【暑假提升】外研版2019英语高一（升高二）暑假选修1-第10讲 Unit4 词汇和完形填空 讲学案

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第10讲 Unit 4 Meeting the muse

1. 提前预习新外研版选择必修一Unit4的词汇和阅读
2. 掌握高二阅读长难句分析方法和完形填空（记叙文）解题方法

一．重点词汇学习

1.quote n.
2.float v.
3.folk adj.
4.tale n.
5.motion n.
6.compose v.
7. crouch
8. peacock
9.princess
10.ethnic
11.abstract adj.
12.wire n.
13.cable n.
14.awe-inspiring
15.innovation n.
16.innovative adj.
17.trend
18.contrast n.
19.Greek
20.appreciate v.
21.worthy
22.technician n.
23.literally
24.animation n.
25. dawn n.
26.probe vt.
27.distinct adj..
28.descend v.
29.conclude v.
30.delightful adj.
31.literary
32.relish
重点词汇答案见教材词汇表
二． 重点短语
1．on display 在展览
2．come to life 苏醒过来；活跃起来；变得生动有趣
3．a variety of 各种各样的
4．label...as 把……称为
5．so as to 为了
6．bring out 使显现；阐明；出版；说出
7．be tired from (doing) sth 因(做)某事而感到疲倦
8．be worth doing sth 值得做某事
9．come to one's mind 出现在某人脑海里，被想到
10．light up 点亮，照亮；(使)流露出喜悦
11．set...in motion 使……开始
12．rather than 而不是
13．queue up 排队
14．be unfamiliar with 与……不熟悉；对……不了解
15．for sure 肯定地

考点1：　compose v．作(曲)；组成，构成；使平静
要点归纳
(1)be composed of＝be made up of＝consist of 由……组成
compose oneself 使某人镇定
(2)composer n. 作曲家
composition n. 组成，构成；创作，作曲；作文，作品
例1．【单句填空】
(1)She reworked a lot of her compositions(compose) to make them more danceable products.
(2)It was the fortieth anniversary of the death of the composer(compose)．
(3)Please compose yourself/yourselves(you); there's no need to get excited!
一句多译
这部新剧由四个部分组成，每个部分都很精彩。
(4)The new play is composed of four parts, each of which is very fascinating.
(5)The new play is made up of four parts, each of which is very fascinating.
(6)The new play consists of four parts, each of which is very fascinating.
考点2：contrast n．反差，对比　v．对比，对照
要点归纳
(1)in contrast with/to 与……相比(对照)
by contrast 与……相反；相比之下(相当于副词)
(2)contrast with 与……形成对照
contrast...with/and... 把……与……相对比
(3)contrasting adj. (在式样、颜色或态度上)极不相同的，迥异的

例2．【单句填空】
(1)Contrast fresh with/and frozen vegetables and you'll find the fresh ones taste better.
(2)Most people work because it's unavoidable.By contrast, there are some people who actually enjoy work.
(3)This cold weather contrasts with last week's heat.
(4)They hold contrasting(contrast) views on whether to buy the house or not.
补全句子
(5)In contrast with/to his brother, Peter is rather tall.
与他的哥哥相比，彼得的个子相当高。

考点3：distinct adj.清晰的；明显不同的
要点归纳
(1)distinctly adv. 明显地；无疑地，确实地
(2)distinction n. 区别；差别；特性；荣誉，奖赏
(3)distinguish v. 区分；辨别；使杰出，使表现突出
distinguish...from... 显示出特性；将……与……区别开
(4)distinguished adj. 著名的；卓著的；高贵的
distinguishing adj. 有区别的
distinguishable adj. 可区别的；辨认得出的；可辨识的
例3【单句填空】
(1)But the truth is that dogs are able to distinguish(distinguish) colours just not in the same way we do.
(2)These animals have a distinct(distinction) ability of protecting themselves from being extinct.
(3)I am so puzzled about things that are distinctly(distinct) shiny.
(4)What does he mean in terms of this distinction(distinct)?
补全句子
(5)They can even distinguish their mother's voice from that of a female stranger.
他们甚至能分辨出自己母亲和陌生女性的声音。

