新高考新教材广西专版2024届高考英语二轮总复习专题一阅读理解课件

这是一份新高考新教材广西专版2024届高考英语二轮总复习专题一阅读理解课件，共60页。PPT课件主要包含了内容索引，高考命题透析，解题策略指导，解题流程 ，考点一 细节理解题，命题特点，技巧点拨，第二步 比对选项 ，解题微技能 ，考点二 推理判断题等内容，欢迎下载使用。

N . 1　考情透析•明晰阅读理解考什么　
N.2　读文总策略•破解阅读理解必备3大策略
N.3　题型微技法•提升阅读理解解题13大技法
N.4　真题实战•经典对练拿高分
N . 1　考情透析•明晰阅读 理解考什么　
N.2　读文总策略•破解阅读 理解必备3大策略
策略一　运用词汇知识, 攻克生词关
技法1　利用词缀推断单词意义　 英语词缀分为前缀和后缀两种。加于词根前的叫前缀; 加于词根后的叫后缀。一般说来, 前缀只是改变词义, 并不改变词性; 后缀不仅可以改变词义, 还可以改变词性。
1.前缀(1)mis-坏的; 错的behave→misbehave 行为不端calculate→miscalculate 误算lead→mislead 误导; 引入歧途; 使误信(2)ver-太; 过于sleep→versleep 睡得太久anxius→veranxius 过于焦虑的lad→verlad 使超载weight→verweight 过重的; 超重的
(3)dis-; in-; il-; im-; ir-; un- 不; 非; 相反please→displease 使不悦ability→inability 无能legal→illegal 不合法的patient→impatient 不耐烦的regular→irregular 不规则的natural→unnatural 不自然的(4)micr-百万分之一; 微小的cmputer→micrcmputer 微型计算机wave→micrwave 微波炉phne→micrphne 麦克风
2.后缀(1)动词转化为名词的后缀①-al 表示过程或状态 apprve→apprval 赞成survive→survival 幸存②-ance/-ence 表示行动或状况appear→appearance 出现; 外貌exist→existence 存在
③-in/-tin/-atin 表示状态或行为direct→directin 方向; 指导expect→expectatin 期待; 期望explain→explanatin 解释④-ment 表示行为或结果achieve→achievement 成就develp→develpment 发展argue→argument 争论; 论据
⑤-ure 表示行动或过程、结果等fail→failure 失败press→pressure压力expse→expsure 面临; 暴露⑥-y 表示……的动作(或过程)recver→recvery 恢复; 痊愈discver→discvery 发现
(2)形容词转化为名词的后缀①-age表示状态或状况、数量或费用shrt→shrtage不足; 短缺②-cy 表示具有……的状态(或性质)fluent→fluency 流利; 流畅accurate→accuracy 准确(性)private→privacy 隐私efficient→efficiency 效率
③-dm 表示状况或状态等free→freedm 自由wise→wisdm 智慧④-ness 表示……的性质(或状态、特点)dark→darkness 黑暗weak→weakness 虚弱kind→kindness 善良cld→cldness 冷淡; 冷漠aware→awareness 知道; 意识
⑤-th 表示动作或过程warm→warmth 温暖true→truth 真相deep→depth 深(度)⑥-y/-ity 表示性质或状态difficult→difficulty困难safe→safety 安全respnsible→respnsibility 责任
⑦-ent变为-ence, -ant变为-ancedifferent→difference 不同(之处)imprtant→imprtance 重要(性)
(3)名词或动词转化为形容词的后缀
技法2　利用构词法分辨同根词　 有些单词的相似度很高, 给考生的记忆带来了很大的困难。比较这些词汇, 对单词的记忆会起到事半功倍的效果。1.词义易错位, 如: imaginative(富于想象力的); imaginary (虚构的)。2.加前缀、后缀之后, 意义不同, 如: like(喜欢; 像);dislike(不喜欢); unlike(不像); likely(可能的)。3.貌似前后缀, 但并无 “血缘关系”, 如: whether(是否)与weather(天气); abard(上船、飞机等)与abrad(在国外)。
技法3　根据上下文推断熟词生义　 有些单词的某些词义比较常用, 而其他词义则比较生僻, 虽然这些词在教材中出现过, 但没有给出全部的汉语意思。在高考试卷中, 考生往往会遇到有些单词貌似熟悉, 但在阅读文章时却搞不清它们的意思的情况, 这就是熟词生义现象。
技法4　使用阅读技巧解决生词问题　 大量阅读、深度阅读、反复阅读是提高词汇量的重要手段。通过大量阅读, 我们能够在实际的语境中不断学习新词汇; 通过深度阅读, 我们能够掌握新词汇的正确表达方式; 通过反复阅读, 我们能够巩固学习过的词汇及其表达方式, 达到 “温故知新” 的目的。
在阅读时, 对于生词一般有如下两种处理方式: 1.不影响阅读的词汇——跳过去在阅读中遇到生词时, 不妨先问自己一个问题——这些生词有没有进行精确猜测的必要。高考试题中经常会出现一些生词, 即使不知道它们的精确含义也不会影响对基本句意的理解。对于这类词, 不要耗费过多精力, 尽管放心大胆地 “跳过去”。2.影响阅读的词汇——猜出来有时候, 一些生词(包括已经暂时遗忘的已经学过的单词)对阅读来说存在很大的障碍, 会影响我们对上下文的理解, 这时我们就必须弄清楚这些词的精确含义。对于这类词, 需要运用阅读技巧尽力 “猜出来”。
策略二　运用4招技法, 破解长难句
技法1　据谓语, 找主干　 一般情况下, 一个谓语形式的动词会有对应其动作的发出者(主语), 我们可以根据谓语动词来确定主语。而且, 如果一个句子中出现两个或两个以上的谓语动词, 则该句可能是并列句或复合句(并列谓语动词的情况除外)。例如: 【典例印证1】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷, D) The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) n emtin by emplyers, educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being.
技法剖析找谓语: 分析句子成分可知, 本句的主干句为 The mst psitive aspect is a new and much needed emphasis n emtin; 谓语为 is。找主语: 由谓语is可知, 主语为The mst psitive aspect。析成分: 此句为主系表结构。主语的中心词为 aspect; 谓语为is; 表语为a new and much needed emphasis n emtin;而by emplyers, educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being是介词短语做状语。句意: 这种普及的最积极的方面是雇主、教育工作者和其他对促进社会福利感兴趣的人在情感方面有一个全新的和迫切需要的重视。
【典例印证2】(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷, B) After high schl, Jennifer attended a lcal technical cllege, wrking t pay her tuitin(学费), because there was n extra mney set aside fr a cllege educatin. 技法剖析找谓语: 分析句子成分可知, 本句为一个主从复合句。主句为Jennifer attended a lcal technical cllege; 从句为because there was , because引导的是原因状语从句。主句谓语为attended; because引导的从句的谓语为was。找主语: 由主句谓语attended可知, 主句主语为Jennifer; 从句为一个there be句式, 因此主语在后面。
析成分: After high schl为时间状语; wrking t pay...为非谓语动词短语做状语修饰主句;在because引导的从句中, set aside fr a cllege educatin是动词-ed形式短语做定语修饰mney。句意: 高中毕业后, Jennifer去了当地的一家技术学院上学, (同时)打工挣钱交学费,因为她没有多余的钱用于大学教育。
技法2　提主干, 去枝叶　 一般情况下, 一个结构复杂的句子中主句所表达的信息为主要信息,状语和定语等所表达的信息为次要信息。若句子的主干提炼不出来, 就不能完全把握句子的核心意思, 从而导致思维混乱、主次不分。因此, 提炼句子主干是把握句子核心意思的关键。例如: 【典例印证1】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷, C) Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme.
技法剖析提主干: 句子主干为 Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund。去枝叶: 句中的不定式t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System做目的状语。that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme为定语从句。句意: 每枚鸭票中约98分直接进入候鸟保护基金, 用于购买湿地和野生动物栖息地, 纳入国家野生动物保护区系统——这确保了这片土地将得到保护,造福给子孙后代。
【典例印证2】(2021·全国乙卷, B) That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents, t the pint where we play a game and guess wh is calling befre we pick up the phne (using Caller ID wuld take the fun ut f it).技法剖析提主干: 句子主干为 the nly peple are ur Baby Bmers parents。去枝叶: 第一个wh 引导定语从句修饰主语 the nly peple; where... the phne 是由 where 引导的定语从句, 修饰pint, 此定语从句中又包含由wh 引导的宾语从句(wh is calling), 做guess 的宾语。句意: 话虽如此, 老实说, 唯一给我们家里座机打电话的人是生育高峰期出生的父母们, 以至于我们把接电话前猜是谁打来的当成了一种游戏(使用来电显示会失去这种乐趣)。
技法3　寻关联, 辨逻辑　 长句一般是由若干分句组成的并列句或复合句, 而这些并列句或复合句之间需要一些关联词来连接。如果我们找准这些关联词, 就能够弄清楚句与句之间的逻辑关系, 弄清楚主句的意义和各从句的意义, 这样长句就容易理解了。要掌握此方法必须对英语中常见的关联词熟记于心。例如: 【典例印证1】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷, D) Althugh the cntinuing ppular appeal f emtinal intelligence is desirable, we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study f emtin.
技法剖析提主干: 句子主干为 we hpe that...。寻关联, 辨逻辑: 此句为复合句, Althugh引导的是让步状语从句。主句we hpe that...中的that引导的是宾语从句。句意: 尽管情商持续受到大众的青睐是可取的, 但我们希望这种关注将激发人们对情感的科学和学术研究的更大兴趣。
【典例印证2】(2021·全国乙卷, B) Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it's nt really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket —19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies. 技法剖析提主干: 句子主干为a third cncede...。
寻关联, 辨逻辑: Of thse Australians wh still have a landline 为表示范围的状语,其中包含一个由wh 引导的定语从句, 修饰先行词 Australians; that 引导宾语从句; 破折号后的内容 19 percent say they never use it... emergencies 是对前面内容的进一步解释说明,里面的while 是并列连词, 用于对比其前后两句的内容。句意: 在那些仍然拥有座机的澳大利亚人中, 有三分之一承认这其实不是必需的, 他们将其作为一种安全保障——19%的人说他们从不使用座机, 另外有13%的人保留座机以防有紧急情况。
技法4　看搭配, 防分隔　 有时一个长句或难句是由一个或多个结构搭配构成的, 并且这些搭配中常常出现分隔现象。考生若受分隔现象的干扰看不清句子的“本来面目”, 那么对句意的理解就会发生偏差, 因此要明辨句中的搭配。例如: 【典例印证1】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷, C) The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, Iwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey.
