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备考中考英语 完形填空题解题技巧
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这是一份备考中考英语 完形填空题解题技巧，共17页。试卷主要包含了完形填空的考查类型，完形填空主要解题方法，学以致用，完形填空的做题误区等内容，欢迎下载使用。
从近几年的中考题来看,完形填空题加大了对文章的结构意义、上下文衔接、逻辑思维等内容的考查比例,另外还增加了情景句的考查,把同义、近义或比较难区分的词汇放到一定的语境中考查,这对考生来说无疑增加了难度。这就需要考生在解答问题时应遵循以下做题原则:“先完其意,而后完其形”,也就是说先了解文章的大意,然后才能做题。考查的语篇类型主要以记叙文、说明文为主,词数145~225。考点分析:每篇8~10道小题。以考查语境为主,同时考查各类词的词义辨析。必考点:名词、动词、形容词。
一、完形填空的考查类型
1. 词汇题。
从句子和语境层次上全面考查名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、连词、介词、动词等词类的意义和用法。
2. 动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词和主谓一致题。
从语境的层次来全面考查学生对上述内容的掌握程度。
3. 常用固定搭配和习惯用法题。
涉及动词短语、介词短语、副词短语等的搭配和用法。
4. 句法题。
涉及简单句的五种句型、并列句、状语从句、宾语从句、定语从句等。
5. 逻辑分析题。
主要考查学生的阅读理解能力、综合分析能力和语言运用能力。
一、完形填空解题步骤：
一）、快速浏览，重视首句
在浏览文章时，我们既要重视文中诸如人名、时间、连词之类的关键词，抽取重要的信息点，也要注意不要在具体的细节上花费太多时间。看句子、抓主干、看大意、抓结构就可以了。还需要特别注意的是，完形填空的首句一般不设空。因为首句是整篇文章信息的开端和起点，决定了下文信息流动的方式和方向，也为整篇文章提供了足够的背景信息，所以我们要高度重视文章的首句。
二）、通读全文，先易后难
快速浏览完文章后，我们已经初步了解了文章的主旨大意，接下来，我们就要通读全文，把所给的几个选项分别填入空白处所在的句子中。在做完形填空题时，我们一定要注意在语境理解上下功夫，抓住上下文的内容联系和逻辑关系，注意连词、代词、插入语等的作用。另外，我们往往会发现有些空白处在快速浏览阶段就可以填出，而有些在通读全文后答案都不是很明朗。遇到这种情况，不要慌张，在把其余空白处的内容”复原”后，我们对语境的了解就会更加清晰、更加准确，这时再来啃那些”硬骨头”就会比较容易。
三）、复读全文，验证答案
相对于前面两步，第三步往往不被考生注意。完形填空来自于一篇完整的短文，我们的任务是还原短文原貌。我们只有复读短文，才能感悟出所选答案和原文是否匹配，上下文是否自相矛盾，语篇衔接是否顺畅。在复读的过程中，我们可能会发现有些选项需要重新考虑。
二、完形填空主要解题方法：
方法一：利用上下文线索解题
对于大部分完形填空题，我们需要通过上下文的线索解题。有些解题的线索就在题目的附近；有些解题的线索比较远，甚至要跨段去寻找线索。
(2018江苏淮安）One cld winter mrning, Jim fell frm his father’s bike and his legs culdn’t mve. A dctr 16 him and said he had t stay in bed fr sme time.
16. A. saw B. asked C. hear D. checked
分析：承接前文“腿不能动”，主语dctr“医生”提示用动词check“检查”，符合句意“医生给他做了检查”。故选D。
(2018黑龙江哈尔滨)N matter wh yu are and where yu live, the mst imprtant thing is what kind f persn yu are. There are many gd qualities that can benefit yu a lt in yur life. Amng them, the fllwing 21 qualities are the mst helpful nes.
Have a 22 attitude. ...
Keep learning. ...
Be creative. …
Be hnest and keep yur prmise. …
21. A. three B. fur C. five
〖解析〗：根据下文具体给出的例子可在此处是四个。故选B。
方法二：利用重复词语、派生词、近义词等解题
被选作完形填空材料的文章一般前后呼应，主题明确，往往会有词语重复出现，或者以其派生词、近义词等其他形式出现的现象，这类题目一般比较容易解答。
(2018河北) But fr many years, salt’s mst imprtant jb was t 40 fd. Like ther living things, mst bacteria (细菌) need water t live. Salt takes in plenty f water, s mst bacteria cannt live 41 a salty envirnment. As a result, salt prtects fd and many ther things.
40. A. prtectB. prvide C. prduce D. prepare
〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是数年来，盐的最重要的作用是保护食物。prtect保护；prvide提供；prduce生产；prepare准备。从下句As a result, salt prtects fd and many ther things.知，盐可以保护很多食物和别的东西。故选A。
方法三：利用语法知识解题
虽然完形填空的考查越来越淡化语法，但是一个语义连贯的语篇必须是符合各种语法关系的。因此考生在解题时可以将几个选项分别代入空中，对句子进行语法分析、判断，从而缩小答案范围或选出正确答案。
（2018云南昆明）Space travel is nthing new. The first spaceship with a human was sent up 36 space in 1961. Since then, peple have nt nly travelled t space, 37 many f them have als lived there in space statins fr sme time.
36. A. int B. with C. f
37. A. fr B. but C. unless
〖解析〗36考查介词辨析。由set up int“发射进入”可知。故选A。
37考查固定搭配。nt nly… but (als)为固定搭配，意为“不仅……；而且……”。故选B。
（2018云南昆明） Space travel is nthing new. The first spaceship with a human was sent up 36 space in 1961. Since then, peple have nt nly travelled t space, 37 many f them have als lived there in space statins fr sme time.
36. A. int B. with C. f
37. A. fr B. but C. unless
〖解析〗36考查介词辨析。由set up int“发射进入”可知。故选A。
37考查固定搭配。nt nly… but (als)为固定搭配，意为“不仅……；而且……”。故选B。
方法四：利用文化背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理
完形填空题的语篇有时会渗透着相关的文化背景知识和生活常识，如：科学知识、历史知识、地理知识、风俗民情、民族习惯等。在做题时，如果能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断思维过程，节省宝贵的时间。
（2018四川泸州) Hearing this, the dg wke up, rse with its ears 18 and wagged(摇摆) its tail.
18. A. dwnB. upC. ffD. thrugh
〖解析〗句意：听到这个，狗醒了，竖起耳朵，摇着尾巴。根据常识可知，狗醒了耳朵是竖起，故选B。
(2018黑龙江齐齐哈尔)Films and TV plays als play a part. Peple 16._______ their “heres” n TV drinking alchl(酒) r 17._______ cigarettes.
16. A. hear B. catch C. watch
〖解析〗考查动词的词义辨析。根据句意，人们在电视上观看….，故选C。
方法五：排除干扰，去伪存真
我们在做完形填空题时，有时会遇到这种情况：对某个题目的正确选项的含义、用法不甚明白，但发现其他选项却有显而易见的谬误，这时，我们可以尝试用排除法。
需要注意的是，很多时候判断一道完形填空题的正确答案要从多角度考虑，把语境、语法、常识等有机结合起来。同时也可以从某个角度选出答案，再从其他角度对答案进行印证。总之，大家在掌握这些解题技巧之后，要注意灵活运用到解题过程中，以提高自己的解题能力。
三、学以致用
【1】
Once upn a time,a yung man ran int a spring f clear water during his walk in the desert.The water was s sweet that he 1 his bttle.He planned t bring sme 2 t his teacher.After fur days’ walk he 3 the water t his teacher.He tk a deep drink,smiled gently and thanked his student satisfactrily 4 the sweet water.The yung man went back t his village with a happy heart.
A few minutes later,the teacher 5 ne f his students t taste the water.He drank a little,but spat it ut at nce.Cnfused,he tld his teacher the 6 was kind f smelly.Obviusly,the water was n lnger 7 because it had been kept in the bttle fr s lng.The pr by questined his teacher,“I dn’t understand why yu pretend t enjy the smelly water?” The teacher 8 happily,“We taste different things.Yu nly attached 9 t the water while I paid attentin t the gift.I feel lve and 10 when I drink the water.Nthing culd be sweeter in this wrld.”