考点4：pass down把……一代传一代，使流传
要点归纳
pass away 去世
pass by 经过(……旁边)；通过
pass out 昏迷，失去知觉
pass up 放过，放弃，错过(邀请、机会等)
例4【单句填空】
(1)I think it would be a great pity to pass up the opportunity to be admitted without taking the exam.
(2)I noticed the girl was crying when I passed by just now.
(3)He was born in 1921 and passed away peacefully at the age of 90 in 2011.
(4)She passed out when she heard the bad news.
补全句子
(5)The tradition has been passed down for hundreds of years.
这个传统已经传承了几百年了。
考点5：come to life 苏醒过来；活跃起来；变得生动有趣
要点归纳
(1)come to (oneself) 苏醒过来
come back to life 苏醒过来；复活
when it comes to... 当谈及……
(2)bring sth (back) to life 使……生动；使……恢复生机

例5【单句填空】
写出下面句中黑体部分的含义/单句语法填空
(1)When the children heard that their teacher came to life, the whole class came to life at once.苏醒过来；活跃起来
(2)When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.
(3)After the earthquake, the government tried its best to bring the village back to life.
补全句子
(4)The moment we learnt that we would take part in the farm work programme, we all came to life.得知我们将参加农场活动时，我们都活跃起来。
考点6：bring out 使显现；阐明；出版；说出
要点归纳
bring up 养育；抚养；提出
bring sth back 使某物恢复；带回某物；使想起某事
bring down 降低；使倒下
bring in 引入；赚(钱)
bring about 导致；引起

例6【单句填空】
用bring的相关短语填空
(1)(2020·天津卷)The company is willing to bring in the new technology if it can be shown to reduce production costs.
(2)I wasn't going to talk about money, but since it was brought up, I think it's something we should really discuss.
(3)The kindness of strangers has done much to bring back my faith in humanity.
(4)The Internet has brought about big changes in the way we work.
补全句子
(5)Working with the medical team in Africa has brought out the best in her as a doctor.
在非洲与医疗队的合作使她成为一名优秀的医生。
考点7：light up点亮，照亮；(使)流露出喜悦
要点归纳
(1)light on/upon 偶然遇见，偶尔发现
(2)come to light 为人所知
bring sth to light 揭露
cast/throw light on 使(问题等)较容易理解
例7【单句填空】
(1)Recent research has thrown light on the mystery, which has amazed the world.
(2)This is Renia's diary, a journal that was hidden for years in a safe(保险柜)．Now it's coming to light with the help of Renia's sister and niece.
(3)I thought I might have lit upon/on an ancient manuscript.
补全句子
(4)His eyes lit up when his mother walked into the room.
看见妈妈走进房间，他两眼一亮。