技法剖析提主干: 本句主干为 The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling。寻关联, 辨逻辑: wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey为分隔式定语从句, 修饰先行词J.N. “Ding” Darling。看搭配, 防分隔: a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines , Iwa是J.N. “Ding” Darling的同位语。句意: 第一枚联邦鸭票是由J.N.“Ding” Darling设计的, 他是一位来自艾奥瓦州得梅因的政治漫画家, 他当时被富兰克林·罗斯福总统任命为生物调查局局长。
【典例印证2】(2020·全国Ⅰ卷, 完形填空) Then when they cme t ther drs in life, be they real r metaphrical, they wn't hesitate t pen them and walk thrugh.技法剖析提主干: 本句主干为 they wn't hesitate t pen them and walk thrugh。寻关联, 辨逻辑: when they cme t ther drs in life为时间状语从句。看搭配, 防分隔: be they real r metaphrical为插入语, 对ther drs进行补充说明; be they real r metaphrical 是一个倒装句, 结构为“be+主语+A r B”, 意为 “无论主语是A还是B”。句意: 然后, 当他们在人生中遇到其他门时, 无论是真实的还是隐喻性的, 他们都会毫不犹豫地打开它们并且走进去。
策略三　掌握4步解题流程,提升读文速度
【典例印证】(2020·全国Ⅲ卷, C) With the yung unable t affrd t leave hme and the ld at risk f islatin(孤独), mre families are chsing t live tgether. The drway t peace and quiet, fr Nick Bright at least, leads straight t his mther-in-law: she lives n the grund flr, while he lives upstairs with his wife and their tw daughters.
Fur years ag they all mved int a three-strey Victrian huse in Bristl—ne f a grwing number f multigeneratinal families in the UK living tgether under the same rf. They share a frnt dr and a washing machine, but Rita Whitehead has her wn kitchen, bathrm, bedrm and living rm n the grund flr. “We flated the idea t my mum f sharing a huse,”says Kathryn Whitehead. Rita cuts in:“We spke mre with Nick because I think it's a big thing fr Nick t live with his mther-in-law.”And what des Nick think? “Frm my standpint, it all seems t wrk very well. Wuld I recmmend it? Yes, I think I wuld.”
It's hard t tell exactly hw many peple agree with him, but research indicates that the numbers have been rising fr sme time. Official reprts suggest that the number f husehlds with three generatins living tgether had risen frm 325,000 in 2001 t 419,000 in 2013. Other varieties f multigeneratinal family are mre cmmn. Sme peple live with their elderly parents; many mre adult children are returning t the family hme, if they ever left. It is said that abut 20% f 25 t34-year-lds live with their parents, cmpared with 16% in 1991. The ttal number f all multigeneratinal husehlds in Britain is thught t be abut 1.8 millin.
Stries like that are mre cmmn in parts f the wrld where multigeneratinal living is mre firmly rted. In India, particularly utside cities, yung wmen are expected t mve in with their husband's family when they get married.
N.3　题型微技法•提升阅读 理解解题13大技法
高考阅读理解中的细节理解题要求考生对阅读材料中的某一具体事实或细节进行理解。有些问题考生可以直接从文中找到明确的答案, 有些则需要考生在理解的基础上将有关信息进行处理, 如计算、判断、比较等。细节理解题在高考试卷中占很大的比例, 尤其是在应用文、说明文和记叙文中, 更加侧重对细节理解题的考查。
细节理解题约占总题量的60%。细节理解题多数比较直接, 理解字面意思即可解答; 也有一些题目相对间接, 需要归纳总结才能解答。明确正确选项和干扰选项的特点, 是做好此类题目的关键。
技法1　直接信息题——题干关键词定位法　 直接信息题一般在文中能直接找到明确的信息, 往往只考查文章中的个别事实, 通常只涉及原文一两句话的信息。【解题微技能】
【典例印证】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷, D)
思维流程第一步: 定位区间1.抓关键: 题干中的关键词是misunderstanding f emtinal intelligence。2.锁信息: 根据关键词确定关键信息句为本段的第二句 “Many peple nw misunderstand emtinal intelligence as almst everything desirable in a persn's makeup that cannt be measured by an IQ test, such as character, mtivatin, cnfidence, mental stability, ptimism and 'peple skills'.”。
第三步: 确定答案根据以上分析可知答案为D项。
【对点微练习】A(2021·浙江温州3月适应性测试) ... It was after a clse family friend died f pancreatic cancer that Jack Andraka became interested in finding a better diagnstic test. Jack said the slutin came t him during his high schl bilgy class. He was secretly reading an article abut nantubes (纳米管) while the teacher was talking abut antibdies. Jack said the tw ideas came tgether in his head, and he thught he culd cmbine what the teacher was saying with what he knew abut nantubes t create an early detectin test fr pancreatic
Why did Jack decide t wrk n the diagnstic test?A.The existing test was nt widely wanted t win a prize in a science fair.C.A family friend died f pancreatic gt inspired in his high schl bilgy class.
答案 C　解析 根据题干关键词diagnstic test可确定关键句为此段的第一句 “It was after a clse family friend died f pancreatic cancer that Jack Andraka became interested in finding a better diagnstic test.”。由此可知, 正是在一位亲朋好友死于胰腺癌后, 他才开始对寻找更好的诊断测试感兴趣。故选C项。
B(2023·贵州毕节高三诊断性考试)Sme animals enjy playing just like humans d althugh researchers used t think that applied mstly t birds and mammals. An animal plays when it des smething that desn't seem t be cnstructive t its survival s it's nt abut fd r shelter, fr instance. The behaviur is als ften dne again and f the fllwing best describes the animals' behaviur?
答案 B解析 根据题干中的关键词the animals' behaviur可定位至此段的“An animal plays when it des smething that desn't seem t be cnstructive t its survival s it's nt abut fd r shelter, fr instance. The behaviur is als ften dne again and again.”。由此可知, 动物的这种行为是反复(again and again)发生的, 也就是重复的。 repeated意为“重复的”。故选B项。
技法2　间接信息题——断章取义法　 间接信息题一般无法在文中直接找到明确的信息,这就要求考生在理解的基础上, 将原文信息进行加工或整理后得出结论。[正确选项特征](1)同义或近义词(组)复现。(2)同根词或原词复现。(3)语言简化(简化原文中的复杂语言现象, 并将其设置为答案)。(4)反义词复现(将原文中的意思反过来表达)。
[干扰项特征](1)张冠李戴。(2)无中生有。(3)颠倒是非。(4)正误参半。
【典例印证】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷, A)
思维流程第一步: 定位区间1.抓关键: 题干中的关键词是Htel and Hstel Des Artistes。2.锁信息: 根据关键词在文中找到信息源——Hwever, yu need t pay 2 eurs a day fr Wi-Fi.。由此可知, Htel and Hstel Des Artistes的缺点是Wi-Fi收费。
第三步: 确定答案根据以上分析可知答案为C项。
【对点微练习】A(2023·广西桂林高三诊断性考试)...“Seeing these special families and special children, I realised the imprtance f rural educatin, and it is ne f the majr reasns why I have stuck arund all these years,” says Cheng, wh als grew up in mainly makes Cheng stay in the rural schl fr many years?A.Attaching imprtance t rural beautiful rural his anther children t cme t schl.
答案 A解析 根据题干中的关键词rural schl和fr many years可定位至本段的“I realised the imprtance f rural educatin, and it is ne f the majr reasns why I have stuck arund all these years(我意识到农村教育的重要性, 这也是我这些年坚持在这里的主要原因之一)”, 根据realised the imprtance f rural educatin可知, Cheng在农村学校待了许多年的原因是因为Cheng重视农村教育。故选A项。
B(2021·广东深圳二模) fundatin is nly part f a bigger plan fr this ecnmic and cultural centre in China. Alng the Huangpu River, a massive waterfrnt art area is being built. Shanghai hpes t play a larger rle in the glbal art industry in the cming
What is Shanghai's bigger plan fr the area?A.T imprve its influence in bring up mre traditinal strengthen its ecnmic mix mdern and histric elements.
答案 A　解析 根据题干关键词bigger plan可定位至本段的 “Shanghai hpes t play a larger rle in the glbal art industry in the cming years.”。由此可知, 上海希望未来几年在全球艺术产业中发挥更大的作用。play a larger rle意为 “发挥更大作用”, 与A项的imprve its influence 为同义表达。故选A项。
技法3　数字计算题——查读分析法　 这类题可能会涉及时间、年龄、价钱、数量、距离等的简单计算, 计算量一般都比较小。但是英语阅读中的数字计算题必须要找出计算背后所隐含的信息。这些隐含的信息会涉及对某个难句的理解,从这个角度来讲, 理解文中对应的复杂句是解答这类题目的关键。[命题方式]以when, in which year, hw many/much等疑问词(组)开头引出问题。[注意事项]1.此类题目易出现的特殊数词: decade十年; frtnight两周; duble两倍; cuple一对; scre二十; dzen十二。2.此类题目易出现的特殊词汇: ff减价的; discunt 折扣。
【典例印证】(2021·全国乙卷, A)
思维流程第一步: 定位区间1.抓关键: 题干中的关键词是Circus Maximus。2.锁信息: 用Circus Maximus寻读, 在文中找到信息源——Hwever, that was small fry cmpared with the city's Circus Maximus, which accmmdated arund 250,000 peple.。
第三步: 确定答案根据以上分析可知答案为D项。
【对点微练习】A(2021·北京西城区统一测试) PRICES
Hw much shuld a cuple with a 5-year-ld child wh wuld like t wn a Van Ggh cushin at least pay fr the visit?A.$109.98.B.$$159.98.D.$199.98.
答案 B　解析 根据题干的 a cuple with a 5-year-ld child wh wuld like t wn a Van Ggh cushin 可知, 一共有两个成人和一个五岁的小孩。结合表格中的 “Ages 6-16 (children 5 and under d nt require a ticket)” 可知, 五岁以下的小孩不需要门票。题干中还提到wn a Van Ggh cushin, 根据表格第一行可知, 想要得到一个Van Ggh cushin, 必须其中一人购买VIP TICKETS, 即需要$99.99。另一个人只需要购买BASIC TICKETS, 即需要$54.99, 因此, 至少需要$154.98。故选B项。
B(2021·湖北武汉3月质检)'s time fr ur fall talent shw t be held at the Middle Schl Little Theatre n Friday, Nv.13th. If there are t many acts fr ne shw, an additinal perfrmance will be added tw days befre the will pssible additinal perfrmances be added?A.Octber 9th. B.Nvember 11th.D.Octber 7th.
