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第11讲 主谓一致（讲义）-备战2024中考英语一轮复习精品课件+讲义+练习（全国通用）
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►第11讲 主谓一致（讲义） 【复习目标】 1.掌握主谓一致的原则 2.掌握主谓一致的应用 【考情分析】 主谓一致题型命题规律 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。《义务教育英语课程标准(2022年版)》对主谓一致仅要求理解。近3年，主谓一致在中考英语试题主要集中在用动词适当形式填空、句型转换、汉译英、单项选择、完形填空及其它类型的填空题中都出现主谓搭配的试题，解答任务型阅读以及书面表达题型时，学生就必须考虑主谓一致。因此，考生必须掌握主谓一致。在学习过程中，要掌握主谓一致的基本用法及常见搭配。近几年，主谓一致与时态、语态综合考查成为命题的方向。 【网络构建】 考向一主谓一致的原则 语法一致原则 主要指语法形式上一致，即谓语动词必须在人称和数的形式上与主语保持一致，这一原则多适用于句子主语是名词或代词的情况。 He is a famous singer. The boys who are playing the guitar are my cousins. Life is full of the unexpected. A sad movie makes me cry. Their mother cooks breakfast for them every morning. 意义一致原则 以主语表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单、复数。这一原则多适用于句中主语为集体名词、“the+形容词/v-ed/v-ing”、以-s结尾的名词、what-从句；由and或both...and连接的并列主语；主语为时间、度量、价值、数目等意义的词语、某些不定代词、what、which、who等。 The class is more than fifty students.（class指班级） Generally speaking, the disable need more help. Someone is knocking at the door. 就近原则 谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致。这一原则多适用于“there be”句型、由or, neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also...连接的并列主语以及倒装句型。 There is an apple and two pears on the table. There are two pears and an apple on the table. 考向二 主谓一致的应用 谓语动词用单数 不可数名词作主语时 Water is very important for humans. Knowledge is power. Happiness lies first of all in health. 表示时间、金钱、距离、长度等名词复数和数词作主语时 Eight hours of sleep is enough . Thirty minutes was given to prepare for the lesson. Ten kilometers is a long distance. 主语为each, either, neither或由each, either, neither, every, no所修饰时 Each of the students has a dictionary. Either is good enough for me. Neither of the books is useful to him. No man is born wise. 主语为any, some, every, no所构成的复合不定代词时 Anyone who arrives here first will get a present. I think that something interesting is going to happen. Everybody deserves a chance. Nothing is more important than health. 主语为little, much或被much修饰时 Very little has been done about it. Much of the time was wasted. Much water is needed in this place. 主语为“many a/more than one+单数名词”和“one and a half+名词复数”时 Many a visitor has been to the Great Wall. More than one chair is in the room. One and a half bananas is eaten by the little girl. “one of/ the number of+名词复数”做主语时 One of these notebooks is mine. The number of the members in the swimming club is 50. 学科、国家、书籍、机构、报刊等名词作主语时 Physics is not his strong point. China is a developing country. Treasure Island is the most interesting book I’ve read. The United Nations was formed in 1945. 谓语动词用复数 主语为both, few, a few, many, several或由其所修饰时 Both of my sisters are teachers. A few vegetables were left. Several of the grapes are bad. “the+形容词”表示一类人（如：the deaf, the blind, the old, the young, the rich, the poor等）作主语时 The young are full of energy. “the+姓氏的复数形式”作主语时 The Smiths were watching TV this time last night. 山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以-s结尾的专有名词作主语时 The Olympic Games are held once every four years. The Rocky mountains stand in the west of the north America. 只有复数概念的集体名词（people, police, cattle等）作主语时 These people volunteer to clean the park on weekends. Police are hunting the criminal. 谓语动词的形式视情况而定 主语为某些集体名词（如：family, class, team, army, club, public, audience等）时 看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数 His family has moved into the new house. The public was convinced of his innocence. There was a big audience at the evening party. 看作其中的成员，谓语动词用复数 The class are busy cleaning the classroom. The audience were deeply moved by the plot. My family are waiting for me. 主语为all, any, some, most, enough,half或由其所修饰时 主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数 All of the players want to win the game. I don’t think any of my friends are interested in this movie. Some of the women have long curly black hair. 主语表示单数意义或代表不可数名词，谓语动词用单数 All of the work has been finished. Most of the food tastes delicious. Half of the land is covered by grass. 主语为“the rest of、the last of、 lots of、plenty of、分数/百分数+of+名词”的结构时，谓语动词的形式与of后的名词的单复数决定 The rest of the food is eaten by him. The rest of the students are staying at the classroom. Two thirds of the members are girls. More than fifty percent of the land was covered by snow. 主语为none时 表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数 She tried ten hats, but none were suited her. None have arrived here yet. 表示单数意义或代表不可数名词，谓语动词用单数 We need to buy some milk, because none is left. None is as tall as Tom. 一些由两个对应部分组成的可数名词复数，如：trousers, shorts, glasses, pants,scissors等作主语时 前面若无a pair of, a set of, series of等这类的单位词，通常视为复数，谓语动词用 复数形式； My glasses are broken. His trousers have worn out. The scissors aren’t sharp. 若带有单位词，则由单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式。 A pair of pants is on his bed. Three pairs of trousers are enough. and连接并列主语时 并列主语表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数 Lily and Grace are good friends. A singer and an actor were having dinner in my restaurant yesterday. 并列主语表示同一个人、同一概念、同一事或同一物时，谓语动词用单数 A worker and engineer was giving a lecture from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. yesterday afternoon. The singer and dancer is popular among the young people. Bread and butter is his favorite food. “there be”句型中谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致。 There is a bank and two shops on this road. There are two shops and a bank on this road. 由or, neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also...连接的并列主语，谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致。 Either he or I am going to attend the meeting on Friday. Either I or he is going to attend the meeting on Friday. 主语后跟介词along with, besides, together with, with等引导的短语，或者跟连接词as well as, other than, rather than等连接的短语时，其谓语动词与这些短语前边的主语保持一致 My mother together with my brothers has seen the film. I as well as my sister am good at English. His brother, rather than his parents is fond of the country music. 非谓语动词作主语 单独的不定式、V-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数 Listening to music is a way too relax myself. To save the endangered animals is what we need to do. 如果多个非谓语动词连在一起表示同一概念，谓语动词用单数；如果表示不同概念，谓语动词用复数 To go to bed early and to get up early is a good habit. To work and to live are two different things but they are always together. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式与先行词保持一致。 