高考英语二轮语法回顾与训练学案：冠词、名词、主谓一致（含答案）

高考二轮语法回顾与训练---冠词、名词、主谓一致

1.冠词分为不定冠词（a, an）、定冠词（the）和零冠词（不用冠词）。

名词分为可数名词和不可数名词两大类。

主谓一致是指句子的主语与谓语在人称、数上取得一致的情况。

2.考点归纳

冠词

一、不定冠词（a, an）

1、a用在以辅音音素开头的单词前，an用在以元音音素开头的单词前。易错常考点记忆：

a university 一所大学

a uniform 一件制服

a universal truth 一个普遍事实

a unique talent 一种独特才能

a European country 一个欧洲国家

a useful machine 一种有用的机器

a one-parent family 一个单亲家庭

an honest man 一个诚实的男人

an hour and a half 一个半小时

an umbrella 一把伞

2、用于单数可数名词前，表示“一；每一；某一”等意思。

To get fully prepared for the coming examination, I think what you need now is a right learning method.

The teacher recommended that I should take the medicine three times a day.

3、用于具体化的物质名词或抽象名词前，表示“一阵 / 场 / 次 / 种”“具体的人或事”等。

Many people believed that mastering a foreign language is a must in international trade today.

Paying children for chores（家常杂务）with an allowance（津贴）is a total failure when educating them to share the family responsibilities.

4、用于第一次提及的非特指的可数名词前。

My grandfather, who was the only living child of a hard-working farmer and a devoted mother, grew up in Oklahoma during the early years of Great Depression.

5、用于有形容词修饰的表示季节、月份、日期、三餐和世界上独一无二的事物名词前。

It is said that it will be a very cold winter this year.

I came across an old friend I haven’t seen for many years the other day, so I treated him to an unforgettable dinner. …我招待他一顿难忘的晚餐。

6、用在序数词前，表示“另一个”或“又一个”的含义。

We all know people who lost a loved one and hoped they would have a second opportunity to say “I love you” or “I forgive you”.

7、“a most + 形容词”表示“很…”，most在句中不含有比较概念，只用来加强语气，是“很”“非常”“极”，相当于very。

Lesson 3 is a most difficult lesson, but it isn’t the most difficult lesson in Book Two.

8、用在人名前表示不确定的某个人，也可以指与某人有类似性质的人或事物。

Is there a Mary in your class? She is wanted by the English teacher.

He looks like a Beethoven（贝多芬）when playing the piano.

9、具体动作意义的名词在与have、take、make等构成短语表示短暂性的动作时，前面常加不定冠词。如：

have a try; take a look; make a living

10、用于一些固定搭配中。

to have a taste for 爱好; be at a loss 不知所措; as a matter of fact 事实上; all of a sudden 突然; as a rule一般来说; in a word总之，简言之

二、定冠词（the）

1、特指上文提及的或读者清楚的或受形容词修饰的人或物。

Where is the teacher you talked about yesterday?

There are two rooms in this department, the smaller of which can serve as a study.

2、用于单数可数名词前表示整个类属。

The tiger is in danger of becoming extinct.

3、与某些形容词连用表示一类人或物。

It is a noble tradition to take care of the old.

4、用在世界上独一无二的人和物、自然现象、发明物之前。

Charles Babbage is generally considered to have invented the telephone.

5、用在序数词和最高级前。

Mr. Cook said it was the most personal device（设备）Apple had created.  

To my delight, I won the first prize in the English speaking contest.   

6、用于表示江河、湖泊、海洋、山脉、群岛、党派、组织等专有名词或由普通名词构成的专用名词前。如：

the River Times 泰晤士河; the Lake Superior 苏必利尔湖; the Pacific Ocean 太平洋; the Andes Mountains 安第斯山脉; the Student Union学生会

7、用于表示方向和方位的名词前。如：

in the east; to the west; in the front

8、用在西洋乐器前、表示姓氏的复数名词前及构成“…世纪 / 年代”。如：

play the violin; play the piano; in the 21th century; in the 1940s

9、用在以festival组成的中国传统节日前。如：

the Spring Festival; the Dragon Boat Festival

10、用于固定搭配中。如：

to tell the truth 说实话; to keep the peace 维持治安; on the rise / decline 在上涨/下降中

三、零冠词（不加冠词）

1、不可数名词、复数名词、抽象名词或物质名词表泛指，不加冠词。

Courage and determination are what it takes to make great achievements. 勇气和决心是取得伟大成就所需要的。

2、称呼语及表示独一无二的头衔、职务的名词作表语、补足语或同位语时，不加冠词。

Tom is an outstanding student, for which we elected him monitor of our class.