答案 C　解析 根据本段 “It's time fr ur fall talent shw t be held at the Middle Schl Little Theatre n Friday, Nv.13th. If there are t many acts fr ne shw, an additinal perfrmance will be added tw days befre the shw.” 可知, 秋季才艺表演将于11月13日星期五举行。如果一场演出的表演过多, 将在演出的前两天增加一场演出。才艺表演的演出时间为11月13日, 那么额外增加的表演时间应该在11月11日。故选C项。
推理判断题主要考查考生在理解原文字面意义的基础上, 由里及外, 结合常识, 对语篇逻辑关系和细节暗示等进行分析、推理和判断的能力。考生需要从整体上把握语篇内容, 透过字里行间, 体会作者的 “言外之意” 和 “弦外之音”。推理判断题属于较高层次的阅读理解题。
技法1　写作意图题——写作文体法　 写作意图推断题要求考生根据文章内容, 揣测作者的写作目的。作者一般不直接陈述自己的意图, 而是通过文章所提供的事实, 客观地使读者信服某种想法或观点。 高考中既可能考查文章的写作目的, 也可能考查某处细节的写作意图。
【典例印证】(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷, C) In the mid-1990s,Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind. A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.
His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that. Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea: Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea. It is the stry f an American travelling t a strange land, and f the peple he meets n his way: Rustam, his translatr, a lvely 24-year-ld wh picked up his clrful English in Califrnia, Oleg and Natasha, his hsts in Tashkent, and a string f freign aid
What is the purpse f this text?A.T intrduce a explain a cultural remember a recmmend a travel destinatin.
思维流程第一步: 通读全文, 确定文体本文是一篇说明文。文章开头引出了Tm Bissell写书的背景, 从第二段到最后一段分别介绍了这本书的概要、主要内容以及对这本书的评价。第二步: 根据写作手法, 寻找关键信息第一段通过介绍Tm Bissell想写一篇有关咸海消失的文章引出第二段开头的主旨句, 即结果不只是写了一篇文章, 而是写了一本关于其陆路旅行见闻的书。
第四步: 确定答案根据以上分析可知答案为A项。
【对点微练习】A(2023·贵州毕节高三诊断性考试), scientists have nw cnducted experiments that seems t prve bees play t. As far as the experts knw, bees are the nly insect t d was the purpse f the experiments?A.T shw the balls were shw the bees enjy shw the bees enjy shw the balls were imprtant.
答案 C解析 根据题干中的重要信息experiments和purpse可定位至本段的“ have nw cnducted experiments that seems t prve bees play t(科学家们现已进行了实验, 似乎证明蜜蜂也会玩)”。由此可知, 这些实验的目的是为了证明蜜蜂也喜欢玩耍。 故选C项。
B(2021·山东滨州一模)A sheet f transparent new material at a lab lks like plastic. But it's actually wd—and it culd eventually be used t make energy-efficient windws r even see-thrugh buildings.Cmpared t glass, wd has lwer thermal have experimented with transparent wd in the past, but the new methd is mre transparent wd is 50% strnger than previus transparent wd...
What's the purpse f the text?A.T cmmercialise the transparent prmte a new building material raise the public awareness f envirnmental intrduce the transparent wd, a new cnstructin material.
答案 D　解析 本文是一篇说明文, 主要介绍了一种新型建筑材料——透明木头。文章开头提到, 一片看起来像塑料的新材料实际上是木头。最终这种材料可能被用来制造节能窗户, 甚至是透明建筑。从第二段开始介绍了这种新型建筑材料的环保性、可持续性、坚固性等。故选D项。
技法2　观点态度题——关键词句法　 观点态度推断题的题干中常用到attitude, pinin等标志词, 主要考查以下两个方面: (1)作者对某件事的观点和态度; (2)文中人物对某件事的观点和态度。
【解题微技能】1.掌握表达观点态度的关键词文章作者或者文中人物对某事所持的观点和态度往往隐含在字里行间或者流露于修饰词之中, 这就要求考生注意文章作者或者文中人物的措辞。作者或者文中人物的观点和态度一般有以下几类:
2.寻找表达观点态度的关键信息(1)根据首段或者末段的首尾句, 往往能确定文章主题, 判断作者的观点和态度。(2)but后的语言往往是表达作者或者文中人物观点和态度的关键信息。(3)作者所举的例子或者所引用的话语, 也往往用来表达作者或文中人物的态度或倾向。(4)文章语言中隐含的褒贬话语, 也是判断作者态度的关键信息。
【典例印证】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷, D) ppular beliefs regarding emtinal intelligence run far ahead f what research can reasnably supprt, the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful. The mst psitive aspect f this ppularizatin is a new and much needed emphasis (重视) n emtin by emplyers, educatrs and thers interested in prmting scial well-being. The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers re-evaluate the functinality f emtins and hw they serve peple adaptively in everyday
What is the authr's attitude t the ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence?A.Favrable.　　　　　 D.Unclear.
思维流程第一步: 明确题干的关键词题干中的关键词为the authr's attitude, 表明这里问的是作者的态度。第二步: 寻找文中关键信息根据此段的 “... the verall effects f the publicity have been mre beneficial than harmful.” 及 “The ppularizatin f emtinal intelligence has helped bth the public and researchers...” 可知, 作者认为情商普及对人们是有利的。句中的mre beneficial, has helped都是表达 “赞成” 的关键词。
第四步: 确定答案根据以上分析可知答案为 A项。
【对点微练习】A(2023·广西北海高三一模)...“Yu just dn't find sft, flexible, thread-like materials that are cmfrtable t the tuch, that yu can wrk with, that yu can build a bridge ut f it r yu can build a pwer line ut f it, but yu can als run it thrugh a sewing machine,” said Oliver Dewy, a member f the research team.“Nthing else behaves like this.”What's Oliver Dewy's attitude t this new material?A.Favrable.B.Dubtful.C.Unclear.D.Critical.
答案 A解析 根据该段中的“cmfrtable t the tuch”“yu can build a bridge ut f it r yu can build a pwer line ut f it, but yu can als run it thrugh a sewing machine” “Nthing else behaves like this.”判断, 作者对这种新材料是喜欢和支持的。故选A项。favrable“赞成的, 支持的”; dubtful “怀疑的”; unclear“不清晰的”; critical“批判的,重要的”。
B(2021·山东潍坊一模) have a fndness fr plus-size prtins, plus-size clthing and media that have plus signs in their names. Mercifully, the plus thing hasn't yet reached mre imprtant aspects f ur lives.What's the authr's attitude twards the trend?A.Objective.D.Skeptical.
答案 B　解析 根据本段的 “Mercifully, the plus thing hasn't yet reached mre imprtant aspects f ur lives.” 可知, 幸运的是, 这件事还没有影响到我们生活中更重要的方面。由此可推断, 作者对这一趋势持批判态度。故选B项。
技法3　隐含信息题——3步推断法　 隐含信息推断题主要考查考生对某些特定信息、上下文逻辑关系等进行准确理解的能力。考生要读懂这些 “言外之意”和 “弦外之音”。此类题目的题干中常出现infer, imply, indicate, cnclude, suggest等词汇。
【典例印证】(2021·全国乙卷, D)During an interview fr ne f my bks, my interviewer said smething I still think abut ften. Annyed by the level f distractin (干扰) in his pen ffice, he said, “That's why I have a membership at the cwrking space acrss the street—s I can fcus”. His cmment struck me as strange. After all, cwrking spaces als typically use an pen ffice layut (布局). But I recently came acrss a study that shws why his apprach
What can we infer abut the authr frm the text?A.He's a news 's an ffice 's a prfessinal 's a published writer.
思维流程第一步: 提炼题干中的关键词, 定位信息题干的关键词是 infer和 the authr, 进而得知此题要求我们推断作者的身份。第二步: 寻找文中关键信息根据此段第一句 “During an interview fr ne f my bks, my interviewer said smething I still think abut ften.” 可知, 作者提到有人采访自己的书。由此可以推断, 作者是一位作家。
第四步: 确定答案根据以上分析可知答案为D项。
【对点微练习】A(2021·山东潍坊一模) if yu start fcusing n what yu're wrking n, and then yu lk up at the timer and tw minutes has passed, yu may feel like yu can't hld n. And just let the thught g by, and return yur fcus t whatever yu are wrking n. And when that 25 minutes is up yu relax a little bit. Yu might wnder why that 25 minutes is the magic number, and the reality is we dn't really knw. There's nt a lt f research n the Pmdr technique, which is surprising because it's s incredibly ppular and peple find it very
What can be inferred abut the Pmdr technique frm paragraph 2?A.The first tw minutes is minutes is a magic research is arund the may get discuraged when using it.
答案 D　解析 根据本段的 “Nw if yu start fcusing n what yu're wrking n, and then yu lk up at the timer and tw minutes has passed, yu may feel like yu can't hld n.” 可知,如果你现在开始专注工作, 之后你抬头看计时器, 两分钟过去了,你可能会觉得自己撑不住了。由此可以推知, 使用这种技巧时你可能会感到沮丧。D项中的get discuraged与原文中的 can't hld n 相吻合。故选D项。
B(2021·全国百强 “领军考试”) ne said parenting was easy, but it can be less unbearable if yu let g f sme cntrl, teach yur kids t d things independently, and trust them t self-regulate. Everyne cmes ut happier in the end.What can be inferred frm the last paragraph?A.Parenting has been the tughest jb since ancient parents t self-regulate may be f great cntrl may lead t a harmnius parent-child shuld be taught t things all by themselves t grw up.