（一）用所给词的适当形式填空
1．(2020·全国Ⅰ卷)The engineers at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT) have taken it a step further—changing the actual composition(compose) of plants in order to get them to perform diverse, even unusual functions.
2．(2020·江苏卷)Technological innovations(innovative), combined with good marketing, will promote the sales of these products.
3．In the 1950s in the USA, most families had just one phone at home, and wireless(wire) phones hadn't been invented yet.
4．It was once common to regard Britain as a society with class distinction (distinct)．
5．Pay for service calls related to product installation(install) or usage instructions.
6．Idioms usually cannot be translated literally(literal) in another language.
（二）固定用法和搭配
1．Keeping eye contact delivers a sense of friendship to the people we interact with.
2．You could have received an A on your term paper, but you quoted a little bit more from others' papers.
3．With so many excellent paintings on display, the exhibition has attracted a large number of visitors.
4．The plans were set in motion when the company president signed the document.
5．Lightning lit up the darkening skies, and within moments the plane was tossed(使摇摆) around.
（三）完形填空：长难句分析
During my second year at the city college, I was told that the education department was offering a ‘free” course, called Thinking Chess, for three credits. I ____31____ the idea of taking the class because, after all, who doesn’t want to save a few dollars? More than that, I’d always wanted to learn chess. And, even if I weren’t ____32____ enough about free credits, news about our instructor was appealing enough to me. He was an international grand master, which meant I would be learning from one of the game’s ____33____. I could hardly wait to ____34____ him.
Maurice Ashley was kind and smart, a former graduate returning to teach, and this ____35____ was no game for him; he meant business. In his introduction, he made it clear that our credits would be hard-earned. In order to ____36____ the class among other requirements, we had to write a paper on how we plan to ____37____ what we would learn in class to our future professions and, ____38____, to our lives. I managed to get an A in that ____39____ and learned life lessons that have served me well beyond the ____40____.
Ten years after my chess class with Ashley, I’m still putting to use what he ____41____ me: “The absolute most important ____42____ that you learn when you play chess is how to make good ____43____. On every single move you have to ____44____ a situation, process what your opponent (对手) is doing and evaluate the best move from among all your options.” These words still ring true today in my ____45____ as a journalist.
31. A. put forward B. tried out C. jumped at D. turned down
32. A. worried B. tired C. moved D. excited
33. A. best B. fastest C. rarest D. hardest
34. A. beat B. interview C. meet D. challenge
35. A. qualification B. chance C. job D. honor
36. A. skip B. pass C. observe D. attend
37. A. compare B. expose C. add D. apply
38. A. eventually B. directly C. naturally D. normally
39. A. presentation B. course C. game D. experiment
40. A. requirement B. department C. classroom D. situation
41. A. promised B. wrote C. questioned D. taught
42. A. skill B. manner C. step D. fact
43. A. impressions B. grades C. decisions D. comments
44. A. analyse B. describe C. generate D. control
45. A. characteristic B. role C. desire D. concern

