown.
7.If the earth is poisoned,the water,the food and the animals will be poisoned, means that we who poison the earth will be poisoned too.
8.There,lying in the muddy river bed was a little dog about two months old, front legs were tightly tied with ropes.
9.The stadium is very splendid and attractive in appearance, may be imagined.
10.Now their talks have reached a key stage one side must give in to the other.
11.He wrote a long letter he explained what had happened in the accident.
12.We are hoping for support from Mr Webster,without support we can’t make it.
13.Some of the teachers at the college asked Dr Naismith to invent a game can be played indoors.
14.Sierra Leone is a country basic health facilities are lacking and many people are struggling with poverty.
15.Those motorcycles, a huge umbrella is fixed,are a huge threat to people walking in the street.
16.I’m sorry not to have replied to your letter earlier,for ,I must say,I apologize.
17.Almost every teenager will experience a period in their life they aren’t content with their parents.
18.Once there lived a rich man wanted to do something for the people of his town.
19.We’ve reached the Nullabor Plain stretches for 1,000 km and is completely flat.
20.Without thinking too much about it,I went to the Student Affairs Office, I knew I could find clothes in the “Lost and Found” box.
【答案与解析】
1.where the Forbidden City是先行词,空格处在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
2.where 先行词为kitchen,空格处在从句中作地点状语,故填where。
3.where 先行词为spot,空格处在定语从句中作地点状语,故填where。
4.when 先行词为September,空格处在定语从句中作时间状语,故填when。
5.where 此处引导非限制性定语从句。从句中缺少状语,用where表示模糊的地点概念。
6.which 分析句子结构可知,逗号后是一个非限制性定语从句,关系代词跟在介词后面充当宾语,故用which。
7.which 关系代词在定语从句中作主语,故用which。
8.whose 先行词为dog,将先行词代入定语从句后为“The little dog?s front legs were tightly tied with ropes.”。 由此可见在从句中front legs缺少定语,故用whose。
9.as 本题考查的是as引导的非限制性定语从句,此时as指代的是整个主句,在从句中担当主语,意思是“正如……”。
10.where 先行词是stage,从句是完整的句子,先行词表示模糊的地点概念,在从句中作状语,故用where引导。
11.where 先行词是letter,从句意思完整,不缺少成分,所以此处填关系副词where,表示“在信中”。
12.whose 先行词是Mr Webster,作support的定语,所以用whose。
13.that/which 先行词为game,关系代词在定语从句中作主语,且指物,故用that或which引导。
14.where 先行词为country,关系副词在定语从句中作地点状语,故答案为where。
15.where 先行词为motorcycles,关系副词在定语从句中作地点状语,故用where引导,表示“在摩托车上”。
16.which 从句中I must say为插入语,可忽略不计。分析定语从句可知,关系代词在定语从句中作介词for的宾语,故答案为which。
17.when 先行词为period,将先行词代入从句后为“They aren?t content with their parents in a period.”。 由此可见,关系副词在定语从句中作时间状语,故答案为when。
18.who 根据设空处前后的结构分析可知,空格处引导定语从句修饰man,由于先行词指人且从句缺少主语,故用who。
19.which/that 分析句子结构可知,设空处后面的句子是Nullabor Plain的定语,所填词引导该从句并在从句中作主语,先行词表示物,故用which或that。
20.where 分析句子结构可知,设空处引导定语从句修饰表示地点的the Student Affairs Office,从句缺少地点状语,故填where。
语法填空
In China, food deliverymen are always in a rush between traffic regardless of wind or rain. ____1____ they make our life more convenient, this can come at ____2____ cost for them. On food delivery service platforms, the time limit is calculated by an algorithm （算法）.But it doesn't consider real-life ____3____（ situation）, such as red lights and speed limits. For deliverymen, delay means a decrease in pay. So they speed up and often break traffic rules, ____4____ （put） not only their own lives at risk, but also the lives of others. Many people scolded and asked the platforms to improve the regulations on delivery. ____5____ response, Eleme announced it would add a button to the app, ____6____ allows customers to extend the time limit. But this created more ____7____（ heat） debate, as some felt the company was distracting attention. The Shanghai Customer Council commented that the move was not reasonable, adding that the problems should ____8____（settle） between the companies and their employees. Also, even with the ability ____9____（ allow） more time for delivery, some users felt this would not _____10_____ （full） address the problems.
1. Although/Though/While 2. a 3. situations 4. putting 5. In
6. which 7. heated 8. be settled 9. to allow 10. fully
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述快递员由于受平台时间限制经常违反交通规则，威胁自己和他人的生命，许多人批评并要求快递平台完善规则，Eleme宣布将在应用程序中添加一个按钮，允许用户延长时间限制，引起更多热议。
1.考查让步状语从句。句意：虽然他们使我们的生活更方便，但他们要付出很大代价。分析句子可知，设空处引导的是让步状语从句，设空处为引导词，故填Although/Though/While。
2.考查固定短语。句意：同上。分析句子可知，短语at a cost，意为“以......为代价”，根据句意，故填a。
3.考查名词。句意：但它没有考虑现实生活中的情况，如红灯和限速。分析句子可知，设空处为consider的宾语，应用名词，描述的是各种现实情况，应用复数形式，故填situations。
4.考查现在分词。句意：所以他们加速，经常违反交通规则，不仅把自己的生命置于危险之中，也把他人的生命置于危险之中。分析句子可知，设空处为非谓语动词，作状语，和主语之间是主动关系，应用put的现在分词，故填putting。
5.考查固定短语。句意：作为回应，Eleme宣布将在应用程序中添加一个按钮，允许用户延长时间限制。短语in response，意为“作为回应”，根据句意，故填In。
6.考查定语从句。句意：同上。分析句子可知，____6____ allows customers to extend the time limit为非限制性定语从句，设空处为引导词，指代前面的句子，故填which。
7.考查形容词。 句意：但这引发了更激烈的争论，因为一些人认为该公司分散了人们的注意力。分析句子可知，设空处修饰名词，应用heat的形容词作定语，故填heated。
8.考查语态。 句意：上海客户协会评论说，此举不合理，并补充说，问题应该在公司和员工之间解决。分析句子可知，设空处为谓语，接在情态动词should后，应用动词原形，主语和谓语之间是被动关系，应用被动语态，故填be settled。
9.考查不定式。 句意：此外，即使有能力允许更多的时间投递，一些用户认为这不能完全解决问题。the ability to do sth“有做某事的能力”，故填to allow。
10.考查副词。 句意：同上。分析句子可知，设空处修饰动词address，应用full的副词形式作状语，故填fully。
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