（ ） B.sld C.pulledD.jined
（ ）B.back C.utD.up
（ ）B.gave C.bughtD.saw
（ ）B.in C.fD.at
（ ）B.asked C.keptD.made
（ ）B.fd C.byD.water
（ ）B.salty C.cldD.clear
（ ）B.sent C.answeredD.asked
（ ）B.imprtance C.clrD.feelings
（ ）B.cnfidence C.respectD.truth
〖解析〗1.A 考查动词词义辨析。fillsth.“填装……”,根据文意可知此处是指学生把瓶子装满了泉水,故选A项。
2.B 考查副词词义辨析。bringback“带回,拿回”。这里是指这名学生计划装满一瓶然后带回来送老师品尝,故选B项。
3.B 考查动词词义辨析。这里是指为期四天的旅程结束之后,学生将那瓶水带回来送给了老师,故选B项。
4.A 考查介词词义辨析。thanksb.frsth.“因某事而感谢某人”,用介词fr。此处是指老师感谢了这位学生,故选A项。
5.B 考查动词词义辨析。asksb.tdsth.“要求某人做某事”。这里是指送水的学生走后,老师要求另一个学生品尝水,故选B项。
6.D 考查名词词义辨析。根据上下文可知此处是指那瓶水已经变质,故选D项。
7.A 考查形容词词义辨析。由上句可知此处是指那瓶水已经不再新鲜了,故选A项。
8.C 考查动词词义辨析。据前文questin一词可知,老师要回答,故选answered。
9.B 考查名词词义辨析。短语attachimprtancet“重视,注意到”,与payattentint同义。此处是指只是把重点放在了水上,故选B项。
10.C 考查名词词义辨析。respect“尊重”。此处是指老师说,别人品尝水本身,而他却品尝到爱与尊重,故选C项。
【2】
One day,David and his friends talked abut wh their clsest 1 were.When it was his turn,he said,“My best friend is Amy,an 81-year-ld 2 living in Flrida.”
Their friendship came 3 a game.In the game,David and Amy were n the same team.After this game,they became gd friends.David even tld her abut his dream f music.
Hwever,life was hard fr David at that time.He hardly 4 time r mney t play music.Mst f the time,he had t wrk in a restaurant.He felt that his dream was hpeless(无望的). 5 he almst lst heart,Amy gave him lts f help and supprted his dream.Tw years later,he decided t 6 t New Yrk fr his dream.There he held his first cncert successfully.
After the cncert,a famus reprter in New Yrk heard f their stry.He wanted t 7 what Amy was like.S he flew t Flrida t interview her.T his surprise,the friendship between Amy and David was mre 8 than he culd imagine.
Later,many peple were mved by this 9 .But Amy thught it was nthing.She said,“As friends,we shuld give a 10 when they need.”
（ ）B.friends C.classmateD.classmates
（ ）B.man C.byD.wman
（ ）B.belw C.tD.at
（ ）B.had C.studiedD.lived
（ ） B.When C.UnlessD.If
（ ）B.stay C.gD.make
（ ）B.understand C.likeD.write
（ ）B.thin C.beautifulD.tall
（ ）B.mvie C.gameD.stry
（ ）B.lift C.talkD.speech
〖解析〗1.B 考查名词词义辨析。根据下句MybestfriendisAmy可知此处谈论的是朋友。又因动词是were,故选B项。
2.D 考查名词词义辨析。根据上文中的81-year-ld“81岁的”和第二段最后一句中的her可知,答案选D项,意为“妇人”。
3.A 考查介词词义辨析。联系上下文可知这句话的意思是:他们的友谊源自一场比赛。故选A项。cmefrm“来自;源自”。
4.B 考查动词词义辨析。联系上下文可知“他几乎没有时间或金钱去玩音乐”,故选B项。
5.B 考查连词词义辨析。联系上下文可知在他灰心的时候,艾米给了他许多帮助并且支持他的梦想,故选B项。
6.C 考查动词词义辨析。联系上下文可知他决定去纽约,故选C项。
7.A 考查动词词义辨析。联系上下文可知他想知道艾米长得什么样,故选A项。
8.C 考查形容词词义辨析。根据mre和than可知,答案选C项。句意为:令他惊讶的是,艾米和戴维之间的友谊比他想象中的更美好。
9.D 考查名词词义辨析。联系上下文可知许多人都被这个故事所感动,故选D项。
10.A 考查名词词义辨析。根据whentheyneed“当朋友需要的时候”,可推断我们应该帮助他们,故选A项。giveahand意为“帮忙”。
【3】
Tm was a cllege student.He ften made excuses nt t attend classes.Als,he spent much f his free time 1 cmputer games.He never went t the library t 2 .
Hw time flew! At the end f the term,there was 3 imprtant event that he was afraid f—the final exam.“What shuld I d?” Tm walked up and dwn in the rm the day befre the exam.He was 4 .Suddenly he 5 f an idea.
The next mrning,Tm went int the exam rm very early.He fund a yung man 6 lked s cnfident and tk a seat next t him.“Hey yu!” Tm greeted.“What?” The yung man asked.
“Can yu d me a favr?” Tm begged(恳求).“Please let me 7 yur paper during the exam.I have t depend n yu!” When hearing his wrds,the yung man just smiled but said 8 .
When the bell rang,the yung man 9 immediately and came t the frnt,saying,“It is time fr the final exam! Nw I will hand ut the papers t all f yu and cllect them 10 an hur.”
Tm sat there with his muth wide pen.
（ ）B.repairing C.playingD.drawing
（ ）B.rest C.seeD.play
（ ）B.tw C.threeD.fur
（ ）B.excited C.braveD.nervus
（ ）B.thught C.fundD.came
（ ）B.which C.whD.whse
（ ）B.cpy C.useD.take
（ ）B.everything C.anythingD.nthing
（ ） dwnB.std up C.lied dwnD.sat back
（ ）B.after C.befreD.when
〖解析〗1.C 考查动词词义辨析。句意:并且他还花费他的大多数业余时间玩电脑游戏。故选C项。sb.spend+time+(in)dingsth.意为“某人花费时间做某事”。
2.A 考查动词词义辨析。句意:他从来不去图书馆读书学习。根据语境可知用study。故选A项。
3.A 考查数词的用法辨析。根据下文中的“thefinalexam(期末考试)”可知句意为:在学期期末的时候,有一件他特别害怕的重要的事情——期末考试。故用ne,意为“一”。故选A项。
4.D 考查形容词的词义辨析。根据上文中的“walkedupanddwninthermthedaybefretheexam”可知,汤姆不停地在房间里来回走动,反复问自己应该怎么办,故推断他在考试前的那一天非常紧张。故选D项。
5.B 考查动词词义辨析。联系上下文可知,突然他想出来一个主意。故选B项。
6.C 考查连词的词义辨析。联系上下文可知他发现了一个看起来非常自信的年轻人,就坐在了他旁边的座位上。故选C项,指代人,在从句中做主语。
7.B 考查动词的词义辨析。联系上下文中的dependnyu“就靠你了”可知,他在考试期间想抄别人的试卷。故选B项。
8.D 考查不定代词的用法辨析。联系上下文可知,当听到他说的话,年轻人只是微笑,但是什么话也没有说。故选D项。
9.B 考查动词短语的用法辨析。联系上下文可知,当上课铃响了,这个年轻人立刻站了起来,来到了(教室的)前面。故选B项。
10.A 考查介词的用法辨析。联系上下文可知,这个年轻人说现在发试卷给你们每个人,一个小时之后再收起来。故选A项。
【4】
(2018山东枣庄)Rbert and Henry were ging hme frm schl,when,n turning a crner,Rbert 1 ut,“A fight! Let us g and see!”“N,” said Henry.“Let us g quietly hme and avid this quarrel.We have 2 t d with it,and may get int truble.”
“Yu are nt a brave by,and afraid t g,”said Rbert,and ff he ran.Henry went straight hme,and in the afternn went t schl,as usual. 3 Rbert had tld all the bys that Henry was a cward,and they laughed at him a great deal.