【答案】
31. C 32. D 33. A 34. C 35. C 36. B 37. D 38. A
39. B 40. C 41. D 42. A 43. C 44. A 45. B
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章讲述了作者在大二学的免费课程——下象棋及这门课程对作者生活的深远指导作用。
【解析】
【31题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我欣然接受了这个课程，因为，毕竟，谁不想节省几美元呢？A. put forward提出；B. tried out测试，试验；C. jumped at欣然接受；D. turned down拒绝。后文提到作者想要省钱，所以是欣然接受了这门课程。故选C。
【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即便是我对免费的学分不感到激动，单是我们老师的信息就足以吸引我。A. worried着急的，担心的；B. tired疲倦的；C. moved感动的；D. excited激动的，兴奋的。上文提到作者上这门课就是为了省钱，所以对这门课所带来的学分并不感到激动，故选D。
【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他是一名国际大师，这意味着我将向这项游戏中的佼佼者学习。A. best最好的；B. fastest最快的；C. rarest罕见的；D. hardest最困难的。结合上文“He was an international grandmaster”可知，老师是象棋游戏里的大师，即下象棋最好的人之一。故选A。
【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我等不及要见他。A. beat击败；B. interview采访；C. meet遇见；D. challenge挑战。由前一句可知，因为象棋国际大师要来，所以作者等不及要见他。故选C。
【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：Maurice Ashley是一个善良而聪明的人，他毕业后又回来教书，这份工作对他来说不是游戏：他是认真的。A. qualification资格；B. chance机会；C. job工作；D. honor荣誉。Maurice Ashley如今是老师，所以这是他的一份工作。故选C。
【36题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了通过这门课，除其他标准外，我们还必须写一篇论文，说明我们打算如何将在课堂上学到的知识应用到我们未来的职业中，并最终应用到我们的生活中。A. skip跳过；B. pass通过；C. observe观察，庆祝；D. attend参加；根据后文宾语“the class”以及“ write a paper”可知此处指的是通过这门课。故选B。
【37题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：为了通过这门课，除其他标准外，我们还必须写一篇论文，说明我们打算如何将在课堂上学到的知识应用到我们未来的职业中，并最终应用到我们的生活中。A. compare比较；B. expose暴露；C. add添加；D. apply运用。结合后文“what we would learn in class to our future professions”可知，Ashley 要求学生们写一篇论文，关于如何将在课堂上学到的知识应用到我们未来的职业中，短语apply to“把……运用于……”。故选D。
【38题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. eventually最终；B. directly直接地；C. naturally自然地；D. normally正常地。根据后文“to our lives”可知，先是应用到工作中，最后应用到生活中。故选A。
【39题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我设法在那门课上得了A，我还学习了课堂之外对我很有用的生活经验。A. presentation介绍，陈述；B. course课程；C. game游戏；D. experiment实验。结合上文“get an A in that”可知，此处指在象棋课上得了A的成绩。故选B。
【40题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. requirement要求；B. department部门；C. classroom教室；D. situation情况。结合上文“learned life lessons”可知作者学到了课堂之外的生活经验。beyond the classroom课堂之外，故选C。
【41题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在Ashley上象棋课十年之后，我仍然在运用他教我的东西：“下象棋时你学到的最重要的技能是如何做出正确的决定。” A. promised承诺；B. wrote写；C. questioned质问；D. taught教。上文he指的是象棋课的老师Ashley，故此处指作者十年后仍然在运用Ashley教自己的东西。故选D。
【42题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在Ashley上象棋课十年之后，我仍然在运用他教我的东西：“下象棋时你学到的最重要的技能是如何做出正确的决定。” A. skill技能；B. manner方式；C. step步；D. fact事实。根据后文“when you play chess”可知，此处指的是下象棋时的重要技能。故选A。
【43题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. impressions印象；B. grades成绩；C. decisions决定；D. comments评论。根据后文“evaluate the best move from among all”可知，下象棋时需要评估出最佳的一步，即做出正确的决定。故选C。
【44题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在每一步中，你都必须分析形势，处理对手正在做的事情，并从你所有的选择中评估最佳的一步。A. analyse分析；B. describe描述；C. generate生成，产生；D. control控制。根据后文“process what your opponent (对手) is doing and evaluate the best move from among all your options.”可知，此处指分析形势，处理各种情况。故选A。
【45题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：现在这些话对我作为一名新闻记者的角色来说仍然是正确的。A. characteristic特点，品质；B. role角色；C. desire欲望；D. concern担心。结合后文“as a journalist”可知作者如今是一名记者，所以这应该是作者的职业或者身份，故选B。