答案 C　解析 根据本段 “N ne said parenting was easy, but it can be less unbearable if yu let g f sme cntrl, teach yur kids t d things independently, and trust them t self-regulate. Everyne cmes ut happier in the end.” 可知, 如果你放弃一些控制权, 教你的孩子独立做事, 并相信他们能自我调节, 这就不会那么难以忍受了, 最后每个人都很开心。由此可以推知, 较少的控制可能会促成和谐的亲子关系。故选C项。
技法4　文章出处/类别题或者读者身份题——对号入座法　 推测文章的来源或者读者对象要求考生本身具备一定的常识。比如考生本身要对报纸、杂志、科普作品、小说、广告、说明书、旅游指南等有基本的了解, 这样才能根据文章的特点对号入座。这类题目的题干中常出现的关键词有 be intended fr, be taken frm, cme frm, be fund in等。
【典例印证】(2021·全国甲卷, A)Take a view, the Landscape (风景) Phtgrapher f the Year Award, was the idea f Charlie Waite, ne f tday's mst respected landscape phtgraphers. Each year, the high standard f entries has shwn that the Awards are the perfect platfrm t shwcase the very best phtgraphy f the British landscape. Take a view is a desirable annual cmpetitin fr phtgraphers frm all crners f the UK and beynd.
can the text be fund?A.In a histry bk.　　B.In a an art magazine. D.In a bigraphy.
思维流程第一步: 确定文体本文是应用文。第二步: 综合分析根据第一段可知, 每年参赛作品的高水准表明了该奖项是展示英国最佳风景摄影作品的完美平台。结合下文对两位获奖者及其作品的介绍可知, 这篇文章主要介绍了Take a view以及获奖的相关情况, 因此本文最可能出现在一本艺术杂志上。
第四步: 确定答案根据以上分析可知答案为C项。
【对点微练习】A(2022·山东济南下学期期中考试)Hw t Use the Resume Builder n Jb BankPick a template (模板)After yu create a standard accunt n Jb Bank, just access the Resume Builder. T build yur first resume, pick frm ne f the tw templates currently available. Yu shuld chse the resume template that best reflects yur current situatin.
Fill in the yur a resume that will land yu a jb interview. All f the abve is free. Jin us and build yur wn resume.
What type f writing is this text?A.An art shw fficial reprt.
答案 C　解析 根据文章整体结构,并结合最后一段的“Jin us and build yur wn resume. (加入我们并建立你自己的简历。)”可知,本文作者想要吸引更多的用户使用他们网站的简历制作工具。由此推测,本篇文章是一则广告。故选C项。
B(2021·山东滨州一模)Hw t Becme a Lndn Blue Badge Turist GuideT becme a registered Blue Badge Turist Guide wrking in Lndn, yu will need t take a curse and gain accreditatin frm the Institute f Turist Guiding.The fr the Curse...
What kind f text is it?A.A reprt. B.A ntice.C.A travel brchure.D.An advertisement.
答案 D　解析 根据文章第一段可知, 要成为一名在伦敦工作的注册Blue Badge Turist Guide, 你需要参加一门课程并获得导游学院的认证。接下来,文章用四个有小标题的段落对这门课程进行了详细的介绍。由此可以推知, 这篇文章是一则广告。故选D项。
主旨大意题考查的是考生对文章内容的整体理解, 要求考生对文章主旨或者段落大意有清晰的认识。此类题目常涉及主旨大意和标题归纳, 其中主旨大意题一般有概括文章大意和段落大意两种形式。
技法1　文章大意题——利用写作手法　 此类题目考查考生对全文的把握程度, 考生要在理解全文的基础上对文章内容进行高度概括或者总结归纳。正确选项的特点是涵盖性强, 可以覆盖全文内容; 而以偏概全、无中生有的内容, 都不会是文章的主旨。
【典例印证】(2020·全国Ⅱ卷, B)Sme parents will buy any high-tech ty if they think it will help their child, but researchers said puzzles help children with math-related skills. Psychlgist Susan Levine, an expert n mathematics develpment in yung children at the University f Chicag, fund children wh play with puzzles between ages 2 and 4 later develp better spatial skills. Puzzle play was fund t be a significant predictr f cgnitin(认知) after cntrlling fr differences in parents' incme, educatin and the amunt f parent talk, Levine said.
The researchers analyzed vide recrdings f 53 child-parent pairs during everyday activities at hme and fund children wh play with puzzles between 26 and 46 mnths f age have better spatial skills when assessed at 54 mnths f age. “The children wh played with puzzles perfrmed better than thse wh did nt, n tasks that assessed their ability t rtate(旋转) and translate shapes,”Levine said in a statement.
The parents were asked t interact with their children as they nrmally wuld, and abut half f the children in the study played with puzzles at ne time. Higher-incme parents tended t have children play with puzzles mre frequently, and bth bys and girls wh played with puzzles had better spatial skills. Hwever, bys tended t play with mre cmplex puzzles than girls, and the parents f bys prvided mre spatial language and were mre active during puzzle play than the parents f girls. The findings were published in the jurnal Develpmental Science.
What is the text mainly abut?A.A mathematical methd.B.A scientific study.C.A wman psychlgist.D.A teaching prgram.
思维流程第一步: 锁定主题句主题句在文末,也就是在最后一段——The findings were published in the jurnal Develpmental Science.。这个研究结果发表在了一本杂志上, 因此这篇文章主要讲述了一项科学研究。第二步: 综合分析第一段首先提出一个现象, 然后利用转折连词but引出研究结果, 即玩拼图游戏能帮助孩子提高与数学相关的技巧。 第二到五段是研究过程; 最后一段得出研究结论。
第四步: 确定答案根据以上分析可知答案为B项。
【对点微练习】A(2021·福建福州6月适应性练习)What abut yur emtins? Hw d they help yu t understand what yu are reading?In Jane Ylan's Owl Mn, a girl explres with her father n a snwy night. She lngs fr this special night. And she's amazed when she sees an wl. Have yu felt lnging befre? Amazement? Well, if yu have, it helps yu have a sense f agreement. When we can put urselves inside a stry we can understand it better. Our brain tells us, “Oh, this girl's experience is a bit like mine.” We can relate t her. But this skill is nt natural. S yung kids have t learn it.
Pictures and images help yung readers t understand and recgnise feelings. Readers feel jy when seeing the smiling faces f friends. They feel fear when turning the page t find a scary mnster. They are just pictures, but the feelings are real. This skill, t understand the thinking and feeling f thers, is what researchers call “thery f mind”. ...
But mst yung readers dn't g int deep, scary wds. And sme may nt g t the beach r play basketball. In the bk Y!Yes? tw kids meet and play ball ... Sme yung readers might nt play basketball, but they can read the clues n the page t figure ut hw the kids are feeling. And sme readers might nt like the game, but they can feel excited fr the characters.
What is the text mainly abut?A.Hw thinking influences reading. B.Hw readers imprve reading skills. C.Hw emtins help enhance reading. D.Hw kids figure ut the clues f stries.
答案 C　解析 本文是一篇说明文。通读全文可以看出,文章首段就包含文章主旨。根据首段 “What abut yur emtins? Hw d they help yu t understand what yu are reading?” 可知, 本文主要讲述了情绪如何帮助我们理解故事。故选C项。
B (2023·贵州毕节高三诊断性考试) Cheng Feng is a teacher in a rural primary schl. Yet, t many f her students, the 33-year-ld is mre than that. Cheng's care fr her rural students has extended beynd the classrm and makes her a mther figure t them all. During the just past summer vacatin, Cheng didn't take time ff but paid hme visits t rural students f the Liling Primary Schl, which is nestled in the muntains mre than 120 kilmetres frm the central area f Pyang Cunty, Jiangxi Prvince.
Mst students have been left behind by their parents, wh have t g t wrk far away frm hme, and they are lked after by their grandparents. ... After learning that ne f her students, Tan Yeting, and her brther, were just scraping by n the lw incme f their grandparents' handmade brm business, Cheng wuld pay regular visits t Tan's hme.  She wuld walk the tw children thrugh their hmewrk assignment, enjy beautiful rural scenery with them and cut their hair. These interactins have helped bth children grw in cnfidence and shake ff their timid nature at schl.
She als helped t imprve the teaching facilities and infrastructure in the schl, and went ut f her way t persuade them t cme t schl. Thanks t her effrts, apprximately 200 children in the neighburhd have been able t enjy better educatin.
What is the text mainly abut?A.A mther fr better students.D.A devted rural educatr.
答案 D解析 根据文章第一段“Cheng Feng is a teacher in a rural primary schl. Yet, t many f her students, the 33-year-ld is mre than that. Cheng's care fr her rural students has extended beynd the classrm and makes her a mther figure t them all.”以及文章其他段落的内容可知, 文章主要讲的是乡村教师Cheng Feng投身于乡村教育的感人故事, 所以D项“A devted rural educatr(一位有奉献精神的农村教育工作者)”最能够概括文章的主要内容。故选D项。
技法2　标题归纳题——3大特点4个技巧归纳法　 文章标题的特点是短小精悍、简洁醒目、概括性强。标题归纳题和主旨大意题一样, 都是考查考生对文章的整体把握和深层理解的能力。从选项上看, 文章主旨大意题往往是一句话,而标题归纳题可以是一个短语, 也可以是一句话。
【典例印证】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷, C) When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl(水禽) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat(栖息地).
In 1934, with the passage f the Migratry Bird Hunting Stamp Act(Act), an increasingly cncerned natin tk firm actin t stp the destructin f migratry(迁徙的) waterfwl and the wetlands s vital t their survival. Under this Act, all waterfwl hunters 16 years f age and ver must annually purchase and carry a Federal Duck Stamp. The very first Federal Duck Stamp was designed by J.N. “Ding” Darling, a plitical cartnist frm Des Mines, Iwa, wh at that time was appinted by President Franklin Rsevelt as Directr f the Bureau f Bilgical Survey. Hunters willingly pay the stamp price t ensure the survival f ur natural resurces.
Abut 98 cents f every duck stamp dllar ges directly int the Migratry Bird Cnservatin Fund t purchase wetlands and wildlife habitat fr inclusin int the Natinal Wildlife Refuge System—a fact that ensures this land will be prtected and available fr all generatins t cme. Since 1934, better than half a billin dllars has gne int that Fund t purchase mre than 5 millin acres f habitat. Little wnder the Federal Duck Stamp Prgram has been called ne f the mst successful cnservatin prgrams ever initiated.
