专题09 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解“预测下段”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）-2024年新高考英语二轮复习

这是一份专题09 【培优小题狂练】阅读理解“预测下段”题（考情+技法+真题+模拟）-2024年新高考英语二轮复习，文件包含专题09培优小题狂练阅读理解“预测下段”题考情+技法+真题+模拟-2024年新高考英语二轮复习原卷版docx、专题09培优小题狂练阅读理解“预测下段”题考情+技法+真题+模拟-2024年新高考英语二轮复习解析版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共52页， 欢迎下载使用。


【近年高考考情】
1.（2023·全国乙卷·C篇）31题
2.（2011·安徽·高考真题·B篇）63题
3.（2010·湖北·高考真题·B篇）58题
【实用解题妙招】
一、设问方式
1. What will be talked abut if this passage cntinues?
2. What might be discussed in the fllwing paragraph?
3. What wuld the authr prbably discuss in the paragraph that fllws?
二、实用妙招
考生在阅读全文基础上，“预测下段”类试题应注意以下两点策略：
1. 从最后一段入手。
有时候，作者在最后一段提到一个话题，但是没有充分说明，因此需要在下一段就此问题深入分析、论述或讨论。所以考生学会依据最后一段甚至最后一句话进行推断也不失为明智选择。
2. 从第一段入手。
实用类说明文往往采用“总分”或者“总分总”结构，即第一段总体概况说明，然后分段阐述。因此只要考生把握好第一段即主题段内容，顺藤摸瓜，即可推断下段内容应该是主题段中尚未提及的内容。
【高考真题再练】
1.（2023全国乙卷C篇）
What cmes int yur mind when yu think f British fd? Prbably fish and chips, r a Sunday dinner f meat and tw vegetables. But is British fd really s uninteresting? Even thugh Britain has a reputatin fr less-than-impressive cuisine, it is prducing mre tp class chefs wh appear frequently n ur televisin screens and whse recipe bks frequently tp the best seller lists.
It’s thanks t these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britns are turning away frm meat-and-tw-veg and ready-made meals and becming mre adventurus in their cking habits. It is recently reprted that the number f thse sticking t a traditinal diet is slwly declining and arund half f Britain’s cnsumers wuld like t change r imprve their cking in sme way. There has been a rise in the number f students applying fr fd curses at UK universities and clleges. It seems that TV prgrammes have helped change what peple think abut cking.
Accrding t a new study frm market analysts, 1 in 5 Britns say that watching ckery prgrammes n TV has encuraged them t try different fd. Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre. One in fur adults say that TV chefs have made them much mre cnfident abut expanding their ckery knwledge and skills, and yung peple are als getting mre interested in cking. The UK’s bsessin (痴迷) with fd is reflected thrugh televisin scheduling. Ckery shws and dcumentaries abut fd are bradcast mre ften than befre. With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.
28. What d peple usually think f British fd?
A. It is simple and plain.B. It is rich in nutritin.
C. It lacks authentic tastes.D. It deserves a high reputatin.
29. Which best describes ckery prgramme n British TV?
A. Authritative.B. Creative.C. Prfitable.D. Influential.
30. Which is the percentage f the peple using mre diverse ingredients nw?
A. 20%.B. 24%.C. 25%.D. 33%.
31. What might the authr cntinue talking abut?
A. The art f cking in ther cuntries.B. Male chefs n TV prgrammes.
C. Table manners in the UK.D. Studies f big eaters.
【答案】28. A 29. D 30. D 31. B
【导语】本篇是一篇说明文，介绍英国人在英国烹饪节目的影响下改变对烹饪的看法，并尝试新的烹饪习惯。
28.细节理解题。根据第一段的“What cmes int yur mind when yu think f British fd? Prbably fish and chips, r a Sunday dinner f meat and tw vegetables. But is British fd really s uninteresting?”（当你想到英国食物时，你会想到什么？你可能想到的是炸鱼薯条，或是一肉两菜的周日晚餐。但是，英国食物真的如此无趣吗？）可知，提及英国食物，大家往往只是想到炸鱼薯条和周日烤肉，所以人们通常会觉得英国食物平平无奇。故选A项。
29.推理判断题。根据第二段的“It’s thanks t these TV chefs rather than any advertising campaign that Britns are turning away frm meat-and-tw-veg and ready-made meals and becming mre adventurus in their cking habits.”（正是由于电视上的这些大厨，而不是凭借广告宣传活动，英国人正在远离“一肉两菜”和速食餐，而变得更加愿意探索新的烹饪习惯。）和“It seems that TV prgrammes have helped change what peple think abut cking.”（似乎电视节目帮助改变了人们对烹饪的看法。）可知，英国的烹饪节目能够改变英国人对烹饪的看法，尝试从传统的英式饮食走出来，尝试新的烹饪习惯，由此推知英国的烹饪节目具有很大的影响力。故选D项。
30.细节理解题。根据第三段的“Almst ne third say they nw use a wider variety f ingredients (配料) than they used t, and just under 1 in 4 say they nw buy better quality ingredients than befre.”（几乎三分之一的人表示他们现在使用的配料比以前更多，将近四分之一的人表示他们现在购买的配料质量比以前更好。）可知，三分之一左右的人，也就是33%左右的人，使用的配料比以前更多。故选D项。
31.推理判断题。根据第三段的最后一句“With an increasing number f male chefs n TV, it’s n lnger “uncl” fr bys t like cking.”（随着电视上出现越来越多男性厨师，男孩子喜欢烹饪不再是一件“不酷”的事了。）可知，接下来，文章应该具体介绍电视上的男性厨师，从而与上文形成语义连贯。故选B项。
2.（2011安徽高考真题B篇）
Think abut the different ways that peple use the wind. Yu can use it t fly a kite r t sai1a bat. Wind is ne f ur f ur cleanest and riches pwer surce(来源) , as well as ne f the ldest . Evidence shws that windmills(风车) began t be used in ancient Iran back in the seventh century BC .They were first intrduced t Eurpe during the 1100s, when armies returned frm the Middle East with knwledge f using wind pwer.
Fr many centuries, peple used windmills t grind (磨碎)wheat int flur r pump water frm deep undergrund when electricity was discvered in the 1ate 1800s, peple living in remte areas began t use them t prduce electricity. This al1wed them t peple in almst all1 areas f the United States, windmills were rarely used. During the curse 1970s, peple started becming cncerned abut the pllutin that is created when cal and gas are burned t prduce electricity. Peple als realized that the supply f cal and gas wuld nt last frever. Then, wind was rediscvered, thugh it means higher casts. Tday, there is a glbal mvement t supply mre and mre f ur electricity thrugh the use f wind.
60. Frm the text we knw that windmills_________.
A. were invented by Eurpean armies.
B. have a histry f mre than 2800 years.
C. used t supply pwer t radi in remte areas.
D. have rarely been used since electricity was discvered.
61. What was a new use fr wind pwer in the late l9th century ?
A. Sailing a bat.
B. Prducing electricity.
C. Grinding wheat int flur.
D. Pumping water frm undergrund.
62. One f the reasns wind was rediscvered in the 1970 is that_______.
A. wind pwer is cleaner.
B. it is ne f the ldest pwer surces.
C. it was cheaper t creat energy frm wind .
D. the supply f cal and gas failed t meet needs.
63. What wuld the authr prbably discuss in the paragraph that fllws?
A. The advantage f wind pwer.
B. The design f wind pwer plants.
C. The wrldwide mvement t save energy.
D. The glbal trend twards prducing pwer frm wind.
60. C 61. B 62. A 63. D
【分析】本文是一篇说明文。风能是洁净的丰富的能源，本文主要介绍了风能及有史以来风能运用的情况，今天，有一项全球性的运动，通过使用风能来提供越来越多的电力。
60. 细节理解题。根据第二段句子“Fr many centuries ,peple used windmills t grind(磨碎)wheat int flur r pump water frm deep undergrund when electricity was discvered in the 1ate 1800s,peple living in remte areas began t use them t prduce electricity.( 几个世纪以来，人们用风车把小麦磨成面粉，或者从地下深处抽水。当19世纪发现电力时，生活在偏远地区的人们开始用它们发电。)”可知，人们最初利用风车磨面或抽水，十九世纪末有了电之后，人们又用其发电，为偏远地区的无线电设备提供电力。故选C项。
61. 细节理解题。根据第二段句子“Fr many centuries ,peple used windmills t grind(磨碎)wheat int flur r pump water frm deep undergrund when electricity was discvered in the 1ate 1800s,peple living in remte areas began t use them t prduce electricity.( 几个世纪以来，人们用风车把小麦磨成面粉，或者从地下深处抽水。当19世纪发现电力时，生活在偏远地区的人们开始用它们发电。)”可推断在19世纪末期，风车可以用来发电，也就是说风能的新用途是发点。故选B项。
62. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“During the curse 1970s, peple started becming cncerned abut the pllutin that is created when cal and gas are burned t prduce electricity. Peple als realized that the supply f cal and gas wuld nt last frever. Then, wind was rediscvered, thugh it means higher casts. ( 在20世纪70年代，人们开始担心煤炭和天然气燃烧发电造成的污染。人们还意识到，煤炭和天然气的供应不会永远持续下去。然后，风能被重新发现，尽管这意味着更高的成本)”可知二十世纪七十年代，人们更加注重环保，而且认识到煤炭和天然气的短缺；而尽管成本较高，但是风能的特点是洁净并丰富的。故选A项。
63. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段的“During the curse 1970s, peple started becming cncerned abut the pllutin that is created when cal and gas are burned t prduce electricity. Peple als realized that the supply f cal and gas wuld nt last frever. Then, wind was rediscvered, thugh it means higher casts. Tday, there is a glbal mvement t supply mre and mre f ur electricity thrugh the use f wind . ( 在20世纪70年代，人们开始担心煤炭和天然气燃烧发电造成的污染。人们还意识到，煤炭和天然气的供应不会永远持续下去。然后，风能被重新发现，尽管这意味着更高的成本。今天，全球正在进行一场运动，希望通过使用风能提供越来越多的电力。)”可知，最后一段讲述了二十世纪七十年代，人们更加注重环保，而且认识到煤和气的短缺；而尽管成本较高，但是风能的特点是洁净并丰富的。如今，全球范围内正在发起利用风能发电的运动。因此推断下一段将会讲述全球利用风能发电的情况。故选D项。
3.（2010·湖北·高考真题B篇）
Fr many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a lng war, but years g by withut any clear winner. Like a brder cnflict between neighbring cuntries, the parent-teen war is abut bundaries: Where is the line between what I cntrl and what yu d?