3、月、季、星期、（由day构成的）节假、洲前；三餐、球类、惯用语前；学科、棋类名词前，不用冠词。

March 8th is Women’s Day, and June 1st is Children’s day.

I fancy playing basketball while my brother is fond of playing volleyball.

4、表示语言的名词前不用冠词。

The reason why we learn English is that we want to spread the Chinese culture all over the world。

5、表示交通工具的名词与by连用，不指具体的交通工具，而指交通手段时，不用冠词。

My sister insisted that we should travel along the Mekong River by bike。

6、and, after, by, from等连接的对等名词前不用冠词。

day and night; step by step; from door to door

7、两个名词同指一个人或物时，后面的名词前不加冠词。

The film star and director is on the stage, delivering us an unforgettable speech.

8、as / though 引导的让步状语从句中，如果表语的名词位居句首（倒装机构），该名词前不加冠词。

Child as I was, I know how hard it was for my parents to make a living.

9、no与such连用应放在such之前，such后的名词不加冠词。

There is no such thing as free lunch, and you have to try hard to get what you want.

10、在某些固定搭配中，名词之前常不用冠词。

in fact; in danger; go to bed; do harm to; make fun of; out of question; lose heart;catch fire;              leave school

名词

一、可数名词

1、名词的数

（1）以o结尾的名词变复数时，常在词尾加s，但中学英语中有下列名词要加es，它们是：negro - negroes黑人；hero - heroes英雄；tomato - tomatoes西红柿；potato - potatoes土豆。

（2）下列名词变复数时，要把f或fe变为ves，它们是：self - selves自己；life - lives生活、生命；thief - thieves小偷；wife - wives妻子；knife - knives刀；leaf - leaves 叶子；shelf - shelves架子；wolf - wolves狼；half - halves一半。

（3）合成名词变复数时，通常只将里面所含的主体名词变为复数，如果没有主体名词，则将最后一部分变为复数。如：passers-by过路人；sons-in-law女婿；story-tellers讲故事的人；housewives家庭主妇。

（4）常见单复数同形的名词：Chinese中国人；Japanese日本人；sheep绵羊；deer鹿；series系列；means方法；works作品；fish鱼；fruit水果；crossroads十字路口。其中fish和fruit表示种类时，可加复数词尾，即fishes，fruits。

（5）抽象名词具体化

difficulty - a difficulty 一件难事

surprise - a surprise 一件令人震惊的事

failure - a failure 一位失败者；一件失败的事

success - a success 一位成功者；一件成功的事

2、名词所有格

（1）单数名词在末尾加“’s”，复数名词在末尾加“’”, 不规则复数名词在末尾加“’s”。如：his house’s roof, students’ books, children’s wonderland等。

（2）表示各自的所属关系时，各名词末尾均加所有格后缀；表示共有关系的在最后一个名词加所有格后缀。如：

Tom’ s father and Mary’s father 汤姆的父亲和玛丽的父亲

Tom and Mary’s father 汤姆和玛丽的父亲

（3） 表示无生命的东西所有格一般由of构成。 如：the cover of the book, the surface of the lake等。

二、不可数名词

不可数名词主要分为物质名词和抽象名词。

1、物质名词是指表示无法分为个体的实物的词，常见的物质名词有：snow, rain, water, coffee, tea, meat, milk, rice, bread, orange（桔汁）等。

2、抽象名词是指表示动作、状态、品质、感情等抽象概念的词，常见的抽象名词有：work; study; love; friendship等。

3、常见易错的不可数名词：advice, energy, equipment, fun, furniture, health, homework, information、knowledge, luck, luggage, money, music, news, pride, progress, traffic, weather等。

主谓一致

1、定语从句中，当关系词在从句中作主语时，要注意主谓一致。

He is the only one of the students who has been a winner of scholarship for three years.

This is one of the most interesting questions that have been asked.

2. 强调句型中，当被强调部分是主语时，that后面的谓语与被强调的主语一致。

I think that it is I rather than my sister that/who am to blame for what has happened.