A few days 4 ,Rbert was swimming with sme schlmates and 5 his depth.He struggled and screamed fr help,but all in vain.The bys 6 had called Henry a cward,gt away frm the water as fast as they culd,but they did nt even try t help him.Rbert was fast 7 ,when Henry threw ff his clthes,and jumped int the water.By great effrt,and 8 much danger t himself,he brught Rbert t the shre,and thus saved his life.
Rbert and his schlmates were 9 at having called Henry a cward.They admitted that he had mre 10 than any f them.
Never be afraid t d gd,but always fear t d evil.
（ ）B.jumped C.saidD.turned
（ ）B.anything C.nthingD.everything
（ ）B.But C.AndD.S
（ ）B.befre C.agD.later
（ ） ut fB.gt int C.gt nD.gt ff
（ ）B.wh C.whichD.whse
（ ）B.playing C.crssingD.sinking
（ ）B.in C.nD.at
（ ）B.gd C.sadD.ashamed
（ ）B.strength C.pwerD.ability
〖解析〗1.A 考查动词词义辨析。根据下文的Afight!Letusgandsee!“打架啊,咱们去看看”可知,他应是“大喊”。故选A项。
2.C 考查代词词义辨析。由上文“我们快点回家,躲开这次争吵”和下文“可能会惹上麻烦”可推知,此事与我们无关。haventhingtdwith...意为“与……无关”。
3.B 考查连词词义辨析。由上文“下午,Henry和往常一样去了学校”和后面“Rbert已经告诉所有的男孩Henry是个胆小鬼”可知,前后两句应是转折关系。故选B项。
4.D 考查副词词义辨析。Afewdayslater“几天以后……”。故选D项。
5.B 考查动词词组辨析。根据下文Hestruggledandscreamedfrhelp“他挣扎着,大声呼救”可推断出,Rbert陷入了危险之中,即游进了深处。故选B项,意为“陷入”。
6.B 考查连词词义辨析。由句子结构可以看出这里考查定语从句。Thebys是先行词,指人,故选B项,在从句中做主语。
7.D 考查动词词义辨析。根据上文可知Rbert垂死挣扎,但都是徒劳,故可推断Rbert在快速地下沉。所以选D项。
8.A 考查介词词义辨析。联系上下文可知Henry通过努力,最终把Rbert救了出来,故可推测“冒着很大的危险”。故选A项。
9.D 考查形容词词词义辨析。联系上文可知他们嘴里的胆小鬼救了溺水的Rbert,故可推断那些曾经喊他胆小鬼的人感到羞愧。故选D项。
10.A 考查动词词义辨析。联系上文Rbert溺水只有Henry下水去救,故可推断Henry更有勇气。故选A项。
【5】
(2018重庆B)Tm wrked hard in an ffice.But it seemed that there was little change in his life.He was unhappy and didn’t want t imprve himself any mre.His father,Je,knew this and decided t have a talk with 1 .
On day,Tm and his father went fr a walk after dinner. 2 they were walking alng a river,Tm said,“Dad,yu always tell me t learn smething new.T be 3 ,I dn’t want t make any change.”
Je lked in the river,saw a dead 4 and pinted at it.
“Tm,what is that ver there?”
“It’s a dead fish.”
“What’s the fish ding?”
“It’s mving dwn with the running water.”
“But the fish is dead. 5 can it be mving?” asked Je.
“It’s mving as the river is mving.”
Je turned t his sn and said,“Life is 6 the river.It’s always mving and always changing.Sme peple dn’t want t change,but their life is always changing whether they like it r nt.A dead fish nly mves alng the river,while a living fish can cntrl its jurney.What’s yur chice if yu want t live a 7 life?”
This made Tm 8 his aunt wh had already stpped learning and develping.And she just stayed the way she used t be,living like a dead fish.
Guided by his 9 ,Tm understd what he said.He didn’t want t becme a persn like his aunt.S he made up his mind t 10 learning and develping himself.
（ ）B.me C.herD.him
（ ）B.While C.AfterD.Befre
（ ）B.happy C.quietD.patient
（ ）B.dg C.duckD.fish
（ ）B.Which C.HwD.When
（ ）B.ver C.likeD.by
（ ）B.harder C.greenerD.better
（ ） upB.think f C.wait frD.hear frm
（ ）B.father C.uncleD.friend
（ ）B.finish C.avidD.stp
〖解析〗1.D 考查代词辨析。联系上文可知汤姆虽然工作很努力,但是生活没什么起色,所以心灰意冷,也不想提高自己。故可推断,汤姆的父亲乔决定和“他”谈一谈。故选D项。
2.B 考查连词辨析。联系上文“一天,晚饭后汤姆和他的父亲出去散步”可推断,当二人正在走的时候,汤姆说……。故选B项。
3.A 考查固定搭配。tbehnest为固定搭配,意为“老实说”。
4.D 考查名词辨析。由下文It’sadeadfish“那是一条死鱼”可推知,看到了一条死鱼,故选D项。
5.C 考查连词辨析。由下文It’smvingastheriverismving“它顺流而动”可推断,乔问的是死鱼怎么能动。故选C项。
6.C 考查介词辨析。联系下文It’salwaysmvingandalwayschanging“它一直在流动着、改变着”可推断出,父亲说生活就像一条河流。故选C项,意为“像”。
7.D 考查形容词比较级。联系上文“死鱼总是顺流而动,活鱼总会掌控自己的行程”可推断出,父亲问汤姆如果想过上更好的生活该如何选择。故选D项,意为“更好的”,是gd的比较级。
8.B 考查短语辨析。联系下文shejuststayedthewaysheusedtbe,livinglikeadeadfish“她只是保持着过去的生活方式,活的就像一条死鱼”可推知,爸爸的一番话使他想起了已经停止学习和发展的姑姑。故选B项,意为“想起”。而giveup“放弃”,waitfr“等候”,hearfrm“听说”均不合题意,故排除。
9.B 考查名词辨析。联系上文和下文Tmunderstdwhathesaid“汤姆明白了他所说的话”可知,汤姆在父亲的指引下明白了他(父亲)所说的话。故选B项。
10.A 考查动词辨析。联系上文hisauntwhhadalreadystppedlearninganddevelping“已经停止学习和发展的姑姑”和Hedidn’twanttbecmeapersnlikehisaunt“他不想变成一个像姑姑一样的人”可推断出,汤姆决定继续学习。故选A项,意为“继续”。
【6】
(2018·安徽)When the Spring Festival falls,red flwers blm(盛开) n the windws f my hme.Of curse,there are nt 1 flwers.But in the cld 2 ,these wnderful flwers bring warmth t us.They are made f paper by my 3 ,wh is nw aged 70.With a few cuts,she 4 a piece f paper int a beautiful wrk f art.
When my grandma was yung,she was cnsidered clumsy(笨拙的) in the 5 .But n a cld winter night,she saw sme beautiful red paper 6 n her new neighbr’s windws.She was s interested in it and decided t 7 frm her neighbr.Tns f paper was wasted,and her fingers were cut many times.But she 8 practicing.It tk 10 years 9 my grandma culd make paper art skillfully(娴熟地).The red flwers,blming like burning fire,light up her wrld.Nw,everyne in the village 10 her.
My grandma’s stry has shwn me what it takes t realize ne’s dream.
