【暑假提升】人教版英语八年级（八升九）暑假-第01讲 现在完成时 讲学案

第01讲 现在完成时

       【学习目标】

1、复习现在完成时的结构及两种用法。

2、掌握现在完成时与一般过去时的区别。

3、掌握现在完成时中的延续性动词的用法

        【基础知识】

1. 现在完成时的构成:

have\has+过去分词 (过去分词的构成有规则变化和不规则变化)

2. 现在完成时的四个基本句型

肯定句        He has finished the work.                

一般疑问句    Has he finished the work?   回答 Yes ,he has.     No, he hasn’t.

否定句        He has not finished the work.    

特殊疑问句    What has he done?     

3.现在完成时的用法:

A．表示过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，强调对现在造成的影想或结果）。

例如：

  The car has arrived. 车子来了。（结果：车子已在门口）

  Someone has broken the window.有人把窗户打破了。（结果：窗户仍破着）

2.   表示过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示从过去某一时刻延续到现在（包括“现在”在内）的一段时间的状语连用,如for+时间段、since+过去的时间点、疑问词how long等。

例如：

 My uncle has worked at this factory for five years.  我叔叔在这个工厂工作已经五年了。

 Mr. Black has lived in China since 2002. 自从2002年Mr. Black 一直住在中国。 

 How long have you been here? 你来这里多久了？

 4.  在下列情形下用现在完成时

(1)、九词语

①already已经  肯定句中或句尾   

e.g.: I have already found my pen.

= I have found my pen already.

②yet已经   否定句和疑问句句尾  

 e.g.：I have not finished the work yet.

 Have you bought a computer yet?

③ever曾经    句中       

e.g.： Have you ever seen pandas?

④never从不   句中       

 e.g.：I have never been to Beijing.

⑤just刚刚     句中      

 e.g.：I have just done my work.

⑥before以前  句尾       

 e.g.：I have never been there before.

⑦so far到目前为止           

e.g.：So far he has learnt 200 words.

⑧how long多久                

 e.g.：How long have you lived here?

⑨how many times多少次   

e.g.：How many times has he been to Beijing？

（2）、两结

(3)、三词组

1.have<has>gone to去了某地   表示“已经去了某地，在去那里的途中或到达那里还没有回来”

e.g.：He has gone to Beijing   (去了北京)

2.have<has>been to去过某地  表示“曾去过某地，已经从那里回来了”

e.g.：He has been to Beijing.   (去过北京)

3.have<has>been in 表示“在某地呆多长时间”，常与表示一段时间的状语连用，如：since, for, how long 

e.g.: Mr. Brown has been in Beijing for three days.  布朗先生来北京已经有三天了 

4.如果句子里面没有时间状语，汉语意思能够加“已经”，往往用现在完成时态。

e.g.：Have you lost your library book? 你已经弄丢了从图书馆借的那本书吗？

5.现在完成时态还常常用于下列句型

   They have planted many trees in the last few years. 在过去的几年，他们已经种了很多树。

   This is the best book I have ever read. 这是我曾经读过的最好的一本书。

   It is the first time I have played the computer games. 这是我第一次玩电脑游戏。

6.在现在完成时中，瞬间动词不能和一段时间状语连用

e.g.：He has bought the book for 3 years.（错）

因buy这个一次性动词不能和一段时间for 3 years连用, 改正的办法有五种：

 ① He has bought the book..               (去掉一段时间for 3 years)

 ② He bought the book 3 years ago         (改为一般过去时，使句子的意思不变)

 ③ It’s 3 years since he bought the book. = 3 years has passed since he bought the book.

                                          （改为固定句型 It is ---since---）

 ④ He has not bought the book for 3 years.（改为否定句）

 ⑤ He has had the book for 3 years.            （用延续性动词have代替buy）

7. 还有其他瞬间动词也是这种情况，可参照前面的五种办法改正，前四种改法都一样，第五种改法各不相同，举例如下：

①come/arrive/get to/reach → be here

e.g：I have come here for 3 years.（错）      改为：I have been here for 3 years.