先行词是单数时，从句的谓语动词用单数；先行词是复数时，从句的谓语动词用复数 I want to know the man who is singing in the music room. The pens which are on the desk belong to Alice. “one of+可数名词复数”作先行词时，从句的谓语动词用复数；“the only/very/ right one of+”可数名词复数”作先行词时，从句的谓语动词用单数 Jack is one of the musicians who were awarded. Jack is the only one of the musicians who was awarded. 一、单项选择 1．（2023·吉林长春·校联考模拟预测）There ________ a notice on the wall. It says we will go camping tomorrow. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：墙上有一个通知。上面说我们明天去露营。考查There be句型。此处是There be句型，时态是一般现在时，主语是“a notice”，故选A。 2．（2023·甘肃陇南·模拟预测）There ________ a concert next week. A．is going to be B．are going to be C．is going to have D．is going to has 【答案】A 【详解】句意：下周将有一场音乐会。 考查there be的将来时。根据“next week”可知此处是there be结构的将来时there will be/there be going to be，主语是a concert，be动词用is。故选A。 3．（2023·甘肃陇南·统考一模）Not only my parents but also I ________ interested in the CCTV show Cheers Science. A．am B．is C．are D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：不仅是我的父母，我对央视节目《加油！向未来》也很感兴趣。 考查主谓一致。not only... but also...“不但……而且……”，遵循就近原则，所以空处应和主语I保持一致，be动词用am。故选A。 4．（2023·湖南湘西·统考二模）Not only you but also he ________ playing soccer. A．to like B．like C．likes 【答案】C 【详解】句意：不仅你而且他也喜欢踢足球。 考查主谓一致。not only...but also“不但……而且……”，用就近原则，离谓语动词最近的主语是第三人称单数he，谓语动词用三单形式。故选C。 5．（2023·湖北孝感·统考三模）Outdoor activities can ________ make kids stronger ________ help them get more knowledge. A．either…or B．not only…but also C．neither…nor D．not…but 【答案】B 【详解】句意：户外活动不仅能让孩子们变得更强壮，还能帮助他们获得更多的知识。 考查连词辨析。either…or要么……要么……；not only…but also不仅……而且……；neither…nor既不……也不……；not…but不是……但是……。根据“Outdoor activities can…make kids stronger…help them get more knowledge.”可知，此处指的是“不仅能让孩子们变得更强壮，还能帮助他们获得更多的知识”。故选B。 6．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州杨桥中学校考三模）I’m looking for a baby-sitter. She must be________ too old________ too young. A．both; and B．neither; nor C．either; or 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我在找保姆。她必须既不太老也不太年轻。 考查neither...nor的用法。both...and两者都；neither...nor既不……也不……；either...or或者……或者……。根据“I’m looking for a babysitter. She must be...too old...too young.”可知找的保姆既不能太老也不能太年轻，故选B。 7．（2023·福建三明·统考二模）—Mom, can I have the white dress and the red skirt? —Sorry, dear. They cost too much, but you can choose ________ the dress ________ the skirt. A．both; and B．either; or C．neither; nor 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我能买白色的连衣裙和红色的短裙吗？——对不起，亲爱的。它们太贵了，但你可以选择连衣裙或短裙。 考查连词辨析。both...and两者都；either...or或者……或者……（两者之一）；neither...nor既不……也不……。根据“They cost too much, but you can choose ... the dress ... the skirt.”可知，此处表示在连衣裙和短裙两者之间选一个，用either...or。故选B。 8．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨市第十七中学校校考三模）Neither Jim nor his teacher and I ________ satisfied ________ Jim’s result of the exam. A．am; with B．are; with C．am; about 【答案】B 【详解】句意：吉姆、他的老师和我都不满意吉姆的考试成绩。 考查主谓一致和介词。am是，用于第一人称单数；are是，用于第二人称单复数，第一、三人称复数；with和；about关于。neither...nor…表示“既不……，也不……”，连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的数与离它最近的主语保持一致，由“his teacher and I”可知为复数，第一空应填are；短语be satisfied with意为“对……感到满意”，为固定搭配，第二空应填with。故选B。 9．（2023·四川自贡·校考一模）—Tony, I called you but you didn’t answer. —Oh, sorry. I together with my cousins ________ watching a movie in the cinema. A．were B．was C．is 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——托尼，我打电话给你，但你没接。——哦，对不起。我和我的表兄弟们在电影院看电影。考查动词时态及主谓一致。根据“I called you but you didn’t answer.”可知，此处指过去某一时刻正在做的事情，应为过去进行时，结构为was/were doing；with连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词单复数与其离得远的主语的单复数保持一致，I是第一人称单数，故用was。故选B。 10．（2023·吉林四平·校联考三模）—John, as well as his parents, ________ fishing every Saturday. —With “Double Reduction” policy (“双减”政策) carried out, students have more time to take part in after-school activities. A．is going B．go C．goes 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——约翰和他的父母每周六都去钓鱼。 ——随着”双减”政策的实施，学生有更多的时间参加课后活动。 考查主谓一致。根据“John，as well as his parents”可知，此处应遵循就远原则，“as well as”连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的数与离它最远的主语保持一致。；主语“John”是单数，根据时间状语“every Saturday”可知，句子是一般现在时态，谓语动词应为第三人称单数。 故选C。 11．（2023·黑龙江绥化·校考三模）Sue with her parents often ________ hills on Sundays. A．climb B．climbs C．climbed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：苏和她的父母经常在星期天爬山。 考查动词时态。根据“often”和“on Sundays”可知，此处用一般现在时，with连接并列主语，谓语动词采用就远原则，主语Sue是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故选B。 12．（2023·江苏扬州·统考三模）_______ are crazy about listening to pop music in their spare time． A．Bill as well as his friends B．Neither Victor nor Tom C．Not only Tim but also the twins D．Either Anita or Jack 【答案】C 【详解】句意：不仅汤姆而且那对双胞胎在他们的空闲时间都着迷听流行音乐。 考查主谓一致。as well as“就远原则”，be动词应用is；Neither…nor意为“两者都不”，be动词遵循“就近原则”，用is；Not only…but also…意为“不仅……而且”，be动词遵循“就近原则”，“twins”表示复数，be动词用are；Either…nor…意为“要么……要么……”，be动词遵循“就近原则”，用is。故选C。 13．（2022·江苏常州·统考一模）This English book, together with its listening material, ________ well. A．sells B．is sold C．sell D．are sold 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这本英语书及其听力材料很畅销。 考查主谓一致和被动语态。根据句子结构可知“together with its listening material”为介词短语，作为插入语，真正的主语为“This English book”，且为单数，所以排除选项C和D；sell well表示卖得很好，此时不用被动语态，故选A。 14．（2023·广西南宁·南宁十四中校考一模）Mr. Wang as well as his wife ________ planning to go to Beijing for a holiday next month. A．are B．is C．was 【答案】B 【详解】句意：王先生和他的妻子正在计划下个月去北京度假。 考查现在进行时。“A as well as B”作主语，谓语动词单复数符合“就远原则”。“Mr. Wang as well as his wife”作主语，谓语动词单复数由“Mr. Wang”决定。根据“Mr. Wang as well as his wife...planning to go to Beijing for a holiday next month.”可知，王先生和他的妻子现在正在计划下个月去北京度假。句子用现在进行时，且Mr Wang是三单，填is。故选B。 15．（2022下·上海浦东新·九年级上海市进才中学校考期中）Lucy as well as her parents _________ supper at home yesterday when the telephone _________. A．were having; was ringing B．were having; rang C．was having; rang D．had; was ringing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：昨天，露西和她的父母正在家里吃晚饭，这时电话铃响了。 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据“at home yesterday when”可知本句是含有when的过去进行时态。主句一般用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时，排除AD选项；另外第一空的主语是as well as前的Lucy，所以be动词用was。故选C。 16．（2022·黑龙江鸡西·校考一模）—The man with his dogs often ________ out in the park in the evening. —The dogs are very big and strong. A．goes B．going C．to go 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这个人晚上经常带着他的狗去公园。——狗又大又壮。 考查主谓一致。句子主语是with连接的两部分，动词应用“就远原则”，应与主语“man”一致，动词应用单数形式，故选A。 17．