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新教材2023版高中英语Unit8GreenLivingPartⅠTopicTalk课件北师大版必修第三册
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这是一份新教材2023版高中英语Unit8GreenLivingPartⅠTopicTalk课件北师大版必修第三册，共60页。
Part Ⅰ Topic Talk双基夯实·课前排查核心突破·要点讲解夯实基础·一遍落实双基夯实·课前排查学习目标单词巧练 写准记牢Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请根据所给的词性和词义写出单词1．________n. 电2．________n. 交通运输系统，运输方式3．________vi. & vt. 再利用，回收利用4．________n. 碳5．________n. 平衡6．________n. 海洋，大海7．________adj. 全球的，全世界的8．________adj. 工业的9．________n. 灭绝10．________n. 解决，解决办法electricity transport recycle carbon balanceocean global industrial extinction solutionⅡ.常用单词练习：根据句意和所给的首字母或中文提示写出符合句中单词的正确形式1．The extra money could be spent on improving public ________ (交通运输系统).2．The Japanese ________ (回收利用) more than half their waste paper.3．________ (工业的) production has risen by 0.5% since November.4．I struggled to keep my ________ (平衡) on my new skates.5．They were lost in the ________ (沙漠) for nine days.6．It's almost impossible to find him in the wide o________．7．We need to call for a g________ ban on whaling.8．We may live to see the e________ of the whale.9．There's no simple s________ to the problem of pollution.10．Don't leave the lights on; it wastes e________．transport recycle Industrial balance desertocean global extinction solution electricity核心突破·要点讲解►第一版块：重点单词 1.global adj.全球的；全世界的(教材P28)global warming全球变暖[用法归纳]global warming 全球变暖global affairs 全球事务global population 全球人口global climate change 全球气候变化[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①It's known to us that ________ (globe) warming is now a serious problem.②China's soft power grows in line with the increasing appreciation and understanding of China ________ (global).③The lack of ecofriendly habits among the public is thought to be a major cause of ___________________ (全球气候变化).global globally global climate change词语拓展：globe n．地球；地球仪globally adv.全球地2.extinction n．灭绝(教材P28)．..animal/plant extinction……动/植物灭绝[用法归纳](1)be close to extinction 濒临灭绝in danger of extinction 处于灭绝的危险中(2)extinct adj. 已灭绝的an extinct volcano 死火山an extinct species 一个已灭绝的物种[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①In brief, the ________ (extinct) of the dinosaurs occurred long before humans came into being.②According to Jack, it is global warming that___________________ ______________ (导致许多动物的灭绝).③The species ___________________ (濒临灭绝).extinction leads to the extinction of many animalsis close to extinction名师提醒：species是一个单数和复数形式相同的可数名词，意为“(动植物的)物种”。如：①an extinct species一个已灭绝的物种②100 species of birds一百种鸟名词单复数同形的英语单词还有：fish鱼， deer鹿， sheep绵羊， works工厂， means手段， Swiss瑞士人， Chinese中国人， Japanese日本人， series系列3.solution n．解决，解决办法(教材P28)Solutions解决；解决办法[用法归纳]the solution to the problem 问题的解决办法solve vt. 解决；解答solve a problem/a mystery/a puzzle 解决问题/解开奥秘/解开谜团find/offer/seek/workout a solution 找到/提出/寻找/得出解决的方法reach a solution 得到解决a solution to... ……的解决方法[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①The school advisor won't give you any direct ________ (solve) to your problems.②There are still many problems ________ (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.③I have tried very hard to find a solution _____ the problem, but in vain.④I think it is beyond his power to find ________________ (……的解决方法) this problem.⑤Believing in yourself is ___________ (……的关键) success.solution to be solvedto the solution tothe key to知识拓展：the entrance to the cave山洞的入口the answer to the question问题的答案the key to the door门的钥匙the key to success成功的关键the approach to the problem问题的解决办法4.transport n．交通运输方式，运输方式 v．运输；运送(教材P28)more public transport increase our awareness of environmental protection更多公共交通工具增加我们的环保意识[用法归纳]transport...from...to... 把……从……运送到……be transported with joy/delight 欣喜若狂；喜不自胜transport sb. to sth. 使……觉得处于……；使……仿佛置身于……public transport 公共交通a means of transport 交通方式transports of joy/delight/pleasure 兴高采烈[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①They have difficulty ___________ (transport) goods, because the gas is running out.②At that time, most of our luggage ______________ (transport) by sea.③A large quantity of money has been spent _________________________ (改善公共交通).④On hearing of the victory, the nation ______________________ (一片欢腾).⑤Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and___________________ (运到公园去).transporting was transportedto improve public transportwas transported with joytransported to the park易混辨析：transport vt.(用交通工具)运送，运输(某物/人)bring vt.带来take vt.拿走；取走；运走5.recycle v．再利用，回收利用(教材P28)recycle used batteries回收旧电池[用法归纳]recycled materials 回收的材料recycle paper/glass 回收纸/玻璃recycling n. 回收利用[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/翻译句子①Make lovely objects using ________ (recycle) materials.②The garbage is then taken away and, if possible, ________ (recycle).③Paper bags ________________ (很容易被循环利用) but require more energy to produce and transport.④始终正确地处理你的垃圾，并在可能的情况下回收废物。__________________________________________________________recycled recycled are easily recycledAlways get rid of your rubbish properly and recycle waste where possible.词汇拓展：re为动词前缀，表示“再，又”：cycle n．循环；周期→recycle v．再利用；回收利用place v．放；置→replace vt.取代；放回move v．移动→remove vt.移开；挪走use vt.使用→reuse vt.再利用build v．建；建造→rebuild v．重建write v．写→rewrite v．重写read v．读→reread v．重读6.balance n．平衡；称 v．平衡；均衡(教材P28)maintaining the balance between human and nature保持人与自然的平衡/和谐[合作探究]体会balance的用法和意义Life is like riding a bike. To keep your balance, you must keep moving.人生就像骑单车，只有不断前进才能保持平衡。He lost his balance and hurt himself when he went upstairs.他上楼时失去了平衡，摔伤了自己。[用法归纳](1)in the balance (生命等)在危急状态中；(命运等)未定；悬而未定the balance of nature 自然平衡keep one's balance 保持平衡lose one's balance 失去平衡keep a balance between A and B 保持A与B的均衡on balance 总的来说(2)balanced adj. 平衡的，均衡的a balanced diet 均衡饮食(3)balance...against... 比较(两个相对的事物)，权衡(两事物)重要性balance advantages against disadvantage 权衡利弊balance in power 势均力敌balance one's accounts 收入平衡[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/翻译句子①An Ateam may require _____ balance—not just A players, but a few generous B players as well.②My mother always tries her best to provide a ________ (balance) diet for Dad and me.③Rich countries gain more from powerful Niños, ________________ (总的来说), than they lose.④When he was running after his brother, the boy _______________ (失去了平衡) and had a bad fall.⑤为了保持自然的平衡，许多方法已经被尝试。______________________________________________________a balanced on balancelost his balanceMany methods have been tried to keep the balance of nature.词汇拓展：maintain vt.(1)保持，维持，使继续The two countries have always maintained close relations.这两个国家一直保持着密切关系。(2)赡养；负担How can you maintain a wife and 3 children on your small salary？你怎么能靠这么少的薪水来养活妻子和三个孩子的？(3)维修；保养The Town Council maintains the roads.镇议会维修道路。(4)坚持；主张He maintains that he is innocent.＝He maintains his innocence.他坚持他是无辜的。7.electricity n．电；电流；强烈兴奋；激动[用法归纳](1)cut off electricity 断电electrical adj. 电的；与电有关的electric adj. 