②leave/go →be away

e.g.：He has left for 3 hours.（错）         改为：He has been away for 3 hours.

③begin/start →be on

e.g.：The film has begun for 3 minutes.（错）    改为：The film has been on for 3 minutes.

④open →be open / close → be closed

e.g.：The shop has opened for 3 years.(错)    改为：The shop has been open for 3 years.

⑤die →be dead

e.g.：His father has died for 3 years.(错)     改为：His father has been dead for 3 years.

⑥finish/end→ be over

  例：He has finished the work for 3 days.(错)       改为：The work has been over for 3 days

⑦join → be in / be a soldier          

e.g：I have joined the army for 3 years.（错）

改为：I have been in the army for 3 years. 或I have been a soldier for 3 years.

⑧buy /catch → have

e.g.：I have bought the bike for 3 years.（错）  改为：I have had the bike for 3 years.

     He has caught a cold for 3 days.（错）   改为：He has had a cold for 3 days.

⑨borrow → keep

e.g：I have borrowed the book for 3 years. （错）          改为：I have kept the book for 3 years.

还有其它的归纳如下：

leave --- be away                borrow --- keep               buy --- have                   die --- be dead      

begin/start --- be on             finish --- be over             fall ill ---be ill                get up---be up      

catch a cold --- have a cold       put on-- wear               come/become/go --- be here       become → be

 fall asleep --- be asleep        get to/ arrive/reach --- be (in)     get to know --- know         

join----be a member of ...  (成为…的一员)     open ---be open close ---be close   break → be broken                    \ get up → be up   marry → be married      \              \ lose → be lost \

8.现在完成时态与一般过去时态的区别  

1一般过去时表示过去某时发生的动作或单纯叙述过去的事情，强调动作；现在完成时为过去发生的，强调过去的事情对现在的影响，强调的是影响。 

I saw this film yesterday.（强调动作发生的时间是yesterday 。） 

I have seen this film.（强调对现在的影响，电影的内容已经知道了。） 

2一般过去时和表示过去的时间状语连用，如：…ago, last week/... In 2008, in the past, just now, the day before yesterday,  yesterday ... Then(那时),that day, one day, once(从前)                                  

   【考点剖析】

考点1、现在完成时的构成：助动词have（has）+ 过去分词

1．—　　　　 you ever　　　　 Han Hong sing live?

—Of course. A couple of times in different cities.

A．Have; seen B．Did; see C．Do; see D．Are; seeing

2．It’s nice to see you again. We ________ each other since 2016.

A．won’t see B．haven’t seen C．don’t see D．didn’t see

考点2、现在完成时与一般过去时的用法比较

—Hi, I ________ you for a long time.

—I ________ in Hong Kong. I’ve just come back.

A．haven’t seen; shall be B．didn’t see; will be

C．haven’t seen; was D．haven’t seen; am

考点3、Since 和 for 的用法

1．It has been five years ________ he graduated from that junior high school.

A．since B．when C．till D．though

2．—How do you like your English teacher?

—He is great. We have been friends ________ three years ago.

A．for B．since C．in

3．The doctors from Qingdao have worked in that hospital of Huanggang ________ February.

A．when B．in C．before D．since

3．I’ve had this magazine ________ a couple of months. But the stories inside are still interesting.

A．for B．in C．since

4．Tom has lived in Shanghai _________ 2003. He has live here _________ many years.

A．in; for B．since; for C．since; at D．in; since

考点4、have been in, have been to 与have gone to 的用法

1．—Have you seen Dr Adams recently?

—No. He _________ Hong Kong for an international meeting.

A．has gone in B．has been in C．has gone to D．has been to

2．—Where’s your father?   

—He’s not at home. He’s __________ Beijing for three days.

A．gone to B．been to C．been in D．went to

3．We _______ Beijing many times, so we know it very well.