（ ）B.real C.fullD.sweet
（ ）B.summer C.autumnD.winter
（ ）B.aunt C.mtherD.grandma
（ ）B.spreads C.placesD.burns
（ ）B.twn C.villageD.blck
（ ）B.mney C.wallsD.bks
（ ）B.steal C.learnD.brrw
（ ） upB.kept n C.put ffD.thught abut
（ ）B.after C.whileD.since
（ ）B.pardns C.respectsD.warns
〖解析〗【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。年轻时,祖母被认为很笨拙,但在一个寒冷的冬夜,祖母对邻居家窗户上的剪纸产生了兴趣并决定向邻居学习。祖母花费十年时间掌握了这门剪纸艺术,最终赢得了大家的认可和尊敬。这个故事告诉我们:实现梦想需要时间和毅力。
1.B 从“Theyaremadefpaper”以及下文对祖母学习剪纸艺术的描述可知,“我”家窗户上的红花并不是真的鲜花。故选B项。
2.D 从空格前thecld以及上文的theSpringFestival等信息推知,这是一个冬天。故选D项。
3.D 从下面“whisnwaged70”以及下段中grandma等信息推知,这里说的是,这些红花是由“我”祖母用纸做的。故选D项。
4.A change“改变”;spread“传播”;place“放置”;burn“燃烧”。根据选项理解句意:经过几次剪切,她就把一张纸变成了一件美丽的艺术品。故选A项。
5.C 从本段最后一句中“everyneinthevillage”知,本句句意:当祖母年轻时,她被认为是这个村子里最笨拙的人。故选C项。
6.A 从上下文提到的“剪纸艺术”可知,在一个寒冷的冬夜,祖母看见了一个新的邻居的窗户上美丽的红纸艺术品。故选A项。
7.C 当看见邻居的艺术品时,祖母对其产生兴趣并决定向邻居学习。故选C项。
8.B endup“结束”;keepn“保持继续”;putff“拖延,推迟”;thinkabut“考虑”。根据语境和选项理解句意:祖母为了掌握这门剪纸艺术,她用掉了几吨纸,且手指被扎了很多次。尽管这样,她仍然继续练习。故选B项。
9.A 句意:在十年后,祖母才能娴熟地掌握这门剪纸艺术。也就是说,在祖母掌握这门艺术之前,她花了十年时间。故选A项。
10.C 因为祖母的努力和勤奋,她掌握了这门剪纸艺术,现在村子里每个人都尊敬她。故选C项。
【7】
(2018·安徽)As a freigner,it’s hard fr me t tell what Chinese peple are like.But my 1 in Beijing said smething.
A cuple f weeks ag,I went t buy fur big suitcases(行李箱) fr travel. 2 I was ging dwn the street,it suddenly rained heavily.A stranger called me int his little shp.He 3 me a cup f tea and a chair.When the rain gt 4 ,I thanked him and rushed t a 5 nearby t buy my suitcases.
If yu’ve ever tried t push fur big suitcases by yurself,yu may understand my 6 .I lked silly,fr the suitcases were dancing wildly acrss the flr.Then I gt a 7 n the shulder.It was the seller.He signed that I shuld wait.A few minutes later,he 8 in a car,and put the suitcases inside.Then we went driving 9 alng the rad t my hme.I ffered him sme mney,but he 10 .In brken English he said,“Feel yu.”
Nw,yu can see Chinese peple are always ready t help yu.
（ ）B.teacher C.inventinD.experience
（ ）B.As C.AlthughD.Because
（ ）B.bught C.madeD.ffered
（ ）B.lighter C.thickerD.faster
（ ）B.hall C.labD.schl
（ ）B.sentence C.situatinD.advantage
（ ）B.cin C.scarfD.tuch
（ ） dwnB.drve up C.fell behindD.went away
（ ）B.lazily C.bravelyD.prly
（ ）B.ndded C.refusedD.failed
【8】
(2018·湖北黄石)Yu shuld try t have a gd relatinship with yur neighburs,because yu never knw 1 yu may need their help.If they d smething t anny(让……不高兴) yu,it is 2 t discuss it in a plite way than t have an argument(争论) abut it.
Fr example,if yur neighburs are playing lud music that yu d nt like,ask them plitely t 3 the music instead f 4 the plice directly fr help.
Trees and fences(围栏) can als be a 5 f disagreement between neighburs.My grandmther likes sitting 6 in the sun after lunch,but her neighbur put up a high fence that 7 sunshine frm ging int her yard ne afternn.My grandmther didn’t want t be 8 with him,because he 9 her a lt f supprt when my grandfather died last year.S she went t talk with the neighbur in a friendly way.
Then,her neighbur lwered the fence just enugh t give her sme sunshine 10 lsing his privacy(私人空间).My grandmther cut dwn the tree that was abve his garden and drpped leaves all ver his lawn(草坪) in the autumn.Finally,they reached an agreement which made bth pleased.
（ ）B.befre C.whileD.when
（ ）B.best C.mstD.better
（ ） dwnB.turn up C.turn ffD.turn n
（ ）B.shuting C.callingD.getting
（ ）B.cause C.resultD.message
（ ）B.int C.utsideD.nt
（ ）B.pens C.shwsD.steals
（ ）B.silly C.angryD.awful
（ ）B.carried C.bughtD.gave
（ ）B.withut C.alngD.abve
【9】
(2019·预测)A sn tk his ld father t a restaurant fr dinner.The father lked very ld and 1 .While he was eating,the father 2 fd n his shirt and trusers.Other diners watched him in disgust(厌恶) while his sn was 3 .
After the father finished eating,his sn was nt angry at all.He 4 cleaned the table and helped his father wipe the muth.Then he tk his father t the washrm.When they 5 ,the whle restaurant was watching them in silence.The sn 6 fr the fd and started walking ut with his father.
At that time,an ld man 7 the diners called ut t the sn and asked him,“Dn’t yu think yu have 8 smething behind?”
The sn replied,“N,sir,I haven’t.”
The ld man retrted,“Yes,yu have!Yu left a lessn fr every sn and 9 fr every father.”The restaurant went silent.
T care fr thse wh nce cared fr us is ne f the highest hnrs(荣誉).We all knw 10 ur parents cared fr us.Lve them,respect them,and care fr them.
（ ）B.hungry C.thirstyD.weak
（ ）B.saw C.stuckD.picked
（ ）B.full C.calmD.strng
（ ）B.quietly C.clearlyD.exactly
（ ） utB.wke up C.gt ffD.tk ff
（ ）B.rdered C.paidD.spent
（ ）B.amng C.withD.as
（ ）B.tk C.lentD.hid
（ ）B.hpe C.chanceD.success
（ ）B.what C.whereD.hw
【10】
A lt f kids are smart.It is prcrastinatin(拖延) that stps them frm getting gd grades.Prcrastinatin is 1 things t a later time.An example f prcrastinatin wuld be starting a prject ne day befre it is 2 .Prcrastinating is bad,because it makes a persn stressed ut and the end 3 is usually nt very gd.
Since studying is nt very 4 ,students put vide games,hanging ut with friends,and eating ut befre studying.They end up studying the night befre the test and d nt get much 5 .This is bad,because eight hurs f sleep r mre is needed t d 6 .Students wh prcrastinate end up ding badly n tests.Teachers always 7 students t start early and d a little bit f studying every day.
Prcrastinatin des nt just happen in schl;it happens 8 .Peple put ff ging t the dctr,lking fr jbs,and mre.Sme peple say that prcrastinatin is just human 9 .Hwever,sme peple say that 10 they prcrastinate,they feel stress t wrk faster.S they can d well.