Bth sides want peace, but neither feels it has any pwer t stp the cnflict. In part, this is because neither is willing t admit any respnsibility fr starting it. Frm the parents’ pint f view, the nly cause f their fight is their adlescents’ cmplete unreasnableness. And f curse, the teens see it in exactly the same way, except ppsitely. Bth feel trapped.
In this article, I’ll describe three n-win situatins that cmmnly arise between teens and parents and then suggest sme ways ut f the trap. The first n-win situatin is quarrels ver unimprtant things. Examples include the clr f the teen’s hair, the cleanliness f the bedrm, the preferred style f clthing, the child’s failure t eat a gd breakfast befre schl, r his tendency t sleep until nn n the weekends. Secnd, blaming. The gal f a blaming battle is t make the ther admit that his bad attitude is the reasn why everything ges wrng. Third, needing t be right. It desn’t matter what the tpic is—plitics, the laws f physics, r the prper way t break an egg—the pint f these arguments is t prve that yu are right and the ther persn is wrng, fr bth wish t be cnsidered an authrity—smene wh actually knws smething—and therefre t cmmand respect. Unfrtunately, as lng as parents and teens cntinue t assume that they knw mre than the ther, they’ll cntinue t fight these battles frever and never make any real prgress.
55. Why des the authr cmpare the parent-teen war t a brder cnflict?
A. Bth are abut where t draw the line.
B. Bth can cntinue fr generatins.
C. Neither has any clear winner.
D. Neither can be put t an end.
56. What des the underlined part in Paragraph 2 mean?
A. The teens tend t have a full understanding f their parents.
B. The teens agree with their parents n the cause f the cnflict.
C. The teens cause their parents f misleading them.
D. The teens blame their parents fr starting the cnflict.
57. Parents and teens want t be right because they want t ______.
A. give rders t the ther
B. knw mre than the ther
C. gain respect frm the ther
D. get the ther t behave prperly
58. What will the authr mst prbably discuss in the paragraph that fllws?
A. Slutins fr the parent-teen prblems.
B. Examples f the parent-teen war.
C. Causes fr the parent-teen cnflicts.
D. Future f the parent-teen relatinship.
55. A 56. D 57. C 58. A
【分析】本文是说明文。文章分析了父母和孩子之间战争的实质、原因、表现形式和解决办法。
55. 推理判断题。根据第一段Fr many parents, raising a teenager is like fighting a lng war, but years g by withut any clear winner. Like a brder cnflict between neighbring cuntries, the parent-teen war is abut bundaries: …可知父母和孩子之间的战争最后没有明确的赢家，就像邻国之间的边界冲突。作者把二者相比，是因为二者都是关于界限的。故选A。
56. 句意猜测题。上句Frm the parents’ pint f view, the nly cause f their fight is their adlescents’ cmplete unreasnableness.说明从父母的角度来看，唯一的原因是他们的孩子完全不讲道理。画线句子the teens see it in exactly the same way，指的是孩子也用相同的方式看这个问题。根据下句Bth feel trapped.可推测孩子认为父母不讲道理，引起了矛盾。D项表达了此意，故选D。
57. 细节理解题。根据最后一段the pint f these arguments is t prve that yu are right and the ther persn is wrng, fr bth wish t be cnsidered an authrity—smene wh actually knws smething—and therefre t cmmand respect.这些争论的重点是证明你是对的，而另一个人是错的，因为双方都希望被视为权威——一个真正懂得一些事情的人——从而获得尊重。由此推知父母和孩子都希望自己是正确的，因为都想获得对方的尊重。故选C。
58. 推理判断题。最后一段提到In this article, I’ll describe three n-win situatins that cmmnly arise between teens and parents and then suggest sme ways ut f the trap. 在这篇文章中，作者将描述三种通常出现在青少年和父母之间的不成功的情况，然后建议一些方法来摆脱这种陷阱。最后一段中介绍了三种情况及具体表现，所以推测下段应该是问题的解决办法。故选A。
【名校好题强化】
（23-24上·桂林·期中）Yga (瑜伽) is an ancient practice that helps create a sense f unin bdy, mind, and spirit. It brings us balance. After a lng time f practicing yga, yu n lnger just practice it — yu lve it.
Yga becmes part f yur physical life. Yur bdy grws strnger, mre tned (有弹性的), and mre flexible as yu mve frm ne pse t anther. I spent a week in Mexic at a yga retreat, and it was the first vacatin n which I lst weight. “Rather than building muscles, yga builds muscle tne,” says Shakta Kaur Khalsa, authr f KISS Guide t Yga. “Because yga helps maintain a balanced metablism (新陈代谢), and it als helps t cntrl weight. Additinally, yga stretches muscles lengthwise, causing fat arund the cells disappear, thus lsing weight.”
I d yga pses thrughut the day. After hurs at my cmputer, I stretch my stiff shulders and arms. When I need an increase in energy, I d energizing pses. When I am feeling exhausted at the end f the day, I d restrative (恢复体力的) pses.
Yga becmes part f yur mental life. Yga teaches yu t fcus n breathing while yu hld the pses. This attentin t breath is calming; it disslves (使消除) stress and anxiety. I use ygic breathing n the tennis curt, in the dentist’s chair, and when I’m stuck in traffic.
Yu shuld always leave a yga practice feeling energized, but nt tired. If yu feel tired after yga, it means yu spent the time “fighting” yurself, trying t frce yurself int pses. In yga, yu “surrender” t the pses by letting g f the tensin.
1. Accrding t the secnd paragraph, yga can help peple ___.
A. lse weightB. make friends
C. be flexible in thinkingD. grw tall
2. Why des a persn feel tired after yga?
A. Because when practicing yga, peple will cnsume a lt f energy.
B. Because he r she surrenders t the pses by letting g f the tensin.
C. Because he r she desn’t d yga pses naturally.
D. Because yga desn’t benefit all the peple.
3. What wuld be the best title fr this passage?
A. What’s yga?B. The benefits f yga.
C. Hw d I d yga pses?D. The varieties f yga.
4. What will be talked abut if this passage cntinues?
A. The disadvantages f yga.
B. Yga is becming ppular all ver the wrld.
C. Encuraging peple t d yga.
D. Yga is becming part f yur spiritual life.
1. A 2. C 3. B 4. D
【导语】本文为说明文，文章主要讲了瑜伽是一项有益身心健康的运动，并且对练瑜伽的优点进行了详细的介绍。
1. 细节理解题。根据第二段的“Because yga helps maintain a balanced metablism (新陈代谢), and it als helps t cntrl weight. Additinally, yga stretches muscles lengthwise, causing fat arund the cells disappear, thus lsing weight.(因为瑜伽有助于维持平衡的新陈代谢，也有助于控制体重。此外，瑜伽可以纵向拉伸肌肉，使细胞周围的脂肪消失，从而减轻体重。)”可知，瑜伽可以帮助人们减肥。故选A。
2. 推理判断题。根据最后一段的“If yu feel tired after yga, it means yu spent the time “fighting” yurself, trying t frce yurself int pses.(如果你在练完瑜伽后感到疲倦，这意味着你花了很多时间来“与自己战斗”，试图强迫自己摆出各种姿势。)”可知，一个人做完瑜伽后感觉很累，是因为他没有很自然地去做瑜伽的姿势。故选C。
3. 主旨大意题。通读全文，尤其是第一段的“Yga (瑜伽) is an ancient practice that helps create a sense f unin bdy, mind, and spirit. It brings us balance. After a lng time f practicing yga, yu n lnger just practice it — yu lve it.(瑜伽是一种古老的练习，有助于创造身体、思想和精神的联合感。它给我们带来平衡。长时间练习瑜伽后，你不再只是在练习，而是爱上了它。)”可知，这篇文章主要讲了瑜伽是一项有益身心健康的运动，并且对练瑜伽的优点进行了详细的介绍，因此最好的题目是B选项“The benefits f yga.(瑜伽的好处。)”，故选B。
4. 推理判断题。文章第一段Yga (瑜伽) is an ancient practice that helps create a sense f unin bdy, mind, and spirit.统领全文，瑜伽是一种古老的练习，有助于创造身体、思想和精神的联合和平衡。第二段首句physical与bdy呼应；第四段首句mental与首段mind呼应，所以如果这篇文章继续写的话，接下来会写瑜伽会成为你精神生活的一部分，选项D中spirit与首段spirit。故选D。
（23·24上·沧州·期中）When we talk mre bradly f bdy language, rather than gd pstures, we can actually see the effects it has n relatinships right thrughut the animal kingdm. In particular, bdy language is used t express pwer thrugh expansive (扩张的) pstures.
Yu might knw abut Amy Cuddy’s famus Ted Talk and her incredible insights n hw psture changes ur thughts. Cuddy and her team study bdy language, particularly what they call “high-pwer” and “lw-pwer” pses.