（一）词性转换
1．compose v．作(曲)→composer n．作曲家→composition n．作文；作曲
2．princess n．公主→prince n．王子
3．wire n．金属丝；电线→wireless adj.无线的；无线电的
4．contrast n．反差，对比→contrasting adj.(在式样、颜色或态度上)极不相同的，迥异的
5．innovative adj.新颖的，创新的→innovate v．创新→innovation n．创新，革新
6．literally adv.根据字面意思→literal adj.字面意义的
7．distinct adj.清晰的；明显不同的→distinction n．区别
（二）语法填空
短文中的黑体部分为本单元知识点，请按要求补全短文，并背诵体会黑体部分的用法。
Mr Li was good at music and also liked folk tales when he was young.After he retired，he returned to his hometown with his wife and 1 (settle) there.He began to travel around the country to collect folk tales.He talked to a lot of villagers of all ages from different places, only 2 (find) that there was a distinct difference between the tales from two different places.About two years later, he returned to his hometown with a great many 3 (interest) folk tales.It was he 4 set the programme Reading Tales in his village in motion.There was a trend that each family set aside some time for reading tales every day.That was an enjoyable time! In addition, he was 5 innovative that he composed a lot of soft music for the old people in his village.In his spare time, he also made some lovely toys using some 6 (use) wires and other waste materials.Most children loved the toys very much.The villagers admired his 7 (innovative) so much that they all considered him to be a gifted technician. 8 contrast, his wife was less active.She often did some housework and seldom went out.When she was out, she often sat by the river all day, staring at the geese 9 (float) on the river. She 10 (rare) joined other women talking and laughing there, which made Mr Li a little worried.
1．settled　2.to find　3.interesting　4.that/who　
5．so　6.used/useless　7.innovation　8.By
9．floating　10.rarely
完形填空
As a young mom, I can remember looking forward to the years when my children would be grown. Not because I ___21___ spending each day with them, but because I thought once I’d ___22___ them, then all my mom worries would be over. But I was wrong! When my sons were grown, I discovered that the worries just got bigger as the ___23___ got bigger. When my adult children have ___24___ difficult times, I’ve recalled things about those wonderful days when all their problems could be ___25___ with a hug.
I thought about that this past week as stories of Hurricane lrma’s coming filled the ___26___. I heard forecasters (预报员) use the “strongest winds ever ___27___”. Not words I wanted to hear when that storm was ___28___ the state where my son, daughter-in-law, and grandson lived. I was worried as ___29___ of damage on islands where Huricane Irma had already showed her ___30___ appeared on my television screen. I watched and ___31___ anxiously as the stories got bigger and bigger about the powerful impact Irma would have on Florida.
At first, my son planned to leave, but then as forecasters reported the huricane, it took a path to the east, leaving the Florida out of ___32___ hits. They decided to stay, and all seemed ___33___, until suddenly the storm began moving west. These mom worries ___34___ again, because the roads were filled with those from South Florida who were leaving before their cities took direct hits.
The wait leading up to Hurricane Irma’s arrival was hard. The wait to hear that my precious family were okay seemed like it took ___35___.
21. A. minded B. preferred C. quit D. kept
22. A. improved B. raised C. admired D. mastered
23. A. goals B. errors C. problems D. responsibilities
24. A. gone through B. worked out C. given up D. focused on
25. A. placed B. judged C. solved D. dropped
26. A. movie B. news C. novel D. literature
27. A. recorded B. printed C. typed D. scheduled
28. A. exploring B. hitting C. changing D. shaking
29. A. books B. photos C. gifts D. brochures
30. A. view B. stress C. challenge D. anger
31. A. worked B. commented C. waited D. complained
32. A. direct B. narrow C. slim D. unique
33. A. formal B. well C. possible D. strange
34. A. died B. developed C. survived D. appeared
35. A. moments B. hours C. centuries D. minutes