Which f the fllwing is a suitable title fr the text?A.The Federal Duck Stamp StryB.The Natinal Wildlife Refuge SystemC.The Benefits f Saving WaterfwlD.The Histry f Migratry Bird Hunting
思维流程第一步:提炼题干中的关键信息题干中的关键信息是a suitable title fr the text, 由此得知, 本题考查对文章的整体把握和深层理解。第二步: 串联细节第一段讲述北美水禽骤减; 第二段讲述美国为此发行了鸭票, 狩猎者只有购买了鸭票才能狩猎; 第三段讲述卖鸭票的部分收入用于购买水禽的栖息地, 从而保护了水禽。故可推知, A项最具有概括性。
【对点微练习】A(2021·四川成都高三第三次诊断性检测) A small bwl bught at a yard sale in Cnnecticut fr just $35 has been identified as a rare 15th-century Chinese antique. The blue-and-white bwl was made during the Ming Dynasty. It was expected t sell fr up t $500,000, accrding t Stheby's auctin(拍卖)huse in New Yrk.
The purchase was made near New Haven, Cnnecticut. “I was just hanging arund there aimlessly. But when I saw this bwl, I didn't even bargain ver the $35 asking price,” the wner said. Shrtly after the purchase, he sent phts f the bwl t auctin specialists, wh identified it as an item f histrical significance. ... “I was deeply attracted by the techniques. Yu can see why this bwl is s highly-valued frm the very smth prcelain bdy and special blue cluring, which were never reprduced in later dynasties,” McAteer, an auctin specialist said. ...
What's the best title f the text?A.An Amazing BwlB.A Special Yard SaleC.Ming DynastyD.A Man Making Frtune
答案 A　解析 本文的首段为导语, 也是本文的主旨。根据第一段 “A small bwl bught at a yard sale in Cnnecticut fr just $35 has been identified as a rare 15th-century Chinese antique.” 可知, 一只以35美元购得的小碗被认定是一件罕见的15世纪的中国古董。由此可知, “一只令人震惊的碗” 最适合做本文标题。故选A项。
B (2023·广西北海高三一模) When I was a teenager, I knew nthing abut mental health and I didn't care abut mental health. Why wuld I? Like my dad always used t say, “If it isn't brken, dn't fix it!” But, unfrtunately my mental health did “break”. Aged 17 I develped anrexia(神经厌食症). I didn't realise at the time. When I was 23, I was fund severely clinically anrexic. I had fast-tracked treatment at the Maudsley Hspital and went thrugh 2.5 years f treatment. Peple are always interested t knw what helped me recver. Actually, it was simple: cmedy.
I'm a prfessinal talk shw actr. Cmedy, fr me, began as a hbby and has unbelievably prgressed int a jb. One f the things that initially held my attentin abut talk shw is hw it plays with pain. Humur became a way f understanding things, then a way f explaining them. Nw it's becme a way f helping ther peple. The cmbinatin f being tld t speak ut abut mental health and writing cmedies t play jkes n myself, actually turned int the best type f treatment I culd ever have had.Nthing has ever really helped nrmalise a thught r feeling quite like a jke that makes peple penly say, “Me t!”
That's why I've cme up with a six-week cmedy curse aimed at peple with mental health difficulties. It builds lasting friendships, fights against lneliness and nrmalises cnversatins arund mental health; when audiences are laughing, they have t be listening, and when they're listening, they can learn. This unique pprtunity enables cmedy t reach peple in a cmpletely different way t all the sb stries, shcking statistics and dry dcumentaries(纪录片) abut mental illness, inspiring with psitivity rather than turning t negativity. Talk shw was a must t my recvery. S, I want t pay that frward and shw ther peple that yur mental health desn't have t be “brken” befre yu can “fix” it.
Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text?A.My life is full f talk shwB.Mental health shuld be fixed earlierC.Humrus lifestyle—a key t curing urselvesD.Talk shw—an efficient way t fix mental health
答案 D解析 通读全文可知, 本篇文章主要讲述了作者通过脱口秀治愈了自己神经厌食症的经历, 由此说明了脱口秀是治疗心理健康问题的有效方式。 故选D项。
技法3　段落大意题——段落框架法　 段落大意题考查对段落的基本内容进行概括总结的能力。总结段落大意, 就是用明确、完整、简洁的语句将段落的意思表达出来。正确选项的特点是涵盖性强, 可覆盖整个段落的内容。
【典例印证】 (2021·新高考Ⅰ卷, D) the cntinuing ppular appeal f emtinal intelligence is desirable,we hpe that such attentin will excite a greater interest in the scientific and schlarly study f emtin. It is ur hpe that in cming decades, advances in science will ffer new perspectives (视角) frm which t study hw peple manage their lives. Emtinal intelligence, with its fcus n bth head and heart, may serve t pint us in the right directin.
What des the last paragraph mainly talk abut cncerning emtinal intelligence?A.Its appeal t the fr future practical with new perspectives.
思维流程第一步: 确定段落结构通读本段可知, 此段为 “分—总—分” 结构。第二步: 确定关键词根据本段的 “ hpe that such attentin will excite... study f emtin.It is ur hpe that... hw peple manage their lives.” 可知, 我们希望在未来的几十年里, 科学的进步将为研究人们如何管理自己的生活提供新的视角。根据其中的关键词we hpe, will excite, It is ur hpe that及作者的语气可推知,本段主要讲了对未来(情商)研究的期望。
第四步: 确定答案根据以上分析可知答案为B项。
【对点微练习】A(2023·山东日照高三一模) Cherkee Natin nce spread acrss what is nw Gergia, Nrth Carlina, Tennessee and Alabama. In 1838, the tribe was frcibly relcated t present-day Oklahma—in what was later knwn as the “Trail f Tears”. Thrugh sickness and terrible travel cnditins, nearly 4,000 Cherkee peple died during the frced remval frm their hmeland. Sme Cherkee managed t avid relcatin t Oklahma by ging int hiding, including n Kuwahi. “We're here tday because ur ancestrs hid in thse muntains, specifically in Kuwahi, ”Hill
What is paragraph 2 mainly abut?A.The sad histry f the Cherkee sheltering place fr the Cherkee causes f the decrease f the Cherkee travelling rute f the ancient Cherkee Natin.
答案 A解析 根据本段的“In 1838, the tribe was frcibly relcated t present-day Oklahma—in what was later knwn as the 'Trail f Tears'”; “ 4,000 Cherkee peple died during the frced remval frm their hmeland.”; “Sme Cherkee managed t avid relcatin t Oklahma by ging int hiding...”可以看出, Cherkee Natin是一个被迫迁移历尽艰辛得以存活至今的民族, 所以该段主要讲的是他们的苦难历史。 故选A项。
B(2021·山东潍坊一模), which are released frm tear tubes, frm a film ver the eye that's cmpsed f three ingredients: mucus, water, and il. The mucus cats the eyes' surface and helps t attach the film t the eye, the water is a natural salty slutin cntaining crucial prteins and minerals, and the il prevents the eye frm drying
What is paragraph 3 mainly abut?A.The surce f cmpsitin f classificatin f definitin f tears.
答案 B　解析 根据第三段第一句可知, 眼泪从泪管中释放出来, 在眼睛上形成一层膜, 这种膜由三种成分组成。后面介绍了这三种成分的作用。所以本段的主题句在句首, 主要讲述了眼泪的成分。故选B项。
词句猜测题考查考生根据上下文猜测单词、短语或者句子的能力, 是一个从 “已知” 信息猜测 “未知” 内容的过程。词义猜测题除了涉及实词外, 还会考查代词的指代对象; 句意猜测题考查的通常是一个具有概括性的句子的意思, 要求考生通过阅读文章, 结合上下文, 用合适的语句对其进行直接或者解释性的描述。
技法1　词语猜测题——利用构词法和语境　 词语猜测题在每套题中通常只有一个小题, 少有考查两个的情况。这类题的考查主要涉及超纲词汇或者短语、熟词生义、陌生的派生词或者合成词及有特殊意义的词块。
【典例印证】(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷, C)When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America, the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife. Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely. Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces. Millins f waterfwl (水禽) were killed at the hands f market hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen. Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the ever-increasing ppulatins, greatly reducing waterfwl habitat(栖息地)
What des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean in the first paragraph?A.Acquire.　　　　　　　 D.Distribute.
思维流程第一步: 定位到画线词所在的句子Unfrtunately, it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces.第二步: 结合语境根据前一句 “Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely.” 可知, 美洲土著居民将这些珍贵的自然资源保护得很好, 又根据画线词所在句中的Unfrtunately可知, 本句与上一句形成了转折。由此推知, 本句是在阐述移民者做得不好的地方, 即移民者破坏了这些自然资源, 故画线词意思是 “破坏”。
【对点微练习】A(2023·贵州毕节高三诊断性考试) learning that ne f her students, Tan Yeting, and her brther, were just scraping by n the lw incme f their grandparents' handmade brm business, Cheng wuld pay regular visits t Tan's hme.  f the fllwing best explains “scraping by n” underlined in paragraph 5?A.Hlding n. B.Living n. C.Spending n.D.Taking n.
答案 B解析 根据画线短语后面的“the lw incme f their grandparents' handmade brm business”可知,此处指Tan Yeting和她的兄弟靠祖父母手工扫帚生意的微薄收入生活。 由此可推知,此处画线短语“scraping by n”应与B项Living n(以……为生)的意思相近。故选B项。
B(2021·山东青岛高三调研) trained with his natinal teammates in the United States fr fur mnths during the winter. Accrding t his riginal plan, he was due t take part in a series f utdr races in Eurpe t tune up fr the Games. That was until the pandemic changed everything.  f the fllwing can best replace the underlined phrase “tune up” in paragraph 4?A.Make up.B.Lng. C.Leave.D.Prepare.
答案 D　解析 根据画线短语的上文 “Accrding t his riginal plan, he was due t take part in a series f utdr races in Eurpe t ...” 及后文 fr the Games 可知, 谢最初的计划是他将在欧洲参加一系列的户外比赛, 为奥运会做准备。因此, 画线短语意为 “准备”。故选D项。
技法2　代词指代题——利用就近原则　 代词指代题主要考查文中的指示代词、人称代词、不定代词等所指代的内容。
【典例印证】(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷, C)In the mid-1990s, Tm Bissell taught English as a vlunteer in Uzbekistan. He left after seven mnths, physically brken and having lst his mind. A few years later, still attracted t the cuntry, he returned t Uzbekistan t write an article abut the disappearance f the Aral Sea.His visit, hwever, ended up invlving a lt mre than that. Hence this bk, Chasing the Sea: Lst Amng the Ghsts f Empire in Central Asia, which talks abut a rad trip frm Tashkent t Karakalpakstan, where millins f lives have been destryed by the slw drying up f the sea...