A．have been in B．went to C．have been to D．have gone to

考点5、短暂性动词与延续性动词的转换

1． —How long have you ________ your watch? It looks new.

—For only three days.

A．had B．received C．bought D．borrowed

2．— How long has the film ________?

— For only ten minutes.

A．been on B．begun C．started D．been in

        【真题演练】

1．—________ your homework?

—Not yet. I’ll finish it in ten minutes.

A．Did you finish B．Have you finished C．Will you finish D．Do you finish

2．I joined the book club last month and I _________ five books already.

A．am reading B．have read C．will read D．read

3．—Miss Zhang seems quite familiar with Yunnan Province.

—Don't you know? She ________ a town school there as a volunteer teacher for over 2 years.

A．is in B．has gone to C．has been in D．has been to

4．What great progress our country ________ since 1949!

A．makes B．made C．is made D．has made

5．I ________ this bike for three years. I like it so much.

A．bought B．had C．have bought D．have had

6．—Your scarf is so beautiful! When did you buy it?

—On my 18th birthday. I ________ it for 6 years.

A．bought B．will have C．have had D．have bought

7．—Why are you in such a hurry?

—Because the class ________ for 10 minutes.

A．has been on B．has begun C．is on D．begins

8．— Luke, do you love country music?

— Of course I do. I have ________ a fan of it for ten years.

A．turned B．become C．been D．got

9．—Helen, Is Ng Man Tat (吴孟达) your favourite film star?

—Yes. But it’s a pity that he ________ for several weeks.

A．died B．dies C．has died D．has been dead

10．My cousin ________ this book for one month. He must return it to the library now.

A．has borrowed B．is borrowing C．has had D．has kept

       【过关检测】

一、单项选择

1．Mr. Smith ________ Chinese for two years.   He’s much better at it now.

A．learns B．was learning C．has learned D．will learn

2．—Do you know Mount Wudang in Shiyan?

—Yes, I _________ it twice. It’s fantastic.

A．had climbed B．climb C．climbed D．have climbed

3．I ________ this bike for three years. I like it so much.

A．bought B．had C．have bought D．have had

4．—Mum, where is David?

— He ________ to see the science fiction film Back to the future.

A．is going B．goes C．has gone D．was going

5．Over the past few months, Chinese COVID vaccines (疫苗) ________ in many other countries.

A．have arrived B．arrived C．will arrive D．had arrived

6．—Why are you in such a hurry?

—Because the class ________ for 10 minutes.

A．has been on B．has begun C．is on D．begins

7．— Dad, I can’t find my school ID card. Did you see it?

— No, I didn’t. I think you ________ it!

A．lose B．will lose C．have lost D．are losing

8．China ________ great achievements in science and technology since 1978.

A．makes B．made C．has made D．is made

9．I saw Julia in April and I ________ her since then.

A．don’t see B．didn’t see C．won’t see D．haven’t seen

10．—How long ________ you ________ chemistry so far?

—For almost one year.

A．are; studying B．do; study C．have; studied D．will; study

二、用所给单词的正确形式填空

11．How exciting the match is! It is the best one that I ________ ever ________（watch）.

12．So far, she ________ (spend) so much time looking after her children that she has to give up her job as a teacher.

13．I hear someone ________ (offer) you some useful advice already.

14．The place ________ (develop) from a small village into a tourist centre in the past few years.

15．How long ________ your mother ________ (be) in hospital?

三、完成句子

16．——你哥哥在哪里？——我哥哥去北京了。

—Where is your elder brother?     —He _____________ Beijing.

17．这会已开了多长时间了？

How long _____________ this meeting _____________ ?

18．自从他搬到福州以来，他就住在这儿了。

Since he _____________ to Fuzhou, he _____________ here.

19．我已经做完作业了。我现在可以看电视了。

I _____________ my homework. I can watch TV now.

20．本来这儿许多年了。

Ben _____________ here for many years.