“High-pwer” pses refer t the act f taking a psture f cnfidence, which can help yu feel mre self-cnfident, even after nly tw minutes. Typical high-pwer pses are abut pening up. Yu stretch and expand yur bdy t take up as much space as pssible. Fr example, bsses are ding high-pwer pses when they lean back in their chairs, put their hands behind their heads, and kick their feet up nt their desks. Meanwhile, peple take lw-pwer psitins when they’re feeling helpless r defeated. They clse up, arms arund themselves, taking up the smallest space.
Sme even mre recent studies tk this even further: A study by researchers frm Clumbia and Harvard Universities shwed that bdy language symblizing pwer can actually affect ur decisin-making, unintentinally. The researchers measured the desire fr risk f participants in either expansive, pwerful pses r cnstricted (收缩的) pses. Thse in the pwerful pses nt nly felt mre pwerful and in cntrl, but were 45% mre likely t take risky actins.
“This isn’t abut what yur bdy language is cmmunicating t thers; it’s abut what yur bdy language is cmmunicating t yu. Yur bdy language is changing yur mind, which changes yur behavir, which changes yur utcmes,” said Cuddy.
S if yu want t take advantage f the benefits f these pses t live a healthier and happier life, where shuld yu start?
5. Which is prbably a lw-pwer pse accrding t the text?
A. Sitting with hands crssed in the lap.
B. Arms raised in a “V” abve the head.
C. Standing with yur legs pen.
D. Sitting with yur arms spreading ut n the chair.
6. What can we say abut peple in the expansive pses?
A. They are hesitant.B. They are very shy.
C. They feel ut f cntrl.D. They feel mre cnfident.
7. What is the text mainly abut?
A. The psture f cnfidence.B. Cuddy’s research n behavir.
C. The surprising pwer f bdy language.D. The research abut decisin-making.
8. What might be talked abut in the fllwing paragraph?
A. Hw t crrect bad habits.B. Hw t imprve yur bdy language.
C. Hw psture affects yur health.D. Why gd psture matters fr emplyees.
【答案】5. A 6. D 7. C 8. B
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了身体语言对动物以及人际关系的影响，特别是通过扩张性姿势来表达权力。作者介绍了研究发现，高权力姿势能够提高个人自信心，进而影响个人决策。文章最后给出了建议，提醒人们从改变自己的身体语言开始，改变自己的思考和行为，从而实现更好的生活。
5. 推理判断题。根据第三段“Meanwhile, peple take lw-pwer psitins when they’re feeling helpless r defeated. They clse up, arms arund themselves, taking up the smallest space.(与此同时，当人们感到无助或被打败时，他们会采取低权力姿势。他们紧闭身体，双臂紧贴身体，占据最小的空间)”可推断，手交叉放在腿上坐着，缩小自己占用的空间，属于“低权利”姿势。故选A。
6. 细节理解题。根据第三段““High-pwer” pses refer t the act f taking a psture f cnfidence, which can help yu feel mre self-cnfident, even after nly tw minutes. (“强势”姿势指的是摆出一种自信的姿势，这种姿势即使在两分钟后也能让你感觉更自信)”及第四段“The researchers measured the desire fr risk f participants in either expansive, pwerful pses r cnstricted (收缩的) pses. Thse in the pwerful pses nt nly felt mre pwerful and in cntrl, but were 45% mre likely t take risky actins.(研究人员测量了参与者在舒展的、有力的姿势和收缩的姿势中对风险的渴望。那些摆出强势姿势的人不仅感觉自己更强大、更有控制力，而且采取冒险行动的可能性也高出45%)”可知，那些摆着扩张式的姿势的人通常会感觉更加自信。故选D。
7. 主旨大意题。根据第一段“In particular, bdy language is used t express pwer thrugh expansive (扩张的) pstures.(特别是，肢体语言被用来通过扩张的姿势来表达权力)”以及通读全文可知，文章讲述了身体语言对动物以及人际关系的影响，特别是通过扩张性姿势来表达权力即神奇的具有能量的肢体语言。由此可知，C选项“The surprising pwer f bdy language.( 肢体语言的惊人力量)”概括文章主要内容。故选C。
8. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“S if yu want t take advantage f the benefits f these pses t live a healthier and happier life, where shuld yu start?(所以，如果你想利用这些姿势的好处，过上更健康、更快乐的生活，你应该从哪里开始呢？)”可知，此处强调如果想通过利用这些姿势的好处，想要过上更健康、更快乐的生活，要从哪儿里开始。由此推知，接下来文章可能会讨论应该从哪些方面入手如何改善肢体语言。故选B。
（23·24上·沈阳·阶段练习）There is n lack f excellent flying builders-such as bees-in nature. T build a nest, these insects team up t cllect the needed materials and fllw the specificatin f a cmplex design that ends up being many times their size. This building prcess takes mnths, even lnger than their average lifespan, during which the insects must adjust as they g.
Inspired by these insect building teams, Mirk Kvac, a rbticist, develped a way t imprve 3D printing fr the cnstructin industry. A typical 3D printer is limited by the range f its nzzle (喷嘴), and can nly make bjects smaller than itself. Besides, 3D cnstructin rbtics currently fcuses mstly n grund-based rbts. And large-scale systems that need t be cnnected t a pwer supply are limited in places where they can be laid ut.
Dr Kvac’s team has remved these limitatins by giving the printer nzzle wings. Dr Kvac describes a system f flying rbts that is cmpsed f tw types f drnes: BuilDrnes and ScanDrnes.
First, a builder flies ver its area f peratin and begins t release a jet f the building material. Once the builder rbt has sprayed a layer f material, the scanner rbt flies ver and inspects the prgress. The scanner then calculates the next layer that the builder shuld make, while als crrecting any errrs that might have been discvered in what has already been built. At this pint, peple can als step in the prcess when necessary.
The researchers tested the system’s capabilities by building bth a large cylinder (圆柱体) (72 layers and 2 meters tall) made f a lightweight material, and a small ne (28 layers, 18cm) made f a high-density mixture. The tasks were nt simple. Making circles n tp f ther circles wuld nt have wrked, because the perfect alignment (required wuld have been impractical t achieve. As a result, Dr Kvac’s rbts passed the test with flying clrs-the cylinders were built t within 5mm f the width and height f the planned structures, which is f sufficient quality, as far as British building requirements are cncerned.
Because the flying rbts can, in thery, perate anywhere, they culd fix things in dangerus r therwise inaccessible places.
9. What is the disadvantage f cnventinal 3D cnstructin rbts?
A. They lack flexibility.
B. They’re electricity-cnsuming.
C. They’re hard t set up and perate.
D. They make nzzles subject t wear and tear.
10. What are ScanDrnes respnsible fr?
A. Spreading building materials layer by layer.
B. Mnitring the building prcess in real time.
C. Warning human peratrs f ptential errrs.
D. Supplying BuilDrnes with building materials.
11. Hw did the researchers find their innvatin?
A. Cnfusing.B. Immature.C. Tlerable.D. Impressive.
12. What might the authr talk abut in the fllwing paragraphs?
A. The essential maintenance f the system.
B. Eclgical challenges f lightweight materials.
C. Ptential applicatins f the new cnstructin rbts.
D. The system’s lng-term impact n human cnstructrs.
【答案】9. A 10. B 11. D 12. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了一个机器人专家受到了蜜蜂的启发，建造机器人的过程以及这个机器人可能的应用。
9. 推理判断题。根据第二段的“A typical 3D printer is limited by the range f its nzzle (喷嘴), and can nly make bjects smaller than itself. Besides, 3D cnstructin rbtics currently fcuses mstly n grund-based rbts. And large-scale systems that need t be cnnected t a pwer supply are limited in places where they can be laid ut. (典型的3D打印机受到喷嘴范围的限制，只能打印比自己小的物体。此外，3D建筑机器人目前主要集中在地面机器人上。而且需要连接到电源的大型系统在它们可以布局的地方是有限的。)”可知，传统的3D打印机缺乏灵活性。故选A。
10. 细节理解题。根据第四段的“Once the builder rbt has sprayed a layer f material, the scanner rbt flies ver and inspects the prgress. (一旦建筑机器人喷完一层材料，扫描机器人就会飞过去检查进度。)”可知，ScanDrnes负责实时监控建筑过程。故选B。
11. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“The tasks were nt simple. Making circles n tp f ther circles wuld nt have wrked, because the perfect alignment (required wuld have been impractical t achieve. As a result, Dr Kvac’s rbts passed the test with flying clrs-the cylinders were built t within 5mm f the width and height f the planned structures, which is f sufficient quality, as far as British building requirements are cncerned. (任务并不简单。把圆放在其他圆的上面是行不通的，因为所要求的完美对齐是不切实际的。结果，科瓦奇博士的机器人以优异的成绩通过了测试——圆柱体与计划结构的宽度和高度相差不超过5毫米，就英国建筑的要求而言，这是足够的质量。)”可知，研究人员原本认为任务不可能完成，但是最终机器人以优异的成绩完成了测试，因此推断他们的创新让研究人员印象深刻，故选D。
12. 推理判断题。根据倒数第一段的“Because the flying rbts can, in thery, perate anywhere, they culd fix things in dangerus r therwise inaccessible places. (因为从理论上讲，飞行机器人可以在任何地方操作，它们可以在危险或无法到达的地方修理东西。)”可知，最后一段阐述了理论上机器人所能做到的，因此推断接下来作者有可能讨论新型机器人的潜在的应用。故选C。
（23·24上·全国·课时练习）Tday’s wrkplaces are mre multicultural than ever, and it’s nrmal t wrk with peple frm many different places and backgrunds. This has pened up many new pprtunities — but it als creates sme challenges.
