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新教材适用2024版高考英语一轮总复习语法专题突破专题2需要变形的名词数词形容词和副词课件
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这是一份新教材适用2024版高考英语一轮总复习语法专题突破专题2需要变形的名词数词形容词和副词课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了考点分层演练，一 名词，可数名词，skills ，crews ，persons，去掉第一个a ，what后加a，去掉a ，二 数词等内容，欢迎下载使用。
Mr. Smith is very busy because he runs several cmpanies①.He wrks seven days① a week and 12 mnths② a year.In his spare time he likes watching ftball matches③.He likes eating tmates④ but he desn't eat vegetables with leaves⑤.He has tw pet hrses⑥ and he ften rides them with his friends n Mr. Black's farm⑦ because he thinks the scenery f the farm⑧ is very beautiful.
1．可数名词变复数①以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词，变-y为-i加-es；以元音字母加-y结尾的名词，加-s。②以-th结尾的名词加-s。③以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词后加-es(如果词尾-ch发音为/k/，要加-s，如stmach)。④以-结尾加-es 的单词有：英雄(heres)吃土豆(ptates)番茄(tmates)，其他多直接加-s。⑤以-f或-fe结尾的词，多变-f或-fe为-v，再加-es。但也有直接加-s的单词，如：屋顶(rf)上的首领(chief)有信仰(belief)。⑥更多的可数名词是直接加-s。
2．名词作定语往往是说明其中名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。多为单数名词作定语，但wman，man作定语时，要用复数形式表达复数概念。3．名词的所有格⑦有生命名词，不以-s结尾的名词加-'s；以-s结尾的单数名词和复数名词都加-'。⑧无生命名词，通常用f所有格表示。⑨双重所有格的构成形式为：“名词＋f＋名词所有格”或者“名词＋f＋名词性物主代词”。
1．不规则变化的名词复数(1)通过内部元音变化构成复数。如：ft—feet脚 gse—geese鹅 tth—teeth牙齿muse—mice老鼠 man—men男人wman—wmen女人(2)有些名词的单复数形式相同。如：sheep—sheep绵羊deer—deer鹿
Chinese—Chinese中国人Japanese—Japanese日本人means—means方法series—series系列species—species物种(3)有的名词在词尾加-ren或-en构成复数。如：child—children 孩子x—xen 公牛
(4)由man，wman构成的复合名词在变成复数时，与man，wman的变化形式相同。如：gentleman—gentlemen先生Englishman—Englishmen英国男子pliceman—plicemen男警察chairwman—chairwmen女主席businessman—businessmen商人craftsman—craftsmen工匠，手艺人注意：German的复数形式为Germans。
(5)外来词的不规则复数形式。如：analysis—analyses分析 basis—bases基础 crisis—crises危机 thesis—theses论文 medium—media媒介物 phenmenn—phenmena现象
2．复合名词的单复数变化(1)中间没有连字符也没有间隔的复合名词将最后一个词变成复数形式。如：birthday—birthdays生日 blackbard—blackbards黑板 bkshelf—bkshelves书架 gentleman—gentlemen绅士
(2)中间有连字符或间隔的复合名词将其中主要的词变成复数形式。如：bk wrm—bk wrms sn-in-law—sns-in-law lker-n—lkers-n passer-by—passers-by stry-teller—stry-tellers(3)无主体名词时通常在最后一个词后加复数词尾。如：grwn-up—grwn-ups standby—standbys
3．名词所有格的特殊形式(1)并列的名词变所有格时，若表示不同的所有关系，则分别在两个名词后加-'s；如果表示共有关系，则只在最后一个名词后加-'s。如：Kate and Mary's rm凯特和玛丽共有的房间Kate's and Mary's rms凯特和玛丽各自的房间(2)表示店铺或某人的家时，名词所有格之后的shp，huse，hme等常省去。如：at the dctr's (ffice)在(医生的)诊所里at the barber's (shp)在理发店at Mr. Green's (huse)在格林先生家
单句语法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) Yu and yur partner will prbably have different _________ (skill)．②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) All the ______________ (assignment) will be submitted by the assigned date thrugh Blackbard, ur nline learning and curse management system.③(2022·全国甲卷) The New Theatre has been the hme f quality drama, musicals, dance and ______________ (children) shws fr mre than 100 years.
assignments
children's
④(2022·全国乙卷) That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the __________ (crew) effrts.⑤(2022·全国乙卷) Csts wuld be cut and _____________ (perate) wuld be mre efficient acrss the bard.⑥(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) My husband, ur children and I have had wnderful camping ______________ (experience) ver the past ten years.⑦(2021·全国乙卷) _____________ (activity) there range frm whale watching t hiking (远足) and accmmdatins aim t have a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
experiences
Activities
⑧(2021·浙江卷) During the training stage, each dg was shwn nly the upper half r the lwer half f the ____________ (persn) face.
二、不可数名词 T learn mre knwledge①，I have t d lts f hmewrk① every day and have n time① t have fun② r d husewrk①.Last week we had an exam but I didn't perfrm well. Hwever，my teacher said that I had made great prgress②.S this exam is nt a failure③.On the cntrary，it is a success③ in a way.
①不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能与不定冠词连用。②fun，weather，prgress，advice，infrmatin为永久性不可数名词，前面不能加不定冠词，也不能具体化。③抽象名词具体化：•表示情感情绪等的抽象名词强调具体的人或事的时候，可以在前面加不定冠词，如a surprise，a cmfrt，a must等。•表示“一……”的概念时，常与动词构成词组，名词前常常有形容词。如have a gd time，have a gd knwledge/cmmand f，a sense f pride 等。
不可以用数目计算，多为物质名词或抽象名词，没有复数形式，常见的不可数名词有：
单句改错①What a fun it is t have a get-tgether in such a place!______________②Oh，Jhn，what pleasant surprise yu gave us!____________③He gave us sme advices n hw t study English.____________________
advices→advice
④He felt that he needed mre knwledges abut imprt and exprt.__________________________⑤I need a wrk t supprt myself，fr I can't always depend n my parents.________
knwledges→knwledge
1．根据所处位置判断是否填入名词形式。如谓语动词之前后、介词之后、形容词之后、冠词或数词之后。2．单数可数名词不能单独使用，要与冠词、指示代词、不定代词等连用，否则就用复数形式表示复数含义。3．注意固定短语中名词的单复数。4．注意名词应该与其修饰语保持数的一致。5．不可数名词没有复数形式，不能与不定冠词连用。
Mister Smith is 60① years ld and yesterday was his 60th② birthday.He still remembers in the 1990s③ when he was in his thirties③，he drank dzens f④ bttles f beer a day.Hwever，he spent thusands f④ dllars in hspital.Later，tw fifths⑤ f his spare time was spent in taking exercise.①数词的基本形式为基数词。②表示数词的顺序往往用序数词。大部分是在基数词的基础上加－th。以－y结尾的基数词变序数词，把－y变成－ie＋－th。
③“in the＋逢十的基数词的复数”表示“在某个世纪几十年代”。“in ne's＋逢十的基数词的复数”表示“在某人几十多岁时”。④具体数字＋dzen/scre/hundred/thusand/millin 等词时，后面直接加名词复数；表示笼统数目时，用dzens/scres/hundreds/thusands/ millins f＋名词复数。⑤分数表达：分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于1时，分母序数词加－s，如1/3：ne third,2/3：tw thirds。
1．易错基数词thirteen十三 furteen十四 fifteen十五 eighteen十八 nineteen十九 twenty二十 thirty三十 frty四十 fifty五十 ninety九十2．易错序数词first第一 secnd第二 third第三 furth第四 fifth第五 eighth第八 ninth第九 eleventh第十一 twelfth第十二
单句语法填空①(2022·全国甲卷)After ur ________ (three) run Andrew shut dwn the engine, and we went ur separate ways — he fr a lunch break, I t explre the city.②(2022·全国甲卷)Nw, Ca has started the _________ (tw) part f his dream t walk alng the Belt and Rad rute.③(2022·全国乙卷)Can a small grup f drnes guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save ___________ (billin) f eurs each year?
④Peter gt a mdel ship frm his uncle n his _____________(thirteen) birthday.⑤Tw _________(three) f the students in ur class have been t Disneyland smewhere.⑥Linda，there are t many mistakes in the ________(nine) line f yur passage.⑦He made quite a few friends during his ___________(twenty)．⑧It is reprted that the earthquake has left ____________(thusand) f peple hmeless.
