专题21.Unit3词汇与语法--2023年英语初升高衔接大串讲（牛津译林版）

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Unit3词汇与语法

一．重点单词

1．awkward adj.
2．sight n．
3．medium n．
4．frank adj.
5．horrible adj.
6．case n．
7．trick vt.
8．ignore vt.
9．misunderstand vt.& vi.
10．contact vt.& n．
11．explode vi.
12．generous adj.
13．shallow adj.
14．blog n．
15．theme n．
16．opinion n．
17．quality n．
18．measure vt.
19．seek vi.
20．escape vi.& vt.
21．joy n．

二．词汇拓展
1．original adj.起初的；独创的；原作的→ n．起源 → adv.最初
2．recover vi.恢复健康；恢复常态 vt.全额收回；寻回；重新获得；恢复，重新控制→ n．恢复
3．respond vi.& vt.回答，回应；作出反应，响应→ n．回答；响应
4．judge vt.& vi.评价，(尤指)批评；判断，认为 n．法官；裁判员→ n．判断
5．apologize vi.道歉，谢罪→ n．道歉
6．behaviour n．行为，举止，态度→ vi.举止
7．suffer vi.受苦，受折磨；变差 vt.遭受，蒙受→ n．痛苦，苦难
8．basis n．基础；原因；基准→ vt.根据；以……为基础→ adj.基本的
9．respect vt.尊重，尊敬 n．尊敬，敬意；重视→ adj.表示敬意的→ adj.体面的；值得尊敬的
10．efficient adj.效率高的，有功效的→ n．效率；效能
11．reflection n．沉思；反射；映像；反映→ vi.反思；反射
12．comfort vt.宽慰，抚慰 n．舒服；安慰→ adj.舒服的
13．benefit n．优势，益处，成效 vt.使受益 vi.得益于→ adj.有益的
14．failure n．失败；失败的人(或事)；未履行；故障→ vi.失败
15．recognize vt.承认，意识到；认出，辨别出→ n．认出；认可；承认
16．death n．死，死亡；死亡状态→ adj.死的→ vi.死亡
17．admire vt.钦佩；欣赏→ adj.令人敬佩的→ n．钦佩；欣赏
三．知识拓展
知识点01 Whether we’re walking to school，doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend，we’re hardly out of each other’s sight.
sight n．视野；视力；看见
out of (one’s) sight脱离(某人的)视线
in sight看得见
lose sight of看不见
catch sight of看见
come into sight进入视野
at first sight乍一看
at the sight of...一看见……

[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①After we walked for a long time，a village was sight finally.
②The children jumped with joy the sight of their Christmas gifts.
③The moment we reached the small island，amazing natural scenery .Half an hour later，
we the land.
我们刚一登上小岛，令人惊叹的自然风光便映入眼帘。 半个小时后，我们看不见陆地了。
知识点2 Don’t be so quick to judge your friend.
judge vt.& vi.评价；(尤指)批评；判断，认为 n．法官；裁判员
(1)judge...by/from...根据……判断……
as far as I can judge据我判断
judging by/from...从……来判断
(2)judg(e)ment n．判断力；意见，看法
in one’s judg(e)ment在某人看来

[单句语法填空/单句写作]
①Your speech was heard by a group of five (judge)．
② (judge) from what he did，he must be an honest man.
③ .
我们不应该以貌取人。
知识点3 Perhaps she knows she’s in the wrong and wants to apologize，or maybe she has a simple explanation for her behaviour.
apologize vi. 道歉，谢罪
(1)apologize to sb.for (doing) sth.因(做)某事向某人道歉
(2)apology n．道歉
make an apology to sb.for sth.因为某事向某人道歉
owe sb.an apology＝owe an apology to sb.应向某人道歉