Cultural differences aren’t just abut natinality, race r belief. Many f us wrk in multi-generatinal rganizatins, alngside yunger r lder clleagues wh have cultural references, assumptin and attitudes that are very different frm ur wn. All f this means that we need t be better at understanding and perating in a wide variety f cultures. That’s where Cultural Intelligence, r als CQ, the ability t adapt t new cultural settings, cmes in.
Peple with high CQ aren’t experts in every kind f culture. Instead, they have the skills t g int new envirnments with cnfidence, and t make infrmed judgments based n bservatins and evidence.
These peple are gd at understanding unfamiliar r ambiguus behaviur. They recgnize shared influences amng particular grups, and this allws them t identify the impact f a particular culture.
Hwever, they als knw that cultural influences are cmplex and intercnnected. And they’re aware that while culture is significant, factrs such as business rles and individual persnalities can have a pwerful effect n behaviur, t.
Fr example, let’s say yu have a meeting with an Italian stckbrker (证券经纪人). Des this persn behave the way peple d because they’re Italian, because they’re stckbrkers, r because they’re Italian stckbrkers? Or is it because they’re millennials, r intrverts? It’s likely a cmbinatin f all f these elements (要素), s aim t avid making assumptins r generalizatins based n any single aspect.
Cultural knwledge desn’t necessarily mean that yu have t knw every detail f a culture. It’s abut knwing hw that culture in general shapes peple’s behaviurs, values, and beliefs. When yu understand that, individual “rules” f behaviur make much mre sense.
13. Why d we need t have CQ?
A. Because the earth has becme a glbal village.
B. Because we wrk in multi-natinal rganizatins.
C. Because we trade with peple frm all ver the wrld.
D. Because we wrk with peple frm different places and backgrunds.
14. Which f the fllwing statements is true?
A. Peple with high CQ specialize in every kind f culture.
B. Peple with high CQ can understand unfamiliar r uncertain behaviur.
C. Peple with high CQ have an ability f dealing with different custmers.
D. Peple with high CQ think it is easy fr them t adapt t new cultural settings.
15. Why des the authr refer t an Italian stckbrker in Paragraph 6?
A. T shw a special Italian man.
B. T stress the imprtance f learning stcks.
C. T prve cmplex cultural influences.
D. T demnstrate the need f understanding thers.
16. What will be pssibly discussed in the fllwing paragraph?
A. Hw t find the individual “rules” f behaviur.
B. Hw t knw every detail f an unfamiliar culture.
C. Hw t wrk in a multicultural wrkplace.
D. Hw t understand thers in multicultural wrkplace.
【答案】13. D 14. B 15. C 16. A
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章讲述了在多文化环境下，如何适应文化差异，善于处理这些情况，具备文化智能。
13. 细节理解题。根据第一段“Tday’s wrkplaces are mre multicultural than ever, and it’s nrmal t wrk with peple frm many different places and backgrunds. ”（今天的工作场所比以往任何时候都更加多元文化，与来自不同地方和背景的人一起工作是很正常的。）和第二段“Many f us wrk in multi-generatinal rganizatins, alngside yunger r lder clleagues wh have cultural references, assumptin and attitudes that are very different frm ur wn. All f this means that we need t be better at understanding and perating in a wide variety f cultures. That’s where Cultural Intelligence, r als CQ, the ability t adapt t new cultural settings, cmes in. ”（我们中的许多人在多代人的组织中工作，与年轻或年长的同事一起工作，他们的文化背景、假设和态度与我们截然不同。所有这些都意味着我们需要更好地理解和处理各种各样的文化。这就是文化智力，或CQ，适应新文化环境的能力的来源。）可知，因为工作环境成为多文化融合的环境，我们与来自不同地方和背景的人合作，所以我们需要具备文化智能。故选D。
14. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“These peple are gd at understanding unfamiliar r ambiguus behavir.”（这些人善于理解不熟悉或模棱两可的行为。）可知，文化智商高的人能够理解不熟悉或不确定的行为，B项正确。故选B。
15. 推理判断题。根据第五段“Hwever, they als knw that cultural influences are cmplex and intercnnected. And they’re aware that while culture is significant, factrs such as business rles and individual persnalities can have a pwerful effect n behaviur, t.”（然而，他们也知道文化的影响是复杂和相互关联的。他们意识到，虽然文化很重要，但商业角色和个人性格等因素也会对行为产生强大影响。）讲到文化的影响是复杂和相互关联的，而第六段“Fr example, let’s say yu have a meeting with an Italian stckbrker (证券经纪人). Des this persn behave the way peple d because they’re Italian, because they’re stckbrkers, r because they’re Italian stckbrkers? Or is it because they’re millennials, r intrverts? It’s likely a cmbinatin f all f these elements (要素), s aim t avid making assumptins r generalizatins based n any single aspect.”（例如，假设您要与一位意大利股票经纪人开会。这个人的行为举止是因为他是意大利人，是因为他是股票经纪人，还是因为他是意大利股票经纪人?还是因为他们是千禧一代，或者内向的人?这可能是所有这些元素的组合，所以要避免基于任何单一方面做出假设或概括。）提到意大利股票经纪人是为了证明复杂的文化影响力。故选C。
16. 推理判断题。根据最后一段提到“When yu understand that, individual ‘rules’ f behavir make much mre sense.”（当你明白了这一点，个人行为的“规则”就更有意义了。）可知，接下来可能要讨论“如何找到个人行为的‘规则’。”故选A。
（23·24上·重庆·阶段练习）Several days f unusual warm weather in nrthern Greenland have caused rapid melting（融化）. “Temperatures have been running arund -12.2 ℃-15.5 ℃. It is warmer than nrmal fr this time f year,” scientists said. The amunt f ice that melted in Greenland between July 15 and July 17 alne-6 billin tns f water per day-wuld be enugh t fill 7.2 millin Olympic-sized swimming pls, accrding t the reprt frm the Natinal Snw and Ice Data Center. Put anther way, it was enugh t cver the whle state f West Virginia with a ft f water.
Fr the scientists ut n the ice sheet（冰盖）, the warmth has been alarming. “It really makes me anxius,” said Kutalmis Saylam, a scientist wh is nw wrking in Greenland. “Yesterday, we culd hang. abut in ur T-shirts, which was nt really expected. Since Greenland hlds enugh ice, sea level wuld rise by 7.5 meters arund the wrld if ice all melted.”
In 2020, scientists fund that Greenland’s ice sheet had melted beynd the pint f n return. “N effrts t prevent glbal warming can stp it frm finally breaking int small parts,” said researchers.
Aslak Grinsted, a climate scientist, said that they were trying t get flights int the camp s they can ship ut the ice cres（冰芯）they had recently cllected. But the warmth is destabilizing the landing site. “The weather we are seeing right nw is t ht fr the ski-equipped planes t land,” Grinsted said. “S we stre the ice cres in large caves we have made int the snw t prtect it frm the heat f the summer.” Scientists made use f the abnrmal warmth while they were waiting, playing vlleyball in their shrts n an ice sheet at the tp f the wrld.
Grinsted referred t the temperatures as a heat wave, and nted that the pssibility f temperatures getting this ht was clearly cnnected t glbal warming.
17. Hw des the authr supprt the tpic f paragraph 1?
A. By explring reasns.B. By drawing cnclusins.
C. By making cmparisns.D. By ding sme experiments.
18. What did Kutalmis mean in paragraph 2?
A. He disliked wearing a T-shirt.
B. He wrried abut the warmth.
C. He was deeply impressed by the ice.
D. He was thirsty fr enjying the sea view.
19. What des the underlined wrd “destabilizing" mean in paragraph 4?
A. Destrying.
B. Imprving.
C. Impressing.
D. Stpping.
20. What will the authr prbably d in the fllwing paragraph?
A. Recmmend visiting Greenland.
B. Call n peple t prtect the envirnment.
C. Describe hw t ship ut the ice cre.
D. Plan t rganize a sprts meeting n ice.
【答案】17. C 18. B 19. A 20. B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了格陵兰岛北部连续几天异常温暖的天气导致冰川快速融化，这种温暖令人担忧。
17. 推理判断题。根据第一段中“Temperatures have been running arund -12.2 ℃-15.5 ℃. It is warmer than nrmal fr this time f year”（气温一直在-12.2℃-15.5℃左右。比往年这个时候要暖和。）可推知，作者通过比较来支持第一段的主题。故选C项。
18. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“Fr the scientists ut n the ice sheet（冰盖）, the warmth has been alarming. “It really makes me anxius,” said Kutalmis Saylam, a scientist wh is nw wrking in Greenland.”（对于身处冰原上的科学家来说，气温的升高令人担忧。“这真的让我很焦虑，”目前在格陵兰岛工作的科学家库塔尔米斯·塞拉姆(Kutalmis Saylam)说。）可知，库塔尔米斯在第二段中的意思是他担心变暖。故选B项。
19. 词义猜测题。根据划线单词后一句“The weather we are seeing right nw is t ht fr the ski-equipped planes t land”（我们现在看到的天气太热了，配备滑雪设备的飞机无法降落。）可知，飞机无法降落的原因是上文提到的“But the warmth is destabilizing the landing site.”（但温暖正在破坏着陆点的稳定。）可知，降落地点遭到破坏，故可猜测划线单词destabilizing为“破坏”的意思，结合选项A项Destrying“毁坏”意思一致。故选A项。
20. 推理判断题。本文主要介绍了格陵兰岛北部连续几天异常温暖的天气导致冰川快速融化，这种温暖令人担忧。以及文章最后一段讲到“Grinsted referred t the temperatures as a heat wave, and nted that the pssibility f temperatures getting this ht was clearly cnnected t glbal warming.”（格林斯特德将这种温度称为热浪，并指出温度变得如此高的可能性显然与全球变暖有关。）可推知，作者在下一段中可能会呼吁人们保护环境。故选B项。
（23·24上·吉林·开学考试）Over 1 in 10 yung adults in the United States regularly use e-cigarettes, accrding t a new reprt frm the US Centers fr Disease Cntrl and Preventin.