1．需要使用数词时，要先看清是使用该词的基数词形式还是序数词形式。2．使用序数词时，注意前面一般要有定冠词the。3．注意固定用法中的数词的使用及与冠词、介词的搭配，如in the 1820s，in his 30s，thusands f等。
一、形容词和副词的基本用法I bught an interesting① nvel yesterday.The bk is s interesting② that I can hardly let g f it. Wrried③ abut my study，my mther tk it away.Hwever，I fund my mther absrbed④ in it.
①修饰名词，往往用形容词作定语。②在系动词之后，往往用形容词作表语。③表示情绪和精神状态的形容词可以作状语。④在感官类或使役动词＋宾语之后，形容词可以作宾补，说明宾语的状态。My mther is reading the nvel attentively① nw and she is quite① mved by it.Obviusly②，she wn't return the bk t me sn.①副词可以描述某个动作的情况或者描述动作、行为或状态的程度。②副词可以放在句首，作评论性状语，修饰整个句子。
1．名词、动词变形容词名词、动词变形容词-able，-al，-ful，-ed，-ing-y，-ern，-ish，-ic-ible，-ive，-us，-sme2．形容词变副词形容词不同词尾变副词加(-ly)的口诀：(一般直接加) clear→clearly清楚地 great→greatly很，大大地(元e去e加) true→truly真实地
(辅y变i加) happy→happily高兴地 heavy→heavily沉重地(-le尾e变y) terrible→terribly可怕地 gentle→gently轻轻地(-ll尾只加y) full→fully完全地 dull→dully迟钝地(-ic加ally) basic→basically主要地 scientific→scientifically 合乎科学地
3．-ed形容词修饰物的用法-ed形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到……的”，强调人自身的情感波动；修饰事物时，则多修饰smile(微笑)，feeling(感觉)，cry(叫声)，face(表情)，vice(声音)，lk(表情)，eye(眼神)，expressin(表情)等表示某人情感状况的名词。He had a pleased smile n his face.他脸上露出了满意的微笑。He tld me the news in a very excited vice.他以非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。
4．同根副词加-ly和不加-ly有些副词不加-ly与其形容词表达的含义是一样的，而加了－ly之后的副词，其词义往往发生改变，具有抽象意义，表示程度。如：clse靠近地 clsely密切地，仔细地hard努力地 hardly几乎不late晚，迟 lately最近，不久前mst最，极其 mstly通常，主要地wide指距离宽 widely广泛地deep指具体深度 deeply深深地，非常，强烈地high指具体高度 highly高度地，非常
单句语法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I’m enjying the creative activities, and it feels great t have dne smething _________ (use)．②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the ___________ (create) sessins.③(2022·全国甲卷)With an _____________ (impress) 2,000-seat cncert hall, St David's Hall is hme t the annual Welsh Prms Cardiff.
impressive
④(2022·全国甲卷)I cnsidered this when I met a _____________ (thught) yung businessman named Anthny.⑤(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Yu'll ___________ (actual) shw up if yu knw smene is waiting fr yu at the gym.⑥(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)After a three-year pilt perid, the GPNP will be _____________ (fficial) set up next year.⑦(2022·全国乙卷)The mre ____________ (regular) they can be inspected, the mre railway safety, reliability and n-time perfrmance will be imprved.
regularly
⑧(2021·全国甲)Suppsedly yu can d it in tw hurs, but we stpped at the different gates and watchtwers t take pictures r just t watch the lcal peple ging abut their ________(day) rutines.
二、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级In my family，my mther is the thinnest①.My father is much taller② than her and me，but he is twice as heavy as③ my mther，and becming fatter and fatter④.He is quite wrried because the fatter⑤ he is，the mre likely⑤ he is t be ill.①形容词和副词变比较级或最高级，一般直接加-er或-est，以e结尾直接加-r或-st；一元一辅结尾注意双写结尾辅音，多音节词前面加mre或the mst。
两者或两部分之间比较，多用比较级；三者或三者以上的比较，可以使用最高级。②比较级常常和than连用，并且可以被much，a little，a bit，even，far，still 等词修饰。③倍数表达法：•A＋谓语＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than＋B•A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级(＋名词)＋as＋B•A＋谓语＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height，weight等)＋f＋B
④“adj./adv.比较级＋and＋adj./adv.比较级”表示“越来越……”。⑤“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”表示“越……，就越……”。
1．有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加-er和-est，又可以加mre和mst构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是：cmmn，handsme，quiet，pleasant，cruel，stupid，tired和以-w，-er结尾的词。2．有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right(正确的)，wrng(错误的)，excellent(优秀的)，pssible(可能的)，empty(空的)，first(第一的)，wden(木制的)，final(最后的)，east(东方的)，last(最后的)等。
3．有些形容词和副词变比较级或最高级时为不规则变化，需牢记。如：gd/well—better—best bad/ill—wrse—wrstmany/much—mre—mst little—less—least ld—lder/elder—ldest/eldestfar—farther—farthest(指具体空间上)far—further—furthest(指抽象程度上)
4．以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，先把y变为i再加-er和-est。如：easy—easier—easiesthappy—happier—happiestearly—earlier—earliest5．“否定词语＋比较级”也可表示最高级含义。N man is better than yu in the wrld.人世间没有人比你好。I haven't read a mre interesting nvel.这是我读过的最有趣的小说了。
单句语法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) Fd became _________ (easy) t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn't have t d as much wrk and s didn't grw t be s large.②(2022·全国甲卷) Where trial-and-errr was used, the cckats did _________ (well) than mnkeys in similar tests.③(2022·全国乙卷) It is believed that tday's children and teenagers are cnsuming three times the recmmended level f sugar, putting them at a _________ (high) risk f the disease.
④(2022·浙江卷) Yet prperly understd, the age f electricity is merely the secnd stage in the age f steam, which began a century __________(early)．⑤(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) If fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third __________ (large) prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.⑥(2022·全国甲卷) The realizatin that this is a precius land, t be respected by humans, was ne f the ________ (big) things that hit hme t Ginni.
⑦(2021·浙江卷) My mther lked s much shrter _______ I remembered.⑧(2021·全国甲卷)After spending sme time lking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time fr sme actin and what _________(gd) than t ride n a piece f histry!