（2023·湖北恩施·统考二模）—How much _______ this pair of shoes? —Sixty dollars _______ enough. A．is; is B．are; is C．are; are 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这双鞋多少钱？——六十美元就够了。 考查主谓一致。this pair of shoes“这双鞋”，主语是pair，单数，be动词应用is；“Sixty dollars”是金钱，金钱作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。故选A。 18．（2022·河北保定·统考一模）Ten months __________ a long time, but it’s enough for us to build the bridge. A．is B．isn’t C．are D．aren’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意：十个月不是很长的时间，但对我们来说，建造这座桥已经足够了。 考查主谓一致。句子主语“Ten months”是一个整体，谓语动词应用单数形式，结合“but it’s enough for us to build the bridge.”可知，十个月不是很长的时间，此处应用否定形式，故选B。 19．（2022·四川达州·统考一模）________ weeks ________ enough. A．The third; are B．The third; were C．Three; are D．Three; was 【答案】D 【详解】句意：三周就够了。考查数词和be动词的用法。The third第三个；are是（be的第二人称单复数现在时，第一、三人称复数现在时）；were是（be 的过去时复数和第二人称单数形式）；three三，三个；was是（be的第一和第三人称单数过去式）。根据“...weeks...enough.”可知三周时间足够了，又因“weeks”为名词复数，前用基数词修饰表示“数量”，且这里的“三周”指“一段时间”，表示时间、距离、重量、金钱等作主语时，把它看成一个整体，系动词be用单数，时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式。故选D。 20．（2023·浙江·模拟预测）Two thirds of the population in that faraway village ________ farmers. A．are B．is C．have D．has 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在那个遥远的村庄里，三分之二的人是农民。 考查主谓一致。are是；is是；have有；has有。根据“Two thirds of the population in that faraway village ... farmers.”可知，三分之二的人是农民，用be动词表示“是”。population意为“人口”时，是不可数名词；population意为“（全体）居民、群体”时，是集合名词。该句中population指的是“群体”，故看作复数。“分数+of+名词”作主语时，由名词的单复数决定主语的单复数。故选A。 21．（2023·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测）________ books in our library ________ about 20,000. A．The number of; are B．A number of; is C．The number of; is 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们图书馆的图书数量约为20000册。 考查短语辨析和主谓一致。the number of“……的数量”，作主语看作三单；a number of“许多、大量”，后接名词复数，作主语看作复数。由“20,000”可知，此处是数量，故用the number of，谓语动词用is，故选C。 22．（2023·吉林长春·长春市解放大路学校校考模拟预测）—How many students are there in one classroom in the USA? —The number of them ________ about twenty. A．is B．are C．am D．be 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——在美国一间教室里有多少学生？——他们的人数大约是二十人。 考查主谓一致。主语是the number of...，be动词用单数形式is。故选A。 23．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测）— What shall we do to stay in shape, Lucy? — Both jogging and swimming ________ good choices. A．is B．am C．are 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我们该怎么做才能保持身材，露西？——慢跑和游泳都是不错的选择。考查主谓一致。both...and连接的并列成分作主语时，be动词用are。故选C。 24．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第一中学校考模拟预测）________ of the students in our class ________ going to the summer camp in Xiamen next week. A．Two fifths; is B．Second fifths; are C．Two fifths; are 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们班五分之二的学生下周要去厦门参加夏令营。 考查主谓一致和分数的表达。分数的表达：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1，分母用复数，因此two fifths符合句意；根据“the students”可知，主语是复数，因此第二空are符合句意。故选C。 25．（2023·甘肃武威·统考模拟预测）Between the two buildings ________ a school. A．has B．have C．stands D．stand 【答案】C 【详解】句意：一所学校位于这两栋建筑物之间。 考查动词辨析和主谓一致。have“有”；stand“站立；位于”。根据“Between the two buildings ... a school.”可知，此处指学校位于两栋建筑物之间，应用stand；再根据主语“a school”为名词单数，谓语动词要用第三人称单数。故选C。 26．（2023·甘肃定西·校考模拟预测）The number of people invited ________ fifty, but a number of them ________ absent for different reasons. A．was; were B．was; was C．were; was D．were; were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：邀请人数是50，但是很多人因为不同的原因缺席。 考查主谓一致。the number of“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数；a number of“大量的”，谓语动词用复数。故选A。 27．（2023·甘肃定西·统考三模）In this club, a number of basketball players ________ from the US. The number of them ________ 30. A．is; are B．are; is C．comes; are D．come; are 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在这个俱乐部里，一些篮球运动员来自美国。他们的数量是30人。 考查主谓一致。a number of表示“一些，许多”，通常后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用动词原形；the number of表示“……的数量”，谓语动词用三单形式，故选B。 28．（2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·内蒙古师范大学附属学校校考二模）The survey on the children ________ that more than five sixths of them ________ interested in science books because they seems a little boring. A．show; is B．shows; are C．shows; is D．show; are 【答案】B 【详解】句意：对孩子们的调查显示，超过六分之五的孩子对科学书籍感兴趣，因为它们看起来有点无聊。考查主谓一致。第一空句子主语是The survey，是单数名词，所以动词用三单形式；而第二空主语是含有分数的结构，谓语动词由分数后面的them决定，所以应该用复数形式，也就是be动词要用are，故选B。 29．（2023·江苏徐州·校考二模）The survey shows that ________ of the students ________ reading English novels. A．two-third; is B．two-three; are C．two-thirds; is D．two-thirds; are 【答案】D 【详解】句意：一项调查表明，三分之二的学生正在读英语小说。 考查分数的表达和主谓一致。英语中分数的表示方法为“分子基，分母序，分子大于一，分母加s”，根据这个规则，第一空C和D符合要求，排除A和B。第二空宾语从句的主语为“two-thirds of the students”三分之二的学生，带有分数的名词短语，后接谓语动词的单复数由of后的名词决定，此处为students，是可数名词复数，故be动词应该用are，不能用is。故选D。 30．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考一模）The number of teachers in our school ________ greatly increased last term. A number of teachers in this school ________ from the countryside. A．was；is B．was；are C．were；are 【答案】B 【详解】句意：上学期我们学校的教师人数大大增加了。这所学校的许多老师来自农村。 考查be动词。is 是，be 的第三人称单数现在时形式；are是，be的第二人称单复数现在时，第一、三人称复数现在时；was是，be的第一和第三人称单数过去式；were是，be 的过去时复数和第二人称单数形式。根据关键词“last term”可知，前一句是一般过去时态；the number of意为“……的数目”，它所修饰的主语的谓语动词用单数，the number of teachers意为“老师的数量”，视为单数形式，所以be动词用was；第二个空主语是a number of teachers意为“许多老师”，是复数形式。本句是一般现在时态，所以be动词用are。故选B。 二、用所给单词适当形式填空 31．（2023·甘肃陇南·统考三模）The number of visitors to the museum every day (be) more than 5,000. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：每天参观博物馆的人数超过5000人。根据“every day”可知，时态是一般现在时。“The number of+名词”作主语，谓语动词用其单数形式，故用be动词is。故填is。 32．（2023·甘肃临夏·统考模拟预测）Not only my parents but also I (be) going to stay at home this weekend. 【答案】am 【详解】句意：这个周末不仅我父母，我也要待在家里。“not only...but also”在连接不同主语时谓语动词形式遵循“就近原则”可知，I作主语时，谓语动词be用am。故填am。 33．（2023·甘肃定西·统考二模）My teacher always says that English (be) a helpful subject. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：我的老师总是说英语是一门有用的学科。根据句子结构，句子为宾语从句，根据“says”提示主句为一般现在时，故从句时态不受限，从句主语为“English”且从句在陈述事实，故be动词应用is。故填is。 34．（2023·黑龙江·统考二模）Three quarters of the earth’s surface (be) covered by water. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：地球表面四分之三被水覆盖。此句是一般现在时，根据“Three quarters of”可知，分数修饰中心词时，be动词的单复数由修饰的中心词单复数所决定，结合“the earth’s surface”可知，be动词用is，故填is。 35．（2023·内蒙古包头·包头市第三十五中学校考三模）The plan made by my classmates last week (be) different from mine. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：上周我同学制定的计划与我的不同。分析句子可知，本句的时态描述一个事实，所以应是一般现在时。由于主语是“The plan”三单，所以应是is。故填is。 