[单句语法填空/一句多译]
①The boy wrote a letter to his neighbour and apologized for playing the piano loudly at night.
②她应该为她的不得体行为向她的朋友道歉。
→She should for her bad behaviour.(apologize)
→She should for her bad behaviour.(apology)
知识点4 In any case，find an opportunity to have a full and frank talk with her.
in any case 无论如何，不管怎样
in that/this case在那种/这种情况下
in case (of) 万一，以防
in no case决不(位于句首时，句子用部分倒装)
as is often the case这是常有的事

[用与case有关的短语填空/句式升级]
①The doctor gave his phone number to the patients they needed his help.
②There is no simple answer， in science.
③You should in no case miss the opportunity to go to university for further study.
→ miss the opportunity to go to university for further study.(用部分倒装升级)
知识点5 However，if your friend ignores your feelings or makes you suffer，it’s time to rethink your relationship.
suffer vi.受苦，受折磨；变差 vt.遭受，蒙受
(1)suffer from遭受；忍受；患……病
suffer后常跟pain/stress/losses/hardship/defeat等名词作宾语。
(2)suffering n．痛苦；苦难(常用pl.)
(3)sufferer n．患病者；受难者

[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①Sadly，my grandpa suffered heart attack.
②All the neighbours’ help brought an end to the (suffer) of the family.
③If a neighbor (suffer) an illness，we should offer to do the grocery shopping.
④The fact is that .
事实是，我们的地球正在遭受严重的破坏。
知识点6.Whether we’re walking to school，doing homework or just hanging out at the weekend，we’re hardly out of each other’s sight.
whether...or... 意为“无论……还是……”，引导让步状语从句。
whether还可以引导名词性从句，译为“是否”。
whether常和or或or not连用，whether...or not意为“是否……”

[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①Whether you like it not，you’ll have to pay for it.
②You should praise his effort regardless of he succeeds or fails.
③ ，you should keep the campus clean.
无论你是学生还是老师，都应该保持校园清洁。
知识点7.When I called her，she said she might not be able to make it to the cinema.
make it 能够出席(或到场)；准时到达；获得成功；渡过难关
[一词多义/完成句子]
①The flight leaves in twenty minutes—we’ll never make it.
②He didn’t make it to another summer and died that winter.
③I thought Grandpa was too old to climb onto the top of the hill，but he made it.
④You will if you don’t lose heart and keep on trying.
如果你不灰心，继续努力，你会成功的。
知识点8 Instead of recovering at home，she was out having fun with someone else.
recover vi.恢复健康；恢复常态 vt.全额收回；寻回；重新获得；恢复，重新控制
(1)recover from从……中恢复过来
recover oneself恢复健康；清醒过来
(2)recovery n．恢复；复苏；痊愈

①Even though he was hurt seriously in the car accident，he finally it.
尽管他在车祸中受了重伤，但最后他康复了。
②After recovering his illness，he was advised to eat more vegetables and less meat.
病愈后，他被建议多吃蔬菜，少吃肉。
③I got a bad cold but I recovered (I) a week later.
我得了重感冒，但一周后我就康复了。
④To his mother’s relief，the boy made a full (recover) after the operation.
令他母亲欣慰的是，男孩在手术后完全康复。
知识点9. Perhaps she knows she’s in the wrong and wants to apologize，or maybe she has a simple explanation for her behaviour.
behaviour n．行为，举止；态度
behave v.举动；(举止或行为)表现
behave well/badly to/towards sb.对待某人好/差
behave oneself表现得体，有礼貌；行为规矩

①The waiter apologized for his bad towards the customers.
这个服务员为他对顾客的不得体行为而道歉。
②I want you two to behave (you) while I’m away.
我要你们两个在我不在的时候好好表现。
③She is very satisfied with her son’s good (behave)．
她对儿子的良好表现非常满意。
知识点10 A real friend is someone whose support we can count on.
count on 依赖，依靠，指望
(1)count v．数数；重要；看作；认为 n．数量；计数
(2)count on/upon(＝rely/depend on/upon)依靠，依赖
count on sb.to do sth.指望某人做某事
count on it that...指望……(其中it 为形式宾语，that 从句为真正的宾语)