3. -ing形式 / to do作主语时，谓语用单数；从句作主语时，主句谓语用单数。

Understanding these universal signals is the key to cross-culture communication.

To love and to be loved is the greatest happiness in the world.

Whether the scheme will be carried out hasn’t been decided yet.

4. 就远原则：由（1）with/ along with / together with（2）as well as（3）rather than（4）but / except / in addition to / besides / including 等介词、介词短语连接两个名词作主语时，谓语动词与这些介词前面的名词保持一致。

It is the father, rather than the children, that/who is to blame for what has happened.

Email, as well as phone calls, is playing an important part in our daily communication.

All the employees except the manager are encouraged to attach importance to working online at home.

5. 就近原则：当主语由 “either…or B…”, “neither…nor…”, “not only…but also…”, “not… but…”连接时，谓语动词与就近的那个主语保持一致；there be句型中be动词后接多个主语时， be动词也遵循就近原则。

Neither you nor I was to blame for the accident that occurred the other day.

There are some books, a pen and a radio on the desk.

6. “large quantities of + 可数 / 不可数名词”“large amounts of + 不可数名词”作主语时，谓语动词用复数。

Large quantities of food / books are on the table.

7.“many a或more than one + 单数名词”作主语时，意思是“许多”，但谓语动词要用单数；“no A and no B” “each A and each B” “every A and every B”作主语时，谓语动词用单数。

More than one answer is written on the blackboard.

No teacher and no student is absent from the evening party.

强化训练

一、填空：在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。

1. Providing good, positive and consistent social interactions is as big ________ part of development as providing food and water.

2. Jane’ grandmother had wanted to write ________ children’s book for years, but one thing or another always got in ________ way.

3. The team-up center will offer ________ opportunity to young singers to show their talents in front of ________ audience of 5,000.

4. ________ CT is really _________ useful invention, with which doctors can find out what’s wrong with a patient more easily.

5. ________ more learned a man is, ________ more modest he usually becomes.

6. If you want to improve your working efficiency, it will be ________ must for you to make ________ most of your time..

7. Yesterday, when I was working out at a gym on my lunch hour, I saw ________ elderly lady there riding on a bike.

8. One of the most effective ________ (approach) to reducing ________ (press) is to talk about feeling with someone you trust.

9. It was ________ (curious) that drove the little prince into the beautiful garden.

10. Never before in modern ________ (time) have workers had so much autonomy over their work days.  

11. Barbara has always been encouraged to swim to build up the ________ (strong) of her muscles.

12. This river opens up suddenly and is about two hundred metres in ________ (wide).

13. Jack appears exhausted. He along with his twin brothers ________ (paint) the house, and he must finish the work tomorrow.

14. It is reported that many a new house ________ at present in the disaster area. (build)

15. Our government can never care too much milk safety and quality, because large amounts of milk ________ every year in China. (consume)

二、改错：每句错误最多有两处。错误涉及一个单词的增加、删除和修改。

1. Mom was busy helping my grandmother make moon cake, and the rest of us needed to make a lunch.

2. Dad told my little brother that cook is a important life skill, which everyone should learn.

3. There are three stage in study - preview, study and review, among which review is most important.

4. Styles in Western art changed many times over the years.

5. As result, many people worry that they will take place of human brains.

6. Modern teaching equipments as well as hundreds of computers were sent to the school yesterday.

7. These art works, that are not all displayed at a time, appeals to those who love Impressionist.

8. Seated on the ground is a couple of young journalists, exchanging idea about the current affairs.

9. Yesterday we had dinner at Mr. White, where we enjoyed myself very much.

10. Not only the students but also the teacher were deeply affected by the moving story.

参考答案：

一、填空

1. a 2. a; the 3. an; an 4. The; a 5. The; the 6. a; the 7. an 8. approaches; pressure 9. curiosity 10. times 11. strength 12. width 13. has been painting 14. is being built 15. are consumed

二、改错

1. cake - cakes；删掉a

2. cook - cooking；a - an

3. stage - stages；most前加the

4. changed前加have

5. result后加a；place前加the

6. equipments - equipment; were - was

7. that - which; appeals - appeal

8. is - are; idea - ideas

9. Mr. White - Mr. White’s; myself - ourselves

10. were - was