【答案】
21. A 22. B 23. C 24. A 25. C 26. B 27. A 28. B 29. B 30. D 31. C 32. A 33. B 34. D 35. C
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者用自己的亲身经历告诉大家，孩子无论多大，在父母的眼里都是孩子。父母永远为孩子操心。
【解析】
【21题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：不是因为我介意每天都和他们在一起，而是因为我觉得一旦我把他们养大，我作为妈妈的所有的担心就结束了。A. minded介意；B. preferred偏爱；C. quit关闭；D. kept保持。根据前文“As a young mom, I can remember looking forward to the years when my children would be grown”可知，作为年轻的妈妈，我渴望孩子长大，所有此处指不是因为我介意每天都和他们在一起。故选A。
【22题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. improved改善；B. raised养育；C. admired 钦佩；D. mastered掌握。根据前文“ when my children would be grown”可知，此处指一旦我把他们养大，我作为妈妈的担心就没有了。故选B。
【23题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我的儿子们长大后，我发现随着问题越来越严重，他们的担忧也越来越大。A. goals目标；B. errors错误；C. problems问题；D. responsibilities责任。根据下文“I’ve recalled things about those wonderful days when all their problems could be 　　5　 with a hug.”可知，此处指问题越大，我的担心就越多。故选C。
【24题详解】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我成年的孩子们经历困难时，我会回忆起那些美好的日子，那时他们所有的问题都可以通过一个拥抱解决。A. gone through经历；B. worked out解决问题；C. given up放弃；D. focused on集中注意力。根据下文“difficult times”可知，此处指孩子们经历困难，故选A。
【25题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我成年的孩子们经历困难时，我会回忆起那些美好的日子，那时他们所有的问题都可以通过一个拥抱解决。A. placed放置；B. judged判断；C. solved解决；D. dropped掉落。结合前文“all their problems”可知，此处指用一个拥抱可以解决所有的问题。故选C。
【26题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在过去的一周里，当飓风“艾玛”来袭的消息充斥在新闻中时，我就想到了这一点。A. movie电影；B. news新闻；C. novel小说；D. literature文学。根据下文“I heard forecasters”可知，作者听到气象预报员说这次飓风的消息，所以此处指关于飓风艾玛即将袭来的消息充斥在新闻中。故选B。
【27题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我听说天气预报员使用“有记录以来最强的风”。A. recorded记录；B. printed打印；C. typed打字；D. scheduled安排。根据上文“forecasters (预报员) use the “strongest winds ever”可知，此处指气象预报员说这次风暴是有记录以来最强的。故选A。
【28题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我可不想听到暴风雨袭击我儿子，儿媳和孙子居住的州这样的话。A. exploring探索；B. hitting袭击；C. changing改变；D. shaking摇晃。根据下文“before their cities took direct hits”可知，此处指飓风袭击作者的儿子所在的州。故选B。
【29题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当飓风“艾玛”已经显示出她的愤怒的岛屿受损的照片出现在我的电视屏幕上时，我很担心。A. books书；B. photos照片；C. gifts礼物；D. brochures小册子。根据下文“appeared on my television screen”可知，能出现在电视画面上，展示飓风所造成的损失的是照片。故选B。
【30题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. view观点；B. stress压力；C. challenge挑战；D. anger愤怒。根据上文“damage on islands where Huricane Irma had already showed”可知，飓风造成了巨大的损失，就是在展现它的“愤怒”。故选D。
【31题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：随着关于飓风艾玛对佛罗里达的巨大影响的报道越来越多。我焦急地观察着，等待着。A. worked工作；B. commented评论；C. waited等待；D. complained埋怨。根据下文“The wait to hear that my precious family were okay”可知，此处中作者等待听到关于儿子的好消息。故选C。
【32题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一开始，我儿子打算离开，但后来天气预报员报告说飓风向东移动，使得佛罗里达州没有受到直接影响。A. direct直接的；B. narrow狭窄的；C. slim 苗条的；D. unique独特的。根据下文“because the roads were filled with those from South Florida who were leaving before their cities took direct hits.”可知，此处指气象预报员说飓风艾玛向东移动，这样佛罗利达州就会免遭直接的影响。故选A。
【33题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他们决定留下来，一切似乎都很好，直到突然暴风雨开始向西移动。A. formal正式的； B. well状态良好；身体好； C. possible可能的； D. strange奇怪的。根据上文“as forecasters reported the huricane, it took a path to the east, leaving the Florida out of 　12　　 hits.”及“They decided to stay”可知，预报员说飓风转向东移动，这样使得佛罗里达州就会免受直接的影响，所以作者的儿子决定留下来，这一切看似很好的状态。故选B。
【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这些母亲的担忧再次出现，因为道路上挤满了来自南佛罗里达州的人，他们在城市遭受直接打击之前就离开了。A. died死去； B. developed发展； C. survived存活； D. appeared出现。根据上文“ as forecasters reported the huricane, it took a path to the east”及“suddenly the storm began moving west”可知，当听到飓风转向东移动时，作者松了一口气，此时突然听到飓风往西，就要袭击儿子所在的州了，作者的担忧又出现了。故选D。
【35题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：飓风“艾玛”到来之前的等待是艰难的。等待听到我亲爱的家人平安似乎要更久。A. moments片刻； B. hours小时； C. centuries世纪； D. minutes分钟。根据前文“The wait leading up to Hurricane Irma’s arrival was hard. The wait to hear that my precious family were okay ”可知，等待飓风袭来是艰难的，但等待被真爱的家人一切安好的消息似乎要更久。故选C。