[一词多义/完成句子]
①The woman is counting the coins on the table.
②I count him as one of my best friends.
③Hurry up！Every minute now counts.
④You may the work will be finished ahead of time.
你可以指望这项工作将提前完成。
知识点11.I’ll always value these qualities of a good friend and try to measure myself by these standards as our friendship develops.
measure vt.估量，判定；测量 n．措施；衡量
(1)measure...by...用……衡量……
be measured by/in...用……来计算/衡量
(2)take measures to do sth.采取措施做某事
make...to one’s measure根据某人的尺寸做……
注意：measure表示“测量长、高或宽时”是连系动词，无被动语态。

[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①Measures should be taken (forbid) killing and eating wild animals.
②My mother made me a pair of trousers my own measure.
③The pond (measure) about 2 metres across.
④The government the shortage of food.
政府已采取了一些措施来解决粮食短缺问题。
知识点12. However，when we seek to be alone，we must be careful that we do not always escape into our own world.
escape vi.& vt.逃脱，躲避；逃跑；避开，避免；被遗忘 n．逃离，逃脱
(1)escape from从……逃脱/逃跑
escape＋n./doing sth.逃避(做)某事
sth.escape(s) sb.某物被某人遗忘
(2)a narrow escape九死一生

[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①That was narrow escape all right when our car turned over!
②Fortunately，he escaped the burning house without being injured.
③Yesterday，I came across my former classmate，but .
昨天，我遇到了我以前的同学，但是我想不起来他的名字了。
知识点13.As we live in social groups，there are many benefits of friendship that we can enjoy.
benefit n．优势，益处，成效 vt.使受益 vi.得益于
(1)be of benefit to...对……有益的
for the benefit of...为了……的利益
(2)benefit from...从……中受益
benefit sb.使某人获益
(3)beneficial adj.有益的
be beneficial to...对……有益

[单句语法填空/句型转换]
①It is said that the company has benefited a lot the new policy.
②Learning a foreign language is great benefit to us students.
③It is known to us that cycling is very beneficial to human health.
→It is known to us that cycling human health.
④The new teacher’s teaching methods will benefit many students.
→Many students will the new teacher’s teaching methods.
知识点14 We often find it easier to recognize other people’s weaknesses than our own.
recognize vt.承认，意识到；认出，辨别出
(1)recognize one’s voice辨别出某人的声音
recognize sb./sth.as/to be...认为某人/某物是……
It is recognized that...人们公认……
(2)recognition n．承认；认出
beyond recognition认不出来

[单句语法填空/完成句子/单句写作]
①After 25 years，the town centre had changed beyond (recognize)．
②The moment I answered the phone， .
我一接电话，就听出了他的声音。
③
这部电影被认为是一部很成功的电影。
知识点15 Here，friendship has a double advantage—happiness takes on a greater meaning and a trouble shared becomes a trouble halved！
take on 呈现，具有(特征、外观等)；雇用
take away拿走；使离开；消除(病痛等)
take over接收，接管，取代
take in吸收；理解；欺骗
take up从事；占据；继续

[用take短语完成句子]
①I know how busy you must be and I won’t much of your time.
②After the heavy rain，the old village a new look.
③He has to the company when his father retires.
知识点16 We often find it easier to recognize other people’s weaknesses than our own.
it 作形式宾语
(1)句中it作find 的形式宾语，不定式短语 to recognize other people’s weaknesses作真正的宾语，形容词easier作宾补。
(2)句型基本结构是：主语＋谓语＋it 作形式宾语＋宾语补足语＋真正的宾语。
(3)常用于以上结构的动词有make，feel，think，find，consider等。
(4)宾语补足语可以是形容词、名词，真正的宾语可以是不定式短语、动名词或从句。