（ ） upB.putting ff C.putting utD.putting n
（ ）B.clse C.clearD.sudden
（ ）B.reasn C.prductD.plan
（ ）B.cheap C.funD.shrt
（ ）B.sleep C.exerciseD.cntrl
（ ）B.right C.everD.well
（ ）B.encurage C.expect D.refuse
（ ）B.anywhere C.everywhere D.nwhere
（ ）B.illness C.matter D.truble
（ ）B.when C.befre D.until
〖答案〗
【7】1.D 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.B9.A 10.C
【8】1.D 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.C9.D 10.B
【9】1.D 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.A9.B 10.D
【10】1.B 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.D 7.B 8.C9.A 10.B
四、完形填空的做题误区
很多学生说，他们做完形填空时，往往采用“翻译法和代入法”，即做题时翻译文章内容，感觉哪个合适选哪个，看看划横线处有没有一些固定搭配，然后作选择或者填空。其实这样做是很危险的：① 在实际考试中，翻译很容易受母语影响，进行错误选择;② 并不是所谓固定搭配一定是正确选项，完形填空是考查单词在语境中的运用。如果这个搭配或短语是不符合语篇、段落逻辑的，即便是固定说法，也是不合适的，在阅卷的时候这样的答案一定是错误的。纵观这几年中考真题、一模、二模试卷，以及一些学校的月考、期中、期末试卷发现，完形填空重点考查单词，短语在句子、段落、篇章中的含义，而并非单词本身的“认知”含义。这就为什么一些同学其实单词量并不缺乏，但完形却得分率不高的原因。
从近几年的中考题来看,完形填空题加大了对文章的结构意义、上下文衔接、逻辑思维等内容的考查比例,另外还增加了情景句的考查,把同义、近义或比较难区分的词汇放到一定的语境中考查,这对考生来说无疑增加了难度。这就需要考生在解答问题时应遵循以下做题原则:“先完其意,而后完其形”,也就是说先了解文章的大意,然后才能做题。考查的语篇类型主要以记叙文、说明文为主,词数145~225。考点分析:每篇8~10道小题。以考查语境为主,同时考查各类词的词义辨析。必考点:名词、动词、形容词。
一、完形填空的考查类型
1. 词汇题。
从句子和语境层次上全面考查名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、连词、介词、动词等词类的意义和用法。
2. 动词的时态、语态、非谓语动词和主谓一致题。
从语境的层次来全面考查学生对上述内容的掌握程度。
3. 常用固定搭配和习惯用法题。
涉及动词短语、介词短语、副词短语等的搭配和用法。
4. 句法题。
涉及简单句的五种句型、并列句、状语从句、宾语从句、定语从句等。
5. 逻辑分析题。
主要考查学生的阅读理解能力、综合分析能力和语言运用能力。
一、完形填空解题步骤：
一）、快速浏览，重视首句
在浏览文章时，我们既要重视文中诸如人名、时间、连词之类的关键词，抽取重要的信息点，也要注意不要在具体的细节上花费太多时间。看句子、抓主干、看大意、抓结构就可以了。还需要特别注意的是，完形填空的首句一般不设空。因为首句是整篇文章信息的开端和起点，决定了下文信息流动的方式和方向，也为整篇文章提供了足够的背景信息，所以我们要高度重视文章的首句。
二）、通读全文，先易后难
快速浏览完文章后，我们已经初步了解了文章的主旨大意，接下来，我们就要通读全文，把所给的几个选项分别填入空白处所在的句子中。在做完形填空题时，我们一定要注意在语境理解上下功夫，抓住上下文的内容联系和逻辑关系，注意连词、代词、插入语等的作用。另外，我们往往会发现有些空白处在快速浏览阶段就可以填出，而有些在通读全文后答案都不是很明朗。遇到这种情况，不要慌张，在把其余空白处的内容”复原”后，我们对语境的了解就会更加清晰、更加准确，这时再来啃那些”硬骨头”就会比较容易。
三）、复读全文，验证答案
相对于前面两步，第三步往往不被考生注意。完形填空来自于一篇完整的短文，我们的任务是还原短文原貌。我们只有复读短文，才能感悟出所选答案和原文是否匹配，上下文是否自相矛盾，语篇衔接是否顺畅。在复读的过程中，我们可能会发现有些选项需要重新考虑。
二、完形填空主要解题方法：
方法一：利用上下文线索解题
对于大部分完形填空题，我们需要通过上下文的线索解题。有些解题的线索就在题目的附近；有些解题的线索比较远，甚至要跨段去寻找线索。
(2018江苏淮安）One cld winter mrning, Jim fell frm his father’s bike and his legs culdn’t mve. A dctr 16 him and said he had t stay in bed fr sme time.
16. A. saw B. asked C. hear D. checked
分析：承接前文“腿不能动”，主语dctr“医生”提示用动词check“检查”，符合句意“医生给他做了检查”。故选D。
(2018黑龙江哈尔滨)N matter wh yu are and where yu live, the mst imprtant thing is what kind f persn yu are. There are many gd qualities that can benefit yu a lt in yur life. Amng them, the fllwing 21 qualities are the mst helpful nes.
Have a 22 attitude. ...
Keep learning. ...
Be creative. …
Be hnest and keep yur prmise. …
21. A. three B. fur C. five
〖解析〗：根据下文具体给出的例子可在此处是四个。故选B。
方法二：利用重复词语、派生词、近义词等解题
被选作完形填空材料的文章一般前后呼应，主题明确，往往会有词语重复出现，或者以其派生词、近义词等其他形式出现的现象，这类题目一般比较容易解答。
(2018河北) But fr many years, salt’s mst imprtant jb was t 40 fd. Like ther living things, mst bacteria (细菌) need water t live. Salt takes in plenty f water, s mst bacteria cannt live 41 a salty envirnment. As a result, salt prtects fd and many ther things.
40. A. prtectB. prvide C. prduce D. prepare
〖解析〗考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是数年来，盐的最重要的作用是保护食物。prtect保护；prvide提供；prduce生产；prepare准备。从下句As a result, salt prtects fd and many ther things.知，盐可以保护很多食物和别的东西。故选A。
方法三：利用语法知识解题
虽然完形填空的考查越来越淡化语法，但是一个语义连贯的语篇必须是符合各种语法关系的。因此考生在解题时可以将几个选项分别代入空中，对句子进行语法分析、判断，从而缩小答案范围或选出正确答案。
（2018云南昆明）Space travel is nthing new. The first spaceship with a human was sent up 36 space in 1961. Since then, peple have nt nly travelled t space, 37 many f them have als lived there in space statins fr sme time.
36. A. int B. with C. f
37. A. fr B. but C. unless
〖解析〗36考查介词辨析。由set up int“发射进入”可知。故选A。
37考查固定搭配。nt nly… but (als)为固定搭配，意为“不仅……；而且……”。故选B。
（2018云南昆明） Space travel is nthing new. The first spaceship with a human was sent up 36 space in 1961. Since then, peple have nt nly travelled t space, 37 many f them have als lived there in space statins fr sme time.
36. A. int B. with C. f
37. A. fr B. but C. unless
〖解析〗36考查介词辨析。由set up int“发射进入”可知。故选A。
37考查固定搭配。nt nly… but (als)为固定搭配，意为“不仅……；而且……”。故选B。
方法四：利用文化背景知识、生活常识等进行逻辑推理
完形填空题的语篇有时会渗透着相关的文化背景知识和生活常识，如：科学知识、历史知识、地理知识、风俗民情、民族习惯等。在做题时，如果能积极地调动自己的文化背景知识和生活常识，巧妙地加以运用，将会大大简化复杂的分析与判断思维过程，节省宝贵的时间。
（2018四川泸州) Hearing this, the dg wke up, rse with its ears 18 and wagged(摇摆) its tail.
18. A. dwnB. upC. ffD. thrugh
〖解析〗句意：听到这个，狗醒了，竖起耳朵，摇着尾巴。根据常识可知，狗醒了耳朵是竖起，故选B。
(2018黑龙江齐齐哈尔)Films and TV plays als play a part. Peple 16._______ their “heres” n TV drinking alchl(酒) r 17._______ cigarettes.
16. A. hear B. catch C. watch
〖解析〗考查动词的词义辨析。根据句意，人们在电视上观看….，故选C。
方法五：排除干扰，去伪存真
我们在做完形填空题时，有时会遇到这种情况：对某个题目的正确选项的含义、用法不甚明白，但发现其他选项却有显而易见的谬误，这时，我们可以尝试用排除法。
需要注意的是，很多时候判断一道完形填空题的正确答案要从多角度考虑，把语境、语法、常识等有机结合起来。同时也可以从某个角度选出答案，再从其他角度对答案进行印证。总之，大家在掌握这些解题技巧之后，要注意灵活运用到解题过程中，以提高自己的解题能力。
三、学以致用
【1】
Once upn a time,a yung man ran int a spring f clear water during his walk in the desert.The water was s sweet that he 1 his bttle.He planned t bring sme 2 t his teacher.After fur days’ walk he 3 the water t his teacher.He tk a deep drink,smiled gently and thanked his student satisfactrily 4 the sweet water.The yung man went back t his village with a happy heart.
A few minutes later,the teacher 5 ne f his students t taste the water.He drank a little,but spat it ut at nce.Cnfused,he tld his teacher the 6 was kind f smelly.Obviusly,the water was n lnger 7 because it had been kept in the bttle fr s lng.The pr by questined his teacher,“I dn’t understand why yu pretend t enjy the smelly water?” The teacher 8 happily,“We taste different things.Yu nly attached 9 t the water while I paid attentin t the gift.I feel lve and 10 when I drink the water.Nthing culd be sweeter in this wrld.”