1．看到与than连用，要想到用比较级；看到比较级，要想到than。2．看到语境中暗含的比较含义，要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)。3．在句子中如果是作定语、表语、宾补或表示心理状态的状语，则用形容词。4．如果修饰整个句子、动词或形容词，则用副词。5．看到and，but，r等连词前或后用的比较等级形式，要想到用比较等级。
层级一 基础达标练单句语法填空1．Last Octber，while tending her garden in Mra，Sweden，Lena Pahlssn pulled ut a handful f small__________(carrt) and was abut t thrw them away.解析：考查名词复数。根据上文的a handful f可知，此处表示一把小胡萝卜，所以应用carrt的复数形式。故填carrts。
2．Then，handle the mst imprtant tasks first s yu'll feel a real sense f ______________(achieve)．解析：考查名词。介词后接名词，a real sense f achievement意为“一种真实的成就感”。故填achievement。3．—Why nt buy a secnd-hand car first if yu dn't have enugh mney fr a new ne?—That's a gd _____________(suggest)．解析：考查名词。根据句意可知，此处用提示词suggest 的名词形式，由空前的a可知，用单数形式。故填suggestin。
achievement
4．Althugh he researches clning，his ____________(intend) has never been t create cpies f humans.解析：考查名词。形容词性物主代词his后接名词，intentin n．目的，打算。因后面的谓语为单数形式，所以此处应填名词的单数形式。故填intentin。5．Cming t anther cuntry t study requires a big _____________ (adjust) and it takes a while t fit in.解析：考查名词。requires 后面要跟名词作宾语，所以要填adjust的名词形式，再由空前的a可知，用单数形式。故填adjustment。
adjustment
6．In the early __________(fifty)，researchers fund that peple scred higher n intelligence tests if they spke mre than ne language.解析：考查基数词。表示“在五十年代”用“in the＋整十的基数词的复数”。故填fifties。7．She is the __________(twelve) tutr，wh has cme t lk after his children since their mther died.解析：考查序数词。数词前面有the，应该用其序数词形式。故填twelfth。
8．The ld man ges t the park every ________(three) day，jgging with his fellws.解析：考查序数词。“every＋序数词＋day/mnth/year”表示“每几天/月/年”。故填third。9．But the successful test drilling fr fire ice des nt mean it can be extracted fr_____________(industry) use.解析：考查形容词。根据空前的介词fr和空后的名词use可知，空处应填形容词来修饰名词。注意industry变形容词时，要变y为i，再加-al。故填industrial。
industrial
10．Have yu ever been ______________(embarrass) because f frgetting smething imprtant?解析：考查形容词。根据语境可知，空处所填词作表语，主语为人，表示“窘迫的，尴尬的”，因此应用-ed形式的形容词。故填embarrassed。11．The _______ (much) the students learn abut the university，the easier it will be fr them t adapt t the envirnment.解析：考查比较级。本句为“the＋比较级……，the＋比较级……”结构。故填mre。
embarrassed
12．The wrld's ppulatin is increasing at a _____________(surprise) rate and we are in danger f destructin.解析：考查形容词。此处表示“世界人口以惊人的速度增长”，修饰物，所以此处要用-ing形式的形容词。故填surprising。13．Nwadays it's the secnd __________(large) city in Bulgaria and it's a significant ecnmic，educatinal and cultural center.解析：考查形容词最高级。由空前的the secnd和空后的表示范围的in Bulgaria可知，空处应用最高级形式。故填largest。
14．Indians start practicing yga at a very yung age，s their bdies are even ___________(strng)．解析：考查形容词比较级。根据语境及空前的修饰语even可知，此处应用形容词的比较级形式。故填strnger。15．There isn't much traffic n Sunday，s ____________(hpe) we'll arrive in time fr the cncert.解析：考查副词。空处在此修饰s后面的整个句子，应用副词形式。故填hpefully。
层级二 高考真题练1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP's main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate ______________ (ppulatin) and hmes f giant pandas.解析：考查名词复数。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系。设空处和and后的复数名词hmes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词ppulatin (种群)的复数的形式。故填ppulatins。
2．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)He saved my _________ (sn) life, said Mrs. Brwn.解析：考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词sn之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填sn's。 3．(2022·全国乙卷)China has a ______________ (respnsible) t wrk with ther cuntries t prmte the healthy develpment f the tea industry.解析：考查名词。中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填respnsibility。
respnsibility
4．(2022·浙江卷)When the answer was n, she declined the _________ (invite)．解析：考查名词。句意：当答案是否定的时候，她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语。故填invitatin。
5．(2022·高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP's main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate ppulatins and hmes f giant pandas, and _____________ (eventual)achieve a desired level f ppulatin in the wild.解析：考查副词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处后为动词achieve，设空处应用副词eventually作状语，修饰动词achieve。故填eventually。
eventually
6．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)They bth fell _________ (sleep) while watching TV.解析：考查形容词。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词，意为“睡觉”，其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配，意为“熟睡的”，asleep符合句意。故填asleep。
7．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)When he lked dwn, he _______________ (accidental ) slipped and fell ver the edge.解析：考查副词。句意：当他往下看时，不小心滑了一跤，从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词，意为“意外的，失误的”，其副词为accidentally，意为“意外地，失误地”，符合句意。故填accidentally。
accidentally
8．(2022·全国甲卷)Ca believes this will make the hiking trip even mre _____________ (meaning)．解析：考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
meaningful
9．(2022·全国甲卷)In 2016, he reached the tp f Kilimanjar, Africa's __________ (high) muntain.解析：考查形容词最高级。句意： 2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa's可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
10．(2022·全国乙卷)As a main prmter f the Internatinal Tea Day, the birth place f tea and the __________ (large) tea-prducing cuntry, China has a respnsibility t wrk with ther cuntries t prmte the healthy develpment f the tea industry.解析：考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
11．(2022·浙江卷1月)On a website called N Fly Climate Sci, fr example, __________(rugh) 200 academics—many f them climate scientists have prmised t fly as little as pssible since the effrt started tw years ag. 解析：考查副词。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行气候科学”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者—其中许多是气候科学家承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词rughly“粗略地；大约”。故填rughly。
12．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The rlling sea f cluds yu see nce yu are at the tp will remind yu hw tiny we_________(human) are.解析：考查名词复数。句意：一旦你到达山顶，你所看到的滚滚云海将提醒你我们人类是多么渺小。表示“人类”，常用复数名词humans，此处作同位语。故填humans。
13．(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)A cmpany _________________ (represent) wrte back and tld me the airline was switching ver frm plastic t paper cups n all f its 1,200 daily flights.解析：考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1 200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数。故填representative。
representative
14．(2021·浙江卷)In 1844 they bught it fr $1,200 and sme land frm Charles Dresser, wh perfrmed their ___________ (marry)ceremny in 1842.解析：考查名词。句意：1844年，他们以1 200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了它(这座房子)和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知，此处要用名词形式；结合设空处后的ceremny，可知此处意为“婚礼”；提示词marry为动词，其名词形式为marriage，marriage ceremny意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。
15．(2021·浙江卷1月)It is calculated by dividing a ____________ (persn) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI f between 19 and 25 is cnsidered healthy.解析：考查名词所有格。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，persn是修饰weight的，要用 persn的名词所有格persn's。故填persn's。
16．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)It will ______________(undubted) help yu get refreshed!解析：考查副词。句意：它无疑会帮助你恢复精力！修饰动词，所以用副词。故填undubtedly。 17．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The amazing thing abut the spring is that the clder the temperature gets, the_________(ht) the spring!解析：考查形容词比较级。句意为：泉的神奇之处在于温度越低，泉水就越热！本句为固定句型：the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..，表示“越……越……”。故填htter。
18．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thugh it is the nly unnatural thing n yur way up the muntain, still it highlights the whle adventure and ffers a place where yu can sit dwn t rest yur _________(ache) legs.解析：考查形容词。句意：虽然这是你上山途中唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并提供了一个地方，你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的腿。ache和它所修饰的词之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。aching也可看作形容词，是“疼痛的”的含义。故填aching。
19．(2021·全国高考Ⅱ卷)I tld him hw __________ (harm) plastic culd be t the envirnment and asked him t cnsider using mre ec-friendly ptins.解析：考查形容词。句意：我告诉他塑料对环境的危害，并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为hw引导的宾语从句，hw之后接形容词或副词，根据culd be，所以用形容词。故填harmful。
20．(2021·浙江卷)When the huse was built, it was much __________ (small)than it is tday.解析：考查形容词比较级。句意：这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知，此处考查形容词比较级固定结构much＋比较级＋than，提示词small的比较级形式为smaller。故填smaller。
21．(2021·浙江卷1月)But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural peple in many cuntries had narrwed __________(sharp)．解析：考查副词。句意：但30年后，许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知，sharp是要修饰动词narrw，用sharp的副词形式sharply。故填sharply。
22．(2021·浙江卷1月)This may be due t sme disadvantages fr peple living in the cuntryside, including ________ (lw) levels f incme and educatin, higher csts f healthy fds, and fewer sprts facilities.解析：考查形容词比较级。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，including说明的是一些不利条件，且后面有higher和fewer，是并列关系，所以lw也应该用比较级形式。故填lwer。
23．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)It will really help cnncet ur residents thrugh a shared___________ (interesting) and creative activities.解析：考查名词。句意：这将真正有助于通过共同的兴趣和创造性的活动来凝聚我们的居民。根据空前的形容词shared以及前的a可知，空处应填名词，interest此是可数名词。故填interest。
24．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Yu might think abut psting what yu lking fr n scial media, but it prbably wn't result in a useful___________ (respnd)．解析：考查名词。句意：你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你正在寻找的事情，但它可能不会导致一个有用的回应。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填respnse。
25．(2020·新课标Ⅲ卷)Filled with ____________ (curius), the artist packed his bags and left.解析：考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curisity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curisity。
26．(2020·浙江卷)Later，they learned t wrk with the __________ (seasn)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas, making use f annual flds t irrigate(灌溉)their fields.解析：考查名词复数。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词的词性为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasns。
27．(2020·浙江卷1月)Fr Japan, the__________(number)are mre striking—22 in 1950, 46 tday and 53 in 2050.解析：考查名词复数。句意：对日本来说，这个数字更加惊人——1950年是22岁，今天是46岁，2050年是53岁。number为可数名词表示“数字”，且根据下文are可知主语应用复数形式。故填numbers。
28．(2022·浙江卷1月)She desn't wrk in summer, as it wuld be _______________ (unpleasant) ht fr the animals in the car, even with air cnditining.解析：考查副词。句意：她夏天不工作，因为即使有空间，对车里的动物来说，天气也会热得不舒服。空处修饰形容词ht，应使用unpleasant的副词形式。故填unpleasantly。
unpleasantly
29．(2020·新课标Ⅱ卷)____________ (certain) during the hliday perid, this plant is a must.解析：考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语作时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能符合句子结构，用副词形式作状语。故填Certainly。30．(2022·新课标Ⅰ卷)My partner psted her request n the ntice bard f a ________ (lcatity) park.解析：考查形容词。句意：我的搭档把她的要求贴在当地公园的告示板上。修饰名词park，用形容词形式。故填lcal。
31．(2020·新课标Ⅲ卷)One day the emperr wanted t get his prtrait (画像) dne s he called all great artists t cme and present their _________ (fine) wrk, s that he culd chse the best.解析：考查形容词最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
32．(2020·新课标Ⅲ卷)As the small bat mved _________ (gentle) alng the river he was left speechless by the muntains being silently reflected in the water.解析：考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词mved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
33．(2020·浙江卷1月)The first is declining birthrates, which means ld generatins are large cmpared t yunger generatins, and s, n average, the ppulatin becmes ________(ld)than befre.解析：考查形容词比较级。句意：首先是出生率的下降，这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多，因此，平均而言，人口比以前老龄化。根据下文than befre可知应用形容词比较级。故填lder。
34．(2020·浙江卷1月)This is_______________(particular)true in the US. The secnd reasn is that peple are living lnger.解析：考查副词。句意：在美国尤其如此。此处修饰形容词true应用副词。故填particularly。35．(2020·山东卷)In the 18th and 19th centuries, __________ (wealth) peple travelled and cllected plants, histrical bjects and wrks f art.解析：考查形容词。句意：在18和19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词peple，应使用形容词，作定语。故填wealthy。
particularly
层级三 语篇提能练语法填空Passage 1 名词篇Decrating with Plants，Fruits and Flwers fr Chinese New YearChinese New Year is a __________________(celebrate) marking the end f the winter seasn and the _______________(begin) f spring.This is why decrating with plants，fruits and flwers carries special ________________ (significant)．They represent the earth cming back t ____________(live) and best wishes fr new beginnings.