三、完成句子 36．（2023·重庆沙坪坝·重庆南开中学校考二模）学无坦途。(完成译句) no smooth road to leaning for us. 【答案】 There is 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此句考查there be句型，句子的时态为一般现在时，road为单数，所以be动词用is。故填There；is。 37．（2023·重庆沙坪坝·重庆八中校考三模）看！有人正在校门口等你呢。（完成译句） Look! There someone for you at the school gate. 【答案】 is waiting 【详解】此处是there be句型，主语是不定代词someone，be动词用is；wait“等待”，动词，此处应用现在分词作定语。故填is；waiting。 38．（2023·内蒙古通辽·统考一模）早餐我一般不是吃蛋糕就是吃面包。 I usually eat cakes bread for breakfast. 【答案】 either or 【详解】根据中文意思可知本题考查短语either...or...“或者……或者……”，并列连词，此处连接两个并列的宾语，故填either；or。 39．（2023·甘肃平凉·校考三模）In winter it often (下雪) in the north of China. 【答案】snows 【详解】句意：在中国北部，冬天经常下雪。snow“下雪”，根据“often”可知用一般现在时，主语“it”后接动词第三人称单数形式snows。故填snows。 40．（2023·甘肃平凉·校考三模）Jim doesn’t like playing the piano, and Jack doesn’t, either.（改为同义句） Jim Jack likes playing the piano. 【答案】 Neither nor 【详解】句意：吉姆不喜欢弹钢琴，杰克也不喜欢。根据“Jim doesn’t like playing the piano, and Jack doesn’t, either.”可知两人都不喜欢弹钢琴，用neither ... nor ...表示“既不……也不……”，句子开头首字母大写。故填Neither；nor。 一、单项选择 1．（2023·湖南湘西·统考中考真题）There ________ a Miao Drum Culture Festival (苗鼓文化节) in the southwest of China next weekend. A．is B．will have C．will be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：下周末，中国西南地区将举办苗族鼓文化节。 考查there be结构的将来时。根据“next weekend”可知此处是there be结构的将来时there will be。故选C。 2．（2023·内蒙古·统考中考真题）The number of students in this school ________ five hundred, and about ________ of them like creative English homework. A．is; three fifth B．is; three fifths C．are; three fifth D．are; three fifths 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这所学校有五百名学生，大约五分之三的学生喜欢创造性英语作业。 考查主谓一致和分数表达。The number of表示“……的数量”，后面的谓语动词用第三人称单数，排除CD；分数表达为：基数词作分子，序数词作分母，除了分子是“1”以外，其他情况下序数词都要用复数形式，因此“五分之三”为“ three fifths”。故选B。 3．（2023·内蒙古·统考中考真题）Not only Jim but also his sister ________ a few cities since they came to China. A．have visited B．has visited C．visited D．visits 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自从他们来到中国以来，不仅吉姆，他的妹妹也去过几个城市。 考查时态以及主谓一致。根据“since...”可知句子用现在完成时have/has done；not only...but also连接的并列成分作主语时，应遵循就近原则，根据“his sister”可知助动词用has。故选B。 4．（2023·西藏·统考中考真题）There ________ a clear lake in my city. A．be B．am C．is D．are 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在我的城市里有一个清澈的湖。 考查主谓一致。题干中there be句型的主语是“a clear lake”，属于第三人称单数，be动词用is。故选C。 5．（2022·西藏·统考中考真题）The number of the students in our class ________ fifty-four. A．be B．is C．are D．am 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们班的学生人数是五十四人。 考查主谓一致。The number of“……的数量”，在句中充当主语时，表示的是一个整体，为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用单数形式is。故选B。 6．（2022·吉林长春·统考中考真题）There ________ a sign on the wall. It says you mustn’t smoke here. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：墙上有一个标志。上面说你不能在这里抽烟。 考查there be句型。主语“a sign”是单数形式，be动词用单数形式，且此句陈述一般事实应用一般现在时，故选A。 7．（2022·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）Next year, _______ a new road leading to the village. A．there is B．there are C．there will be D．there was 【答案】C 【详解】句意：明年，将有一条新路通往村庄。 考查时态。根据“Next year”可知此句时态是一般将来时，There be句型的一般将来时结构是There will be。故选C。 8．（2022·湖南湘西·统考中考真题）There ________ only one earth but billions of (数十亿) people in the world, so we should protect the earth. A．have B．is C．are 【答案】B 【详解】句意：只有一个地球，但世界上有数十亿人，所以我们应该保护地球。 考查There be句型。根据“There ... only one earth but billions of people in the world”可知此处是There be句型，主语“one earth”是单数，be动词用is。故选B。 9．（2022·辽宁大连·统考中考真题）Once a term, there ________ a parents’ meeting in our school. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：每个学期，我们学校都会举行一次家长会。 考查动词时态和be动词的用法。根据“Once a term”可知，此处是描述一个一般性情况，需用一般现在时，可排除CD选项；且“a parents’ meeting”是单数，be动词用is。故选A。 10．（2022·广西玉林·统考中考真题）— As far as I know, there _____ a high-speed train from Yulin to Shenzhen in 2023. — Yeah! It will be more convenient for the people in Yulin. A．will be B．has C．is D．will have 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——据我所知，2023年将有从玉林到深圳的高铁。——耶！这对玉林的人们来说会更方便。 考查there be句型的一般将来时结构。根据“in 2023”可知，此处要用there be句型的一般将来时结构there will be，故选A。 11．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考中考真题）—There will be ________ tomorrow. We can’t eat out. —Well, we have to stay at home. A．rainy B．rain C．raining 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——明天会下雨。我们不能在外面吃饭。——嗯，我们必须呆在家里。 考查there be用法。rainy下雨的；rain下雨，雨水；raining动名词形式。此处是there be句型，空处填的应是名词，rain符合语境，故选B。 12．（2022·广西柳州·中考真题）Everyone ________ here. Let’s go. A．am B．are C．is 【答案】C 【详解】句意：每个人都在这。我们走吧。 考查主谓一致。am与主语I一起连用；are系动词的复数形式；is系动词的单数形式。不定代词everyone作主语，be动词用单数is，故选C。 13．（2022·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）— The song Together for a Shared Future is very popular now. — That’s for sure! Both the young and the old ________ it. A．likes B．like C．liked 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——《一起向未来》这首歌现在很受欢迎。——这是肯定的！年轻人和老年人都喜欢它。考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据“now”结合语境可知句子是一般现在时； 根据“Both the young and the old”可知主语是复数，动词应用原形，故选B。 14．（2022·广西贵港·统考中考真题）—There ________ a talk by Zhong Nanshan in our school tomorrow afternoon. —Great! We can’t wait! A．is B．was C．will be D．will have 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——明天下午我们学校将有一场钟南山的演讲。——太棒了！我们等不及了！考查There be句型和时态。根据“There …a talk by Zhong Nanshan in our school tomorrow afternoon.”可知，本句为一般将来时，且为There be句型，使用There will be“将有”，故选C。 15．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）With the introduction of the “double reduction” policy (双减政策), one of the ________ ________ that the students have less homework. A．changes; is B．change; is C．changes; are 【答案】A 【详解】句意：随着“双减”政策的出台，其中一个变化就是学生的作业变少了。 考查名词复数和主谓一致。one of+名词复数，排除B；one of加名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数。故选A。 16．（2022·贵州黔东南·统考中考真题）In our school library, there _________ a number of books on art. The number of the books _________ still growing larger and larger. A．is; is B．are; is C．is; are D．are; are 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在我们学校的图书馆里，有许多关于艺术的书。 书的数量还在越来越多。考查主谓一致。根据“a number of books”可知，表复数概念，故第一空填are。the number of表示“……的数量”，修饰主语，be动词用is，故选B。 17．（2022·贵州铜仁·统考中考真题）—Using public chopsticks ______ necessary when eating with others. —That’s right. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——与他人一起吃饭时，使用公用筷子是必要的。——确实如此。 考查主谓一致以及动词时态。此处阐述的是使用公筷的必要性，句子用一般现在时，动名词作主语，be动词用is，故选A。 18．（2022·贵州毕节·统考中考真题）Neither Saturday nor Sunday________ OK because I will be quite busy these two days. A．are B．is C．am D．be 【答案】B 【详解】句意：星期六和星期天都不行，因为这两天我会很忙。 考查主谓一致。neither…nor遵循“就近原则”，be动词用离其最近的主语Sunday保持一致，故此空应填is，故选B。 19．（2022·天津·统考中考真题）A lot of birds ________ in nature parks every year. A．protect B．is protected C．are protected D．protected 【答案】C 【详解】句意：每年都有很多鸟类在自然公园受到保护。 考查被动语态。分析句子可知，主语“A lot of birds”和谓语protect“保护”之间是被动关系，根据“every year”可知此处用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are done”，主语是复数，be动词用are。故选C。 20．（2022·天津·统考中考真题）We hope ________ a computer on every student’s desk in the future. A．there is B．there was C．there will be D．there has been 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们希望将来每个学生的课桌上都能有一台电脑。 考查时态。根据“in the future”可知，此处是“there be”句型的一般将来时态，结构是“there will be”。故选C。 目录一复习目标掌握目标及备考方向二考情分析2023年中考主谓一致考情分析三网络构建知识点头脑风暴四名词考向1.主谓一致的原则 2.主谓一致的应用 3.提升必考题型归纳五真题感悟主谓一致经典考题