The study, cnducted by the CDC’s Natinal Center fr Health Statistics, prvides a snapsht (大致印象) f e-cigarette use in 2021. Based n data frm the Natinal Health Interview Survey, the reprt identified that e-cigarette use generally declined as family incme increased. Adults under 44 were mre likely t be dual users f bth cigarettes and e-cigarettes.
Previus findings frm the Natinal Health Interview Survey have shwn that cigarette use has fallen t recrd lws. E-cigarettes, hwever, have flared in ppularity.
Frm 2020 t 2022, e-cigarette sales jumped in the United States, t 22.7 millin prducts sld each mnth, accrding t previus CDC research. Mre brands — particularly f dispsable e-cigarette prducts — entered the market, while fruit and candy flavrs that appeal t yunger audiences surged in ppularity.
The new data indicates that a little under 1 in 20 adults reprted in 2021 that they were current e-cigarette users, with slightly higher rates amng men than wmen. Yung adults, between the ages f 18 and 24, used e-cigarettes the mst, with 11% indicating that they actively cnsumed the prducts.
As peple gt lder, the study fund, rates f e-cigarette use drpped — but traditinal cigarette use steadily climbed. Abut 11.4% f survey respndents ver 45 said they currently smked cigarettes.
Fr Dr. Janna Chen, directr f the Institute fr Glbal Tbacc Cntrl at Jhns Hpkins University, the yung demgraphic (人群) f e-cigarette users is wrrying. Yung peple wh have never smked cigarettes — rather than lder cigarette users trying t break the habit — make up the bulk f e-cigarette cnsumers.
“If e-cigarettes were being used as we wuld hpe, the nly peple wh shuld use them are thse wh are using them t quit smking,” said Chen, wh was nt invlved with the new research. “Yu will see very different patterns.”
21. The study cnducted by the CDC’s Natinal Center fr Health Statistics shws that____.
A. mst f the yung adults in the US ften use e-cigarettes
B. high-incme are families inclined t use e-cigarettes
C. bth e-cigarettes and cigarettes are used by adults ver 44
D. cigarettes have failed in ppularity
22. Accrding t new data, what d we knw abut e-cigarettes?
A. E-cigarette sales slightly increased frm 2020 t 2022.
B. Mre chices f e-cigarettes fr yung adults appeared in the market.
C. Previus male e-cigarettes users utnumbered the female nes.
D. The majrity f the aged 18 t 24 indicates that they were active e-cigarettes cnsumers.
23. What can be learned frm Dr.Janna Chen’s statement?
A. Yung e-cigarettes users wrry abut the develpment f cigarettes.
B. Older cigarette users ften use e-cigarettes t quit smking.
C. E-cigarettes can be used t quit smking.
D. E-cigarettes are being used as Chen hped.
24. What will the authr discuss in the fllwing paragraph?
A. The prper use f e-cigarettes.B. Different patterns f e-cigarettes.
C. Tips n hw t quit smking.D. Further criticism twards e-cigarettes.
【答案】21. D 22. B 23. C 24. A
【导语】本文为一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了美国疾病控制与预防中心的一份新报告，该报告显示美国超过十分之一的年轻人经常使用电子烟。
21. 细节理解题。根据文章第二段“Based n data frm the Natinal Health Interview Survey, the reprt identified that e-cigarette use generally declined as family incme increased.(根据全国健康访谈调查的数据，该报告发现，随着家庭收入的增加，电子烟的使用量普遍下降)”以及第三段“Previus findings frm the Natinal Health Interview Survey have shwn that cigarette use has fallen t recrd lws.(此前全国健康访谈调查的结果显示，香烟使用量已降至历史最低水平)”可知，香烟不像以前那样受欢迎。故选D。
22. 细节理解题。根据文章第四段“Mre brands — particularly f dispsable e-cigarette prducts — entered the market, while fruit and candy flavrs that appeal t yunger audiences surged in ppularity.(越来越多的品牌——尤其是一次性电子烟产品——进入了市场，而吸引年轻受众的水果和糖果口味的电子香烟也越来越受欢迎。)”可知，市场上出现了更多针对年轻人的电子烟选择，有水果和糖果口味。故选B。
23. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段““If e-cigarettes were being used as we wuld hpe, the nly peple wh shuld use them are thse wh are using them t quit smking,” said Chen, wh was nt invlved with the new research. “Yu will see very different patterns.”(“如果电子烟像我们希望的那样被使用，那么唯一应该使用它们的人就是那些用它们来戒烟的人。” Chen说，她没有参与这项新研究。“你会看到非常不同的模式。”)”可知，Chen认为电子烟可以用来戒烟。故选C。
24. 推理判断题。根据最后一段““If e-cigarettes were being used as we wuld hpe, the nly peple wh shuld use them are thse wh are using them t quit smking,” said Chen, wh was nt invlved with the new research. “Yu will see very different patterns.”(“如果电子烟像我们希望的那样被使用，那么唯一应该使用它们的人就是那些用它们来戒烟的人。” Chen说，她没有参与这项新研究。“你会看到非常不同的模式。”)”可推知，接下来将会介绍如何正确使用电子烟。故选A。
（22·23下·百色·期末）D yu knw what infrmatin a tiny piece f yur hair can give? The answer may include wh yur family is, which jb yu culd be successful in, what illnesses yu culd get, and s n.
All the infrmatin is carried in yur DNA. Every cell (细胞) in yur bdy has yur unique DNA. It can tell yu a lt abut yur family, health, and persnality.
DNA was discvered by Friedrich Miesche, a Swiss scientist, in 1869, but fr many years, nbdy realized its imprtance. In 1953, Dr. James Watsn and Francis Crick, tw scientists at Cambridge University, finally discvered the structure f DNA. They were given a Nbel Prize in 1962.
Gradually, scientists learned t “read” mre and mre f the infrmatin in DNA. In 1986, fr the first time DNA testing was used by the plice. The testing can be a helpful tl fr the plice t find ut the criminal and slve the case.
In 1990 the Human Genme Prject was started in the US. Scientists wanted t make a map f human DNA. Over 1,000 scientists all ver the wrld wrked n the prject, and it tk abut 13 years t finish.
The mre scientists knw abut human DNA, the mre they can d. Fr example, it is pssible that many illnesses will be cured in the future.
25. Why des the authr ask the questin in the Paragraph One?
A. T express his puzzle.B. T shw the imprtance f hair.
C. T intrduce the tpic f the text.D. T test the readers’ knwledge f DNA.
26. What happened in 1962?
A. The structure f DNA was discvered.
B. DNA was discvered by a Swiss scientist.
C. DNA testing was used by the plice fr the first time.
D. A Nbel Prize was given t tw scientists fr their study f DNA.
27. Hw is the text mainly develped?
A. By giving examples.B. By analyzing causes.
C. By making cmparisns.D. By fllwing the time rder.
28. What will prbably be intrduced in the fllwing paragraphs?
A. Why knwledge abut DNA is imprtant.
B. Hw DNA will be used t help peple.
C. When new research n DNA will be carried ut.
D. Wh will play an imprtant part in studying DNA.
【答案】25. C 26. D 27. D 28. B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了人们对DNA的认识过程。
25. 推理判断题。根据第一段“D yu knw what infrmatin a tiny piece f yur hair can give? The answer may include wh yur family is, which jb yu culd be successful in, what illnesses yu culd get, and s n.(你知道一根小小的头发能提供什么信息吗？答案可能包括你的家人是谁，你可能在哪个工作上取得成功，你可能得什么病，等等)”可推知，作者在第一段中提出这个问题是为了引入文章的主题。故选C。
26. 细节理解题。根据第三段“In 1953, Dr. James Watsn and Francis Crick, tw scientists at Cambridge University, finally discvered the structure f DNA. They were given a Nbel Prize in 1962.(1953年，剑桥大学的两位科学家詹姆斯·沃森博士和弗朗西斯·克里克终于发现了DNA的结构。他们在1962年获得了诺贝尔奖)”可知，1962年两位研究DNA的科学家获得了诺贝尔奖。故选D。
27. 推理判断题。根据第三段“DNA was discvered by Friedrich Miesche, a Swiss scientist, in 1869, but fr many years, nbdy realized its imprtance. In 1953, Dr. James Watsn and Francis Crick, tw scientists at Cambridge University, finally discvered the structure f DNA. They were given a Nbel Prize in 1962.( 1869年，瑞士科学家弗里德里希·米什发现了DNA，但多年来，没有人意识到它的重要性。1953年，剑桥大学的两位科学家詹姆斯·沃森博士和弗朗西斯·克里克终于发现了DNA的结构。他们在1962年获得了诺贝尔奖)”；第四段“Gradually, scientists learned t “read” mre and mre f the infrmatin in DNA. In 1986, fr the first time DNA testing was used by the plice. The testing can be a helpful tl fr the plice t find ut the criminal and slve the case.(渐渐地，科学家们学会了“读取”DNA中越来越多的信息。1986年，警方第一次使用DNA检测。测试可以是一个有用的工具，为警方找到罪犯和解决案件)”以及第五段“In 1990 the Human Genme Prject was started in the US. Scientists wanted t make a map f human DNA. Over 1,000 scientists all ver the wrld wrked n the prject, and it tk abut 13 years t finish.(1990年，人类基因组计划在美国启动。科学家们想绘制人类DNA图谱。来自世界各地的1000多名科学家参与了这个项目，花了大约13年时间才完成)”可推知，文章主要是按照时间顺序展开的。故选D。
28. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Fr example, it is pssible that many illnesses will be cured in the future.(例如，许多疾病在未来有可能被治愈)”可推知，在接下来的段落中可能会介绍DNA将如何被用来帮助人们。故选B。
（22·23下·常州·期末）Stage fright, als called perfrmance anxiety, affects actrs f all ages and experience levels, frm rkie kindergarteners t Bradway stars. Take Bella Merlin. She’s a prfessr f acting and directing at the University f Califrnia, Riverside. She has als acted fr many seasns in several US theaters.Yet, she says,“Fr seven years, I feared the ne thing I lved: acting.”