1.celebratin
2.beginning
3.significance
These are sme f the mst ppular in many parts f the cuntry：Oranges：Orange trees are mre than __________________(decrate)；they are a symbl f gd frtune and _____________(wealthy)．They make great gifts and yu see them many _____________(time) decrated with red envelpes and messages f gd frtune.Bamb：Chinese lve their“Lucky Bamb” plants and yu will see them ften in their hmes and ffices.Certainly during the hliday perid，this plant is _________ must.Bamb plants are assciated with health，abundance and a happy hme.They are easy t care fr and make great ________________(present)．
9.presents
__________________(branch) f Plum Blssms(梅花)：The beautiful lng branches cvered with pink-clred buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decratins.The plum trees are the first t flwer even as the snw is melting(融化)．They represent the prmise f spring and a renewal f life.语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国新年常见的三种装饰物——橘子树、富贵竹和梅花枝，以及它们的美好寓意。
10.Branches
解析：1．考查名词。由空前的不定冠词a可知，后接名词形式。故填celebratin。2．考查名词。和前面的the end f the winter seasn并列，是名词词组，begin的名词形式为beginning。故填beginning。3．考查名词。此处作谓语动词carries的宾语，应该用名词形式。故填significance。4．考查名词。作介词t的宾语，用名词或动名词形式，结合句意可知填life。故填life。
5．考查名词。根据句意以及句子结构可知，应用名词形式。故填decratin。6．考查名词。与gd frtune共同作f的宾语，所以用名词形式。故填wealth。7．考查名词复数。time表示次数，是可数名词，用在many 之后。故填times。8．考查冠词。must此处表示“必须做(或看、买等)的事”，是可数名词，且发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
9．考查名词复数。present作“礼物，礼品”讲，是可数名词，此处表示泛指。故填presents。10．考查名词复数。可数名词出现时，要么前面加冠词，要么用复数形式表泛指。此处branch前面没有冠词及其他限定词，所以只能用其复数形式。位于句首，注意首字母大写。故填Branches。
Passage 2 形容词和副词篇Visitrs t Britain may find the ____________(gd) place t enjy lcal culture is in a _________________(traditin) pub. A team f researchers have discvered sme f the unknwn culture f British pubs—starting with the_____________(difficult) f getting a drink. This may sund incnvenient, but there is a ______________(hide) meaning.
2.traditinal
3.difficulty
Pub culture is frmed t imprve sciability in a sciety that is knwn fr its cldness. Standing at the bar fr service allws yu t chat with thers wh are waiting t be served. The bar cunter is ________________(pssible) the nly place in Britain where a ________________(friend) talk with strangers is cnsidered t be ________________ (entire) prper and really quite nrmal behavir. _______________, if yu d nt fllw the lcal rules，the experience may fall flat. Fr example, if yu are in a big grup，it is best fr ne r tw peple t g t buy the drinks. Nthing makes the regular custmers and bar staff angry ________(much) than a grup f ___________ (strange) blcking all passages t the bar while they chat and hesitate abut what t rder.
6.friendly
10.strangers
语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。讲述的是关于享受英国文化最好的去处：酒吧。
解析：1．考查形容词最高级。根据语境分析可知，此处暗含了一定的范围，即“在英国”，所以应填提示词的最高级形式。故填best。2．考查形容词。分析句子成分可知，此处应该填一个形容词作定语，修饰名词pub，所以填提示词的形容词形式。故填traditinal。3．考查名词。所填单词前有定冠词the，其后有介词，因此应填写difficult的名词形式。故填difficulty。
4．考查形容词。hidden是hide的过去分词，又可作形容词，意思是“隐藏的”。此处修饰名词meaning。故填hidden。5．考查副词。此处在句中修饰系动词，作状语，应该填提示词的副词形式。故填pssibly。6．考查形容词。根据语境“与陌生人友好的交谈”可知，此处在句中作定语，应填提示词的形容词形式。故填friendly。7．考查副词。此处在句中作状语，修饰形容词prper，应填提示词的副词形式。故填entirely。
Mr. Smith is very busy because he runs several cmpanies①.He wrks seven days① a week and 12 mnths② a year.In his spare time he likes watching ftball matches③.He likes eating tmates④ but he desn't eat vegetables with leaves⑤.He has tw pet hrses⑥ and he ften rides them with his friends n Mr. Black's farm⑦ because he thinks the scenery f the farm⑧ is very beautiful.