发电的；由电产生的；用于导电的；使用电力的，使人突然兴奋的electronic adj. 电子的(2)an electric generator 发电机an electric current 电流an electric plug 电源插头an electric cooker/iron/blanket 电炉/电熨斗/电热毯an electric atmosphere 令人激动的气氛electric field 电场electric shock 触电，电休克，电击(3)electrical engineering 电机工程electrical fault 电器故障an electrical engineer 一位电机工程师[即学即练] 选词填空(electricity, electrical, electric)①While I was cooking supper the ________ went off.②The cooker isn't working because of an ________ fault.③You will soon get used to typing on ________ typewriters.electricity electrical electric构词法知识：(1)形容词后缀al “属于……的，具有……性质的”名词＋al→形容词culture＋al→cultural文化的nature＋al→natural自然的/天然的nation＋al→national国家/民族的(2)形容词后缀en表示“由……制作的”名词＋en→形容词wood＋en→wooden木制的wool＋en→woolen羊毛的gold＋en→golden金色的(3)形容词后缀y表“有……特性的”“充满……的”名词＋y→形容词health＋y→healthy健康的wealth＋y→wealthy富有的dirt＋y→dirty脏的8.injure v．(尤指在事故中)伤害；损害/伤害(名誉、自尊等)[用法归纳]wound n．伤；创伤(指在战争中所受的)刀伤/枪伤v．(在战争中用刀/枪)伤；伤害harm vt. & n．伤害；损害(往往指对健康、作物等较抽象的伤害/损害)hurt v．(使)疼痛/受伤；伤害(可指肉体上，也可指精神上、情感上的伤害)[即学即练] 选词填空(injure, wound, harm, hurt)①The soldier was ________ in the arm in the war.②She was slightly ________ in an accident during the work.③I was very much ________ at his words.④These revelations will ________ her chances of winning the election.wounded injured hurt harm名师提示：1．injure常指事故中“伤害”如：How many passengers were injured in the traffic accident？在这起交通事故中有多少乘客受伤？2．损害(荣誉)伤害(情感)等Believe it or not, what you said just now injured her pride.信不信由你，你刚才的话伤了她的自尊心。►第二版块：重点短语1.for instance(＝for example)例如；比如(教材P28)．..which may cause different kinds of environmental problems, for instance, ________.……这可能会造成不同类型的环境问题，例如， ________。[用法归纳]for instance, such as与that is(1)for instance用于举例说明：一般只列举同类中的一个，可置于句首、句中或句末。(2)such as用于部分列举：列举前面提到的事物的一部分，不能列出全部，不能和and so on连用。(3)that is用于列举所提到事物的全部：意为“也就是说”，相当于that is to say或namely。[即学即练] 单句语法填空/选词填空(such as/for example/for instance/that is)①Most food webs, ____instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones.②I want my cafe to have a special theme such _____ “Tang Dynasty”．③There are jobs more dangerous than truck driving, ____________， training lions.④What would you do if you met a wild animal, ________，a tiger?⑤As we all know, more and more Chinese words have come into English, ________ tofu and kung fu.⑥He has three partners, ________， John, Jack and Tom.for as for instancefor examplesuch asthat is易混词语比较：1．instance n. [c]例子for instance＝for example例如2．instant adj.立刻的；速食的；即食的①The movie was an instant success.这部电影一上映就大获成功。②instant coffee/noodle速溶咖啡/方便面 n．[c]瞬间；片刻I'll be back in an instant.我马上回来。the instant (that)一……就(＝as soon as)I called him the instant I got home.我一回到家就给他打了电话。3．instantly adv.立刻，马上2.increase one's awareness of增强某人的……意识[用法归纳](1)raise/strengthen one's awareness of 提高/增强某人的……意识environmental awareness 环保意识(2)aware adj. 知道的；意识到的；察觉到的be aware of/that 意识到；明白make sb. aware of 使某人意识到as far as I'm aware 据我所知not that I'm aware of 我不知道[即学即练] 单句语法填空/同义句转换①Earth Day, marking on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public ________ (aware) about environmental protection.②In my opinion, it's very important to improve their environmental ________ (aware) now.③It wasn't until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became aware ________ her habit of finding fault.④If children realise the importance of study, they will study hard.→If children ___________ the importance of study, they will study hard.awareness awareness of are aware of构词法知识：1．形容词＋名词后缀ness→名词sick＋ness→sickness疾病kind＋ness→kindness仁慈，好意careless＋ness→carelessness粗心大意aware＋ness→awareness意识2．名词＋动词后缀en→动词strength＋en→strengthen加强threat＋en→threaten恐吓length＋en→lengthen延长height＋en→heighten提高3．前缀en＋名词→动词en＋courage→encourage鼓励en＋joy→enjoy欣赏en＋cage→encage把……关在笼中en＋danger→endanger使……处于危境3.in harmony with...与……和谐，与……协调(教材P28)living in harmony with nature与自然和谐相处[用法归纳](1)harmony n. 和谐；融洽in harmony 用和声out of harmony 不协调，不和谐live/work in harmony (with) (与……)和睦地生活/工作social harmony 社会融洽colour harmony 色彩协调achieve harmony 取得一致establish harmony 建立融洽关系out of harmony with 与……不一致(2)harmonious adj. 和谐的；融洽的a harmonious society 一个和谐的社会[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/翻译句子①His suggestions are _____ harmony with the aims of this project.②First and foremost, a ________ (harmony) but competitive interaction in a group will help with everyone's learning.③Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to _______________________ (与自然和谐相处).④只有当我们学会与自然和谐相处时，我们才能停止对野生动物和地球的威胁。__________________________________________________________________________________in harmonious live in harmony with natureOnly when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to the Earth.构词法知识：1．形容词后缀ous意为“……的”名词＋ous→形容词harmony＋ous→harmonious和谐的desire＋ous→disirous期望advantage＋ous→advantageous有利的adventure＋ous→adventurous爱冒险的danger＋ous→dangerous危险的2．动词＋tion/ation/sion→名词suggest→suggestion建议produce→production生产，制造permit→permission许可，允许explain→explanation解释，说明nogociate→nogociation谈判4．do one's part for sth.尽自己所能做某事(教材P28)doing my part for the environment为环境尽我的一份力量[合作探究]I took part in an English speech contest last week.上周我参加了一次英语演讲比赛。These days work plays an important part in a single woman's life.现在，工作在单身女性的生活中起着重要作用。For my part, I found the meeting most fruitful.就我而言，我认为这次会议很有收获。[用法归纳]take part in 参与，参加(活动)take an active part in 积极参加play/have the part in 在……中起作用；在……中扮演角色play the part of 扮演……的角色for one's part 就某人而言for the most part 基本上；通常have a part to play (in) 参与(某事)；与某事有关系in part 一定程度上；部分地[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/翻译句子①Everyone, whether you are old or young, can do your part ________ the environment.②Are you going to take part ______ the Winter Olympic Games in Beijing & Zhangjiakou in 2022?③Our car broke down, but _____ the most part, the trip to Mount Tai was very wonderful.④As scheduled, we ___________ (参加) several instructive activities.⑤如今，网络在我们的生活和工作中起着非常重要的作用。_____________________________________________________for in for took part inNowadays, the Internet plays a very important part in our life and work.易混比较：take part in, join, attend是易用错的三个词语。(1)take part in指亲自参加某个活动，并在活动中起一定作用。如：I took part in the discussion yesterday.我昨天参加了讨论。表示在讨论中我积极发言。(2)join是指加入某个团体或组织。如：join the league入团；join the Party入党； join the army参军；join the club加入俱乐部。如果表示积极参加某项活动可用join in sth.或join sb. in sth.如：I joined (them) in the discussion yesterday.昨天我参加了(他们的)讨论。(3)attend指出席，到场(＝be present at)。仅表示在某活动现场，不表示在活动中起什么作用。如：I attended the meeting.我出席了这次会议。5.fight against为反对……而斗争；与……争吵；反对……(教材P29)What do they think is important to fight against global warming？他们认为什么是对抗全球变暖的重要因素？[用法归纳]fight against the enemy 和敌人作战fight against each other 互相打架fight for 努力争取……；为……而斗争fight for justice 为正义而战fight for peace/freedom 为和平/自由而战fight back 还击；抵抗fight hand to hand 短兵相接；打肉搏战fight one's way 奋力辟出一条路；努力奋斗fight with 与……交战；用……反对某人fight with sb. about/over sth. 就某事与某人争辩fight down sth. 忍住；抑制住(尤指感情)[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/翻译句子①They have been fighting ________ freedom for years.