（ ） B.sld C.pulledD.jined
（ ）B.back C.utD.up
（ ）B.gave C.bughtD.saw
（ ）B.in C.fD.at
（ ）B.asked C.keptD.made
（ ）B.fd C.byD.water
（ ）B.salty C.cldD.clear
（ ）B.sent C.answeredD.asked
（ ）B.imprtance C.clrD.feelings
（ ）B.cnfidence C.respectD.truth
〖解析〗1.A 考查动词词义辨析。fillsth.“填装……”,根据文意可知此处是指学生把瓶子装满了泉水,故选A项。
2.B 考查副词词义辨析。bringback“带回,拿回”。这里是指这名学生计划装满一瓶然后带回来送老师品尝,故选B项。
3.B 考查动词词义辨析。这里是指为期四天的旅程结束之后,学生将那瓶水带回来送给了老师,故选B项。
4.A 考查介词词义辨析。thanksb.frsth.“因某事而感谢某人”,用介词fr。此处是指老师感谢了这位学生,故选A项。
5.B 考查动词词义辨析。asksb.tdsth.“要求某人做某事”。这里是指送水的学生走后,老师要求另一个学生品尝水,故选B项。
6.D 考查名词词义辨析。根据上下文可知此处是指那瓶水已经变质,故选D项。
7.A 考查形容词词义辨析。由上句可知此处是指那瓶水已经不再新鲜了,故选A项。
8.C 考查动词词义辨析。据前文questin一词可知,老师要回答,故选answered。
9.B 考查名词词义辨析。短语attachimprtancet“重视,注意到”,与payattentint同义。此处是指只是把重点放在了水上,故选B项。
10.C 考查名词词义辨析。respect“尊重”。此处是指老师说,别人品尝水本身,而他却品尝到爱与尊重,故选C项。
【2】
One day,David and his friends talked abut wh their clsest 1 were.When it was his turn,he said,“My best friend is Amy,an 81-year-ld 2 living in Flrida.”
Their friendship came 3 a game.In the game,David and Amy were n the same team.After this game,they became gd friends.David even tld her abut his dream f music.
Hwever,life was hard fr David at that time.He hardly 4 time r mney t play music.Mst f the time,he had t wrk in a restaurant.He felt that his dream was hpeless(无望的). 5 he almst lst heart,Amy gave him lts f help and supprted his dream.Tw years later,he decided t 6 t New Yrk fr his dream.There he held his first cncert successfully.
After the cncert,a famus reprter in New Yrk heard f their stry.He wanted t 7 what Amy was like.S he flew t Flrida t interview her.T his surprise,the friendship between Amy and David was mre 8 than he culd imagine.
Later,many peple were mved by this 9 .But Amy thught it was nthing.She said,“As friends,we shuld give a 10 when they need.”
（ ）B.friends C.classmateD.classmates
（ ）B.man C.byD.wman
（ ）B.belw C.tD.at
（ ）B.had C.studiedD.lived
（ ） B.When C.UnlessD.If
（ ）B.stay C.gD.make
（ ）B.understand C.likeD.write
（ ）B.thin C.beautifulD.tall
（ ）B.mvie C.gameD.stry
（ ）B.lift C.talkD.speech
〖解析〗1.B 考查名词词义辨析。根据下句MybestfriendisAmy可知此处谈论的是朋友。又因动词是were,故选B项。
2.D 考查名词词义辨析。根据上文中的81-year-ld“81岁的”和第二段最后一句中的her可知,答案选D项,意为“妇人”。
3.A 考查介词词义辨析。联系上下文可知这句话的意思是:他们的友谊源自一场比赛。故选A项。cmefrm“来自;源自”。
4.B 考查动词词义辨析。联系上下文可知“他几乎没有时间或金钱去玩音乐”,故选B项。
5.B 考查连词词义辨析。联系上下文可知在他灰心的时候,艾米给了他许多帮助并且支持他的梦想,故选B项。
6.C 考查动词词义辨析。联系上下文可知他决定去纽约,故选C项。
7.A 考查动词词义辨析。联系上下文可知他想知道艾米长得什么样,故选A项。
8.C 考查形容词词义辨析。根据mre和than可知,答案选C项。句意为:令他惊讶的是,艾米和戴维之间的友谊比他想象中的更美好。
9.D 考查名词词义辨析。联系上下文可知许多人都被这个故事所感动,故选D项。
10.A 考查名词词义辨析。根据whentheyneed“当朋友需要的时候”,可推断我们应该帮助他们,故选A项。giveahand意为“帮忙”。
【3】
Tm was a cllege student.He ften made excuses nt t attend classes.Als,he spent much f his free time 1 cmputer games.He never went t the library t 2 .
Hw time flew! At the end f the term,there was 3 imprtant event that he was afraid f—the final exam.“What shuld I d?” Tm walked up and dwn in the rm the day befre the exam.He was 4 .Suddenly he 5 f an idea.
The next mrning,Tm went int the exam rm very early.He fund a yung man 6 lked s cnfident and tk a seat next t him.“Hey yu!” Tm greeted.“What?” The yung man asked.
“Can yu d me a favr?” Tm begged(恳求).“Please let me 7 yur paper during the exam.I have t depend n yu!” When hearing his wrds,the yung man just smiled but said 8 .
When the bell rang,the yung man 9 immediately and came t the frnt,saying,“It is time fr the final exam! Nw I will hand ut the papers t all f yu and cllect them 10 an hur.”
Tm sat there with his muth wide pen.
（ ）B.repairing C.playingD.drawing
（ ）B.rest C.seeD.play
（ ）B.tw C.threeD.fur
（ ）B.excited C.braveD.nervus
（ ）B.thught C.fundD.came
（ ）B.which C.whD.whse
（ ）B.cpy C.useD.take
（ ）B.everything C.anythingD.nthing
（ ） dwnB.std up C.lied dwnD.sat back
（ ）B.after C.befreD.when
〖解析〗1.C 考查动词词义辨析。句意:并且他还花费他的大多数业余时间玩电脑游戏。故选C项。sb.spend+time+(in)dingsth.意为“某人花费时间做某事”。
2.A 考查动词词义辨析。句意:他从来不去图书馆读书学习。根据语境可知用study。故选A项。
3.A 考查数词的用法辨析。根据下文中的“thefinalexam(期末考试)”可知句意为:在学期期末的时候,有一件他特别害怕的重要的事情——期末考试。故用ne,意为“一”。故选A项。
4.D 考查形容词的词义辨析。根据上文中的“walkedupanddwninthermthedaybefretheexam”可知,汤姆不停地在房间里来回走动,反复问自己应该怎么办,故推断他在考试前的那一天非常紧张。故选D项。
5.B 考查动词词义辨析。联系上下文可知,突然他想出来一个主意。故选B项。
6.C 考查连词的词义辨析。联系上下文可知他发现了一个看起来非常自信的年轻人,就坐在了他旁边的座位上。故选C项,指代人,在从句中做主语。
7.B 考查动词的词义辨析。联系上下文中的dependnyu“就靠你了”可知,他在考试期间想抄别人的试卷。故选B项。
8.D 考查不定代词的用法辨析。联系上下文可知,当听到他说的话,年轻人只是微笑,但是什么话也没有说。故选D项。
9.B 考查动词短语的用法辨析。联系上下文可知,当上课铃响了,这个年轻人立刻站了起来,来到了(教室的)前面。故选B项。
10.A 考查介词的用法辨析。联系上下文可知,这个年轻人说现在发试卷给你们每个人,一个小时之后再收起来。故选A项。
【4】
(2018山东枣庄)Rbert and Henry were ging hme frm schl,when,n turning a crner,Rbert 1 ut,“A fight! Let us g and see!”“N,” said Henry.“Let us g quietly hme and avid this quarrel.We have 2 t d with it,and may get int truble.”
“Yu are nt a brave by,and afraid t g,”said Rbert,and ff he ran.Henry went straight hme,and in the afternn went t schl,as usual. 3 Rbert had tld all the bys that Henry was a cward,and they laughed at him a great deal.
A few days 4 ,Rbert was swimming with sme schlmates and 5 his depth.He struggled and screamed fr help,but all in vain.The bys 6 had called Henry a cward,gt away frm the water as fast as they culd,but they did nt even try t help him.Rbert was fast 7 ,when Henry threw ff his clthes,and jumped int the water.By great effrt,and 8 much danger t himself,he brught Rbert t the shre,and thus saved his life.