1．可数名词变复数①以辅音字母加-y结尾的名词，变-y为-i加-es；以元音字母加-y结尾的名词，加-s。②以-th结尾的名词加-s。③以-s，-x，-ch，-sh结尾的名词后加-es(如果词尾-ch发音为/k/，要加-s，如stmach)。④以-结尾加-es 的单词有：英雄(heres)吃土豆(ptates)番茄(tmates)，其他多直接加-s。⑤以-f或-fe结尾的词，多变-f或-fe为-v，再加-es。但也有直接加-s的单词，如：屋顶(rf)上的首领(chief)有信仰(belief)。⑥更多的可数名词是直接加-s。
2．名词作定语往往是说明其中名词的材料、用途、时间、地点、内容、类别等。多为单数名词作定语，但wman，man作定语时，要用复数形式表达复数概念。3．名词的所有格⑦有生命名词，不以-s结尾的名词加-'s；以-s结尾的单数名词和复数名词都加-'。⑧无生命名词，通常用f所有格表示。⑨双重所有格的构成形式为：“名词＋f＋名词所有格”或者“名词＋f＋名词性物主代词”。
1．不规则变化的名词复数(1)通过内部元音变化构成复数。如：ft—feet脚 gse—geese鹅 tth—teeth牙齿muse—mice老鼠 man—men男人wman—wmen女人(2)有些名词的单复数形式相同。如：sheep—sheep绵羊deer—deer鹿
Chinese—Chinese中国人Japanese—Japanese日本人means—means方法series—series系列species—species物种(3)有的名词在词尾加-ren或-en构成复数。如：child—children 孩子x—xen 公牛
(4)由man，wman构成的复合名词在变成复数时，与man，wman的变化形式相同。如：gentleman—gentlemen先生Englishman—Englishmen英国男子pliceman—plicemen男警察chairwman—chairwmen女主席businessman—businessmen商人craftsman—craftsmen工匠，手艺人注意：German的复数形式为Germans。
(5)外来词的不规则复数形式。如：analysis—analyses分析 basis—bases基础 crisis—crises危机 thesis—theses论文 medium—media媒介物 phenmenn—phenmena现象
2．复合名词的单复数变化(1)中间没有连字符也没有间隔的复合名词将最后一个词变成复数形式。如：birthday—birthdays生日 blackbard—blackbards黑板 bkshelf—bkshelves书架 gentleman—gentlemen绅士
(2)中间有连字符或间隔的复合名词将其中主要的词变成复数形式。如：bk wrm—bk wrms sn-in-law—sns-in-law lker-n—lkers-n passer-by—passers-by stry-teller—stry-tellers(3)无主体名词时通常在最后一个词后加复数词尾。如：grwn-up—grwn-ups standby—standbys
3．名词所有格的特殊形式(1)并列的名词变所有格时，若表示不同的所有关系，则分别在两个名词后加-'s；如果表示共有关系，则只在最后一个名词后加-'s。如：Kate and Mary's rm凯特和玛丽共有的房间Kate's and Mary's rms凯特和玛丽各自的房间(2)表示店铺或某人的家时，名词所有格之后的shp，huse，hme等常省去。如：at the dctr's (ffice)在(医生的)诊所里at the barber's (shp)在理发店at Mr. Green's (huse)在格林先生家
单句语法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) Yu and yur partner will prbably have different _________ (skill)．②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) All the ______________ (assignment) will be submitted by the assigned date thrugh Blackbard, ur nline learning and curse management system.③(2022·全国甲卷) The New Theatre has been the hme f quality drama, musicals, dance and ______________ (children) shws fr mre than 100 years.
assignments
children's
④(2022·全国乙卷) That can be dangerus wrk that culd be avided with drnes assisting the __________ (crew) effrts.⑤(2022·全国乙卷) Csts wuld be cut and _____________ (perate) wuld be mre efficient acrss the bard.⑥(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) My husband, ur children and I have had wnderful camping ______________ (experience) ver the past ten years.⑦(2021·全国乙卷) _____________ (activity) there range frm whale watching t hiking (远足) and accmmdatins aim t have a lw impact n the natural envirnment.
experiences
Activities
⑧(2021·浙江卷) During the training stage, each dg was shwn nly the upper half r the lwer half f the ____________ (persn) face.
二、不可数名词 T learn mre knwledge①，I have t d lts f hmewrk① every day and have n time① t have fun② r d husewrk①.Last week we had an exam but I didn't perfrm well. Hwever，my teacher said that I had made great prgress②.S this exam is nt a failure③.On the cntrary，it is a success③ in a way.
①不可数名词没有复数形式，也不能与不定冠词连用。②fun，weather，prgress，advice，infrmatin为永久性不可数名词，前面不能加不定冠词，也不能具体化。③抽象名词具体化：•表示情感情绪等的抽象名词强调具体的人或事的时候，可以在前面加不定冠词，如a surprise，a cmfrt，a must等。•表示“一……”的概念时，常与动词构成词组，名词前常常有形容词。如have a gd time，have a gd knwledge/cmmand f，a sense f pride 等。
不可以用数目计算，多为物质名词或抽象名词，没有复数形式，常见的不可数名词有：
单句改错①What a fun it is t have a get-tgether in such a place!______________②Oh，Jhn，what pleasant surprise yu gave us!____________③He gave us sme advices n hw t study English.____________________
advices→advice
④He felt that he needed mre knwledges abut imprt and exprt.__________________________⑤I need a wrk t supprt myself，fr I can't always depend n my parents.________
knwledges→knwledge
1．根据所处位置判断是否填入名词形式。如谓语动词之前后、介词之后、形容词之后、冠词或数词之后。2．单数可数名词不能单独使用，要与冠词、指示代词、不定代词等连用，否则就用复数形式表示复数含义。3．注意固定短语中名词的单复数。4．注意名词应该与其修饰语保持数的一致。5．不可数名词没有复数形式，不能与不定冠词连用。
Mister Smith is 60① years ld and yesterday was his 60th② birthday.He still remembers in the 1990s③ when he was in his thirties③，he drank dzens f④ bttles f beer a day.Hwever，he spent thusands f④ dllars in hspital.Later，tw fifths⑤ f his spare time was spent in taking exercise.①数词的基本形式为基数词。②表示数词的顺序往往用序数词。大部分是在基数词的基础上加－th。以－y结尾的基数词变序数词，把－y变成－ie＋－th。
③“in the＋逢十的基数词的复数”表示“在某个世纪几十年代”。“in ne's＋逢十的基数词的复数”表示“在某人几十多岁时”。④具体数字＋dzen/scre/hundred/thusand/millin 等词时，后面直接加名词复数；表示笼统数目时，用dzens/scres/hundreds/thusands/ millins f＋名词复数。⑤分数表达：分子用基数词，分母用序数词。当分子大于1时，分母序数词加－s，如1/3：ne third,2/3：tw thirds。
1．易错基数词thirteen十三 furteen十四 fifteen十五 eighteen十八 nineteen十九 twenty二十 thirty三十 frty四十 fifty五十 ninety九十2．易错序数词first第一 secnd第二 third第三 furth第四 fifth第五 eighth第八 ninth第九 eleventh第十一 twelfth第十二
单句语法填空①(2022·全国甲卷)After ur ________ (three) run Andrew shut dwn the engine, and we went ur separate ways — he fr a lunch break, I t explre the city.②(2022·全国甲卷)Nw, Ca has started the _________ (tw) part f his dream t walk alng the Belt and Rad rute.③(2022·全国乙卷)Can a small grup f drnes guarantee the safety and reliability f railways and, at the same time, help railway peratrs save ___________ (billin) f eurs each year?
④Peter gt a mdel ship frm his uncle n his _____________(thirteen) birthday.⑤Tw _________(three) f the students in ur class have been t Disneyland smewhere.⑥Linda，there are t many mistakes in the ________(nine) line f yur passage.⑦He made quite a few friends during his ___________(twenty)．⑧It is reprted that the earthquake has left ____________(thusand) f peple hmeless.
1．需要使用数词时，要先看清是使用该词的基数词形式还是序数词形式。2．使用序数词时，注意前面一般要有定冠词the。3．注意固定用法中的数词的使用及与冠词、介词的搭配，如in the 1820s，in his 30s，thusands f等。
一、形容词和副词的基本用法I bught an interesting① nvel yesterday.The bk is s interesting② that I can hardly let g f it. Wrried③ abut my study，my mther tk it away.Hwever，I fund my mther absrbed④ in it.
①修饰名词，往往用形容词作定语。②在系动词之后，往往用形容词作表语。③表示情绪和精神状态的形容词可以作状语。④在感官类或使役动词＋宾语之后，形容词可以作宾补，说明宾语的状态。My mther is reading the nvel attentively① nw and she is quite① mved by it.Obviusly②，she wn't return the bk t me sn.①副词可以描述某个动作的情况或者描述动作、行为或状态的程度。②副词可以放在句首，作评论性状语，修饰整个句子。
1．名词、动词变形容词名词、动词变形容词-able，-al，-ful，-ed，-ing-y，-ern，-ish，-ic-ible，-ive，-us，-sme2．形容词变副词形容词不同词尾变副词加(-ly)的口诀：(一般直接加) clear→clearly清楚地 great→greatly很，大大地(元e去e加) true→truly真实地
(辅y变i加) happy→happily高兴地 heavy→heavily沉重地(-le尾e变y) terrible→terribly可怕地 gentle→gently轻轻地(-ll尾只加y) full→fully完全地 dull→dully迟钝地(-ic加ally) basic→basically主要地 scientific→scientifically 合乎科学地
3．-ed形容词修饰物的用法-ed形容词通常用于说明人的感受，常译为“感到……的”，强调人自身的情感波动；修饰事物时，则多修饰smile(微笑)，feeling(感觉)，cry(叫声)，face(表情)，vice(声音)，lk(表情)，eye(眼神)，expressin(表情)等表示某人情感状况的名词。He had a pleased smile n his face.他脸上露出了满意的微笑。He tld me the news in a very excited vice.他以非常激动的声音告诉了我这个消息。
4．同根副词加-ly和不加-ly有些副词不加-ly与其形容词表达的含义是一样的，而加了－ly之后的副词，其词义往往发生改变，具有抽象意义，表示程度。如：clse靠近地 clsely密切地，仔细地hard努力地 hardly几乎不late晚，迟 lately最近，不久前mst最，极其 mstly通常，主要地wide指距离宽 widely广泛地deep指具体深度 deeply深深地，非常，强烈地high指具体高度 highly高度地，非常
单句语法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)I’m enjying the creative activities, and it feels great t have dne smething _________ (use)．②(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the ___________ (create) sessins.③(2022·全国甲卷)With an _____________ (impress) 2,000-seat cncert hall, St David's Hall is hme t the annual Welsh Prms Cardiff.