►第11讲 主谓一致（讲义） 【复习目标】 1.掌握主谓一致的原则 2.掌握主谓一致的应用 【考情分析】 主谓一致题型命题规律 主谓一致是指谓语动词与主语在人称和数上保持一致，主谓一致必须遵循三原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则，就近一致原则。《义务教育英语课程标准(2022年版)》对主谓一致仅要求理解。近3年，主谓一致在中考英语试题主要集中在用动词适当形式填空、句型转换、汉译英、单项选择、完形填空及其它类型的填空题中都出现主谓搭配的试题，解答任务型阅读以及书面表达题型时，学生就必须考虑主谓一致。因此，考生必须掌握主谓一致。在学习过程中，要掌握主谓一致的基本用法及常见搭配。近几年，主谓一致与时态、语态综合考查成为命题的方向。 【网络构建】 考向一主谓一致的原则 语法一致原则 主要指语法形式上一致，即谓语动词必须在人称和数的形式上与主语保持一致，这一原则多适用于句子主语是名词或代词的情况。 He is a famous singer. The boys who are playing the guitar are my cousins. Life is full of the unexpected. A sad movie makes me cry. Their mother cooks breakfast for them every morning. 意义一致原则 以主语表示的意义来决定谓语动词的单、复数。这一原则多适用于句中主语为集体名词、“the+形容词/v-ed/v-ing”、以-s结尾的名词、what-从句；由and或both...and连接的并列主语；主语为时间、度量、价值、数目等意义的词语、某些不定代词、what、which、who等。 The class is more than fifty students.（class指班级） Generally speaking, the disable need more help. Someone is knocking at the door. 就近原则 谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致。这一原则多适用于“there be”句型、由or, neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also...连接的并列主语以及倒装句型。 There is an apple and two pears on the table. There are two pears and an apple on the table. 考向二 主谓一致的应用 谓语动词用单数 不可数名词作主语时 Water is very important for humans. Knowledge is power. Happiness lies first of all in health. 表示时间、金钱、距离、长度等名词复数和数词作主语时 Eight hours of sleep is enough . Thirty minutes was given to prepare for the lesson. Ten kilometers is a long distance. 主语为each, either, neither或由each, either, neither, every, no所修饰时 Each of the students has a dictionary. Either is good enough for me. Neither of the books is useful to him. No man is born wise. 主语为any, some, every, no所构成的复合不定代词时 Anyone who arrives here first will get a present. I think that something interesting is going to happen. Everybody deserves a chance. Nothing is more important than health. 主语为little, much或被much修饰时 Very little has been done about it. Much of the time was wasted. Much water is needed in this place. 主语为“many a/more than one+单数名词”和“one and a half+名词复数”时 Many a visitor has been to the Great Wall. More than one chair is in the room. One and a half bananas is eaten by the little girl. “one of/ the number of+名词复数”做主语时 One of these notebooks is mine. The number of the members in the swimming club is 50. 学科、国家、书籍、机构、报刊等名词作主语时 Physics is not his strong point. China is a developing country. Treasure Island is the most interesting book I’ve read. The United Nations was formed in 1945. 谓语动词用复数 主语为both, few, a few, many, several或由其所修饰时 Both of my sisters are teachers. A few vegetables were left. Several of the grapes are bad. “the+形容词”表示一类人（如：the deaf, the blind, the old, the young, the rich, the poor等）作主语时 The young are full of energy. “the+姓氏的复数形式”作主语时 The Smiths were watching TV this time last night. 山脉、群岛、瀑布、运动会等以-s结尾的专有名词作主语时 The Olympic Games are held once every four years. The Rocky mountains stand in the west of the north America. 只有复数概念的集体名词（people, police, cattle等）作主语时 These people volunteer to clean the park on weekends. Police are hunting the criminal. 谓语动词的形式视情况而定 主语为某些集体名词（如：family, class, team, army, club, public, audience等）时 看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数 His family has moved into the new house. The public was convinced of his innocence. There was a big audience at the evening party. 看作其中的成员，谓语动词用复数 The class are busy cleaning the classroom. The audience were deeply moved by the plot. My family are waiting for me. 主语为all, any, some, most, enough,half或由其所修饰时 主语表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数 All of the players want to win the game. I don’t think any of my friends are interested in this movie. Some of the women have long curly black hair. 主语表示单数意义或代表不可数名词，谓语动词用单数 All of the work has been finished. Most of the food tastes delicious. Half of the land is covered by grass. 主语为“the rest of、the last of、 lots of、plenty of、分数/百分数+of+名词”的结构时，谓语动词的形式与of后的名词的单复数决定 The rest of the food is eaten by him. The rest of the students are staying at the classroom. Two thirds of the members are girls. More than fifty percent of the land was covered by snow. 主语为none时 表示复数意义，谓语动词用复数 She tried ten hats, but none were suited her. None have arrived here yet. 表示单数意义或代表不可数名词，谓语动词用单数 We need to buy some milk, because none is left. None is as tall as Tom. 一些由两个对应部分组成的可数名词复数，如：trousers, shorts, glasses, pants,scissors等作主语时 前面若无a pair of, a set of, series of等这类的单位词，通常视为复数，谓语动词用 复数形式； My glasses are broken. His trousers have worn out. The scissors aren’t sharp. 若带有单位词，则由单位词的单复数决定谓语动词的单复数形式。 A pair of pants is on his bed. Three pairs of trousers are enough. and连接并列主语时 并列主语表示复数概念时，谓语动词用复数 Lily and Grace are good friends. A singer and an actor were having dinner in my restaurant yesterday. 并列主语表示同一个人、同一概念、同一事或同一物时，谓语动词用单数 A worker and engineer was giving a lecture from 2 p.m. to 4 p.m. yesterday afternoon. The singer and dancer is popular among the young people. Bread and butter is his favorite food. “there be”句型中谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致。 There is a bank and two shops on this road. There are two shops and a bank on this road. 由or, neither...nor, either...or, not only...but also...连接的并列主语，谓语动词的人称和数与最近的词语保持一致。 Either he or I am going to attend the meeting on Friday. Either I or he is going to attend the meeting on Friday. 主语后跟介词along with, besides, together with, with等引导的短语，或者跟连接词as well as, other than, rather than等连接的短语时，其谓语动词与这些短语前边的主语保持一致 My mother together with my brothers has seen the film. I as well as my sister am good at English. His brother, rather than his parents is fond of the country music. 