②Our soldiers bravely _________________ (短兵相接) with the enemy in that cruel battle.③I think he'll be strong enough to __________ (奋力辟出一条路) along!④他们呼吁人民和政府采取措施抗击光污染。________________________________________________________________________for fought hand to handfight his wayThey call on people and the government to take measures to fight against light pollution.名师提醒：fight为不规则动词，其变化形式为：fought, fought和fighting。此种变化形式属A—B—B形式，此类不规则动词还有：hear—heard—heard—hearingburn—burnt—burnt—burning►第三版块：重点句式1.leave＋宾语＋宾补(教材P28)not to leave the tap running不要让水龙头开着[用法归纳]leave him an orphan 让他成为孤儿leave the door open 让门开着leave her to suffer 让她受罪leave him standing outside 让他站在外面leave the job unfinished 留着工作未完成[即学即练] 单句语法填空/翻译句子①His words left me ________ (wonder) how to deal with the difficult problem.②I'm sorry, I have left some of your questions ________ (unanswer).③We must leave the children ________ (solve) their affairs themselves.④他们都走开了，让我一个人站在那里。__________________________________________⑤你把门窗关上了吗？__________________________________________⑥李先生让我站在外面的雨里等待。_________________________________________wondering unanswered to solveThey walked off and left me standing there all by myself. Did you leave the doors and windows closed？Mr. Lee left me standing outside in the rain.句式分析：(1)本句中leave the tap running是“leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构。句中的the tap与run之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。(2)leave sb. alone是别管某人，别打扰某人之意(3)leave sb. doing“让某人做某事而置之不理”如：The teacher went back to her office, leaving her pupils shouting loudly in the classroom.老师回了办公室，丢下学生们在教室大声嚷个不停。2.with复合结构(教材P28)not to leave the house with lights still on不要亮着灯离开房子[用法归纳]with复合结构的构成：with＋宾语＋宾补常在句中作状语，表示原因、方式、时间、条件或伴随等。具体形式主要有：(1)with＋宾语＋形容词with the door open门开着(2)with＋宾语＋现在分词(表示主动或正在进行)with a dog following him一只狗跟着他(3)with＋宾语＋过去分词(表示被动或已经完成)with the task finished任务完成(4)with＋宾语＋动词不定式(表示尚未发生)with a book to publish有书要出版(5)with＋宾语＋介词短语with a book in his hand他手里拿着一本书[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①With the experienced guide ________ (lead) the way, we had no difficulty getting through the forest.②I think that I'll do well in the exam with Mrs Chen ________ (teach) me.③With a lot of problems ________ (settle), I can't go skating with you.④With all the work ________ (finish), they hurried back home for lunch.⑤The manager came in with his assistant ________ (follow) him.leading teaching to settlefinished following ⑥The old man walked in with a stick _____ his hand.⑦We completely solved the problem ____________________________ (很多科学的方法被使用).⑧__________________________ (随着大气污染日益严重), the government needs to come up with some effective measures to deal with it.⑨___________________________ (有如此多的事情需要处理), I can't go on holiday.⑩Do you know the girl __________________ (眼睛盯着) the painting?inwith many scientific methods usedWith air pollution getting worseWith so many things to deal withwith her eyes fixed on句式分析：句中的with lights still on是with复合结构，宾补由副词on充当。名师点拨：with复合结构在句中还可作定语。Do you know the lady with a baby in her arms?你认识那个抱着婴儿的女士吗？ 知识拓展：with复合结构往往可以转换成独立主格结构，其语法功能往往是在句中作状语。(注意：with复合结构在句中作定语时不能转化为独立主格结构)如：①Whitney came in, with a smile on his face.→Whitney came in, smile on face.②Lucy stood by the door, with a toy in her hand.→Lucy stood by the door, toy in hand.3.need to be done某事需要被做(教材P29)Climate change is a terrible problem, and it absolutely needs to be solved.气候变化是一个严重的问题，它绝对需要解决。[用法归纳]sth. needs to do“某事需要做”，表示主语与need后的动词之间是逻辑动宾关系。(sth.) want/require doing＝(sth.) want/require to be done(某事)需要(被)做这个问题需要仔细考虑。[即学即练] 单句语法填空/同义句转换/翻译句子①The flowers are dry and they need ________________ (water).②I need ________ (get) in shape. How do I register for the classes?③We've had a good start, but next, more work needs ____________ (do) to achieve the final success.④In this article, you need ________ (back) up general statements with specific examples.⑤The whole house needs painting.→The whole house needs _______________．⑥这个问题需要立即解决。_________________________________________________watering/to be wateredto getdoing/to be doneto backto be painted The problem needs solving/to be solved right away.句式分析：(1)句中的needs to be solved是need to be done结构，主语与need后的动词之间是被动关系，也可用主动形式doing表达。即need to be done＝need doing。(2)sth. needs doing句式中的主语sth.是doing的逻辑宾语，具有同样用法的动词有：词语拓展：back up支持；备份例：She always back me up when I need her help.当我需要她帮助时，她总是支持我。He backed the file up onto his Baidu Wangpan.他把文档备份到百度网盘里。4.as if引导方式状语从句(教材P29)We are using resources as if we had two planets, not one.我们在使用资源，就好像我们有两个地球，而不是一个。[用法归纳]句中的as if(＝as though)意为“好像，似乎”，引导方式状语从句，从句使用虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反的情况。as if引导的从句用虚拟语气，表示所述的情况与事实不符，as if从句谓语动词如下：[即学即练] 完成句子/翻译句子①In face of the disaster, he acted calmly ___________________________ (好像什么也没发生似的).②When fat and salt is removed from food, the food tastes _____________________ (好像它少了某种东西).③_____________ (看起来好像) he didn't care about everything around him.④He ___________ (看上去好像) he was about to burst into tears.as if/as though nothing had happenedas if it is missing somethingIt seemed as iflooked as if⑤He talks about Rome as if he _________ (去过) there before.⑥不要这样拿着这个花瓶，就好像它是用钢制成的似的。___________________________________________________⑦Eliza记得一切就像昨天发生的一样。____________________________________________________⑧这名受伤的士兵张开嘴，好像要说什么似的。____________________________________________________had beenDon't handle the vase as if it were made of steel.Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it happened yesterday.The injured soldier opened his mouth as if to say something.易错提醒：(1)as if引导的从句有时可用省略形式，即“as if＋分词/不定式/形容词/介词短语”。She stood at the door as if waiting for someone.她站在门口，好像在等人。(2)as if/as though还可引导表语从句，用于look/seem/appear之后。如果表示与事实相符合，谓语动词用陈述语气；如果与事实不符则用虚拟语气。如：It seems as if he were a superman.他好像是个超人似的。It looks as if it were going to rain.看起来天好像要下雨了。It appears as if something is wrong with the engine of the car.看起来汽车发动机好像出问题了。夯实基础·一遍落实Ⅰ.背短语—记牢固：根据本课内容，写出下面汉语对应的英语短语1．(与……)和睦相处 ________________2．在……和……之间保持平衡 ______________________________3．尽我所能做某事 ________________4．与……作斗争 _______________5．干扰 ________________6．值得做…… ________________7．捡起 __________8．例如 ________________9．提高某人的……意识 ______________________10．改变某人的生活习惯 ________________11．过低碳生活 ________________in harmony withmaintain the balance between...and...do my part for sth. fight againstinterfere withdeserve to do sth.pick upfor instance/exampleincrease one's awareness of...change one's living habitslive a lowcarbon lifeⅡ.练句子：阅读本课时内容，翻译相关句子1．对我来说，绿色生活是与自然和谐共处。________________________________________________________2．如果破坏了环境，我们的社会就不存在了。_________________________________________________________3．气候变化是一个可怕的问题，它绝对需要解决。_________________________________________________________To me, green living is about living in harmony with nature.We won't have a society if we destroy the environment.Climate change is a terrible problem, and it absolutely needs to be solved.4．