Rbert and his schlmates were 9 at having called Henry a cward.They admitted that he had mre 10 than any f them.
Never be afraid t d gd,but always fear t d evil.
（ ）B.jumped C.saidD.turned
（ ）B.anything C.nthingD.everything
（ ）B.But C.AndD.S
（ ）B.befre C.agD.later
（ ） ut fB.gt int C.gt nD.gt ff
（ ）B.wh C.whichD.whse
（ ）B.playing C.crssingD.sinking
（ ）B.in C.nD.at
（ ）B.gd C.sadD.ashamed
（ ）B.strength C.pwerD.ability
〖解析〗1.A 考查动词词义辨析。根据下文的Afight!Letusgandsee!“打架啊,咱们去看看”可知,他应是“大喊”。故选A项。
2.C 考查代词词义辨析。由上文“我们快点回家,躲开这次争吵”和下文“可能会惹上麻烦”可推知,此事与我们无关。haventhingtdwith...意为“与……无关”。
3.B 考查连词词义辨析。由上文“下午,Henry和往常一样去了学校”和后面“Rbert已经告诉所有的男孩Henry是个胆小鬼”可知,前后两句应是转折关系。故选B项。
4.D 考查副词词义辨析。Afewdayslater“几天以后……”。故选D项。
5.B 考查动词词组辨析。根据下文Hestruggledandscreamedfrhelp“他挣扎着,大声呼救”可推断出,Rbert陷入了危险之中,即游进了深处。故选B项,意为“陷入”。
6.B 考查连词词义辨析。由句子结构可以看出这里考查定语从句。Thebys是先行词,指人,故选B项,在从句中做主语。
7.D 考查动词词义辨析。根据上文可知Rbert垂死挣扎,但都是徒劳,故可推断Rbert在快速地下沉。所以选D项。
8.A 考查介词词义辨析。联系上下文可知Henry通过努力,最终把Rbert救了出来,故可推测“冒着很大的危险”。故选A项。
9.D 考查形容词词词义辨析。联系上文可知他们嘴里的胆小鬼救了溺水的Rbert,故可推断那些曾经喊他胆小鬼的人感到羞愧。故选D项。
10.A 考查动词词义辨析。联系上文Rbert溺水只有Henry下水去救,故可推断Henry更有勇气。故选A项。
【5】
(2018重庆B)Tm wrked hard in an ffice.But it seemed that there was little change in his life.He was unhappy and didn’t want t imprve himself any mre.His father,Je,knew this and decided t have a talk with 1 .
On day,Tm and his father went fr a walk after dinner. 2 they were walking alng a river,Tm said,“Dad,yu always tell me t learn smething new.T be 3 ,I dn’t want t make any change.”
Je lked in the river,saw a dead 4 and pinted at it.
“Tm,what is that ver there?”
“It’s a dead fish.”
“What’s the fish ding?”
“It’s mving dwn with the running water.”
“But the fish is dead. 5 can it be mving?” asked Je.
“It’s mving as the river is mving.”
Je turned t his sn and said,“Life is 6 the river.It’s always mving and always changing.Sme peple dn’t want t change,but their life is always changing whether they like it r nt.A dead fish nly mves alng the river,while a living fish can cntrl its jurney.What’s yur chice if yu want t live a 7 life?”
This made Tm 8 his aunt wh had already stpped learning and develping.And she just stayed the way she used t be,living like a dead fish.
Guided by his 9 ,Tm understd what he said.He didn’t want t becme a persn like his aunt.S he made up his mind t 10 learning and develping himself.
（ ）B.me C.herD.him
（ ）B.While C.AfterD.Befre
（ ）B.happy C.quietD.patient
（ ）B.dg C.duckD.fish
（ ）B.Which C.HwD.When
（ ）B.ver C.likeD.by
（ ）B.harder C.greenerD.better
（ ） upB.think f C.wait frD.hear frm
（ ）B.father C.uncleD.friend
（ ）B.finish C.avidD.stp
〖解析〗1.D 考查代词辨析。联系上文可知汤姆虽然工作很努力,但是生活没什么起色,所以心灰意冷,也不想提高自己。故可推断,汤姆的父亲乔决定和“他”谈一谈。故选D项。
2.B 考查连词辨析。联系上文“一天,晚饭后汤姆和他的父亲出去散步”可推断,当二人正在走的时候,汤姆说……。故选B项。
3.A 考查固定搭配。tbehnest为固定搭配,意为“老实说”。
4.D 考查名词辨析。由下文It’sadeadfish“那是一条死鱼”可推知,看到了一条死鱼,故选D项。
5.C 考查连词辨析。由下文It’smvingastheriverismving“它顺流而动”可推断,乔问的是死鱼怎么能动。故选C项。
6.C 考查介词辨析。联系下文It’salwaysmvingandalwayschanging“它一直在流动着、改变着”可推断出,父亲说生活就像一条河流。故选C项,意为“像”。
7.D 考查形容词比较级。联系上文“死鱼总是顺流而动,活鱼总会掌控自己的行程”可推断出,父亲问汤姆如果想过上更好的生活该如何选择。故选D项,意为“更好的”,是gd的比较级。
8.B 考查短语辨析。联系下文shejuststayedthewaysheusedtbe,livinglikeadeadfish“她只是保持着过去的生活方式,活的就像一条死鱼”可推知,爸爸的一番话使他想起了已经停止学习和发展的姑姑。故选B项,意为“想起”。而giveup“放弃”,waitfr“等候”,hearfrm“听说”均不合题意,故排除。
9.B 考查名词辨析。联系上文和下文Tmunderstdwhathesaid“汤姆明白了他所说的话”可知,汤姆在父亲的指引下明白了他(父亲)所说的话。故选B项。
10.A 考查动词辨析。联系上文hisauntwhhadalreadystppedlearninganddevelping“已经停止学习和发展的姑姑”和Hedidn’twanttbecmeapersnlikehisaunt“他不想变成一个像姑姑一样的人”可推断出,汤姆决定继续学习。故选A项,意为“继续”。
【6】
(2018·安徽)When the Spring Festival falls,red flwers blm(盛开) n the windws f my hme.Of curse,there are nt 1 flwers.But in the cld 2 ,these wnderful flwers bring warmth t us.They are made f paper by my 3 ,wh is nw aged 70.With a few cuts,she 4 a piece f paper int a beautiful wrk f art.
When my grandma was yung,she was cnsidered clumsy(笨拙的) in the 5 .But n a cld winter night,she saw sme beautiful red paper 6 n her new neighbr’s windws.She was s interested in it and decided t 7 frm her neighbr.Tns f paper was wasted,and her fingers were cut many times.But she 8 practicing.It tk 10 years 9 my grandma culd make paper art skillfully(娴熟地).The red flwers,blming like burning fire,light up her wrld.Nw,everyne in the village 10 her.
My grandma’s stry has shwn me what it takes t realize ne’s dream.