非谓语动词作主语 单独的不定式、V-ing形式作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数 Listening to music is a way too relax myself. To save the endangered animals is what we need to do. 如果多个非谓语动词连在一起表示同一概念，谓语动词用单数；如果表示不同概念，谓语动词用复数 To go to bed early and to get up early is a good habit. To work and to live are two different things but they are always together. 关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，定语从句中的谓语动词的单复数形式与先行词保持一致。 先行词是单数时，从句的谓语动词用单数；先行词是复数时，从句的谓语动词用复数 I want to know the man who is singing in the music room. The pens which are on the desk belong to Alice. “one of+可数名词复数”作先行词时，从句的谓语动词用复数；“the only/very/ right one of+”可数名词复数”作先行词时，从句的谓语动词用单数 Jack is one of the musicians who were awarded. Jack is the only one of the musicians who was awarded. 一、单项选择 1．（2023·吉林长春·校联考模拟预测）There ________ a notice on the wall. It says we will go camping tomorrow. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：墙上有一个通知。上面说我们明天去露营。考查There be句型。此处是There be句型，时态是一般现在时，主语是“a notice”，故选A。 2．（2023·甘肃陇南·模拟预测）There ________ a concert next week. A．is going to be B．are going to be C．is going to have D．is going to has 【答案】A 【详解】句意：下周将有一场音乐会。 考查there be的将来时。根据“next week”可知此处是there be结构的将来时there will be/there be going to be，主语是a concert，be动词用is。故选A。 3．（2023·甘肃陇南·统考一模）Not only my parents but also I ________ interested in the CCTV show Cheers Science. A．am B．is C．are D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：不仅是我的父母，我对央视节目《加油！向未来》也很感兴趣。 考查主谓一致。not only... but also...“不但……而且……”，遵循就近原则，所以空处应和主语I保持一致，be动词用am。故选A。 4．（2023·湖南湘西·统考二模）Not only you but also he ________ playing soccer. A．to like B．like C．likes 【答案】C 【详解】句意：不仅你而且他也喜欢踢足球。 考查主谓一致。not only...but also“不但……而且……”，用就近原则，离谓语动词最近的主语是第三人称单数he，谓语动词用三单形式。故选C。 5．（2023·湖北孝感·统考三模）Outdoor activities can ________ make kids stronger ________ help them get more knowledge. A．either…or B．not only…but also C．neither…nor D．not…but 【答案】B 【详解】句意：户外活动不仅能让孩子们变得更强壮，还能帮助他们获得更多的知识。 考查连词辨析。either…or要么……要么……；not only…but also不仅……而且……；neither…nor既不……也不……；not…but不是……但是……。根据“Outdoor activities can…make kids stronger…help them get more knowledge.”可知，此处指的是“不仅能让孩子们变得更强壮，还能帮助他们获得更多的知识”。故选B。 6．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州杨桥中学校考三模）I’m looking for a baby-sitter. She must be________ too old________ too young. A．both; and B．neither; nor C．either; or 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我在找保姆。她必须既不太老也不太年轻。 考查neither...nor的用法。both...and两者都；neither...nor既不……也不……；either...or或者……或者……。根据“I’m looking for a babysitter. She must be...too old...too young.”可知找的保姆既不能太老也不能太年轻，故选B。 7．（2023·福建三明·统考二模）—Mom, can I have the white dress and the red skirt? —Sorry, dear. They cost too much, but you can choose ________ the dress ________ the skirt. A．both; and B．either; or C．neither; nor 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——妈妈，我能买白色的连衣裙和红色的短裙吗？——对不起，亲爱的。它们太贵了，但你可以选择连衣裙或短裙。 考查连词辨析。both...and两者都；either...or或者……或者……（两者之一）；neither...nor既不……也不……。根据“They cost too much, but you can choose ... the dress ... the skirt.”可知，此处表示在连衣裙和短裙两者之间选一个，用either...or。故选B。 8．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·哈尔滨市第十七中学校校考三模）Neither Jim nor his teacher and I ________ satisfied ________ Jim’s result of the exam. A．am; with B．are; with C．am; about 【答案】B 【详解】句意：吉姆、他的老师和我都不满意吉姆的考试成绩。 考查主谓一致和介词。am是，用于第一人称单数；are是，用于第二人称单复数，第一、三人称复数；with和；about关于。neither...nor…表示“既不……，也不……”，连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的数与离它最近的主语保持一致，由“his teacher and I”可知为复数，第一空应填are；短语be satisfied with意为“对……感到满意”，为固定搭配，第二空应填with。故选B。 9．（2023·四川自贡·校考一模）—Tony, I called you but you didn’t answer. —Oh, sorry. I together with my cousins ________ watching a movie in the cinema. A．were B．was C．is 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——托尼，我打电话给你，但你没接。——哦，对不起。我和我的表兄弟们在电影院看电影。考查动词时态及主谓一致。根据“I called you but you didn’t answer.”可知，此处指过去某一时刻正在做的事情，应为过去进行时，结构为was/were doing；with连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词单复数与其离得远的主语的单复数保持一致，I是第一人称单数，故用was。故选B。 10．（2023·吉林四平·校联考三模）—John, as well as his parents, ________ fishing every Saturday. —With “Double Reduction” policy (“双减”政策) carried out, students have more time to take part in after-school activities. A．is going B．go C．goes 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——约翰和他的父母每周六都去钓鱼。 ——随着”双减”政策的实施，学生有更多的时间参加课后活动。 考查主谓一致。根据“John，as well as his parents”可知，此处应遵循就远原则，“as well as”连接两个并列主语时，谓语动词的数与离它最远的主语保持一致。；主语“John”是单数，根据时间状语“every Saturday”可知，句子是一般现在时态，谓语动词应为第三人称单数。 故选C。 11．（2023·黑龙江绥化·校考三模）Sue with her parents often ________ hills on Sundays. A．climb B．climbs C．climbed 【答案】B 【详解】句意：苏和她的父母经常在星期天爬山。 考查动词时态。根据“often”和“on Sundays”可知，此处用一般现在时，with连接并列主语，谓语动词采用就远原则，主语Sue是第三人称单数，谓语动词用第三人称单数形式，故选B。 12．（2023·江苏扬州·统考三模）_______ are crazy about listening to pop music in their spare time． A．Bill as well as his friends B．Neither Victor nor Tom C．Not only Tim but also the twins D．Either Anita or Jack 【答案】C 【详解】句意：不仅汤姆而且那对双胞胎在他们的空闲时间都着迷听流行音乐。 考查主谓一致。as well as“就远原则”，be动词应用is；Neither…nor意为“两者都不”，be动词遵循“就近原则”，用is；Not only…but also…意为“不仅……而且”，be动词遵循“就近原则”，“twins”表示复数，be动词用are；Either…nor…意为“要么……要么……”，be动词遵循“就近原则”，用is。故选C。 13．（2022·江苏常州·统考一模）This English book, together with its listening material, ________ well. A．sells B．is sold C．sell D．are sold 【答案】A 【详解】句意：这本英语书及其听力材料很畅销。 考查主谓一致和被动语态。根据句子结构可知“together with its listening material”为介词短语，作为插入语，真正的主语为“This English book”，且为单数，所以排除选项C和D；sell well表示卖得很好，此时不用被动语态，故选A。 14．（2023·广西南宁·南宁十四中校考一模）Mr. Wang as well as his wife ________ planning to go to Beijing for a holiday next month. A．are B．is C．was 【答案】B 【详解】句意：王先生和他的妻子正在计划下个月去北京度假。 考查现在进行时。“A as well as B”作主语，谓语动词单复数符合“就远原则”。“Mr. Wang as well as his wife”作主语，谓语动词单复数由“Mr. Wang”决定。根据“Mr. Wang as well as his wife...planning to go to Beijing for a holiday next month.”可知，王先生和他的妻子现在正在计划下个月去北京度假。句子用现在进行时，且Mr Wang是三单，填is。故选B。 15．（2022下·上海浦东新·九年级上海市进才中学校考期中）Lucy as well as her parents _________ supper at home yesterday when the telephone _________. A．were having; was ringing B．were having; rang C．was having; rang D．had; was ringing 【答案】C 【详解】句意：昨天，露西和她的父母正在家里吃晚饭，这时电话铃响了。 考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据“at home yesterday when”可知本句是含有when的过去进行时态。主句一般用过去进行时，从句用一般过去时，排除AD选项；另外第一空的主语是as well as前的Lucy，所以be动词用was。故选C。 16．（2022·黑龙江鸡西·校考一模）—The man with his dogs often ________ out in the park in the evening. —The dogs are very big and strong. A．