我们都知道我们周围有很多不同类型的污染。________________________________________________________5．例如，减少污染的一种好的方式就是骑自行车去上班。_________________________________________________________We all know that there are various types of pollution around us.For example, a good way to reduce pollution is to cycle to work.Ⅲ.题组练习：根据语境和题目要求完成下列各题1．单句语法填空/完成句子(1)The solution ________ last week's quiz is on page 81.(2)我们还没有找到解决办法，但我肯定我们的思路是对的。We ________________________， but I'm sure we're on the right track.(3)他经过思考，找出了解决问题的办法。He reasoned out _____________________．(4)查理觉得钱能解决他所有的问题。Charlie thinks money will __________________．(5)经过反复思考，他们得到了解决水污染的方法。After thinking it over and over, they ________________ the water pollution.to haven't found the solution yeta solution to the problemsolve all his problemsreached a solution to2．单句语法填空/选词填空(transport/bring/take)(1)Most of our goods _____________ (transport) by sea.(2)A helicopter was used to ________ the wounded.(3)Go down to my bedroom, and ________ a clean shirt.(4)Please _____ the trash to the garbage can.were transportedtransport bring take3．单句语法填空(1)You have to balance the advantages of living in the countryside ________ the disadvantages.(2)It is important to keep the balance ________ the development of economy and the protection of environment.(3)You'd better keep a ________ (balance) diet for the benefit of your health.against between balanced4．完成句子(1)小提琴拉得与其他乐器不谐调。The violin was ________________ the rest of the instruments.(2)善待自然，天人和谐。Be kind to nature, and ________________ nature.(3)要想师生和谐，首先要求尊重。To ________________ between teachers and students requires respect first.out of harmony withachieve harmony withestablish the harmony5．完成句子(1)他说得好像自己以前去过那儿一样。He spoke _________________________．(2)他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它们不存在似的。They completely ignore these facts____________________________．(3)看来很快就要下雨了。It looks __________________________．as if he had been there beforeas if/as though they never existedas if it is going to rain very soon6．单句语法填空(1)You must remember that prices ________ (various) from store to store and from time to time.(2)The exhibition not only shows ________ (various) of papercutting in different areas, but also presents to us the history and development of papercutting in China.(3)____ variety of food is sold at a supermarket.(4)Office hours vary ________ company to company and country to country.vary varieties Afrom7．单句语法填空(1)Try to stop the children from ________ (fight).(2)She fought ______ her excitement and went on with her work.(3)Every year I have to fight _____ an increase in pay.(4)Have you been fighting _____ your brother again?fighting down for withⅣ.单句语法填空(课时知识与高考真题)1．[2019·全国Ⅱ卷]For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a ________ (solve).2．[2018·北京卷]Replacing petrolpowered private cars worldwide with ________ (electricity), selfdriving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions.答案与解析：solution 不定冠词a修饰名词solution。句意：在过去的两年里，戈登的学生们一直在研究如何在零重力下杀死细菌，他们认为他们接近于一个解决方案。答案与解析：electric 用形容词electric修饰名词systems。句意：用电力、自动驾驶和共享系统取代全球汽油驱动的私家车，可以减少碳排放。3．[2019·北京卷]Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally, you'll also learn new skills and increase your cultural ________ (aware).4．[2019·天津卷]All participants must address how communication or transportation technology ________ (promote) the quality of life for Americans throughout history.答案与解析：awareness 形容词cultural修饰名词awareness。句意：你不仅将帮助我们年轻志愿者的个人发展，还将学习新的技能和提高你的文化意识。答案与解析：has promoted 从句主语communication or transportation technology是单数，故谓语动词promote用单数形式，且强调对现在的影响，故用完成时。句意：所有参与者都必须讨论通信或交通技术在历史上是如何提高美国人的生活质量的。5．[重庆卷]It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I ________ (do) it?6．[2019·浙江卷]Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests ________ (crowd) with small trees that compete with big trees for resources.答案与解析：had done 此处表示与过去事实相反的情况，故用过去完成时。句意：是约翰打破了窗户。你为什么跟我说话好像是我干的？答案与解析：crowded be crowded with“挤满……”。本句是“leave＋宾语＋过去分词”构成的leave复合结构。句意：激进的控制野火措施使得加利福尼亚州森林里挤满了与大树争夺资源的小树。7．[2019·浙江卷]If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that ________ (deserve) a verbal reward.8．[2017·江苏卷]________ nothing on the hand, they didn't dare to fight against the wolf.答案与解析：deserves 本句是that引导的定语从句，that在从句中作主语，指代something，且因句子用的是一般现在时，故用deserves。句意：如果表扬是真诚的，并且专注于努力而不是结果，那么当你的孩子做了一些值得口头奖励的事情时，你可以经常给予表扬。答案与解析：With 本句是“with＋宾语＋介词短语”构成的with复合结构。句意：他们手里什么也没拿，不敢和狼搏斗。9．[2019·全国Ⅰ卷]It is difficult to figure out a ________ (globe) population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly studied.10．[2019·天津卷]In the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an ________ (industry) scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves.答案与解析：global 用形容词global修饰名词population。句意：很难计算出全球北极熊的数量，因为对北极熊的研究很少。答案与解析：industrial 用形容词industrial修饰名词scale。句意：在海洋中，我们在工业规模上捕捞像鳕鱼这样的顶级捕食者，而在陆地上，我们捕杀了像狼这样的大型捕食者。Ⅴ.短文语法填空Here is an introduction to an exhibition about green living, whose meaning you 1.________ (understand) after visiting it. There are four sections in all. The first section focuses on introducing different types 2.________ pollution, such as water pollution, air pollution, ocean pollution, soil pollution and noise pollution, etc. It is wellknown 3.________ these pollutions may cause various 4.________ (environment) problems, which in turn affect our health. While the second section 5.________ (explain) the reason why different types of pollution occur is1．答案与解析：will understand 考查时态。根据句意可知，此处表示将会懂得，故填will understand。2．答案与解析：of 考查介词。此处是固定词组，type是可数名词，type of sth.“……的种类”，故填介词of。3．答案与解析：that 考查固定句型。It is wellknown that...是固定句型，表示“众所周知……”。4．答案与解析：environmental 考查形容词。修饰后面的名词，指环境问题，应用形容词，作定语，故填environmental。5．答案与解析：explains 考查时态。主语是“the second section”，谓语动词用单数，故填explains。6.________ human activities are mainly responsible for them, the third section provides 7.________ (solution) to these problems by presenting ways in details. For example, planting trees is a good way 8.________ (reduce) pollution. In the last section, visitors will learn about how 9.________ individual can live a green life. 10.________ (personal), green living is just to protect nature from being destroyed by humans.6．答案与解析：that 考查连词。that引导表语从句，在从句中不作任何成分，故填that。7．答案与解析：solutions 考查名词复数。根据语境可知，此处指解决问题的方法，故填solutions。8．答案与解析：to reduce 考查不定式。此处是不定式作后置定语，修饰前面的way，故填to reduce。9．答案与解析：an 考查冠词。此处泛指一个人，individual的读音为元音音素开头，故填an。10．答案与解析：Personally 考查副词。此处用副词作状语，故填personally。Ⅵ.微型作文从下列所给的单词、短语中选择至少5个，写出一个表达完整的小段落。选用的词语需要加下划线。ocean, desert, smog, global, industrial, extinction, solution, electricity, transport, recycle, flat, battery, balance, do one's part for________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Because of the rapid industrial development and global warming, some species in the ocean are in danger of extinction. Experts are looking for solutions to the serious problem. Of course, everyone can do__his__part__for protecting the environment, such as recycling used things and keeping the balance of nature.