[单句语法填空/完成句子]
①The heavy rain makes it impossible for me (reach) my office on time.
②He thinks it of great importance he should make efforts to improve his English.
③The boy his hobbies and his schoolwork.
这个男孩发现很难平衡他的爱好和他的功课。
④I foreigners in English.
我发现用英语和外国人交谈很有趣。
知识点17 I must respect and support the choices he makes.
respect vt.尊重，尊敬 n．尊敬，敬意；重视
(1)respect sb.for sth.因某事而尊敬某人
(2)have/show respect for sb.尊敬某人
give/send one’s respects to sb.向某人表达敬意；问候某人
(3)respectable adj.可敬的，体面的

①The person I most is my mother.
我最尊敬的人是我的母亲。
②Please send my (respect) to your parents.
请向你的父母致以我的敬意。
③There are many (respect) people around us.
我们周围有许多值得尊敬的人。
知识点18 However，when we seek to be alone，we must be careful that we do not always escape into our own world.
seek(sought，sought) vi.试图；寻找；争取 vt.寻求；寻找
seek to do sth.试图做某事；努力做某事
seek for/after找寻；寻求

①All of us are happiness while few of us know what is happiness.
我们都在寻求幸福，而我们中很少有人知道什么是幸福。
②I sought (persuade) my father to stop smoking，but failed.
我试图说服我父亲戒烟，但失败了。
知识点19 The first fruit of friendship is the peace that comes from sharing with friends our joy，sadness，success and failure.
failure n．失败；失败的人(或事)；未履行；故障
(1)a failure一个失败的人；一件失败的事
(2)fail to do sth.没能做某事，未能成功
fail (in sth.)失败，没有通过

①As is known to all， is the mother of success.
众所周知，失败是成功之母。
②The man has achieved great success in his career，but as a father，he is failure.
这个人在事业上取得了很大的成功，但作为一个父亲，他是一个失败者。
③Unfortunately，he failed (pass) the entrance examination.
不幸的是，他未能通过入学考试。
④I failed my attempt to persuade her.
我未能说服她。
知识点20 They admired each other and quickly became friends.
admire vt.钦佩；欣赏
(1)admire...for (doing) sth.因(做)某事而钦佩、羡慕……
(2)admirable adj.可钦佩的；值得赞赏的
(3)admiration n．钦佩；赞赏；羡慕
in/with admiration钦佩地

①The teacher is respected and for his new teaching methods and achievements.
这位老师因其新的教学方法和取得的成就而受到尊重和钦佩。
②Her devotion to her work is (admire)．
她对工作的献身精神令人钦佩。
③I’d like to express my (admire) for the bravery of the firefighters.
我想表达我对英勇的消防员们的钦佩。
随堂练习
一.单词拼写
1．The we reached the farm，red apples and yellow pears came into our view.
2．This unique teaching method will (有益于) a large number of students.
3．The policemen were struggling to search for the thief who had from the prison.
4．You may be a success in your job，but as a father you are a .
5．Though I hadn’t seen Mary for years，I her immediately I met her.
6．The old man was so that he donated all his savings to the charity.
7．I sent my application form to the (公司)，but I didn’t get any response.
8．I my English teacher most for his patience and kindness to us.
二.单句语法填空
1．Hurry up and we can make to the airport in time.
2．Luckily，my father soon recovered the operation.
3．We desire for a house which is (comfort) and warm.
4．There was nobody sight when the man came round the corner.
5．Cheer up，sometimes failure is (benefit) to our growth.
6．Most of us admire the great scientist what he has done for our country.
7．The government has taken (measure) to bring down the high prices of daily goods.
8．Great changes have taken place so much in my hometown that it is beyond my (recognize)．