impressive
④(2022·全国甲卷)I cnsidered this when I met a _____________ (thught) yung businessman named Anthny.⑤(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Yu'll ___________ (actual) shw up if yu knw smene is waiting fr yu at the gym.⑥(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)After a three-year pilt perid, the GPNP will be _____________ (fficial) set up next year.⑦(2022·全国乙卷)The mre ____________ (regular) they can be inspected, the mre railway safety, reliability and n-time perfrmance will be imprved.
regularly
⑧(2021·全国甲)Suppsedly yu can d it in tw hurs, but we stpped at the different gates and watchtwers t take pictures r just t watch the lcal peple ging abut their ________(day) rutines.
二、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级In my family，my mther is the thinnest①.My father is much taller② than her and me，but he is twice as heavy as③ my mther，and becming fatter and fatter④.He is quite wrried because the fatter⑤ he is，the mre likely⑤ he is t be ill.①形容词和副词变比较级或最高级，一般直接加-er或-est，以e结尾直接加-r或-st；一元一辅结尾注意双写结尾辅音，多音节词前面加mre或the mst。
两者或两部分之间比较，多用比较级；三者或三者以上的比较，可以使用最高级。②比较级常常和than连用，并且可以被much，a little，a bit，even，far，still 等词修饰。③倍数表达法：•A＋谓语＋倍数＋adj./adv.比较级＋than＋B•A＋谓语＋倍数＋as＋adj./adv.原级(＋名词)＋as＋B•A＋谓语＋倍数＋the＋名词(size，length，height，weight等)＋f＋B
④“adj./adv.比较级＋and＋adj./adv.比较级”表示“越来越……”。⑤“the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..”表示“越……，就越……”。
1．有少数几个双音节形容词，既可以加-er和-est，又可以加mre和mst构成比较级和最高级。这些双音节词是：cmmn，handsme，quiet，pleasant，cruel，stupid，tired和以-w，-er结尾的词。2．有些形容词没有程度可分或形容词本身就表示某种程度，因此没有比较级和最高级。这类形容词有：right(正确的)，wrng(错误的)，excellent(优秀的)，pssible(可能的)，empty(空的)，first(第一的)，wden(木制的)，final(最后的)，east(东方的)，last(最后的)等。
3．有些形容词和副词变比较级或最高级时为不规则变化，需牢记。如：gd/well—better—best bad/ill—wrse—wrstmany/much—mre—mst little—less—least ld—lder/elder—ldest/eldestfar—farther—farthest(指具体空间上)far—further—furthest(指抽象程度上)
4．以“辅音字母＋y”结尾的词，先把y变为i再加-er和-est。如：easy—easier—easiesthappy—happier—happiestearly—earlier—earliest5．“否定词语＋比较级”也可表示最高级含义。N man is better than yu in the wrld.人世间没有人比你好。I haven't read a mre interesting nvel.这是我读过的最有趣的小说了。
单句语法填空①(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) Fd became _________ (easy) t chew at this pint. The jawbne didn't have t d as much wrk and s didn't grw t be s large.②(2022·全国甲卷) Where trial-and-errr was used, the cckats did _________ (well) than mnkeys in similar tests.③(2022·全国乙卷) It is believed that tday's children and teenagers are cnsuming three times the recmmended level f sugar, putting them at a _________ (high) risk f the disease.
④(2022·浙江卷) Yet prperly understd, the age f electricity is merely the secnd stage in the age f steam, which began a century __________(early)．⑤(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷) If fd waste were a cuntry, it wuld be the third __________ (large) prducer f greenhuse gases in the wrld.⑥(2022·全国甲卷) The realizatin that this is a precius land, t be respected by humans, was ne f the ________ (big) things that hit hme t Ginni.
⑦(2021·浙江卷) My mther lked s much shrter _______ I remembered.⑧(2021·全国甲卷)After spending sme time lking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time fr sme actin and what _________(gd) than t ride n a piece f histry!
1．看到与than连用，要想到用比较级；看到比较级，要想到than。2．看到语境中暗含的比较含义，要想到用比较级(二者之间)或最高级(三者及以上)。3．在句子中如果是作定语、表语、宾补或表示心理状态的状语，则用形容词。4．如果修饰整个句子、动词或形容词，则用副词。5．看到and，but，r等连词前或后用的比较等级形式，要想到用比较等级。
层级一 基础达标练单句语法填空1．Last Octber，while tending her garden in Mra，Sweden，Lena Pahlssn pulled ut a handful f small__________(carrt) and was abut t thrw them away.解析：考查名词复数。根据上文的a handful f可知，此处表示一把小胡萝卜，所以应用carrt的复数形式。故填carrts。
2．Then，handle the mst imprtant tasks first s yu'll feel a real sense f ______________(achieve)．解析：考查名词。介词后接名词，a real sense f achievement意为“一种真实的成就感”。故填achievement。3．—Why nt buy a secnd-hand car first if yu dn't have enugh mney fr a new ne?—That's a gd _____________(suggest)．解析：考查名词。根据句意可知，此处用提示词suggest 的名词形式，由空前的a可知，用单数形式。故填suggestin。
achievement
4．Althugh he researches clning，his ____________(intend) has never been t create cpies f humans.解析：考查名词。形容词性物主代词his后接名词，intentin n．目的，打算。因后面的谓语为单数形式，所以此处应填名词的单数形式。故填intentin。5．Cming t anther cuntry t study requires a big _____________ (adjust) and it takes a while t fit in.解析：考查名词。requires 后面要跟名词作宾语，所以要填adjust的名词形式，再由空前的a可知，用单数形式。故填adjustment。
adjustment
6．In the early __________(fifty)，researchers fund that peple scred higher n intelligence tests if they spke mre than ne language.解析：考查基数词。表示“在五十年代”用“in the＋整十的基数词的复数”。故填fifties。7．She is the __________(twelve) tutr，wh has cme t lk after his children since their mther died.解析：考查序数词。数词前面有the，应该用其序数词形式。故填twelfth。
8．The ld man ges t the park every ________(three) day，jgging with his fellws.解析：考查序数词。“every＋序数词＋day/mnth/year”表示“每几天/月/年”。故填third。9．But the successful test drilling fr fire ice des nt mean it can be extracted fr_____________(industry) use.解析：考查形容词。根据空前的介词fr和空后的名词use可知，空处应填形容词来修饰名词。注意industry变形容词时，要变y为i，再加-al。故填industrial。
industrial
10．Have yu ever been ______________(embarrass) because f frgetting smething imprtant?解析：考查形容词。根据语境可知，空处所填词作表语，主语为人，表示“窘迫的，尴尬的”，因此应用-ed形式的形容词。故填embarrassed。11．The _______ (much) the students learn abut the university，the easier it will be fr them t adapt t the envirnment.解析：考查比较级。本句为“the＋比较级……，the＋比较级……”结构。故填mre。
embarrassed
12．The wrld's ppulatin is increasing at a _____________(surprise) rate and we are in danger f destructin.解析：考查形容词。此处表示“世界人口以惊人的速度增长”，修饰物，所以此处要用-ing形式的形容词。故填surprising。13．Nwadays it's the secnd __________(large) city in Bulgaria and it's a significant ecnmic，educatinal and cultural center.解析：考查形容词最高级。由空前的the secnd和空后的表示范围的in Bulgaria可知，空处应用最高级形式。故填largest。
14．Indians start practicing yga at a very yung age，s their bdies are even ___________(strng)．解析：考查形容词比较级。根据语境及空前的修饰语even可知，此处应用形容词的比较级形式。故填strnger。15．There isn't much traffic n Sunday，s ____________(hpe) we'll arrive in time fr the cncert.解析：考查副词。空处在此修饰s后面的整个句子，应用副词形式。故填hpefully。