Part Ⅰ Topic Talk双基夯实·课前排查核心突破·要点讲解夯实基础·一遍落实双基夯实·课前排查学习目标单词巧练 写准记牢Ⅰ.核心单词练习：请根据所给的词性和词义写出单词1．________n. 电2．________n. 交通运输系统，运输方式3．________vi. & vt. 再利用，回收利用4．________n. 碳5．________n. 平衡6．________n. 海洋，大海7．________adj. 全球的，全世界的8．________adj. 工业的9．________n. 灭绝10．________n. 解决，解决办法electricity transport recycle carbon balanceocean global industrial extinction solutionⅡ.常用单词练习：根据句意和所给的首字母或中文提示写出符合句中单词的正确形式1．The extra money could be spent on improving public ________ (交通运输系统).2．The Japanese ________ (回收利用) more than half their waste paper.3．________ (工业的) production has risen by 0.5% since November.4．I struggled to keep my ________ (平衡) on my new skates.5．They were lost in the ________ (沙漠) for nine days.6．It's almost impossible to find him in the wide o________．7．We need to call for a g________ ban on whaling.8．We may live to see the e________ of the whale.9．There's no simple s________ to the problem of pollution.10．Don't leave the lights on; it wastes e________．transport recycle Industrial balance desertocean global extinction solution electricity核心突破·要点讲解►第一版块：重点单词 1.global adj.全球的；全世界的(教材P28)global warming全球变暖[用法归纳]global warming 全球变暖global affairs 全球事务global population 全球人口global climate change 全球气候变化[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①It's known to us that ________ (globe) warming is now a serious problem.②China's soft power grows in line with the increasing appreciation and understanding of China ________ (global).③The lack of ecofriendly habits among the public is thought to be a major cause of ___________________ (全球气候变化).global globally global climate change词语拓展：globe n．地球；地球仪globally adv.全球地2.extinction n．灭绝(教材P28)．..animal/plant extinction……动/植物灭绝[用法归纳](1)be close to extinction 濒临灭绝in danger of extinction 处于灭绝的危险中(2)extinct adj. 已灭绝的an extinct volcano 死火山an extinct species 一个已灭绝的物种[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①In brief, the ________ (extinct) of the dinosaurs occurred long before humans came into being.②According to Jack, it is global warming that___________________ ______________ (导致许多动物的灭绝).③The species ___________________ (濒临灭绝).extinction leads to the extinction of many animalsis close to extinction名师提醒：species是一个单数和复数形式相同的可数名词，意为“(动植物的)物种”。如：①an extinct species一个已灭绝的物种②100 species of birds一百种鸟名词单复数同形的英语单词还有：fish鱼， deer鹿， sheep绵羊， works工厂， means手段， Swiss瑞士人， Chinese中国人， Japanese日本人， series系列3.solution n．解决，解决办法(教材P28)Solutions解决；解决办法[用法归纳]the solution to the problem 问题的解决办法solve vt. 解决；解答solve a problem/a mystery/a puzzle 解决问题/解开奥秘/解开谜团find/offer/seek/workout a solution 找到/提出/寻找/得出解决的方法reach a solution 得到解决a solution to... ……的解决方法[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①The school advisor won't give you any direct ________ (solve) to your problems.②There are still many problems ________ (solve) before we are ready for a long stay on the Moon.③I have tried very hard to find a solution _____ the problem, but in vain.④I think it is beyond his power to find ________________ (……的解决方法) this problem.⑤Believing in yourself is ___________ (……的关键) success.solution to be solvedto the solution tothe key to知识拓展：the entrance to the cave山洞的入口the answer to the question问题的答案the key to the door门的钥匙the key to success成功的关键the approach to the problem问题的解决办法4.transport n．交通运输方式，运输方式 v．运输；运送(教材P28)more public transport increase our awareness of environmental protection更多公共交通工具增加我们的环保意识[用法归纳]transport...from...to... 把……从……运送到……be transported with joy/delight 欣喜若狂；喜不自胜transport sb. to sth. 使……觉得处于……；使……仿佛置身于……public transport 公共交通a means of transport 交通方式transports of joy/delight/pleasure 兴高采烈[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①They have difficulty ___________ (transport) goods, because the gas is running out.②At that time, most of our luggage ______________ (transport) by sea.③A large quantity of money has been spent _________________________ (改善公共交通).④On hearing of the victory, the nation ______________________ (一片欢腾).⑤Fourteen wolves were caught in Canada and___________________ (运到公园去).transporting was transportedto improve public transportwas transported with joytransported to the park易混辨析：transport vt.(用交通工具)运送，运输(某物/人)bring vt.带来take vt.拿走；取走；运走5.recycle v．再利用，回收利用(教材P28)recycle used batteries回收旧电池[用法归纳]recycled materials 回收的材料recycle paper/glass 回收纸/玻璃recycling n. 回收利用[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/翻译句子①Make lovely objects using ________ (recycle) materials.②The garbage is then taken away and, if possible, ________ (recycle).③Paper bags ________________ (很容易被循环利用) but require more energy to produce and transport.④始终正确地处理你的垃圾，并在可能的情况下回收废物。__________________________________________________________recycled recycled are easily recycledAlways get rid of your rubbish properly and recycle waste where possible.词汇拓展：re为动词前缀，表示“再，又”：cycle n．循环；周期→recycle v．再利用；回收利用place v．放；置→replace vt.取代；放回move v．移动→remove vt.移开；挪走use vt.使用→reuse vt.再利用build v．建；建造→rebuild v．重建write v．写→rewrite v．重写read v．读→reread v．重读6.balance n．平衡；称 v．平衡；均衡(教材P28)maintaining the balance between human and nature保持人与自然的平衡/和谐[合作探究]体会balance的用法和意义Life is like riding a bike. To keep your balance, you must keep moving.人生就像骑单车，只有不断前进才能保持平衡。He lost his balance and hurt himself when he went upstairs.他上楼时失去了平衡，摔伤了自己。[用法归纳](1)in the balance (生命等)在危急状态中；(命运等)未定；悬而未定the balance of nature 自然平衡keep one's balance 保持平衡lose one's balance 失去平衡keep a balance between A and B 保持A与B的均衡on balance 总的来说(2)balanced adj. 平衡的，均衡的a balanced diet 均衡饮食(3)balance...against... 比较(两个相对的事物)，权衡(两事物)重要性balance advantages against disadvantage 权衡利弊balance in power 势均力敌balance one's accounts 收入平衡[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/翻译句子①An Ateam may require _____ balance—not just A players, but a few generous B players as well.②My mother always tries her best to provide a ________ (balance) diet for Dad and me.③Rich countries gain more from powerful Niños, ________________ (总的来说), than they lose.④When he was running after his brother, the boy _______________ (失去了平衡) and had a bad fall.⑤为了保持自然的平衡，许多方法已经被尝试。______________________________________________________a balanced on balancelost his balanceMany methods have been tried to keep the balance of nature.词汇拓展：maintain vt.(1)保持，维持，使继续The two countries have always maintained close relations.这两个国家一直保持着密切关系。(2)赡养；负担How can you maintain a wife and 3 children on your small salary？你怎么能靠这么少的薪水来养活妻子和三个孩子的？(3)维修；保养The Town Council maintains the roads.镇议会维修道路。(4)坚持；主张He maintains that he is innocent.＝He maintains his innocence.他坚持他是无辜的。7.electricity n．电；电流；强烈兴奋；激动[用法归纳](1)cut off electricity 断电electrical adj. 电的；与电有关的electric adj. 发电的；由电产生的；用于导电的；使用电力的，使人突然兴奋的electronic adj. 