What des the underlined wrd “that” in paragraph 2 refer t?A.Develping a serius mental a guided tur in Central as a vlunteer in an article abut the Aral Sea.
思维流程第一步: 确定位置分析句子可知, 第二段中的画线词that指代前文提到的内容。第二步: 明确含义第一段作者开门见山, 提到Tm Bissell回到乌兹别克斯坦想写一篇关于咸海消失的文章。。第二段介绍他此行收获的远远超越了这个。这里就是that所指代的内容, 即上文中提到的Tm Bissell回到乌兹别克斯坦所写的一篇关于咸海消失的文章。
第三步: 代入替换将内容代入之后, 会发现此处呼应了上文, 并且与下文他出版了一本书的语境相吻合。第四步: 确定答案根据以上分析可知答案为D项。
【对点微练习】A(2021·山东淄博三模) researchers als accunted fr the influence f ne variable(变量) n anther, such as wind speed n sea surface temperature. This influence is well understd and accunted fr in climate predictins and in weather frecasts, but it has nt been fully applied in understanding hw lng-term climate affects day-t-day weather, accrding t Li. “We aimed t prvide insights n the time scale that can be used t frecast typhns in advance.” ...
What des the underlined wrd “it” in paragraph 4 refer t?A.The variable.　　　　B.The climate. C.The temperature. D.The influence.
答案 D　解析 根据本段的 “The researchers als accunted fr the influence f... temperature. This influence is well understd t Li.” 可知, 研究人员还说明了一个变量对另一个变量的影响, 这一影响在气候预测和天气预报中得到了充分的理解和说明, 但在了解长期气候如何影响日常天气方面, 这一影响尚未得到充分应用。第二句的主语是This influence, 而画线词it在but引导的并列句中做主语, 和前面分句的主语相同。故选D项。
B(2021·山东济南4月适应性考试) team was c-led by the scientists wh engineered PETase, Prfessr Jhn McGeehan and Dr Gregg Beckham. Prfessr McGeehan said, “Gregg and I were chatting abut hw PETase attacks the surface f the plastics and MHETase chps things up further, s it seemed natural t see if we culd use them tgether. Our first experiments shwed that they did wrk better tgether, s we decided t physically link them. It tk a great deal f wrk, but it was wrth the effrt.”...
What des the underlined wrd “It” in paragraph 4 refer t?A.C-leading the transatlantic PETase and the surface f the abut cnducting experiments.
答案 B　解析 根据第四段中的 “Our first experiments shwed that they did wrk better tgether, s we decided t physically link them.” 可知, 科学家们想结合PETase和MHETase, 使其产生更好的效果。画线词It所在的句子表示这需要大量的工作,但值得为此付出努力, 所以It指的是PETase和MHETase的结合工作。故选B项。
技法3　句意理解题——利用吻合原则　 句意理解题要求考生用合适的句子解释画线句子或者句子的一部分。 这类题往往具有以下特点: (1)画线的句子有特殊含义, 或者是一个高度概括的句子; (2)前后文往往对画线的句子有解释。因此, 锁定画线句的前后文, 意义吻合是解题的关键。
【典例印证】(2019·浙江卷, B)Mney with n strings attached. It's nt smething yu see every day. But at Unin Statin in Ls Angeles last mnth, a bard went up with dllar bills attached t it with pins and a sign that read, “Give What Yu Can, Take What Yu Need.” ...
What des the expressin “Mney with n strings attached” in paragraph 1 mean?A.Mney spent withut nt legally ffered withut nt tied tgether.
思维流程第一步: 确定位置, 并找到相关信息画线句在第一段的开头, 而本段最后的“Give What Yu Can, Take What Yu Need.” 是相关信息, 表示“给你所能给的, 取你所需要的”。第二步: 分析画线句子的意思n strings attached表示没有任何附带条件。进而推知, 这句话的意思是 “无条件提供的钱”。
【对点微练习】A(2023·广西梧州高三一模)Limiting yur child's candy this festival might be mre f a trick than a treat,experts say. Once yu're a grwn-up raising kids,that bag full f candy might be the scariest part f the festival—whether it's cncern abut a ptential sugar rush,wrries f parenting perfectinism r diet culture anxiety.“It makes sense t be scared, because we've been taught t be scared,”said Ona Hansn,a parent cach based in Ls Angeles.“Sugar is srt f the bgeyman in ur current cultural cnversatin.” ...
Which f the fllwing best explains the underlined sentence “Sugar is srt f the bgeyman”?A.Sugar can make us is a srt f healthy is harmful t ur is a srt f essential nutrient.
答案 C解析 根据“Once yu're a grwn-up raising kids,that bag full f candy might be the scariest part f the festival...”可以看出, 过多的糖果对小孩来说是可怕的, 因为这样不利于身体健康。故选C项。
B(2021·四川成都诊断) the future, she hpes ther cuntries will cntact her t launch their wn satellite surveys.The pssibilities are huge. Parcak estimates that there are at least 12 millin ptential archaelgical sites yet t be discvered.  des the underlined sentence “The pssibilities are huge.” in paragraph 6 mean?A.Parcak's prject will becme cuntries will start satellite will be amazing discveries in archaelgical sites will be identified.
答案 D　解析 画线句上一句提到 “未来, 她希望其他国家会联系她以发起他们自己的卫星调查”; 后一句提到 “Parcak估计至少还有1,200万处潜在的考古遗址有待发现”。由此可推知, 画线句的言外之意是 “更多的考古遗址将被发现”。 故选D项。
A(2023·新高考Ⅱ卷, A)Yellwstne Natinal Park ffers a variety f ranger prgrams thrughut the park, and thrughut the year.The fllwing are descriptins f the ranger prgrams this summer.Experiencing Wildlife in Yellwstne(May 26 t September 2)Whether yu're hiking a backcuntry trail(小径), camping, r just enjying the park's amazing wildlife frm the rad, this quick wrkshp is fr yu and yur family. Learn where t lk fr animals and hw t safely enjy yur wildlife watching experience. Meet at the Canyn Village Stre.
Junir Ranger Wildlife Olympics(June 5 t August 21)Kids can test their skills and cmpare their abilities t the animals f Yellwstne. Stay fr as little r as lng as yur plans allw. Meet in frnt f the Visitr Educatin Center.Canyn Talks at Artist Pint(June 9 t September 2)Frm a classic viewpint, enjy Lwer Falls, the Yellwstne River, and the breathtaking clrs f the canyn(峡谷) while learning abut the area's natural and human histry. Discver why artists and phtgraphers cntinue t be drawn t this special place. Meet n the lwer platfrm at Artist Pint n the Suth Rim Drive fr this shrt talk.
Phtgraphy Wrkshps(June 19 & July 10)Enhance yur phtgraphy skills-jin Yellwstne's park phtgrapher fr a hands-n prgram t inspire new and creative ways f enjying the beauty and wnder f Yellwstne.6/19-Waterfalls & Wide Angles: meet at Artist Pint.7/10-Wildflwers & White Balance: meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。 作者介绍了今年夏天黄石公园为游客提供的四个护林员项目。
1.Which f the fur prgrams begins the earliest?A.Phtgraphy Ranger Wildlife Talks at Artist Wildlife in Yellwstne.
答案 D解析 细节理解题。 题干所问的是“四个项目中哪一个项目最早开始?” 根据四个项目的标题可知, Experiencing Wildlife in Yellwstne开始于5月26日, Junir Ranger Wildlife Olympics开始于6月5日, Canyn Talks at Artist Pint开始于6月9日, Phtgraphy Wrkshps开始于6月19日。 由此可知, Experiencing Wildlife in Yellwstne这个项目开始的时间最早。故选D项。
2.What is the shrt talk at Artist Pint abut?A.Wrks f famus f wild phtgraphy f the canyn area.
答案 D解析 细节理解题。 根据第三个项目部分中的“ learning abut the area's natural and human histry.”可知, 这个讲座是关于大峡谷地区的历史的。故选D项。
3.Where will the participants meet fr the July 10 phtgraphy wrkshp?A Artist Village Educatin Center.
答案 B解析 细节理解题。 根据第四个项目部分的最后一句“7/10-Wildflwers & White Balance:meet at Washburn Trailhead in Chittenden parking area.”可知, 参加7月10日摄影研讨会的人员需要到Washburn Trailhead集合。故选B项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①descriptin n.描述②viewpint n.观点; 看法③breathtaking adj.惊人的; 激动人心的④enhance v.增强; 提高
重点语块⑤a variety f 各种各样的⑥be drawn t 被吸引到精彩句式⑦Learn where t lk fr animals and hw t safely enjy yur wildlife watching experience.了解到哪里寻找动物, 以及如何安全地享受你观看野生动物的经历。
B(2021·新高考Ⅰ卷, B) By day, Rbert Tittertn is a lawyer. In his spare time thugh he ges n stage beside pianist Maria Rasppva—nt as a musician but as her page turner. “I'm nt a trained musician, but I've learnt t read music s I can help Maria in her perfrmance.” Mr Tittertn is chairman f the Omega Ensemble but has been the grup's fficial page turner fr the past fur years. His jb is t sit beside the pianist and turn the pages f the scre s the musician desn't have t break the flw f sund by ding it themselves. He said he became just as nervus as thse playing instruments n stage.
“A lt f skills are needed fr the jb. Yu have t make sure yu dn't turn tw pages at nce and make sure yu find the repeats in the music when yu have t g back t the right spt.” Mr Tittertn explained. Being a page turner requires plenty f practice. Sme pieces f music can g fr 40 minutes and require up t 50 page turns, including back turns fr repeat passages. Silent nstage cmmunicatin is key, and each pianist has their wn style f “ndding” t indicate a page turn which they need t practise with their page turner.
But like all perfrmances, there are mments when things g wrng. “I was turning the page t get ready fr the next page, but the draft wind frm the turn caused the spare pages t fall ff the stand,” Mr Tittertn said, “Luckily I was able t catch them and put them back.” Mst page turners are pian students r up-and-cming cncert pianists, althugh Ms Rasppva has nce asked her husband t help her ut n stage. “My husband is the wrst page turner,”she laughed. “He's interested in the music, feeling every nte, and I have t say: 'Turn, turn!'Rbert is the best page turner I've had in my entire life.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。Rbert Tittertn是一位律师, 但他很喜欢音乐, 业余时间他在舞台上为钢琴家Maria Rasppva翻乐谱。翻乐谱这份工作看似简单, 其实要求很高。
4.What shuld Tittertn be able t d t be a page turner? A.Read music. 　　　　　B.Play the pian. C.Sing sngs. D.Fix the instruments.