（ ）B.real C.fullD.sweet
（ ）B.summer C.autumnD.winter
（ ）B.aunt C.mtherD.grandma
（ ）B.spreads C.placesD.burns
（ ）B.twn C.villageD.blck
（ ）B.mney C.wallsD.bks
（ ）B.steal C.learnD.brrw
（ ） upB.kept n C.put ffD.thught abut
（ ）B.after C.whileD.since
（ ）B.pardns C.respectsD.warns
〖解析〗【主旨大意】本文是一篇记叙文。年轻时,祖母被认为很笨拙,但在一个寒冷的冬夜,祖母对邻居家窗户上的剪纸产生了兴趣并决定向邻居学习。祖母花费十年时间掌握了这门剪纸艺术,最终赢得了大家的认可和尊敬。这个故事告诉我们:实现梦想需要时间和毅力。
1.B 从“Theyaremadefpaper”以及下文对祖母学习剪纸艺术的描述可知,“我”家窗户上的红花并不是真的鲜花。故选B项。
2.D 从空格前thecld以及上文的theSpringFestival等信息推知,这是一个冬天。故选D项。
3.D 从下面“whisnwaged70”以及下段中grandma等信息推知,这里说的是,这些红花是由“我”祖母用纸做的。故选D项。
4.A change“改变”;spread“传播”;place“放置”;burn“燃烧”。根据选项理解句意:经过几次剪切,她就把一张纸变成了一件美丽的艺术品。故选A项。
5.C 从本段最后一句中“everyneinthevillage”知,本句句意:当祖母年轻时,她被认为是这个村子里最笨拙的人。故选C项。
6.A 从上下文提到的“剪纸艺术”可知,在一个寒冷的冬夜,祖母看见了一个新的邻居的窗户上美丽的红纸艺术品。故选A项。
7.C 当看见邻居的艺术品时,祖母对其产生兴趣并决定向邻居学习。故选C项。
8.B endup“结束”;keepn“保持继续”;putff“拖延,推迟”;thinkabut“考虑”。根据语境和选项理解句意:祖母为了掌握这门剪纸艺术,她用掉了几吨纸,且手指被扎了很多次。尽管这样,她仍然继续练习。故选B项。
9.A 句意:在十年后,祖母才能娴熟地掌握这门剪纸艺术。也就是说,在祖母掌握这门艺术之前,她花了十年时间。故选A项。
10.C 因为祖母的努力和勤奋,她掌握了这门剪纸艺术,现在村子里每个人都尊敬她。故选C项。
【7】
(2018·安徽)As a freigner,it’s hard fr me t tell what Chinese peple are like.But my 1 in Beijing said smething.
A cuple f weeks ag,I went t buy fur big suitcases(行李箱) fr travel. 2 I was ging dwn the street,it suddenly rained heavily.A stranger called me int his little shp.He 3 me a cup f tea and a chair.When the rain gt 4 ,I thanked him and rushed t a 5 nearby t buy my suitcases.
If yu’ve ever tried t push fur big suitcases by yurself,yu may understand my 6 .I lked silly,fr the suitcases were dancing wildly acrss the flr.Then I gt a 7 n the shulder.It was the seller.He signed that I shuld wait.A few minutes later,he 8 in a car,and put the suitcases inside.Then we went driving 9 alng the rad t my hme.I ffered him sme mney,but he 10 .In brken English he said,“Feel yu.”
Nw,yu can see Chinese peple are always ready t help yu.
（ ）B.teacher C.inventinD.experience
（ ）B.As C.AlthughD.Because
（ ）B.bught C.madeD.ffered
（ ）B.lighter C.thickerD.faster
（ ）B.hall C.labD.schl
（ ）B.sentence C.situatinD.advantage
（ ）B.cin C.scarfD.tuch
（ ） dwnB.drve up C.fell behindD.went away
（ ）B.lazily C.bravelyD.prly
（ ）B.ndded C.refusedD.failed
【8】
(2018·湖北黄石)Yu shuld try t have a gd relatinship with yur neighburs,because yu never knw 1 yu may need their help.If they d smething t anny(让……不高兴) yu,it is 2 t discuss it in a plite way than t have an argument(争论) abut it.
Fr example,if yur neighburs are playing lud music that yu d nt like,ask them plitely t 3 the music instead f 4 the plice directly fr help.
Trees and fences(围栏) can als be a 5 f disagreement between neighburs.My grandmther likes sitting 6 in the sun after lunch,but her neighbur put up a high fence that 7 sunshine frm ging int her yard ne afternn.My grandmther didn’t want t be 8 with him,because he 9 her a lt f supprt when my grandfather died last year.S she went t talk with the neighbur in a friendly way.
Then,her neighbur lwered the fence just enugh t give her sme sunshine 10 lsing his privacy(私人空间).My grandmther cut dwn the tree that was abve his garden and drpped leaves all ver his lawn(草坪) in the autumn.Finally,they reached an agreement which made bth pleased.
（ ）B.befre C.whileD.when
（ ）B.best C.mstD.better
（ ） dwnB.turn up C.turn ffD.turn n
（ ）B.shuting C.callingD.getting
（ ）B.cause C.resultD.message
（ ）B.int C.utsideD.nt
（ ）B.pens C.shwsD.steals
（ ）B.silly C.angryD.awful
（ ）B.carried C.bughtD.gave
（ ）B.withut C.alngD.abve
【9】
(2019·预测)A sn tk his ld father t a restaurant fr dinner.The father lked very ld and 1 .While he was eating,the father 2 fd n his shirt and trusers.Other diners watched him in disgust(厌恶) while his sn was 3 .
After the father finished eating,his sn was nt angry at all.He 4 cleaned the table and helped his father wipe the muth.Then he tk his father t the washrm.When they 5 ,the whle restaurant was watching them in silence.The sn 6 fr the fd and started walking ut with his father.
At that time,an ld man 7 the diners called ut t the sn and asked him,“Dn’t yu think yu have 8 smething behind?”
The sn replied,“N,sir,I haven’t.”
The ld man retrted,“Yes,yu have!Yu left a lessn fr every sn and 9 fr every father.”The restaurant went silent.
T care fr thse wh nce cared fr us is ne f the highest hnrs(荣誉).We all knw 10 ur parents cared fr us.Lve them,respect them,and care fr them.
（ ）B.hungry C.thirstyD.weak
（ ）B.saw C.stuckD.picked
（ ）B.full C.calmD.strng
（ ）B.quietly C.clearlyD.exactly
（ ） utB.wke up C.gt ffD.tk ff
（ ）B.rdered C.paidD.spent
（ ）B.amng C.withD.as
（ ）B.tk C.lentD.hid
（ ）B.hpe C.chanceD.success
（ ）B.what C.whereD.hw
【10】
A lt f kids are smart.It is prcrastinatin(拖延) that stps them frm getting gd grades.Prcrastinatin is 1 things t a later time.An example f prcrastinatin wuld be starting a prject ne day befre it is 2 .Prcrastinating is bad,because it makes a persn stressed ut and the end 3 is usually nt very gd.
Since studying is nt very 4 ,students put vide games,hanging ut with friends,and eating ut befre studying.They end up studying the night befre the test and d nt get much 5 .This is bad,because eight hurs f sleep r mre is needed t d 6 .Students wh prcrastinate end up ding badly n tests.Teachers always 7 students t start early and d a little bit f studying every day.
Prcrastinatin des nt just happen in schl;it happens 8 .Peple put ff ging t the dctr,lking fr jbs,and mre.Sme peple say that prcrastinatin is just human 9 .Hwever,sme peple say that 10 they prcrastinate,they feel stress t wrk faster.S they can d well.
（ ） upB.putting ff C.putting utD.putting n
（ ）B.clse C.clearD.sudden
（ ）B.reasn C.prductD.plan
（ ）B.cheap C.funD.shrt
（ ）B.sleep C.exerciseD.cntrl
（ ）B.right C.everD.well
（ ）B.encurage C.expect D.refuse
（ ）B.anywhere C.everywhere D.nwhere
（ ）B.illness C.matter D.truble
（ ）B.when C.befre D.until
〖答案〗
【7】1.D 2.B 3.D 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.D 8.B9.A 10.C
【8】1.D 2.D 3.A 4.C 5.B 6.C 7.A 8.C9.D 10.B
【9】1.D 2.A 3.C 4.B 5.A 6.C 7.B 8.A9.B 10.D
【10】1.B 2.A 3.C 4.C 5.B 6.D 7.B 8.C9.A 10.B
四、完形填空的做题误区
很多学生说，他们做完形填空时，往往采用“翻译法和代入法”，即做题时翻译文章内容，感觉哪个合适选哪个，看看划横线处有没有一些固定搭配，然后作选择或者填空。其实这样做是很危险的：① 在实际考试中，翻译很容易受母语影响，进行错误选择;② 并不是所谓固定搭配一定是正确选项，完形填空是考查单词在语境中的运用。如果这个搭配或短语是不符合语篇、段落逻辑的，即便是固定说法，也是不合适的，在阅卷的时候这样的答案一定是错误的。纵观这几年中考真题、一模、二模试卷，以及一些学校的月考、期中、期末试卷发现，完形填空重点考查单词，短语在句子、段落、篇章中的含义，而并非单词本身的“认知”含义。这就为什么一些同学其实单词量并不缺乏，但完形却得分率不高的原因。
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