goes B．going C．to go 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这个人晚上经常带着他的狗去公园。——狗又大又壮。 考查主谓一致。句子主语是with连接的两部分，动词应用“就远原则”，应与主语“man”一致，动词应用单数形式，故选A。 17．（2023·湖北恩施·统考二模）—How much _______ this pair of shoes? —Sixty dollars _______ enough. A．is; is B．are; is C．are; are 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——这双鞋多少钱？——六十美元就够了。 考查主谓一致。this pair of shoes“这双鞋”，主语是pair，单数，be动词应用is；“Sixty dollars”是金钱，金钱作主语，谓语动词要用单数形式。故选A。 18．（2022·河北保定·统考一模）Ten months __________ a long time, but it’s enough for us to build the bridge. A．is B．isn’t C．are D．aren’t 【答案】B 【详解】句意：十个月不是很长的时间，但对我们来说，建造这座桥已经足够了。 考查主谓一致。句子主语“Ten months”是一个整体，谓语动词应用单数形式，结合“but it’s enough for us to build the bridge.”可知，十个月不是很长的时间，此处应用否定形式，故选B。 19．（2022·四川达州·统考一模）________ weeks ________ enough. A．The third; are B．The third; were C．Three; are D．Three; was 【答案】D 【详解】句意：三周就够了。考查数词和be动词的用法。The third第三个；are是（be的第二人称单复数现在时，第一、三人称复数现在时）；were是（be 的过去时复数和第二人称单数形式）；three三，三个；was是（be的第一和第三人称单数过去式）。根据“...weeks...enough.”可知三周时间足够了，又因“weeks”为名词复数，前用基数词修饰表示“数量”，且这里的“三周”指“一段时间”，表示时间、距离、重量、金钱等作主语时，把它看成一个整体，系动词be用单数，时态为一般过去时，动词用过去式。故选D。 20．（2023·浙江·模拟预测）Two thirds of the population in that faraway village ________ farmers. A．are B．is C．have D．has 【答案】A 【详解】句意：在那个遥远的村庄里，三分之二的人是农民。 考查主谓一致。are是；is是；have有；has有。根据“Two thirds of the population in that faraway village ... farmers.”可知，三分之二的人是农民，用be动词表示“是”。population意为“人口”时，是不可数名词；population意为“（全体）居民、群体”时，是集合名词。该句中population指的是“群体”，故看作复数。“分数+of+名词”作主语时，由名词的单复数决定主语的单复数。故选A。 21．（2023·黑龙江绥化·模拟预测）________ books in our library ________ about 20,000. A．The number of; are B．A number of; is C．The number of; is 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们图书馆的图书数量约为20000册。 考查短语辨析和主谓一致。the number of“……的数量”，作主语看作三单；a number of“许多、大量”，后接名词复数，作主语看作复数。由“20,000”可知，此处是数量，故用the number of，谓语动词用is，故选C。 22．（2023·吉林长春·长春市解放大路学校校考模拟预测）—How many students are there in one classroom in the USA? —The number of them ________ about twenty. A．is B．are C．am D．be 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——在美国一间教室里有多少学生？——他们的人数大约是二十人。 考查主谓一致。主语是the number of...，be动词用单数形式is。故选A。 23．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·模拟预测）— What shall we do to stay in shape, Lucy? — Both jogging and swimming ________ good choices. A．is B．am C．are 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——我们该怎么做才能保持身材，露西？——慢跑和游泳都是不错的选择。考查主谓一致。both...and连接的并列成分作主语时，be动词用are。故选C。 24．（2023·福建福州·福建省福州第一中学校考模拟预测）________ of the students in our class ________ going to the summer camp in Xiamen next week. A．Two fifths; is B．Second fifths; are C．Two fifths; are 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们班五分之二的学生下周要去厦门参加夏令营。 考查主谓一致和分数的表达。分数的表达：分子用基数词，分母用序数词，分子大于1，分母用复数，因此two fifths符合句意；根据“the students”可知，主语是复数，因此第二空are符合句意。故选C。 25．（2023·甘肃武威·统考模拟预测）Between the two buildings ________ a school. A．has B．have C．stands D．stand 【答案】C 【详解】句意：一所学校位于这两栋建筑物之间。 考查动词辨析和主谓一致。have“有”；stand“站立；位于”。根据“Between the two buildings ... a school.”可知，此处指学校位于两栋建筑物之间，应用stand；再根据主语“a school”为名词单数，谓语动词要用第三人称单数。故选C。 26．（2023·甘肃定西·校考模拟预测）The number of people invited ________ fifty, but a number of them ________ absent for different reasons. A．was; were B．was; was C．were; was D．were; were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：邀请人数是50，但是很多人因为不同的原因缺席。 考查主谓一致。the number of“……的数量”，谓语动词用单数；a number of“大量的”，谓语动词用复数。故选A。 27．（2023·甘肃定西·统考三模）In this club, a number of basketball players ________ from the US. The number of them ________ 30. A．is; are B．are; is C．comes; are D．come; are 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在这个俱乐部里，一些篮球运动员来自美国。他们的数量是30人。 考查主谓一致。a number of表示“一些，许多”，通常后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用动词原形；the number of表示“……的数量”，谓语动词用三单形式，故选B。 28．（2023·内蒙古呼和浩特·内蒙古师范大学附属学校校考二模）The survey on the children ________ that more than five sixths of them ________ interested in science books because they seems a little boring. A．show; is B．shows; are C．shows; is D．show; are 【答案】B 【详解】句意：对孩子们的调查显示，超过六分之五的孩子对科学书籍感兴趣，因为它们看起来有点无聊。考查主谓一致。第一空句子主语是The survey，是单数名词，所以动词用三单形式；而第二空主语是含有分数的结构，谓语动词由分数后面的them决定，所以应该用复数形式，也就是be动词要用are，故选B。 29．（2023·江苏徐州·校考二模）The survey shows that ________ of the students ________ reading English novels. A．two-third; is B．two-three; are C．two-thirds; is D．two-thirds; are 【答案】D 【详解】句意：一项调查表明，三分之二的学生正在读英语小说。 考查分数的表达和主谓一致。英语中分数的表示方法为“分子基，分母序，分子大于一，分母加s”，根据这个规则，第一空C和D符合要求，排除A和B。第二空宾语从句的主语为“two-thirds of the students”三分之二的学生，带有分数的名词短语，后接谓语动词的单复数由of后的名词决定，此处为students，是可数名词复数，故be动词应该用are，不能用is。故选D。 30．（2023·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考一模）The number of teachers in our school ________ greatly increased last term. A number of teachers in this school ________ from the countryside. A．was；is B．was；are C．were；are 【答案】B 【详解】句意：上学期我们学校的教师人数大大增加了。这所学校的许多老师来自农村。 考查be动词。is 是，be 的第三人称单数现在时形式；are是，be的第二人称单复数现在时，第一、三人称复数现在时；was是，be的第一和第三人称单数过去式；were是，be 的过去时复数和第二人称单数形式。根据关键词“last term”可知，前一句是一般过去时态；the number of意为“……的数目”，它所修饰的主语的谓语动词用单数，the number of teachers意为“老师的数量”，视为单数形式，所以be动词用was；第二个空主语是a number of teachers意为“许多老师”，是复数形式。本句是一般现在时态，所以be动词用are。故选B。 二、用所给单词适当形式填空 31．（2023·甘肃陇南·统考三模）The number of visitors to the museum every day (be) more than 5,000. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：每天参观博物馆的人数超过5000人。根据“every day”可知，时态是一般现在时。“The number of+名词”作主语，谓语动词用其单数形式，故用be动词is。故填is。 32．（2023·甘肃临夏·统考模拟预测）Not only my parents but also I (be) going to stay at home this weekend. 【答案】am 【详解】句意：这个周末不仅我父母，我也要待在家里。“not only...but also”在连接不同主语时谓语动词形式遵循“就近原则”可知，I作主语时，谓语动词be用am。故填am。 33．（2023·甘肃定西·统考二模）My teacher always says that English (be) a helpful subject. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：我的老师总是说英语是一门有用的学科。根据句子结构，句子为宾语从句，根据“says”提示主句为一般现在时，故从句时态不受限，从句主语为“English”且从句在陈述事实，故be动词应用is。故填is。 34．（2023·黑龙江·统考二模）Three quarters of the earth’s surface (be) covered by water. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：地球表面四分之三被水覆盖。此句是一般现在时，根据“Three quarters of”可知，分数修饰中心词时，be动词的单复数由修饰的中心词单复数所决定，结合“the earth’s surface”可知，be动词用is，故填is。 35．（2023·内蒙古包头·包头市第三十五中学校考三模）The plan made by my classmates last week (be) different from mine. 【答案】is 【详解】句意：上周我同学制定的计划与我的不同。分析句子可知，本句的时态描述一个事实，所以应是一般现在时。由于主语是“The plan”三单，所以应是is。故填is。 三、完成句子 36．（2023·重庆沙坪坝·重庆南开中学校考二模）学无坦途。(完成译句) no smooth road to leaning for us. 【答案】 There is 【详解】根据中英文对照可知，此句考查there be句型，句子的时态为一般现在时，road为单数，所以be动词用is。