Signs f stage fright include sweating, rapid breathing, tightness in the chest and “butterflies” in the stmach. Nt everyne shws all these signs r experiences them with the same intensity (强度). Yet extreme fear can make sme actrs escape mid-perfrmance and bring the curtains dwn n prmising careers.
It seems reasnable t blame stage fright entirely n bad-tempered directrs r cmplicated lines. But psychlgists have fund the physical signs actually reflect deep-rted fears f ne’s wn making. Such fears are instances f predicting a negative future utcme withut including any ther psitive alternatives.
What are these fears? One is that f making mistakes. A few actrs are afraid any errr will ruin their wn r their grup’s reputatin. These may include misprnuncing a wrd.
Fr thse wh have been perfrming fr a while, memries f negative experiences can be an added burden. Yu’re remembering last year’s schl play and imagining yur classmates laughing at yur errrs.This distracts yur attentin, raising the chance yu’ll make anther errr.
There’s a different wrry fr actrs wh put a lt f themselves int their characters. They fear that by nt accepting their nstage persnalities, the audience is labeling them as “wrthless” in real life, t.
Whatever the fear, stage fright activates (激活) a stress-respnse system in yur bdy. The alarm activating this system cmes frm an almnd-shaped area in the brain called the amygdala. After it sunds the alarm, yur bdy flds with tw chemicals: adrenaline and crtisl. They make yur heartbeat faster and tighten yur muscles, putting yu int a fight-fight-freeze mde.
Since stage fright riginates in the brain, yu might expect the cure exists there, t. Yu’d be right.
29. Why is Bella Merlin mentined in Paragraph 1?
A. T illustrate what is stage fright.
B. T shw stage fright is quite cmmn.
C. T intrduce a famus Bradway star.
D. T explain her mixed feelings abut acting.
30. What des the underlined phrase “bring the curtains dwn n” mean in Paragraph2?
A. G ahead with.B. Lk frward t.
C. Bring an end t.D. Make a difference t.
31. Which f the fllwing is a reasn fr stage fright?
A. Wrries abut making any errrs.
B. N previus perfrming experiences.
C. Lines t cmplicated t remember.
D. Lack f devtin t stage perfrmance.
32. What will be talked abut in the fllwing paragraphs?
A. Mre causes f stage fright.B. Other instances f stage fright.
C. Strategies t beat stage fright.D. In-built fright respnses in brain.
【答案】29. B 30. C 31. A 32. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章介绍了什么是怯场，以及怯场的原因。
29. 推理判断题。根据一段的“Stage fright, als called perfrmance anxiety, affects actrs f all ages and experience levels, frm rkie kindergarteners t Bradway stars. (怯场，也被称为表演焦虑，影响着所有年龄和经验水平的演员，从幼儿园新手到百老汇明星)”推知，第一段提及Bella Merlin为了说明怯场是十分常见的。故选B。
30. 词句猜测题。根据第二段“Yet extreme fear can make sme actrs escape mid-perfrmance and bring the curtains dwn n prmising careers.(然而，极度的恐惧会让一些演员在表演中逃跑，bring the curtains dwn n他们前途无量的职业生涯)”中的“escape mid-perfrmance”可知，如果演员在表演中逃跑，那么他们的职业生涯就会戛然而止。由此猜测划线部分意为“结束”。故选C。
31. 细节理解题。根据第四段的“What are these fears? One is that f making mistakes. A few actrs are afraid any errr will ruin their wn r their grup’s reputatin. (这些恐惧是什么?其一是犯错误。一些演员担心任何错误都会毁了他们自己或他们的团体的声誉)”可知，怯场的原因之一是担心犯任何一点错误。故选A。
32. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Since stage fright riginates in the brain, yu might expect the cure exists there, t. Yu’d be right.(由于怯场起源于大脑，你可能会认为治疗方法也存在于大脑中。你是对的)”可知，治疗怯场的方法存在于大脑中。由此推知，下文很有可能介绍克服怯场的方法。故选C。
（22·23下·湖北·阶段练习）Micrplastics, r tiny plastic particles - have been fund in human bld fr the first time.
In a paper published in Envirnment Internatinal, researchers in the Netherlands analyzed 22 bld samples frm healthy dnrs and fund that 17 r almst 80% cntain micrplastics.
The team tested fr five types f plastics. Plyethylene terephthalate (PET), cmmnly used in dispsable water bttles, was the mst cmmn plastic type and fund in abut 50 percent f the dnrs. The secnd mst cmmn, plystyrene (PS) which is used fr fd packaging, was fund in abut 36 percent. Alarmingly, the researchers fund up t three different types f plastic in a single bld sample.
Previusly, micrplastic pllutin has been recrded t the summit f Munt Everest, ceans, seafd, water and air. It is the first study t find such tiny particles in human bld. “The particles are transprted thrughut the bdy and stay in internal rgans,” study authr Dick Vethaak, an ectxiclgist in the Netherlands says t the Guardian.
The health effects f taking in micrplastics are currently unclear. Tday, the nly data available are labratry studies that shw its unfavrable effects n mice r rats when given large quantities f micrplastics. As Prfessr Mark Taylr f Macquarie University in Sydney tld The Guardian last year, “nbdy really knws.” Hwever, as he stressed., “Absence f evidence is nt evidence f absence.” If we’re t understand the effects, the first step underway at the mment is understanding levels f expsure.
It is estimated that since the 1950s, mre than 70 millin tns f micrplastics have been dumped int the ceans due t industrial manufacturing prcesses. A WWF reprt als suggested we’re all unintentinally taking in 125 grams f plastic every 6 mnths. Despite the small number f dnrs in the study, pllutin expert Fay Cuceir f the University f Prtsmuth, wh was nt invlved in the study, tells the AFP that the study was “slid and will stand up t examinatin.” Nw, many cuntries are taking actin t reduce micrplastics in the envirnment.
33. What did scientists find in the study f 22 dnrs’ bld samples?
A. Half the bld samples cntained micrplastics.
B. PET was the mst cmmn plastic in the samples.
C. Altgether three types f plastics are detected in samples.
D. Dnrs were healthy despite micrplastics in their bld.
34. What cncerned scientists in the Netherlands?
A. Micrplastics can damage human internal rgans.
B. Micrplastics have unfavrable effects n humans.
C. Multiple types f plastic were fund in ne sample.
D. Micrplastics have plluted the peak f Munt Everest.
35. What des Mark Taylr’s wrds cncerning micrplastics mean?
A. Their effect is t weak t nte.
B. Evidence shws n health impacts.
C. Lts f mre study abut them is needed.
D. Levels f expsure t micrplastics matter.
36. What will the writer fcus n in the fllwing paragraph?
A. Hw micrplastics get int the fd chain.
B. Hw widespread micrplastics have becme.
C. Distributin f micrplastics in the ecsystem.
D. Effective measures taken t restrict micrplastics.
【答案】33. B 34. C 35. C 36. D
【导语】本文是说明文。讲述了塑料微粒首次在人体血液中被发现，虽然还不知道，塑料微粒对人体的危害，但是我们应该采取行动，减少塑料微粒。
33. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In a paper published in Envirnment Internatinal, researchers in the Netherlands analyzed 22 bld samples frm healthy dnrs and fund that 17 r almst 80% cntain micrplastics.(在《国际环境》杂志上发表的一篇论文中，荷兰的研究人员分析了来自健康献血者的22份血液样本，发现其中17份或近80%含有微塑料)”以及第三段中“The team tested fr five types f plastics. Plyethylene terephthalate (PET), cmmnly used in dispsable water bttles, was the mst cmmn plastic type and fund in abut 50 percent f the dnrs.(该团队测试了五种塑料。聚乙烯对苯二甲酸乙二醇酯(PET)，通常用于一次性水瓶，是最常见的塑料类型，在大约50%的捐赠者中发现)”可知，PET是样本中最常见的塑料。故选B项。
34. 细节理解题。根据第二段中“In a paper published in Envirnment Internatinal, researchers in the Netherlands analyzed 22 bld samples frm healthy dnrs and fund that 17 r almst 80% cntain micrplastics.(在《国际环境》杂志上发表的一篇论文中，荷兰的研究人员分析了来自健康献血者的22份血液样本，发现其中17份或近80%含有微塑料)”以及第三段中“Alarmingly, the researchers fund up t three different types f plastic in a single bld sample.(令人震惊的是，研究人员在一份血液样本中发现了多达三种不同类型的塑料)”可知，荷兰的科学家担心的是在一个样品中发现了多种塑料。故选C项。
35. 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段中“As Prfessr Mark Taylr f Macquarie University in Sydney tld The Guardian last year, “nbdy really knws.” Hwever, as he stressed., “Absence f evidence is nt evidence f absence.” If we’re t understand the effects, the first step underway at the mment is understanding levels f expsure.(正如悉尼麦考瑞大学的马克·泰勒教授去年告诉《卫报》的那样，“没有人真正知道。”然而，正如他所强调的那样。“没有证据不等于没有证据。”如果我们要了解其影响，目前正在进行的第一步是了解暴露水平)”可推知，目前还不知道塑料微粒对人体的危害，还需进一步研究。故选C项。
36. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Despite the small number f dnrs in the study, pllutin expert Fay Cuceir f the University f Prtsmuth, wh was nt invlved in the study, tells the AFP that the study was “slid and will stand up t examinatin.” Nw, many cuntries are taking actin t reduce micrplastics in the envirnment.(尽管参与这项研究的捐赠者数量很少，但朴茨茅斯大学的污染专家费伊·库塞罗(Fay Cuceir)没有参与这项研究，他告诉法新社，这项研究是“可靠的，经得起检验”。现在，许多国家正在采取行动减少环境中的微塑料)”可推知，在接下来的段落中，作者将关注采取有效措施限制微塑料。故选D项。
（22·23上·绵阳·期末）Dreams are pictures, sunds and feelings that happen during sleep. Accrding t mdern researches, dreaming is an activity f the brain, which ccurs when brainwaves are especially fast. In histry peple have had many explanatins fr dreams. In ancient Greece dreaming was thught t be a kind f cntact with the gds. Smetimes they were regarded as signs f what may happen in the future.