电子的(2)an electric generator 发电机an electric current 电流an electric plug 电源插头an electric cooker/iron/blanket 电炉/电熨斗/电热毯an electric atmosphere 令人激动的气氛electric field 电场electric shock 触电，电休克，电击(3)electrical engineering 电机工程electrical fault 电器故障an electrical engineer 一位电机工程师[即学即练] 选词填空(electricity, electrical, electric)①While I was cooking supper the ________ went off.②The cooker isn't working because of an ________ fault.③You will soon get used to typing on ________ typewriters.electricity electrical electric构词法知识：(1)形容词后缀al “属于……的，具有……性质的”名词＋al→形容词culture＋al→cultural文化的nature＋al→natural自然的/天然的nation＋al→national国家/民族的(2)形容词后缀en表示“由……制作的”名词＋en→形容词wood＋en→wooden木制的wool＋en→woolen羊毛的gold＋en→golden金色的(3)形容词后缀y表“有……特性的”“充满……的”名词＋y→形容词health＋y→healthy健康的wealth＋y→wealthy富有的dirt＋y→dirty脏的8.injure v．(尤指在事故中)伤害；损害/伤害(名誉、自尊等)[用法归纳]wound n．伤；创伤(指在战争中所受的)刀伤/枪伤v．(在战争中用刀/枪)伤；伤害harm vt. & n．伤害；损害(往往指对健康、作物等较抽象的伤害/损害)hurt v．(使)疼痛/受伤；伤害(可指肉体上，也可指精神上、情感上的伤害)[即学即练] 选词填空(injure, wound, harm, hurt)①The soldier was ________ in the arm in the war.②She was slightly ________ in an accident during the work.③I was very much ________ at his words.④These revelations will ________ her chances of winning the election.wounded injured hurt harm名师提示：1．injure常指事故中“伤害”如：How many passengers were injured in the traffic accident？在这起交通事故中有多少乘客受伤？2．损害(荣誉)伤害(情感)等Believe it or not, what you said just now injured her pride.信不信由你，你刚才的话伤了她的自尊心。►第二版块：重点短语1.for instance(＝for example)例如；比如(教材P28)．..which may cause different kinds of environmental problems, for instance, ________.……这可能会造成不同类型的环境问题，例如， ________。[用法归纳]for instance, such as与that is(1)for instance用于举例说明：一般只列举同类中的一个，可置于句首、句中或句末。(2)such as用于部分列举：列举前面提到的事物的一部分，不能列出全部，不能和and so on连用。(3)that is用于列举所提到事物的全部：意为“也就是说”，相当于that is to say或namely。[即学即练] 单句语法填空/选词填空(such as/for example/for instance/that is)①Most food webs, ____instance, consist of many weak links rather than a few strong ones.②I want my cafe to have a special theme such _____ “Tang Dynasty”．③There are jobs more dangerous than truck driving, ____________， training lions.④What would you do if you met a wild animal, ________，a tiger?⑤As we all know, more and more Chinese words have come into English, ________ tofu and kung fu.⑥He has three partners, ________， John, Jack and Tom.for as for instancefor examplesuch asthat is易混词语比较：1．instance n. [c]例子for instance＝for example例如2．instant adj.立刻的；速食的；即食的①The movie was an instant success.这部电影一上映就大获成功。②instant coffee/noodle速溶咖啡/方便面 n．[c]瞬间；片刻I'll be back in an instant.我马上回来。the instant (that)一……就(＝as soon as)I called him the instant I got home.我一回到家就给他打了电话。3．instantly adv.立刻，马上2.increase one's awareness of增强某人的……意识[用法归纳](1)raise/strengthen one's awareness of 提高/增强某人的……意识environmental awareness 环保意识(2)aware adj. 知道的；意识到的；察觉到的be aware of/that 意识到；明白make sb. aware of 使某人意识到as far as I'm aware 据我所知not that I'm aware of 我不知道[即学即练] 单句语法填空/同义句转换①Earth Day, marking on 22 April, is an annual event aiming to raise public ________ (aware) about environmental protection.②In my opinion, it's very important to improve their environmental ________ (aware) now.③It wasn't until her friend was badly hurt that Kerry became aware ________ her habit of finding fault.④If children realise the importance of study, they will study hard.→If children ___________ the importance of study, they will study hard.awareness awareness of are aware of构词法知识：1．形容词＋名词后缀ness→名词sick＋ness→sickness疾病kind＋ness→kindness仁慈，好意careless＋ness→carelessness粗心大意aware＋ness→awareness意识2．名词＋动词后缀en→动词strength＋en→strengthen加强threat＋en→threaten恐吓length＋en→lengthen延长height＋en→heighten提高3．前缀en＋名词→动词en＋courage→encourage鼓励en＋joy→enjoy欣赏en＋cage→encage把……关在笼中en＋danger→endanger使……处于危境3.in harmony with...与……和谐，与……协调(教材P28)living in harmony with nature与自然和谐相处[用法归纳](1)harmony n. 和谐；融洽in harmony 用和声out of harmony 不协调，不和谐live/work in harmony (with) (与……)和睦地生活/工作social harmony 社会融洽colour harmony 色彩协调achieve harmony 取得一致establish harmony 建立融洽关系out of harmony with 与……不一致(2)harmonious adj. 和谐的；融洽的a harmonious society 一个和谐的社会[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/翻译句子①His suggestions are _____ harmony with the aims of this project.②First and foremost, a ________ (harmony) but competitive interaction in a group will help with everyone's learning.③Human life is regarded as part of nature and, as such, the only way for us to survive is to _______________________ (与自然和谐相处).④只有当我们学会与自然和谐相处时，我们才能停止对野生动物和地球的威胁。__________________________________________________________________________________in harmonious live in harmony with natureOnly when we learn to exist in harmony with nature can we stop being a threat to wildlife and to the Earth.构词法知识：1．形容词后缀ous意为“……的”名词＋ous→形容词harmony＋ous→harmonious和谐的desire＋ous→disirous期望advantage＋ous→advantageous有利的adventure＋ous→adventurous爱冒险的danger＋ous→dangerous危险的2．动词＋tion/ation/sion→名词suggest→suggestion建议produce→production生产，制造permit→permission许可，允许explain→explanation解释，说明nogociate→nogociation谈判4．do one's part for sth.尽自己所能做某事(教材P28)doing my part for the environment为环境尽我的一份力量[合作探究]I took part in an English speech contest last week.上周我参加了一次英语演讲比赛。These days work plays an important part in a single woman's life.现在，工作在单身女性的生活中起着重要作用。For my part, I found the meeting most fruitful.就我而言，我认为这次会议很有收获。[用法归纳]take part in 参与，参加(活动)take an active part in 积极参加play/have the part in 在……中起作用；在……中扮演角色play the part of 扮演……的角色for one's part 就某人而言for the most part 基本上；通常have a part to play (in) 参与(某事)；与某事有关系in part 一定程度上；部分地[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/翻译句子①Everyone, whether you are old or young, can do your part ________ the environment.②Are you going to take part ______ the Winter Olympic Games in Beijing & Zhangjiakou in 2022?③Our car broke down, but _____ the most part, the trip to Mount Tai was very wonderful.④As scheduled, we ___________ (参加) several instructive activities.⑤如今，网络在我们的生活和工作中起着非常重要的作用。_____________________________________________________for in for took part inNowadays, the Internet plays a very important part in our life and work.易混比较：take part in, join, attend是易用错的三个词语。(1)take part in指亲自参加某个活动，并在活动中起一定作用。如：I took part in the discussion yesterday.我昨天参加了讨论。表示在讨论中我积极发言。(2)join是指加入某个团体或组织。如：join the league入团；join the Party入党； join the army参军；join the club加入俱乐部。如果表示积极参加某项活动可用join in sth.或join sb. in sth.如：I joined (them) in the discussion yesterday.昨天我参加了(他们的)讨论。(3)attend指出席，到场(＝be present at)。仅表示在某活动现场，不表示在活动中起什么作用。如：I attended the meeting.我出席了这次会议。5.fight against为反对……而斗争；与……争吵；反对……(教材P29)What do they think is important to fight against global warming？他们认为什么是对抗全球变暖的重要因素？[用法归纳]fight against the enemy 和敌人作战fight against each other 互相打架fight for 努力争取……；为……而斗争fight for justice 为正义而战fight for peace/freedom 为和平/自由而战fight back 还击；抵抗fight hand to hand 短兵相接；打肉搏战fight one's way 奋力辟出一条路；努力奋斗fight with 与……交战；用……反对某人fight with sb. about/over sth. 就某事与某人争辩fight down sth. 忍住；抑制住(尤指感情)[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子/翻译句子①They have been fighting ________ freedom for years.②Our soldiers bravely _________________ (短兵相接) with the enemy in that cruel battle.