语法
一、定语从句的定义
在复合句中，修饰某一名词、代词或整个主句的从句叫定语从句。被从句所修饰的词叫先行词，连接先行词和定语从句的词叫关系词。关系词分为关系代词和关系副词两种，关系代词有that，which，who，whom，whose，as等；关系副词有when，where，why。
二、关系代词的基本用法
1．who的用法
示例：①The person who tricked me was one of my classmates.骗我的那个人是我的一个同学。
②He is the man who I respect very much.他就是我非常尊重的那个人。
归纳：who 指人，在定语从句中充当主语、宾语。
2．whom的用法
示例：①Jack is the person (who/whom) you should care about.杰克是你应该关心的人。
②The old man (whom) the girl had tricked was my grandfather.
女孩欺骗的那位老人是我的爷爷。
归纳：whom 指人，在定语从句中作宾语，可省略。
3．which的用法
示例：①The plane is a machine which can fly.飞机是一台能飞的机器。
②The gold medal (which) she won has been given to her old school.她赢得的那块金牌已经被送给她的母校了。
归纳：which 指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语，作宾语时可省略。
4．that的用法
示例：①The report (that) Mr Turner handed in was about the motor race.特纳先生递交的报告是关于摩托车比赛的。
②The number of people that/who come to visit the city reaches one million every year.每年来参观这个城市的人数达到一百万。
归纳：that既指人，也可指物，在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语，作宾语时可以省略。
5．whose的用法
示例：①He lives in the room whose window faces south.他住在窗户朝南的那个房间。
②This is the scientist whose name is known all over the country.这就是那位全国闻名的科学家。
归纳：whose 既可指人也可指物，在从句中修饰名词，作定语。
三、疑难点津
1．宜用that不宜用which的情况
①当先行词是all，little，much，something，anything，everything，nothing，some等不定代词时。
All that can be done has been done.一切能做的都已经做了。
②当先行词被all，every，some，any，little，much，the only，the very，the right，the last，just等修饰时。
Music is the only thing that interests me.音乐是唯一令我感兴趣的东西。
③当先行词是序数词、形容词最高级或被序数词、形容词最高级修饰时。
This is the most interesting story that I have ever read.这是我曾经读过的最有趣的故事。
④当先行词中既有人又有物时。
She described in her composition the people and places that impressed her most.
她在作文中描述了令她印象最深刻的一些人和地方。
2．关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句的谓语动词要和先行词的数保持一致。
Those who are over 45 won’t be permitted into the hall.超过45岁的人不允许进入这个大厅。
[温馨提示]
“one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用复数形式；“the only one of＋复数名词”作先行词，谓语动词用单数形式。
This is one of the books which were written by Charles Dickens.这是查尔斯·狄更斯所写的书中的其中一本。
He is the only one of the boys in our class who has learned French.他是我们班里唯一一个学过法语的男孩。
3．为避免关系词的重复，被关系代词代替的成分不可在从句中重复出现。
This is the factory which we visited last Sunday.(visited后不可加it)这就是我们上星期天参观过的那家工厂。
一.用适当的关系代词填空
1．She has a brother name I can’t remember.
2．The book I borrowed from the library is very interesting.
3．The persons were injured in the car accident are being treated in the hospital now.
4．This is the best film we have ever made about friendship.
5．The exact year Angela and her family spent together in China was 2008.
二.用定语从句合并句子
1．The city is near the sea.The city is very beautiful.
→The city
2．I live next door to a couple.Their children often make a lot of noise.
→I live next door to a couple .
3．The woman is my mother.You are looking after her.
→ is my mother.
三.用适当的关系代词填空
1．Any man has a sense of duty will be concerned about this item.
2．We often talk about the persons and things we remember.
3．She is the only one of the children is good at music here.
4．The first place she visited in China was the History Museum.
5．Those want to go to the party must be at the school gate by 5 pm.
6．The film you are looking forward to seeing will be on next week.
四.单句写作——用定语从句完成下列句子
1．这是我参观过的最漂亮的公园。(that)
.
2．你想买那本内容非常鼓舞人心的书吗？(whose)
?
3．打破窗户的那个男孩叫汤姆。(who)
.
4．她是公司里唯一一个受教育不多的员工。(that)
.