故填There；is。 37．（2023·重庆沙坪坝·重庆八中校考三模）看！有人正在校门口等你呢。（完成译句） Look! There someone for you at the school gate. 【答案】 is waiting 【详解】此处是there be句型，主语是不定代词someone，be动词用is；wait“等待”，动词，此处应用现在分词作定语。故填is；waiting。 38．（2023·内蒙古通辽·统考一模）早餐我一般不是吃蛋糕就是吃面包。 I usually eat cakes bread for breakfast. 【答案】 either or 【详解】根据中文意思可知本题考查短语either...or...“或者……或者……”，并列连词，此处连接两个并列的宾语，故填either；or。 39．（2023·甘肃平凉·校考三模）In winter it often (下雪) in the north of China. 【答案】snows 【详解】句意：在中国北部，冬天经常下雪。snow“下雪”，根据“often”可知用一般现在时，主语“it”后接动词第三人称单数形式snows。故填snows。 40．（2023·甘肃平凉·校考三模）Jim doesn’t like playing the piano, and Jack doesn’t, either.（改为同义句） Jim Jack likes playing the piano. 【答案】 Neither nor 【详解】句意：吉姆不喜欢弹钢琴，杰克也不喜欢。根据“Jim doesn’t like playing the piano, and Jack doesn’t, either.”可知两人都不喜欢弹钢琴，用neither ... nor ...表示“既不……也不……”，句子开头首字母大写。故填Neither；nor。 一、单项选择 1．（2023·湖南湘西·统考中考真题）There ________ a Miao Drum Culture Festival (苗鼓文化节) in the southwest of China next weekend. A．is B．will have C．will be 【答案】C 【详解】句意：下周末，中国西南地区将举办苗族鼓文化节。 考查there be结构的将来时。根据“next weekend”可知此处是there be结构的将来时there will be。故选C。 2．（2023·内蒙古·统考中考真题）The number of students in this school ________ five hundred, and about ________ of them like creative English homework. A．is; three fifth B．is; three fifths C．are; three fifth D．are; three fifths 【答案】B 【详解】句意：这所学校有五百名学生，大约五分之三的学生喜欢创造性英语作业。 考查主谓一致和分数表达。The number of表示“……的数量”，后面的谓语动词用第三人称单数，排除CD；分数表达为：基数词作分子，序数词作分母，除了分子是“1”以外，其他情况下序数词都要用复数形式，因此“五分之三”为“ three fifths”。故选B。 3．（2023·内蒙古·统考中考真题）Not only Jim but also his sister ________ a few cities since they came to China. A．have visited B．has visited C．visited D．visits 【答案】B 【详解】句意：自从他们来到中国以来，不仅吉姆，他的妹妹也去过几个城市。 考查时态以及主谓一致。根据“since...”可知句子用现在完成时have/has done；not only...but also连接的并列成分作主语时，应遵循就近原则，根据“his sister”可知助动词用has。故选B。 4．（2023·西藏·统考中考真题）There ________ a clear lake in my city. A．be B．am C．is D．are 【答案】C 【详解】句意：在我的城市里有一个清澈的湖。 考查主谓一致。题干中there be句型的主语是“a clear lake”，属于第三人称单数，be动词用is。故选C。 5．（2022·西藏·统考中考真题）The number of the students in our class ________ fifty-four. A．be B．is C．are D．am 【答案】B 【详解】句意：我们班的学生人数是五十四人。 考查主谓一致。The number of“……的数量”，在句中充当主语时，表示的是一个整体，为第三人称单数，所以谓语动词用单数形式is。故选B。 6．（2022·吉林长春·统考中考真题）There ________ a sign on the wall. It says you mustn’t smoke here. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：墙上有一个标志。上面说你不能在这里抽烟。 考查there be句型。主语“a sign”是单数形式，be动词用单数形式，且此句陈述一般事实应用一般现在时，故选A。 7．（2022·辽宁丹东·统考中考真题）Next year, _______ a new road leading to the village. A．there is B．there are C．there will be D．there was 【答案】C 【详解】句意：明年，将有一条新路通往村庄。 考查时态。根据“Next year”可知此句时态是一般将来时，There be句型的一般将来时结构是There will be。故选C。 8．（2022·湖南湘西·统考中考真题）There ________ only one earth but billions of (数十亿) people in the world, so we should protect the earth. A．have B．is C．are 【答案】B 【详解】句意：只有一个地球，但世界上有数十亿人，所以我们应该保护地球。 考查There be句型。根据“There ... only one earth but billions of people in the world”可知此处是There be句型，主语“one earth”是单数，be动词用is。故选B。 9．（2022·辽宁大连·统考中考真题）Once a term, there ________ a parents’ meeting in our school. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：每个学期，我们学校都会举行一次家长会。 考查动词时态和be动词的用法。根据“Once a term”可知，此处是描述一个一般性情况，需用一般现在时，可排除CD选项；且“a parents’ meeting”是单数，be动词用is。故选A。 10．（2022·广西玉林·统考中考真题）— As far as I know, there _____ a high-speed train from Yulin to Shenzhen in 2023. — Yeah! It will be more convenient for the people in Yulin. A．will be B．has C．is D．will have 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——据我所知，2023年将有从玉林到深圳的高铁。——耶！这对玉林的人们来说会更方便。 考查there be句型的一般将来时结构。根据“in 2023”可知，此处要用there be句型的一般将来时结构there will be，故选A。 11．（2022·黑龙江哈尔滨·统考中考真题）—There will be ________ tomorrow. We can’t eat out. —Well, we have to stay at home. A．rainy B．rain C．raining 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——明天会下雨。我们不能在外面吃饭。——嗯，我们必须呆在家里。 考查there be用法。rainy下雨的；rain下雨，雨水；raining动名词形式。此处是there be句型，空处填的应是名词，rain符合语境，故选B。 12．（2022·广西柳州·中考真题）Everyone ________ here. Let’s go. A．am B．are C．is 【答案】C 【详解】句意：每个人都在这。我们走吧。 考查主谓一致。am与主语I一起连用；are系动词的复数形式；is系动词的单数形式。不定代词everyone作主语，be动词用单数is，故选C。 13．（2022·湖南郴州·统考中考真题）— The song Together for a Shared Future is very popular now. — That’s for sure! Both the young and the old ________ it. A．likes B．like C．liked 【答案】B 【详解】句意：——《一起向未来》这首歌现在很受欢迎。——这是肯定的！年轻人和老年人都喜欢它。考查动词时态和主谓一致。根据“now”结合语境可知句子是一般现在时； 根据“Both the young and the old”可知主语是复数，动词应用原形，故选B。 14．（2022·广西贵港·统考中考真题）—There ________ a talk by Zhong Nanshan in our school tomorrow afternoon. —Great! We can’t wait! A．is B．was C．will be D．will have 【答案】C 【详解】句意：——明天下午我们学校将有一场钟南山的演讲。——太棒了！我们等不及了！考查There be句型和时态。根据“There …a talk by Zhong Nanshan in our school tomorrow afternoon.”可知，本句为一般将来时，且为There be句型，使用There will be“将有”，故选C。 15．（2022·黑龙江绥化·统考中考真题）With the introduction of the “double reduction” policy (双减政策), one of the ________ ________ that the students have less homework. A．changes; is B．change; is C．changes; are 【答案】A 【详解】句意：随着“双减”政策的出台，其中一个变化就是学生的作业变少了。 考查名词复数和主谓一致。one of+名词复数，排除B；one of加名词复数作主语时，谓语动词用单数。故选A。 16．（2022·贵州黔东南·统考中考真题）In our school library, there _________ a number of books on art. The number of the books _________ still growing larger and larger. A．is; is B．are; is C．is; are D．are; are 【答案】B 【详解】句意：在我们学校的图书馆里，有许多关于艺术的书。 书的数量还在越来越多。考查主谓一致。根据“a number of books”可知，表复数概念，故第一空填are。the number of表示“……的数量”，修饰主语，be动词用is，故选B。 17．（2022·贵州铜仁·统考中考真题）—Using public chopsticks ______ necessary when eating with others. —That’s right. A．is B．are C．was D．were 【答案】A 【详解】句意：——与他人一起吃饭时，使用公用筷子是必要的。——确实如此。 考查主谓一致以及动词时态。此处阐述的是使用公筷的必要性，句子用一般现在时，动名词作主语，be动词用is，故选A。 18．（2022·贵州毕节·统考中考真题）Neither Saturday nor Sunday________ OK because I will be quite busy these two days. A．are B．is C．am D．be 【答案】B 【详解】句意：星期六和星期天都不行，因为这两天我会很忙。 考查主谓一致。neither…nor遵循“就近原则”，be动词用离其最近的主语Sunday保持一致，故此空应填is，故选B。 19．（2022·天津·统考中考真题）A lot of birds ________ in nature parks every year. A．protect B．is protected C．are protected D．protected 【答案】C 【详解】句意：每年都有很多鸟类在自然公园受到保护。 考查被动语态。分析句子可知，主语“A lot of birds”和谓语protect“保护”之间是被动关系，根据“every year”可知此处用一般现在时的被动语态“am/is/are done”，主语是复数，be动词用are。故选C。 20．（2022·天津·统考中考真题）We hope ________ a computer on every student’s desk in the future. A．there is B．there was C．there will be D．there has been 【答案】C 【详解】句意：我们希望将来每个学生的课桌上都能有一台电脑。 考查时态。根据“in the future”可知，此处是“there be”句型的一般将来时态，结构是“there will be”。故选C。 目录一复习目标掌握目标及备考方向二考情分析2023年中考主谓一致考情分析三网络构建知识点头脑风暴四名词考向1.主谓一致的原则 2.主谓一致的应用 3.提升必考题型归纳五真题感悟主谓一致经典考题
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