③I think he'll be strong enough to __________ (奋力辟出一条路) along!④他们呼吁人民和政府采取措施抗击光污染。________________________________________________________________________for fought hand to handfight his wayThey call on people and the government to take measures to fight against light pollution.名师提醒：fight为不规则动词，其变化形式为：fought, fought和fighting。此种变化形式属A—B—B形式，此类不规则动词还有：hear—heard—heard—hearingburn—burnt—burnt—burning►第三版块：重点句式1.leave＋宾语＋宾补(教材P28)not to leave the tap running不要让水龙头开着[用法归纳]leave him an orphan 让他成为孤儿leave the door open 让门开着leave her to suffer 让她受罪leave him standing outside 让他站在外面leave the job unfinished 留着工作未完成[即学即练] 单句语法填空/翻译句子①His words left me ________ (wonder) how to deal with the difficult problem.②I'm sorry, I have left some of your questions ________ (unanswer).③We must leave the children ________ (solve) their affairs themselves.④他们都走开了，让我一个人站在那里。__________________________________________⑤你把门窗关上了吗？__________________________________________⑥李先生让我站在外面的雨里等待。_________________________________________wondering unanswered to solveThey walked off and left me standing there all by myself. Did you leave the doors and windows closed？Mr. Lee left me standing outside in the rain.句式分析：(1)本句中leave the tap running是“leave＋宾语＋宾补”结构。句中的the tap与run之间是主动关系，故用现在分词。(2)leave sb. alone是别管某人，别打扰某人之意(3)leave sb. doing“让某人做某事而置之不理”如：The teacher went back to her office, leaving her pupils shouting loudly in the classroom.老师回了办公室，丢下学生们在教室大声嚷个不停。2.with复合结构(教材P28)not to leave the house with lights still on不要亮着灯离开房子[用法归纳]with复合结构的构成：with＋宾语＋宾补常在句中作状语，表示原因、方式、时间、条件或伴随等。具体形式主要有：(1)with＋宾语＋形容词with the door open门开着(2)with＋宾语＋现在分词(表示主动或正在进行)with a dog following him一只狗跟着他(3)with＋宾语＋过去分词(表示被动或已经完成)with the task finished任务完成(4)with＋宾语＋动词不定式(表示尚未发生)with a book to publish有书要出版(5)with＋宾语＋介词短语with a book in his hand他手里拿着一本书[即学即练] 单句语法填空/完成句子①With the experienced guide ________ (lead) the way, we had no difficulty getting through the forest.②I think that I'll do well in the exam with Mrs Chen ________ (teach) me.③With a lot of problems ________ (settle), I can't go skating with you.④With all the work ________ (finish), they hurried back home for lunch.⑤The manager came in with his assistant ________ (follow) him.leading teaching to settlefinished following ⑥The old man walked in with a stick _____ his hand.⑦We completely solved the problem ____________________________ (很多科学的方法被使用).⑧__________________________ (随着大气污染日益严重), the government needs to come up with some effective measures to deal with it.⑨___________________________ (有如此多的事情需要处理), I can't go on holiday.⑩Do you know the girl __________________ (眼睛盯着) the painting?inwith many scientific methods usedWith air pollution getting worseWith so many things to deal withwith her eyes fixed on句式分析：句中的with lights still on是with复合结构，宾补由副词on充当。名师点拨：with复合结构在句中还可作定语。Do you know the lady with a baby in her arms?你认识那个抱着婴儿的女士吗？ 知识拓展：with复合结构往往可以转换成独立主格结构，其语法功能往往是在句中作状语。(注意：with复合结构在句中作定语时不能转化为独立主格结构)如：①Whitney came in, with a smile on his face.→Whitney came in, smile on face.②Lucy stood by the door, with a toy in her hand.→Lucy stood by the door, toy in hand.3.need to be done某事需要被做(教材P29)Climate change is a terrible problem, and it absolutely needs to be solved.气候变化是一个严重的问题，它绝对需要解决。[用法归纳]sth. needs to do“某事需要做”，表示主语与need后的动词之间是逻辑动宾关系。(sth.) want/require doing＝(sth.) want/require to be done(某事)需要(被)做这个问题需要仔细考虑。[即学即练] 单句语法填空/同义句转换/翻译句子①The flowers are dry and they need ________________ (water).②I need ________ (get) in shape. How do I register for the classes?③We've had a good start, but next, more work needs ____________ (do) to achieve the final success.④In this article, you need ________ (back) up general statements with specific examples.⑤The whole house needs painting.→The whole house needs _______________．⑥这个问题需要立即解决。_________________________________________________watering/to be wateredto getdoing/to be doneto backto be painted The problem needs solving/to be solved right away.句式分析：(1)句中的needs to be solved是need to be done结构，主语与need后的动词之间是被动关系，也可用主动形式doing表达。即need to be done＝need doing。(2)sth. needs doing句式中的主语sth.是doing的逻辑宾语，具有同样用法的动词有：词语拓展：back up支持；备份例：She always back me up when I need her help.当我需要她帮助时，她总是支持我。He backed the file up onto his Baidu Wangpan.他把文档备份到百度网盘里。4.as if引导方式状语从句(教材P29)We are using resources as if we had two planets, not one.我们在使用资源，就好像我们有两个地球，而不是一个。[用法归纳]句中的as if(＝as though)意为“好像，似乎”，引导方式状语从句，从句使用虚拟语气，表示与现在事实相反的情况。as if引导的从句用虚拟语气，表示所述的情况与事实不符，as if从句谓语动词如下：[即学即练] 完成句子/翻译句子①In face of the disaster, he acted calmly ___________________________ (好像什么也没发生似的).②When fat and salt is removed from food, the food tastes _____________________ (好像它少了某种东西).③_____________ (看起来好像) he didn't care about everything around him.④He ___________ (看上去好像) he was about to burst into tears.as if/as though nothing had happenedas if it is missing somethingIt seemed as iflooked as if⑤He talks about Rome as if he _________ (去过) there before.⑥不要这样拿着这个花瓶，就好像它是用钢制成的似的。___________________________________________________⑦Eliza记得一切就像昨天发生的一样。____________________________________________________⑧这名受伤的士兵张开嘴，好像要说什么似的。____________________________________________________had beenDon't handle the vase as if it were made of steel.Eliza remembers everything exactly as if it happened yesterday.The injured soldier opened his mouth as if to say something.易错提醒：(1)as if引导的从句有时可用省略形式，即“as if＋分词/不定式/形容词/介词短语”。She stood at the door as if waiting for someone.她站在门口，好像在等人。(2)as if/as though还可引导表语从句，用于look/seem/appear之后。如果表示与事实相符合，谓语动词用陈述语气；如果与事实不符则用虚拟语气。如：It seems as if he were a superman.他好像是个超人似的。It looks as if it were going to rain.看起来天好像要下雨了。It appears as if something is wrong with the engine of the car.看起来汽车发动机好像出问题了。夯实基础·一遍落实Ⅰ.背短语—记牢固：根据本课内容，写出下面汉语对应的英语短语1．(与……)和睦相处 ________________2．在……和……之间保持平衡 ______________________________3．尽我所能做某事 ________________4．与……作斗争 _______________5．干扰 ________________6．值得做…… ________________7．捡起 __________8．例如 ________________9．提高某人的……意识 ______________________10．改变某人的生活习惯 ________________11．过低碳生活 ________________in harmony withmaintain the balance between...and...do my part for sth. fight againstinterfere withdeserve to do sth.pick upfor instance/exampleincrease one's awareness of...change one's living habitslive a lowcarbon lifeⅡ.练句子：阅读本课时内容，翻译相关句子1．对我来说，绿色生活是与自然和谐共处。________________________________________________________2．如果破坏了环境，我们的社会就不存在了。_________________________________________________________3．气候变化是一个可怕的问题，它绝对需要解决。_________________________________________________________To me, green living is about living in harmony with nature.We won't have a society if we destroy the environment.Climate change is a terrible problem, and it absolutely needs to be solved.4．我们都知道我们周围有很多不同类型的污染。________________________________________________________5．例如，减少污染的一种好的方式就是骑自行车去上班。_________________________________________________________We all know that there are various types of pollution around us.For example, a good way to reduce pollution is to cycle to work.