Over the past centuries, many dream theries have cme up. The mst famus expert n dreaming was Sigmund Freud, an Austrian dctr, wh believed that in dreams we acted ut ur desires and wishes that culdn’t be satisfied in reality.
Everyne dreams while mst f the time we cannt remember ur dreams. Even blind peple dream. They may see images f events that they have experienced befre they became blind. On the ther hand, a persn wh was brn blind des nt see pictures in dreams, but they can hear, smell and taste in them.
Mst peple cannt cntrl their dreams. They just happen. Very few peple experience lucid dreaming. They knw exactly that they are dreaming and can even cntrl what happens in their dreams while they are asleep.
Peple ften have the same dreams ver and ver again. They may be events in yur life that have caused prblems which yu have nt slved yet. Nightmares are dreams that are s terrible that yu usually wake up. There is medical treatment fr nightmares. Yu can g t a therapist wh tries t find ut why yu have nightmares and hw t deal with them.
Sme experts think that dreams are full f symblic messages that mean smething which is deep inside us.
37. What d dreams mean t us accrding t Freud?
A. Ways t cntact with the gds.B. Signs f the future events.
C. Wishes that cannt be satisfied.D. Things happening in ur life.
38. What des the underlined wrd “lucid” in the 4 paraph mean?
A. Clear.B. Real.C. Frequent.D. Awful.
39. What wuld the writer talk abut in the paragraph that fllws?
A. Lucid dreams and their causes.B. Blind peple and their experiences.
C. Cmmn dreams and their meanings.D. Famus experts and their suggestins.
40. Where can we mst prbably read this passage?
A. An art magazine.B. A science newspaper.
C. A bilgy textbk.D. A news reprt.
【答案】37. C 38. A 39. C 40. B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要说明了关于做梦的理论以及梦境所代表的意义。
37. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The mst famus expert n dreaming was Sigmund Freud, an Austrian dctr, wh believed that in dreams we acted ut ur desires and wishes that culdn’t be satisfied in reality.(最著名的研究梦境的专家是西格蒙德·弗洛伊德，一位奥地利医生，他认为我们在梦中表现了我们在现实中无法满足的欲望和愿望)”可知，根据弗洛伊德的理论，梦对我们意味着无法满足的愿望。故选C。
38. 词句猜测题。根据划线词后文“They knw exactly that they are dreaming and can even cntrl what happens in their dreams while they are asleep.(他们清楚地知道自己在做梦，甚至可以在睡觉时控制自己的梦境)”可知，此处指很少有人会做清楚的梦，他们清楚地知道自己在做梦，甚至可以在睡觉时控制自己的梦境。故划线词意思是“清楚的”。故选A。
39. 推理判断题。根据最后一段“Sme experts think that dreams are full f symblic messages that mean smething which is deep inside us.(一些专家认为梦充满了象征意义的信息，这些信息意味着我们内心深处的一些东西)”可推知，在接下来的段落中作者会谈论常见的梦及其含义。故选C。
40. 推理判断题。根据第一段“Dreams are pictures, sunds and feelings that happen during sleep. Accrding t mdern researches, dreaming is an activity f the brain, which ccurs when brainwaves are especially fast. In histry peple have had many explanatins fr dreams. In ancient Greece dreaming was thught t be a kind f cntact with the gds. Smetimes they were regarded as signs f what may happen in the future.(梦是发生在睡眠中的画面、声音和感觉。根据现代研究，做梦是大脑的一种活动，发生在脑电波特别快的时候。历史上人们对梦有很多解释。在古希腊，做梦被认为是与神的一种联系。有时，它们被视为未来可能发生的事情的征兆。)”结合文章主要说明了关于做梦的理论以及梦境所代表的意义。可推知，文章选自科学报纸。故选B。
（22·23下·成都·阶段练习）Chet Wisniewski walked int a Fry’s Electrnics stre in Las Vegas and lked thrugh the shelves, taking sme smart light bulbs and ther cnnected devices as he went.
A research scientist, Wisniewski wanted t d research and find ut whether the ff-the-shelf device had majr safety vulnerability (漏洞). A few days later, he had a whle cllectin f hacked (非法侵入的) smart devices. ”I didn’t even need t d any firmware hacking. It was easier than that,“ he said. ”Things I thught wuld take me a week tk, like, an hur.“
Six years later, things aren’t much better, but ur use f cnnected hme prducts has increased a lt. Mre than 77 percent f husehlds with a Wi-Fi netwrk reprted wning at least ne smart hme device in 2021, cmpared with 65 percent just ne year earlier, accrding t research firm IDC. But sme smart hme devices culd have vulnerable sftware, and shppers have n way f knwing. Once inside yur huse, thse prducts becme a secret passage int yur hme.
The influence f a hacked smart hme device culd be t small t ntice. Des anyne really care if a hacker turns ff a light bulb r changes the temperature n a tea kettle? But real prblems arise when hackers use many smart devices tgether. Imagine this: a hacker uses yur smart light bulb t cnnect t yur smart speakers and says “Unlck the frnt dr.”
Hwever, realistically understanding the risks related t smart hme devices des nt have t mean ne must keep away frm them altgether. Smart hme technlgies are here t stay. We lve them fr their cnvenience and f curse their nvelty(新奇). Yet we as custmers must be very careful when we bring them int ur hmes and make sure that the privacy and the safety f ur lved nes are prtected
41. Why did Chet Wisniewski buy s many smart hme devices?
A. T live a smart life.
B. T study hw they wrked.
C. T check if they were safe t use.
D. T cmpare which nes wrked better.
42. What did IDC find?
A. Mst families are able t use a Wi-Fi netwrk nwadays.
B. Abut 65% f families used smart hme devices in 2020.
C. Sme smart hme devices cme with vulnerable sftware.
D. Over 77% f families with Wi-Fi had smart hme devices in 2021.
43. What did the authr want t shw by imagining the situatin in paragraph 4?
A. Smart speakers need t be made smarter.
B. Hackers can easily cntrl ne’s smart light bulbs.
C. Using t many smart devices at hme is dangerus.
D. Risks f using smart devices lie in their cnnecting with each ther.
44. What is mst likely t be discussed in the paragraph that fllws?
A. Advantages f smart hme devices.
B. Risks cming with smart hme devices.
C. Safety tips fr using smart hme devices.
D. Ways that smart hme devices can be imprved.
【答案】41. C 42. D 43. D 44. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在使用智能家居的同时要注意安全和隐私。
41. 推理判断题。根据文章第二段“A research scientist, Wisniewski wanted t d research and find ut whether the ff-the-shelf device had majr safety vulnerability (漏洞).(作为一名研究科学家，维斯涅夫斯基想进行研究，找出这种现成的设备是否存在重大安全漏洞。)”可知，Chet Wisniewski买了很多智能家居设备来检查它们是否安全。故选C。
42. 细节理解题。根据文章第三段“Mre than 77 percent f husehlds with a Wi-Fi netwrk reprted wning at least ne smart hme device in 2021, cmpared with 65 percent just ne year earlier, accrding t research firm IDC.(根据研究公司IDC的数据，超过77%的拥有Wi-Fi网络的家庭报告称，到2021年至少拥有一台智能家居设备，而一年前这一比例为65%。)”可知，IDC发现到2021年，超过77%拥有Wi-Fi的家庭拥有智能家居设备。故选D。
43. 推理判断题。根据文章第四段“But real prblems arise when hackers use many smart devices tgether. Imagine this: a hacker uses yur smart light bulb t cnnect t yur smart speakers and says “Unlck the frnt dr.”(但当黑客同时使用许多智能设备时，真正的问题就出现了。想象一下：一个黑客用你的智能灯泡连接到你的智能扬声器，然后说：“打开前门。”)”可知，作者想要展示使用智能设备的风险在于它们之间的相互连接。故选D。
44. 推理判断题。根据文章最后一段“Yet we as custmers must be very careful when we bring them int ur hmes and make sure that the privacy and the safety f ur lved nes are prtected.(然而，我们作为顾客，在把它们带回家时必须非常小心，确保我们所爱的人的隐私和安全受到保护。)”可知，接下来有可能讨论使用智能家居设备的安全提示。故选C。
（22·23下·南昌·一模）A new study suggests that pllutin f all kinds kills nearly 9 millin peple wrldwide each year. Air pllutin frm industrial prcesses and the expansin f cities accunted fr abut 75% f the deaths, researchers fund. The study was based n examinatins f wrldwide death rates and pllutin levels.