答案 A　解析 细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句中的“ I've learnt t read music s I can help Maria in her perfrmance.”可知, 要想为钢琴家翻乐谱, 必须能够识谱。故选A项。
5.Which f the fllwing best describes Tittertn's jb n stage? A.Bring.B.Well-paid. C.Demanding. D.Dangerus.
答案 C　解析 推理判断题。根据第三段和第四段的细节描述可推断,在舞台上为钢琴家翻乐谱这项工作看似简单, 其实是一份要求高的工作。故选C项。
6.What des Tittertn need t practise? A.Cunting the pages. B.Recgnizing the “ndding”. C.Catching falling bjects. D.Perfrming in his wn style.
答案 B　解析 细节理解题。根据第四段最后一句可知, 舞台上的无声交流是很关键的, 每位钢琴家都有属于自己风格的点头示意的方式,翻乐谱的人必须学会察言观色才能与演奏者配合默契, 而这需要双方经过大量的练习才能实现。故选B项。
7.Why is Ms Rasppva's husband “the wrst page turner”? A.He has very pr eyesight. B.He ignres the audience. C.He has n interest in music. D.He frgets t d his jb.
答案 D　解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段内容可推断, Rasppva女士的丈夫其实很喜欢音乐, 但是他在舞台上只顾欣赏每一个音符, 忘记了自己的本职工作, 所以妻子才不断提醒他, 并称其 “the wrst page turner”。故选D项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①(熟词生义)scre n.总谱②(熟词生义)flw n.流畅③(熟词生义)key adj.关键的;主要的④(熟词生义)stand n.架⑤(熟词生义)nte n.音符;音调
重点语块⑥play instruments 演奏乐器⑦n stage 在舞台上⑧in ne's wn style 用某人自己的风格精彩句式⑨I was turning the page t get ready fr the next page, but the draft wind frm the turn caused the spare pages t fall ff the stand.我正在翻页准备下一页, 但是翻页时刮来的风导致多余的页从架子上掉了下来。
C(2021·全国甲卷, C) When I was 9, we packed up ur hme in Ls Angeles and arrived at Heathrw, Lndn n a gray January mrning. Everyne in the family settled quickly int the city except me. Withut my belved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a lss and ut f place. Until I made a discvery.
Suthbank, at an eastern bend in the Thames, is the center f British skatebarding, where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing. I lved it. I sn made friends with the lcal skaters. We spke ur wn language. And my favrite: Safe. Safe meant cl. It meant hell. It meant dn't wrry abut it. Once, when trying a certain trick n the beam (横杆), I fell nt the stnes, damaging a nerve in my hand, and Tby came ver, helping me up: Safe, man. Safe. A few minutes later, when I landed the trick, my friends beat their bards lud, shuting: “Safe! Safe! Safe!” And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater. 
When I was 15, my family mved t Washingtn. I tried skatebarding there, but the lcals were far less welcming. Within a cuple f years, I'd given it up. When I returned t Lndn in 2004, I fund myself wandering dwn t Suthbank, spending hurs there. I've traveled back several times since, mst recently this past spring. The day was cld but clear; turists and Lndners stpped t watch the skaters. Weaving (穿梭) amng the kids wh rushed by n their bards, I fund my way t the beam. Then a rail-thin teenager, in a baggy white T-shirt, skidded (滑) up t the beam. He sat next t me. He seemed nt t ntice the man next t him. But sn I caught a few f his glances. “I was a lcal here 20 years ag,” I tld him. Then, slwly, he began t nd his head. “Safe, man. Safe.” “Yeah,” I said. “Safe.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了作者自己搬家与玩滑板的经历。
8.What can we learn abut the authr sn after he mved t Lndn?A.He felt gave up his liked the weather had disagreements with his family.
答案 A　解析 推理判断题。根据第一段的 “Everyne in the family settled quickly int the city except me. Withut my belved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a lss and ut f place.” 可知, 作者刚到伦敦的时候没能很好地融入新的城市, 他感到很沮丧。故选A项。
9.What d the underlined wrds “Safe! Safe! Safe!” prbably mean?A.Be careful!B.Well dne!C.N way!D.Dn't wrry!
答案 B　解析 词义猜测题。根据画线部分后文“And that's what mattered—landing tricks, being a gd skater.” 可知, 作者掌握了滑板落地的技巧, 因此他的朋友大声欢呼。由此可以推知, 本句是赞美的含义。故选B项。
10.Why did the authr like t spend time in Suthbank when he returned t Lndn?A.T jin the make new learn mre relive his childhd days.
答案 D　解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的 “'I was a lcal here 20 years ag,' I tld him. Then, slwly, he began t nd his head. 'Safe, man. Safe.'” 可推知, 作者去Suthbank这个地方是为了重温童年的时光。故选D项。
11.What message des the authr seem t cnvey in the text?A.Children shuld learn a secnd is necessary fr children's need a sense f the wrld is a must fr children.
答案 C　解析 推理判断题。根据全文可知, 作者起初搬到伦敦很不适应, 但是由于找到了玩滑板的地方, 结识了玩滑板的朋友, 后来慢慢适应了。但是当他搬去华盛顿后, 没过几年, 就不再玩滑板了。作者回到伦敦之后, 经常去之前玩滑板的地方重温童年的时光, 在与一个孩子打招呼的时候, 终于找到了自己久违的回忆。通过自己的经历, 作者要表达的是, 归属感对于孩子来说是很重要的。故选C项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①cntinuus adj.持续的②matter v.要紧重点语块③pack up 收拾行装④make a discvery 发现⑤nd ne's head 点头
精彩句式⑥Everyne in the family settled quickly int the city except me. Withut my belved beaches and endless blue-sky days, I felt at a lss and ut f place. 除了我, 家里人都很快适应了这个城市。没有了我心爱的沙滩和无尽的蓝天, 我感到迷茫和格格不入。
D (2023·新高考Ⅱ卷, B) Turning sil, pulling weeds, and harvesting cabbage sund like tugh wrk fr middle and high schl kids. And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at fur lw-incme schls. The prgram aims t help students develp science skills, envirnmental awareness, and healthy lifestyles.
Jaramill's students live in neighbrhds where fresh fd and green space are nt easy t find and fast fd restaurants utnumber grcery stres. “The kids literally cme t schl with bags f snacks and large bttles f sft drinks,” she says. “They cme t us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.” Thugh sme are initially scared f the insects and turned ff by the dirt,mst are eager t try smething new. Urban Spruts' classes, at tw middle schls and tw high schls, include hands-n experiments such as sil testing, flwer-and-seed dissectin, tastings f fresh r dried prduce, and wrk in the garden. Several times a year, students ck the vegetables they grw, and they ccasinally make salads fr their entire schls.
Prgram evaluatins shw that kids eat mre vegetables as a result f the classes. “We have students wh say they went hme and talked t their parents and nw they're eating differently,” Jaramill says. She adds that the prgram's benefits g beynd nutritin.Sme students get s interested in gardening that they bring hme seeds t start their wn vegetable gardens. Besides, wrking in the garden seems t have a calming effect n Jaramill's special educatin students, many f whm have emtinal cntrl issues. “They get utside,” she says, “and they feel successful.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。 文章主要介绍了Abby Jaramill发起的一个名叫“Urban Spruts”的学校园艺项目的目的和对学生产生的积极影响。
12.What d we knw abut Abby Jaramill?A.She used t be a health grew up in a lw-incme wns a fast fd is an initiatr f Urban Spruts.
答案 D解析 细节理解题。 根据第一段的 “And at first it is, says Abby Jaramill, wh with anther teacher started Urban Spruts, a schl garden prgram at...” 可知, Abby Jaramill是Urban Spruts这个项目的发起人。故选D项。
13.What was a prblem facing Jaramill at the start f the prgram?A.The kids' parents distrusted had little time fr her kids disliked garden was n space fr schl gardens.
答案 C解析 推理判断题。 根据第二段的“They cme t us thinking vegetables are awful, dirt is awful, insects are awful.”可知, Abby Jaramill遇到的问题是有些孩子觉得蔬菜、 泥土和昆虫是糟糕的, 由此推断出他们不喜欢园艺工作。故选C项。
14.Which f the fllwing best describes the impact f the prgram?A.Far-reaching.D.Unidentifiable.
答案 A解析 推理判断题。 根据最后一段内容可知, 这个项目不仅为学生们提供了营养价值, 还让更多的学生对园艺感兴趣, 同时也帮助了那些有情绪控制问题的学生。 由此可知, 该项目的影响是深远的。故选A项。
15.What can be a suitable title fr the text?A.Rescuing Schl GardensB.Experiencing Cuntry LifeC.Grwing Vegetable LversD.Changing Lcal Landscape
答案 C解析 标题归纳题。 通读全文可知, 文章主要讲述了Abby Jaramill等老师发起和实施的“Urban Spruts”项目。该项目运行于四所低收入区学校,旨在帮助学生培养科学技能、环境意识和健康生活方式。最终效果显著,孩子们吃菜更多,且爱上了种菜,把种子带回去在家里开垦菜园。由此可以确定,C项(培养蔬菜爱好者)是最佳题目。A项(挽救学校菜园)中的“挽救”偏离主题,B项(体验乡村生活)和D项(改变地方景观)都与原文要表达的意思差距较大。故选C项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①utnumber v.压倒; 比……多②literally adv.字面上; 确实地③initially adv.最初; 开始④(熟词生义)prduce n.农产品⑤ccasinally adv.偶尔; 有时候重点语块⑥aim t d... 旨在……; 目的是……⑦envirnmental awareness 环保意识⑧be scared f 害怕⑨g beynd 超出; 超过
精彩句式⑩Jaramill's students live in neighbrhds where fresh fd and green space are nt easy t find and fast fd restaurants utnumber grcery stres.Jaramill的学生居住的街区很难找到新鲜的食品和绿地, 并且快餐店的数目超过了食品杂货店。
A(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷, A改编)Pali Overnight Adventures ffers children and teens exciting experiences this summer. Frm bradcasting t street art, these are just 4 f the 17 highly unique camps being ffered.Bradcasting CampBecme the next star reprter, news writer, directr r prducer. While running every aspect f ur wn news statin, kids and their fellw campers will create and hst a bradcast airing each night at dinner fr the entire camp. Every night it ges n the web, keeping parents and the wrld infrmed f the happenings at Pali.