Ⅲ.题组练习：根据语境和题目要求完成下列各题1．单句语法填空/完成句子(1)The solution ________ last week's quiz is on page 81.(2)我们还没有找到解决办法，但我肯定我们的思路是对的。We ________________________， but I'm sure we're on the right track.(3)他经过思考，找出了解决问题的办法。He reasoned out _____________________．(4)查理觉得钱能解决他所有的问题。Charlie thinks money will __________________．(5)经过反复思考，他们得到了解决水污染的方法。After thinking it over and over, they ________________ the water pollution.to haven't found the solution yeta solution to the problemsolve all his problemsreached a solution to2．单句语法填空/选词填空(transport/bring/take)(1)Most of our goods _____________ (transport) by sea.(2)A helicopter was used to ________ the wounded.(3)Go down to my bedroom, and ________ a clean shirt.(4)Please _____ the trash to the garbage can.were transportedtransport bring take3．单句语法填空(1)You have to balance the advantages of living in the countryside ________ the disadvantages.(2)It is important to keep the balance ________ the development of economy and the protection of environment.(3)You'd better keep a ________ (balance) diet for the benefit of your health.against between balanced4．完成句子(1)小提琴拉得与其他乐器不谐调。The violin was ________________ the rest of the instruments.(2)善待自然，天人和谐。Be kind to nature, and ________________ nature.(3)要想师生和谐，首先要求尊重。To ________________ between teachers and students requires respect first.out of harmony withachieve harmony withestablish the harmony5．完成句子(1)他说得好像自己以前去过那儿一样。He spoke _________________________．(2)他们完全忽略了这些事实，就仿佛它们不存在似的。They completely ignore these facts____________________________．(3)看来很快就要下雨了。It looks __________________________．as if he had been there beforeas if/as though they never existedas if it is going to rain very soon6．单句语法填空(1)You must remember that prices ________ (various) from store to store and from time to time.(2)The exhibition not only shows ________ (various) of papercutting in different areas, but also presents to us the history and development of papercutting in China.(3)____ variety of food is sold at a supermarket.(4)Office hours vary ________ company to company and country to country.vary varieties Afrom7．单句语法填空(1)Try to stop the children from ________ (fight).(2)She fought ______ her excitement and went on with her work.(3)Every year I have to fight _____ an increase in pay.(4)Have you been fighting _____ your brother again?fighting down for withⅣ.单句语法填空(课时知识与高考真题)1．[2019·全国Ⅱ卷]For the past two years, Gordon's students have been studying ways to kill bacteria in zero gravity, and they think they're close to a ________ (solve).2．[2018·北京卷]Replacing petrolpowered private cars worldwide with ________ (electricity), selfdriving and shared systems could reduce carbon emissions.答案与解析：solution 不定冠词a修饰名词solution。句意：在过去的两年里，戈登的学生们一直在研究如何在零重力下杀死细菌，他们认为他们接近于一个解决方案。答案与解析：electric 用形容词electric修饰名词systems。句意：用电力、自动驾驶和共享系统取代全球汽油驱动的私家车，可以减少碳排放。3．[2019·北京卷]Not only will you help our young volunteers to develop personally, you'll also learn new skills and increase your cultural ________ (aware).4．[2019·天津卷]All participants must address how communication or transportation technology ________ (promote) the quality of life for Americans throughout history.答案与解析：awareness 形容词cultural修饰名词awareness。句意：你不仅将帮助我们年轻志愿者的个人发展，还将学习新的技能和提高你的文化意识。答案与解析：has promoted 从句主语communication or transportation technology是单数，故谓语动词promote用单数形式，且强调对现在的影响，故用完成时。句意：所有参与者都必须讨论通信或交通技术在历史上是如何提高美国人的生活质量的。5．[重庆卷]It was John who broke the window. Why are you talking to me as if I ________ (do) it?6．[2019·浙江卷]Aggressive wildfire control has left California forests ________ (crowd) with small trees that compete with big trees for resources.答案与解析：had done 此处表示与过去事实相反的情况，故用过去完成时。句意：是约翰打破了窗户。你为什么跟我说话好像是我干的？答案与解析：crowded be crowded with“挤满……”。本句是“leave＋宾语＋过去分词”构成的leave复合结构。句意：激进的控制野火措施使得加利福尼亚州森林里挤满了与大树争夺资源的小树。7．[2019·浙江卷]If praise is sincere and focused on the effort not the outcome, you can give it as often as your child does something that ________ (deserve) a verbal reward.8．[2017·江苏卷]________ nothing on the hand, they didn't dare to fight against the wolf.答案与解析：deserves 本句是that引导的定语从句，that在从句中作主语，指代something，且因句子用的是一般现在时，故用deserves。句意：如果表扬是真诚的，并且专注于努力而不是结果，那么当你的孩子做了一些值得口头奖励的事情时，你可以经常给予表扬。答案与解析：With 本句是“with＋宾语＋介词短语”构成的with复合结构。句意：他们手里什么也没拿，不敢和狼搏斗。9．[2019·全国Ⅰ卷]It is difficult to figure out a ________ (globe) population of polar bears as much of the range has been poorly studied.10．[2019·天津卷]In the ocean, we fished for top predators such as cod on an ________ (industry) scale, while on land, we killed off large predators such as wolves.答案与解析：global 用形容词global修饰名词population。句意：很难计算出全球北极熊的数量，因为对北极熊的研究很少。答案与解析：industrial 用形容词industrial修饰名词scale。句意：在海洋中，我们在工业规模上捕捞像鳕鱼这样的顶级捕食者，而在陆地上，我们捕杀了像狼这样的大型捕食者。Ⅴ.短文语法填空Here is an introduction to an exhibition about green living, whose meaning you 1.________ (understand) after visiting it. There are four sections in all. The first section focuses on introducing different types 2.________ pollution, such as water pollution, air pollution, ocean pollution, soil pollution and noise pollution, etc. It is wellknown 3.________ these pollutions may cause various 4.________ (environment) problems, which in turn affect our health. While the second section 5.________ (explain) the reason why different types of pollution occur is1．答案与解析：will understand 考查时态。根据句意可知，此处表示将会懂得，故填will understand。2．答案与解析：of 考查介词。此处是固定词组，type是可数名词，type of sth.“……的种类”，故填介词of。3．答案与解析：that 考查固定句型。It is wellknown that...是固定句型，表示“众所周知……”。4．答案与解析：environmental 考查形容词。修饰后面的名词，指环境问题，应用形容词，作定语，故填environmental。5．答案与解析：explains 考查时态。主语是“the second section”，谓语动词用单数，故填explains。6.________ human activities are mainly responsible for them, the third section provides 7.________ (solution) to these problems by presenting ways in details. For example, planting trees is a good way 8.________ (reduce) pollution. In the last section, visitors will learn about how 9.________ individual can live a green life. 10.________ (personal), green living is just to protect nature from being destroyed by humans.6．答案与解析：that 考查连词。that引导表语从句，在从句中不作任何成分，故填that。7．答案与解析：solutions 考查名词复数。根据语境可知，此处指解决问题的方法，故填solutions。8．答案与解析：to reduce 考查不定式。此处是不定式作后置定语，修饰前面的way，故填to reduce。9．答案与解析：an 考查冠词。此处泛指一个人，individual的读音为元音音素开头，故填an。10．答案与解析：Personally 考查副词。此处用副词作状语，故填personally。Ⅵ.微型作文从下列所给的单词、短语中选择至少5个，写出一个表达完整的小段落。选用的词语需要加下划线。ocean, desert, smog, global, industrial, extinction, solution, electricity, transport, recycle, flat, battery, balance, do one's part for________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________Because of the rapid industrial development and global warming, some species in the ocean are in danger of extinction. Experts are looking for solutions to the serious problem. Of course, everyone can do__his__part__for protecting the environment, such as recycling used things and keeping the balance of nature.
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