层级二 高考真题练1．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP's main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate ______________ (ppulatin) and hmes f giant pandas.解析：考查名词复数。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系。设空处和and后的复数名词hmes并列在句中作宾语，应用可数名词ppulatin (种群)的复数的形式。故填ppulatins。
2．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)He saved my _________ (sn) life, said Mrs. Brwn.解析：考查名词所有格。句意：他拯救了我儿子的生命。根据句意，life与提示词sn之间是所属关系，故应该使用名词所有格。故填sn's。 3．(2022·全国乙卷)China has a ______________ (respnsible) t wrk with ther cuntries t prmte the healthy develpment f the tea industry.解析：考查名词。中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。不定冠词a后接可数名词的单数形式。故填respnsibility。
respnsibility
4．(2022·浙江卷)When the answer was n, she declined the _________ (invite)．解析：考查名词。句意：当答案是否定的时候，她拒绝了那个邀请。此处需填入名词作动词decline的宾语。故填invitatin。
5．(2022·高考Ⅰ卷)The GPNP's main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate ppulatins and hmes f giant pandas, and _____________ (eventual)achieve a desired level f ppulatin in the wild.解析：考查副词。句意：GPNP的主要目标是改善不同种群和大熊猫家园之间的联系，最终达到理想的野生大熊猫数量水平。设空处后为动词achieve，设空处应用副词eventually作状语，修饰动词achieve。故填eventually。
eventually
6．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)They bth fell _________ (sleep) while watching TV.解析：考查形容词。句意：他们俩看电视的时候都睡着了。根据句子结构可知，设空处应该填写形容词作表语。sleep为动词，意为“睡觉”，其形容词为asleep。fall asleep为固定搭配，意为“熟睡的”，asleep符合句意。故填asleep。
7．(2022·新高考Ⅱ卷)When he lked dwn, he _______________ (accidental ) slipped and fell ver the edge.解析：考查副词。句意：当他往下看时，不小心滑了一跤，从悬崖边上掉了下去。根据句子结构，设空处应该填写副词修饰动词slipped。accidental为形容词，意为“意外的，失误的”，其副词为accidentally，意为“意外地，失误地”，符合句意。故填accidentally。
accidentally
8．(2022·全国甲卷)Ca believes this will make the hiking trip even mre _____________ (meaning)．解析：考查形容词。句意：曹认为这将使这次徒步旅行更加有意义。此处是make复合结构，应用形容词meaningful，作宾语补足语。故填meaningful。
meaningful
9．(2022·全国甲卷)In 2016, he reached the tp f Kilimanjar, Africa's __________ (high) muntain.解析：考查形容词最高级。句意： 2016年，他到达了乞力马扎罗山顶，这是非洲最高的山峰。根据空前Africa's可知，此处表示乞力马扎罗山是非洲最高的山脉，应用形容词最高级。故填highest。
10．(2022·全国乙卷)As a main prmter f the Internatinal Tea Day, the birth place f tea and the __________ (large) tea-prducing cuntry, China has a respnsibility t wrk with ther cuntries t prmte the healthy develpment f the tea industry.解析：考查形容词最高级。句意：中国是茶的发源地和最大产茶国，作为国际茶日的主要推动者，中国有责任与其他国家共同促进茶产业的健康发展。根据定冠词the和常识可知，中国是最大产茶国，所以用形容词的最高级形式。故填largest。
11．(2022·浙江卷1月)On a website called N Fly Climate Sci, fr example, __________(rugh) 200 academics—many f them climate scientists have prmised t fly as little as pssible since the effrt started tw years ag. 解析：考查副词。句意：例如，在一个叫“无飞行气候科学”的网站上，自从两年前成立以来，大约有200个学者—其中许多是气候科学家承诺尽可能少飞行。此处修饰数字用副词rughly“粗略地；大约”。故填rughly。
12．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The rlling sea f cluds yu see nce yu are at the tp will remind yu hw tiny we_________(human) are.解析：考查名词复数。句意：一旦你到达山顶，你所看到的滚滚云海将提醒你我们人类是多么渺小。表示“人类”，常用复数名词humans，此处作同位语。故填humans。
13．(2021·新高考Ⅱ卷)A cmpany _________________ (represent) wrte back and tld me the airline was switching ver frm plastic t paper cups n all f its 1,200 daily flights.解析：考查名词。句意：一位公司代表回信告诉我，该航空公司将把每天1 200个航班的塑料杯换成纸杯。该空作句子主语，用名词，前面有不定冠词修饰，用名词单数。故填representative。
representative
14．(2021·浙江卷)In 1844 they bught it fr $1,200 and sme land frm Charles Dresser, wh perfrmed their ___________ (marry)ceremny in 1842.解析：考查名词。句意：1844年，他们以1 200美元的价格从查尔斯·德莱瑟手中买下了它(这座房子)和一些土地，查尔斯·德莱瑟在1842年举行了他们的婚礼。结合设空前的形容词性物主代词可知，此处要用名词形式；结合设空处后的ceremny，可知此处意为“婚礼”；提示词marry为动词，其名词形式为marriage，marriage ceremny意为“婚礼”。故填marriage。
15．(2021·浙江卷1月)It is calculated by dividing a ____________ (persn) weight in kg by their height in meters squared, and a BMI f between 19 and 25 is cnsidered healthy.解析：考查名词所有格。句意：它的计算方法是用一个人的体重(公斤)除以身高(米)的平方，BMI在19到25之间被认为是健康的。分析句子结构可知，persn是修饰weight的，要用 persn的名词所有格persn's。故填persn's。
16．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)It will ______________(undubted) help yu get refreshed!解析：考查副词。句意：它无疑会帮助你恢复精力！修饰动词，所以用副词。故填undubtedly。 17．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)The amazing thing abut the spring is that the clder the temperature gets, the_________(ht) the spring!解析：考查形容词比较级。句意为：泉的神奇之处在于温度越低，泉水就越热！本句为固定句型：the＋比较级．..，the＋比较级．..，表示“越……越……”。故填htter。
18．(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷)Thugh it is the nly unnatural thing n yur way up the muntain, still it highlights the whle adventure and ffers a place where yu can sit dwn t rest yur _________(ache) legs.解析：考查形容词。句意：虽然这是你上山途中唯一不自然的事情，但它仍然突出了整个冒险，并提供了一个地方，你可以坐下来休息你疼痛的腿。ache和它所修饰的词之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词作定语。aching也可看作形容词，是“疼痛的”的含义。故填aching。
19．(2021·全国高考Ⅱ卷)I tld him hw __________ (harm) plastic culd be t the envirnment and asked him t cnsider using mre ec-friendly ptins.解析：考查形容词。句意：我告诉他塑料对环境的危害，并请他考虑使用更环保的产品。该处为hw引导的宾语从句，hw之后接形容词或副词，根据culd be，所以用形容词。故填harmful。
20．(2021·浙江卷)When the huse was built, it was much __________ (small)than it is tday.解析：考查形容词比较级。句意：这栋房子建成时比现在小得多。结合设空前的much和设空后的than可知，此处考查形容词比较级固定结构much＋比较级＋than，提示词small的比较级形式为smaller。故填smaller。
21．(2021·浙江卷1月)But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural peple in many cuntries had narrwed __________(sharp)．解析：考查副词。句意：但30年后，许多国家城市和农村人口的BMI差异大幅缩小。分析句子结构可知，sharp是要修饰动词narrw，用sharp的副词形式sharply。故填sharply。
22．(2021·浙江卷1月)This may be due t sme disadvantages fr peple living in the cuntryside, including ________ (lw) levels f incme and educatin, higher csts f healthy fds, and fewer sprts facilities.解析：考查形容词比较级。句意：这可能是由于生活在农村的人有一些不利条件，包括较低的收入和教育水平，较高的健康食品成本，以及较少的体育设施。分析句子结构可知，including说明的是一些不利条件，且后面有higher和fewer，是并列关系，所以lw也应该用比较级形式。故填lwer。
23．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)It will really help cnncet ur residents thrugh a shared___________ (interesting) and creative activities.解析：考查名词。句意：这将真正有助于通过共同的兴趣和创造性的活动来凝聚我们的居民。根据空前的形容词shared以及前的a可知，空处应填名词，interest此是可数名词。故填interest。
24．(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷)Yu might think abut psting what yu lking fr n scial media, but it prbably wn't result in a useful___________ (respnd)．解析：考查名词。句意：你可能会考虑在社交媒体上发布你正在寻找的事情，但它可能不会导致一个有用的回应。不定冠词a后接名词形式。故填respnse。