The study separated traditinal pllutants frm mdern pllutants. Examples f traditinal pllutants are indr smke r wastewater. Mdern pllutants include air pllutin frm vehicles r industrial activities and pisnus chemicals. The researchers fund that deaths frm traditinal pllutants are drpping wrldwide. But they remain a majr prblem in Africa and sme ther develping cuntries. In sme cuntries, state prgrams t cut indr air pllutin and imprvements in sanitatin (卫生) have helped reduce death rates. In Ethipia and Nigeria, fr example, such effrts cut deaths by tw-thirds between 2000 and 2019, the study fund.
Mdern kinds f pllutin are rising in mst cuntries, especially develping nes, the researchers said. Deaths caused by mdern pllutants — heavy metals, agricultural chemicals and carbn emissins—are “skyrcketing,” said study c-writer Rachael Kupka. She heads the New Yrk-based Glbal Alliance n Health and Pllutin. Kupka said deaths linked t mdern pllutants had risen 66% since 2000.
“Nine millin deaths is a lt f deaths,” Philip Landrigan tld The Assciated Press abut the study’s results. He is directr f the Glbal Public Health Prgram at Bstn Cllege in Massachusetts. “The bad news is that it’s nt decreasing,” Landrigan added. “We’re making gains in the easy stuff, and we’re seeing the mre difficult stuff, utdr industrial air pllutin and chemical pllutin, still ging up.”
The study makes several suggestins fr ways t cut the number f deaths. These include creating better recrding and reprting methds and strnger gvernment plicies t reduce pllutin linked t industrial activities and vehicle emissins.
“We abslutely knw hw t slve pllutin prblems,” said the study c-authr Richard Fuller. “What’s missing is plitical will.”
45. What can be learned frm the study abut pllutin?
A. Air pllutin killed 9 millin peple last year.
B. Cutting indr air pllutin is the best plicy.
C. Traditinal pllutin is very serius in Nigeria.
D. Traditinal pllutants cause less death than befre.
46. What des the underlined wrd “skyrcketing” prbably mean in paragraph 3?
A. Imprving.B. Increasing.C. Reducing.D. Wrsening.
47. What can be inferred frm Philip Landrign’s wrds?
A. It is easy t fight mdern pllutin.B. Outdr air pllutin is decreasing.
C. Mdern pllutin still cncerns peple.D. It is hard t tell the reasns fr pllutin.
48. What might be talked abut in the paragraph that fllws?
A. Methds t reduce pllutin.B. Gvernment’s respnse t pllutin.
C. Suggestins fr industrial activities.D. The damage caused by vehicle emissins.
【答案】45. D 46. B 47. C 48. B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。一项新的研究表明，全球每年有近900万人死于各种污染。研究人员发现，工业过程和城市扩张造成的空气污染约占死亡人数的75%。这项研究是基于对全球死亡率和污染水平的调查。文章介绍了研究的具体数据以及研究人员对此的看法。
45. 细节理解题。根据第二段“The researchers fund that deaths frm traditinal pllutants are drpping wrldwide.(研究人员发现，传统污染物造成的死亡人数在全球范围内正在下降)”可知，传统污染物造成的死亡比以前少。故选D。
46. 词句猜测题。根据画线词后文“Kupka said deaths linked t mdern pllutants had risen 66% since 2000.”可知，Kupka说，自2000年以来，与现代污染物有关的死亡人数上升了66%，由此说明现代污染物造成的死亡人数正在“增加”。故画线词意思是“增加”。故选B。
47. 推理判断题。根据倒数第三段“We’re making gains in the easy stuff, and we’re seeing the mre difficult stuff, utdr industrial air pllutin and chemical pllutin, still ging up.(我们在容易解决的问题上取得了进展，但我们看到更棘手的问题，如室外工业空气污染和化学污染，仍在上升)”可推知，现代污染仍然与人们有关。故选C。
48. 推理判断题。根据最后一段““We abslutely knw hw t slve pllutin prblems,” said the study c-authr Richard Fuller. “What’s missing is plitical will.”(“我们绝对知道如何解决污染问题，”该研究的合著者理查德·富勒说。“缺少的是政治意愿。”)”可推知，在下一段中可能会讨论政府对污染的反应。故选B。
（23·24上·株洲·阶段练习）Antarctic blue whales have been perceived again in the sub-Antarctic, island f Suth Gergia. An internatinal team f researchers discvered the animals five decades after whaling (捕鲸业) nearly caused them t disappear frever. “The cean resurces at Suth Gergia were heavily develped during the early 20th-century industrial whaling,” says lead authr Susannah Calderan, an eclgist with the Scttish Assciatin fr Marine Science.
Antarctic blue whales were plentiful in the area until whaling began there in 1904, kicking ff the beginning f industrial whaling in the Suthern Ocean. While hunters riginally fcused n species that culd be easily caught, like the humpback whale, the fcus quickly mved t the blue whale. Between 1904 and 1973, 345, 775 Antarctic blue whales were killed in the Suthern hemisphere (半球) and in the nrthern Indian Ocean. Arund Suth Gergia, blue whale catches were reprted year-rund withut stpping. Between 1904 and 1971, industrial whaling caused 42, 698 blue whales’ death, blue whales almst disappeared in these areas.
Researchers studied all Antarctic blue whale data frm the last three decades. They examined sightings (目睹) frm scientific surveys cllected by bservers n ships, as well as pprtunistic. Sightings reprted by sea men and ship passengers t Suth Gergia. They als examined acustic (声音的) recrdings f blue whales.
They fund that whale surveys frm ships ff Suth Gergia resulted in just ne blue whale sighting between 1998 and 2018. But mre recent surveys suggest better news. A survey in February f 2020 fund nearly 60 blue whale sightings, and several acustic detectins (探测). A ttal f 41 blue whales have been recgnized thrugh phts frm Suth Gergia between 2011and 2020.
“Their return is very meaningful, as it was widely thught that blue whales at Suth Gergia might have been hunted beynd a pint where they culd recver, and. might never be seen again in great numbers at Suth Gergia,” Caldera n says. “Our research shws that, ppulatins can recver even frm very lw levels if they’re given enugh prtectin.”
49. What des the underlined wrd “perceived” in paragraph l mean?
A. Kept.B. Sptted.C. Hunted.D. Destryed.
50. What des paragraph 2 mainly want t tell us?
A. The wide spread f blue whales in the past.
B. The develpment f industrial whaling.
C. The cause f blue whales’ disappearance.
D. The tricks f catching blue whales easily.
51. What did the researchers find thrugh their surveys in Suth Gergia?
A. Mre and mre peple like watching blue whales.
B. There is an increasing return f blue whales.
C. Blue whales are in a mre dangerus situatin.
D. Suth Gergia is a gd place t watch blue whales.
52. What might be discussed in the fllwing paragraph?
A. The risk f killing whales at higher rates.
B. The signs f Antarctic blue whales’ return.
C. The ways f prtecting Antarctic blue whales.
D. The great lss f cean resurces arund the Antarctic.
【答案】49. B 50. C 51. B 52. C
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要讲述了自从1904工业捕鲸开始之后，南极蓝鲸的数量急剧减少。研究人员研究了过去30年中所有南极蓝鲸的数据，他们发现，最近蓝鲸的目击纪录接近60条。这说明如果给予足够的保护，南极蓝鲸的数量可用从非常低的水平恢复。
49. 词义猜测题。根据划线单词后的“again(再一次)”以及后一句话“An internatinal team f researchers discvered the animals five decades after whaling (捕鲸业) nearly caused them t disappear frever.(一个国际研究团队在捕鲸几乎使它们永远消失50年后发现了这些动物)”可知，一个国际研究团队在捕鲸几乎使它们永远消失50年后发现了这些南极蓝鲸，说明南极蓝鲸在几乎消失后再次被发现。所以划线单词的意思是“发现”。故选B。
50. 主旨大意题。根据第二段中“Between 1904 and 1973, 345, 775 Antarctic blue whales were killed in the Suthern hemisphere (半球) and in the nrthern Indian Ocean. Arund Suth Gergia, blue whale catches were reprted year-rund withut stpping. Between 1904 and 1971, industrial whaling caused 42, 698 blue whales’ death, blue whales almst disappeared in these areas.(1904年至1973年间，345775头南极蓝鲸在南半球和北印度洋被捕杀。据报道，在南乔治亚州，蓝鲸的捕获量全年不间断。1904年至1971年间，工业捕鲸导致42698头蓝鲸死亡，蓝鲸几乎在这些地区消失) ”可知，第二段主要通过数据的形式告诉读者南极蓝鲸几乎消失的原因。故选C。
51. 推理判断题。根据第四段“They fund that whale surveys frm ships ff Suth Gergia resulted in just ne blue whale sighting between 1998 and 2018. But mre recent surveys suggest better news. A survey in February f 2020 fund nearly 60 blue whale sightings, and several acustic detectins (探测). A ttal f 41 blue whales have been recgnized thrugh phts frm Suth Gergia between 2011and 2020.(他们发现，1998年至2018年间，在南乔治亚州附近的船只上进行的鲸鱼调查只发现了一只蓝鲸。但最近的调查显示了更好的消息。2020年2月的一次调查发现了近60条蓝鲸目击记录，并进行了多次声学检测。2011年至2020年间，南乔治亚州共有41头蓝鲸通过照片被识别) 可知，从1998年到2018年发现了第一次蓝鲸开始，到2022年2月的一次调查中发现了近60条蓝鲸目击记录，这说明，蓝鲸被发现的频率一直在增加。由此可推知，研究人员在南乔治亚州的调查中发现蓝鲸的回归越来越多了。故选B。
52. 推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句话“Our research shws that, ppulatins can recver even frm very lw levels if they’re given enugh prtectin.(我们的研究表明，如果给予足够的保护，人口甚至可以从非常低的水平恢复)”可知，如果给予了足够的保护，蓝鲸的数量甚至可以从非常低的水平恢复。由此可推知，接下来文章要讨论关于保护南极蓝鲸的方法。故选C。