25．(2020·新课标Ⅲ卷)Filled with ____________ (curius), the artist packed his bags and left.解析：考查名词。句意：怀着好奇心，艺术家收拾行囊离开了。with为介词，后跟名词curisity作宾语，表示“好奇心”。故填curisity。
26．(2020·浙江卷)Later，they learned t wrk with the __________ (seasn)，planting at the right time and，in dry areas, making use f annual flds t irrigate(灌溉)their fields.解析：考查名词复数。句意：后来，他们学会了因地制宜，在适当的时间播种，在干旱地区，利用每年的洪水来灌溉农田。分析句子，提示词的词性为可数名词，应用复数形式。故填seasns。
27．(2020·浙江卷1月)Fr Japan, the__________(number)are mre striking—22 in 1950, 46 tday and 53 in 2050.解析：考查名词复数。句意：对日本来说，这个数字更加惊人——1950年是22岁，今天是46岁，2050年是53岁。number为可数名词表示“数字”，且根据下文are可知主语应用复数形式。故填numbers。
28．(2022·浙江卷1月)She desn't wrk in summer, as it wuld be _______________ (unpleasant) ht fr the animals in the car, even with air cnditining.解析：考查副词。句意：她夏天不工作，因为即使有空间，对车里的动物来说，天气也会热得不舒服。空处修饰形容词ht，应使用unpleasant的副词形式。故填unpleasantly。
unpleasantly
29．(2020·新课标Ⅱ卷)____________ (certain) during the hliday perid, this plant is a must.解析：考查副词。句意：当然在假期期间，这种植物是绝对必要的事物。介词短语作时间状语，因此只有改变成副词才能符合句子结构，用副词形式作状语。故填Certainly。30．(2022·新课标Ⅰ卷)My partner psted her request n the ntice bard f a ________ (lcatity) park.解析：考查形容词。句意：我的搭档把她的要求贴在当地公园的告示板上。修饰名词park，用形容词形式。故填lcal。
31．(2020·新课标Ⅲ卷)One day the emperr wanted t get his prtrait (画像) dne s he called all great artists t cme and present their _________ (fine) wrk, s that he culd chse the best.解析：考查形容词最高级。句意：一天，皇帝想让人给他画一幅肖像，于是他把所有伟大的画家都请来，展示他们最好的作品，以便他挑选最好的。结合句意，皇帝想要画家最好的作品，表示“最好的”此处应用形容词最高级finest。故填finest。
32．(2020·新课标Ⅲ卷)As the small bat mved _________ (gentle) alng the river he was left speechless by the muntains being silently reflected in the water.解析：考查副词。句意：当小船缓缓地沿着江面移动时，山在水中的倒影使他说不出话来。此处修饰动词mved应用副词gently作状语，表示“缓缓地”。故填gently。
33．(2020·浙江卷1月)The first is declining birthrates, which means ld generatins are large cmpared t yunger generatins, and s, n average, the ppulatin becmes ________(ld)than befre.解析：考查形容词比较级。句意：首先是出生率的下降，这意味着老一代比年轻一代人口多，因此，平均而言，人口比以前老龄化。根据下文than befre可知应用形容词比较级。故填lder。
34．(2020·浙江卷1月)This is_______________(particular)true in the US. The secnd reasn is that peple are living lnger.解析：考查副词。句意：在美国尤其如此。此处修饰形容词true应用副词。故填particularly。35．(2020·山东卷)In the 18th and 19th centuries, __________ (wealth) peple travelled and cllected plants, histrical bjects and wrks f art.解析：考查形容词。句意：在18和19世纪，富人旅行并收集植物、历史物品和艺术品。此处修饰名词peple，应使用形容词，作定语。故填wealthy。
particularly
层级三 语篇提能练语法填空Passage 1 名词篇Decrating with Plants，Fruits and Flwers fr Chinese New YearChinese New Year is a __________________(celebrate) marking the end f the winter seasn and the _______________(begin) f spring.This is why decrating with plants，fruits and flwers carries special ________________ (significant)．They represent the earth cming back t ____________(live) and best wishes fr new beginnings.
1.celebratin
2.beginning
3.significance
These are sme f the mst ppular in many parts f the cuntry：Oranges：Orange trees are mre than __________________(decrate)；they are a symbl f gd frtune and _____________(wealthy)．They make great gifts and yu see them many _____________(time) decrated with red envelpes and messages f gd frtune.Bamb：Chinese lve their“Lucky Bamb” plants and yu will see them ften in their hmes and ffices.Certainly during the hliday perid，this plant is _________ must.Bamb plants are assciated with health，abundance and a happy hme.They are easy t care fr and make great ________________(present)．
9.presents
__________________(branch) f Plum Blssms(梅花)：The beautiful lng branches cvered with pink-clred buds(蓓蕾) make fantastic decratins.The plum trees are the first t flwer even as the snw is melting(融化)．They represent the prmise f spring and a renewal f life.语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了中国新年常见的三种装饰物——橘子树、富贵竹和梅花枝，以及它们的美好寓意。
10.Branches
解析：1．考查名词。由空前的不定冠词a可知，后接名词形式。故填celebratin。2．考查名词。和前面的the end f the winter seasn并列，是名词词组，begin的名词形式为beginning。故填beginning。3．考查名词。此处作谓语动词carries的宾语，应该用名词形式。故填significance。4．考查名词。作介词t的宾语，用名词或动名词形式，结合句意可知填life。故填life。
5．考查名词。根据句意以及句子结构可知，应用名词形式。故填decratin。6．考查名词。与gd frtune共同作f的宾语，所以用名词形式。故填wealth。7．考查名词复数。time表示次数，是可数名词，用在many 之后。故填times。8．考查冠词。must此处表示“必须做(或看、买等)的事”，是可数名词，且发音以辅音音素开头。故填a。
9．考查名词复数。present作“礼物，礼品”讲，是可数名词，此处表示泛指。故填presents。10．考查名词复数。可数名词出现时，要么前面加冠词，要么用复数形式表泛指。此处branch前面没有冠词及其他限定词，所以只能用其复数形式。位于句首，注意首字母大写。故填Branches。
Passage 2 形容词和副词篇Visitrs t Britain may find the ____________(gd) place t enjy lcal culture is in a _________________(traditin) pub. A team f researchers have discvered sme f the unknwn culture f British pubs—starting with the_____________(difficult) f getting a drink. This may sund incnvenient, but there is a ______________(hide) meaning.
2.traditinal
3.difficulty
Pub culture is frmed t imprve sciability in a sciety that is knwn fr its cldness. Standing at the bar fr service allws yu t chat with thers wh are waiting t be served. The bar cunter is ________________(pssible) the nly place in Britain where a ________________(friend) talk with strangers is cnsidered t be ________________ (entire) prper and really quite nrmal behavir. _______________, if yu d nt fllw the lcal rules，the experience may fall flat. Fr example, if yu are in a big grup，it is best fr ne r tw peple t g t buy the drinks. Nthing makes the regular custmers and bar staff angry ________(much) than a grup f ___________ (strange) blcking all passages t the bar while they chat and hesitate abut what t rder.
6.friendly
10.strangers
语篇导读：本文是一篇说明文。讲述的是关于享受英国文化最好的去处：酒吧。
解析：1．考查形容词最高级。根据语境分析可知，此处暗含了一定的范围，即“在英国”，所以应填提示词的最高级形式。故填best。2．考查形容词。分析句子成分可知，此处应该填一个形容词作定语，修饰名词pub，所以填提示词的形容词形式。故填traditinal。3．考查名词。所填单词前有定冠词the，其后有介词，因此应填写difficult的名词形式。故填difficulty。
4．考查形容词。hidden是hide的过去分词，又可作形容词，意思是“隐藏的”。此处修饰名词meaning。故填hidden。5．考查副词。此处在句中修饰系动词，作状语，应该填提示词的副词形式。故填pssibly。6．考查形容词。根据语境“与陌生人友好的交谈”可知，此处在句中作定语，应填提示词的形容词形式。故填friendly。7．考查副词。此处在句中作状语，修饰形容词prper，应填提示词的副词形式。故填entirely。
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