Secret Agent CampCampers wh sign up fr the 2-week secret agent camp can get t knw abut the life f real secret agents by learning strategies and military skills n the paintball field.Culinary CampIf yur child enjys being in the kitchen, then the culinary camp is definitely the right fit. Campers learn technical skills f rasting, frying and cutting, as well as sme recipes that they can take hme and share with their families.
Street Art CampThis camp takes creative license t an entirely new level. Campers will share their clrful ideas and imaginatin with each ther and wrk tgether t visualize, sketch and paint with nn-traditinal techniques t create the clest mural(壁画) which will be displayed in public fr all t see.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了夏令营项目中的四个。
1.Hw many camps des Pali Overnight Adventures ffer this summer?A.2.　　　　　　　　　　 D.21.
答案 C　解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的 “Frm bradcasting t street art, these are just 4 f the 17 highly unique camps being ffered.” 可知, 本篇文章主要介绍了 17个营地中的4个, 也就是说, 一共有17个。故选C项。
2.What will campers d at the Bradcasting Camp?A.Create a website.B.Run a news a star reprter.D.Hld a dinner party.
答案 B　解析 细节理解题。根据Bradcasting Camp部分的 “While running every aspect f ur wn news statin, kids and their fellw campers will create and hst a bradcast airing each night at dinner fr the entire camp.” 可知, 营员可以尝试运营新闻站各方面的工作。故选B项。
3.Which camp will attract children wh are interested in cking?A.Bradcasting Camp.B.Secret Agent Camp.D.Street Art Camp.
答案 C　解析 细节理解题。根据Culinary Camp 部分的 “Campers learn technical skills f rasting, frying and cutting, as well as sme recipes that they can take hme and share with their families.” 可知, 在这个营, 孩子们可以学习烘焙、煎炸和切割等技能, 与题干中的cking相符合。故选C项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①unique adj.独特的②hst v.主办; 主持③bradcast n. 广播节目; 电视节目重点语块④keep... infrmed f通知……⑤sign up fr报名
精彩句式⑥Campers learn technical skills f rasting, frying and cutting, as well as sme recipes that they can take hme and share with their families.营员们学习烘焙、煎炸和切割等技能, 以及一些可以带回家和家人分享的食谱。
B(2021·全国甲卷, B) Prt Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding(繁育) prgramme, has welcmed the arrival f a rare black rhin calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived n January 31, she became the 40th black rhin t be brn at the reserve. And fficials at Prt Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhins are knwn fr being difficult t breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head f rhin sectin at Prt Lympne, said:“Obviusly we're all abslutely delighted t welcme anther calf t ur black rhin family. She's healthy, strng and already eager t play and explre. Her mther, Sli, is a first-time mum and she is ding a fantastic jb. It's still a little t cld fr them t g ut int the pen, but as sn as the weather warms up, I have n dubt that the little ne will be ut and abut explring and playing every day.”
The adrable female calf is the secnd black rhin brn this year at the reserve, but it is t early t tell if the calves will make gd candidates t be returned t prtected areas f the wild. The first rhin t be brn at Prt Lympne arrived n January 5 t first-time mther Kisima and weighed abut 32 kg. His mther, grandmther and great grandmther were all brn at the reserve and still live there. Accrding t the Wrld Wildlife Fund, the glbal black rhin ppulatin has drpped as lw as 5,500, giving the rhins a “critically endangered” status.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在Prt Lympne保护区的部分黑犀牛的现状。
4.Which f the fllwing best describes the breeding prgramme?A.Cstly.D.Successful.
答案 D　解析 推理判断题。根据第一段的 “ became the 40th black rhin t be brn at the reserve.” 以及倒数第二段的 “His mther, grandmther and great grandmther were all brn at the reserve and still live there.” 可知, 保护区的繁育计划使很多黑犀牛成功存活。由此推知, 该计划是成功的。故选D项。
5.What des Paul Beer say abut the new-brn rhin?A.She lves staying with her dislikes utdr is in gd is sensitive t heat.
答案 C　解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “She's healthy, strng and already eager t play and explre.” 可知, Paul Beer认为新生的犀牛身体状况很好。故选C项。
6.What similar experience d Sli and Kisima have?A.They had their first brn in enjyed explring new lived with their were brught t the reserve yung.
答案 A　解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的 “When the tiny creature arrived n January 31, she became the 40th black rhin t be brn at the reserve.” 以及倒数第二段的 “The first rhin t be brn at Prt Lympne arrived n January 5 t first-time mther Kisima and weighed abut 32 kg.” 可知, Sli和Kisima的第一个孩子都是在一月份出生的。故选A项。
7.What can be inferred abut Prt Lympne Reserve?A.The rhin sectin will be pen t the aims t cntrl the number f the will cntinue t wrk with the Wrld Wildlife f its rhins may be sent t the prtected wild areas.
答案 D　解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的 “ is t early t tell if the calves will make gd candidates t be returned t prtected areas f the wild.”可推知, Prt Lympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。故选D项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①(熟词生义)run v.管理;经营 ②(熟词生义)head n.领导人; 负责人③fantastic adj. 极好的;了不起的④adrable adj.可爱的⑤cstly adj.昂贵的
重点语块⑥warm up 暖和起来⑦in gd cnditin 状况良好精彩句式⑧And fficials at Prt Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhins are knwn fr being difficult t breed in captivity.Prt Lympne的官员们对这只新犀牛的到来感到高兴, 尤其是黑犀牛是出了名的难以圈养繁殖。
C(2021·全国乙卷, C) Yu've heard that plastic is plluting the ceans — between 4.8 and 12.7 millin tnnes enter cean ecsystems every year. But des ne plastic straw r cup really make a difference? Artist Benjamin Vn Wng wants yu t knw that it des. He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.
At the beginning f the year, the artist built a piece called “Strawpcalypse,” a pair f 10-ft-tall plastic waves, frzen mid-crash. Made f 168,000 plastic straws cllected frm several vlunteer beach cleanups, the sculpture made its first appearance at the Estella Place shpping center in H Chi Minh City, Vietnam.
Just 9% f glbal plastic waste is recycled. Plastic straws are by n means the biggest surce(来源) f plastic pllutin, but they've recently cme under fire because mst peple dn't need them t drink with and, because f their small size and weight, they cannt be recycled. Every straw that's part f Vn Wng's artwrk likely came frm a drink that smene used fr nly a few minutes. Once the drink is gne, the straw will take centuries t disappear.
In a piece frm 2018, Vn Wng wanted t illustrate(说明) a specific statistic: Every 60 secnds, a trucklad's wrth f plastic enters the cean. Fr this wrk, titled “Trucklad f Plastic,” Vn Wng and a grup f vlunteers cllected mre than 10,000 pieces f plastic, which were then tied tgether t lk like they'd been dumped(倾倒) frm a truck all at nce. Vn Wng hpes that his wrk will als help pressure big cmpanies t reduce their plastic ftprint.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了艺术家本杰明用塑料垃圾创作了雕塑作品, 从而引起人们对塑料垃圾的注意和警惕。
8.What are Vn Wng's artwrks intended fr? A.Beautifying the city he lives in. B.Intrducing ec-friendly prducts. C.Drawing public attentin t plastic waste. D.Reducing garbage n the beach.
答案 C　解析 推理判断题。第一段中提出塑料会污染海洋, 但是塑料吸管或者塑料杯是否也有影响呢? 艺术家本杰明用塑料废物做成了艺术作品, 以引起公众对塑料垃圾的注意。故选C项。
9.Why des the authr discuss plastic straws in paragraph 3? A.T shw the difficulty f their recycling. B.T explain why they are useful. C.T vice his views n mdern art. D.T find a substitute fr them.
答案 A　解析 推理判断题。根据第三段第二句可知, 塑料吸管不是塑料污染的最大来源, 但是由于体积和重量的缘故,它们是不能被回收的。故选A项。
10.What effect wuld “Trucklad f Plastic” have n viewers? A.Calming. B.Disturbing. C.Refreshing. D.Challenging.
答案 B　解析 推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的 “Every 60 secnds... which were then tied tgether t lk like they'd been dumped frm a truck all at nce.” 可知, 这么多塑料垃圾倒入海洋, 数量之庞大, 令人不安。故选B项。
11.Which f the fllwing can be the best title fr the text? A.Artists' Opinins n Plastic SafetyB.Media Interest in Cntemprary ArtC.Respnsibility Demanded f Big CmpaniesD.Ocean Plastics Transfrmed int Sculptures
答案 D　解析 标题归纳题。文章开头就提出了塑料污染问题, 然后着重讲述了艺术家本杰明利用塑料垃圾做成雕塑来引起人们对塑料废物的注意。故选D项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①massive adj.巨大的②(熟词生义)pressure v.逼迫③substitute n.替代品④transfrm v. 使改变形态; 使改变外观(或性质)
重点语块⑤make a difference 起作用; 有影响⑥make ne's first appearance 首次亮相⑦by n means决不精彩句式⑧He builds massive sculptures ut f plastic garbage, frcing viewers t re-examine their relatinship t single-use plastic prducts.他用塑料垃圾建成大型的雕塑, 迫使观众重新审视他们与一次性塑料制品之间的关系。
D(2022·新高考Ⅰ卷, C)The elderly residents(居民) in care hmes in Lndn are being given hens t lk after t stp them feeling lnely.The prject was dreamed up by a lcal charity(慈善组织) t reduce lneliness and imprve elderly peple's wellbeing. It is als being used t help patients suffering dementia, a serius illness f the mind. Staff in care hmes have reprted a reductin in the use f medicine where hens are in use.Amng thse taking part in the prject is 80-year-ld Ruth Xavier. She said: “I used t keep hens when I was yunger and had t prepare their breakfast each mrning befre I went t schl.
“I like the prject a lt. I am dwn there in my wheelchair in the mrning letting the hens ut and dwn there again at night t see they've gne t bed.“It's gd t have a different fcus. Peple have been bringing their children in t see the hens and residents cme and sit utside t watch them. I'm enjying the creative activities, and it feels great t have dne smething useful.”There are nw 700 elderly peple lking after hens in 20 care hmes in the Nrth East, and the charity has been given financial supprt t rll it ut cuntrywide.
Wendy Wilsn, extra care manager at 60 Penfld Street, ne f the first t embark n the prject, said: “Residents really welcme the idea f the prject and the creative sessins. We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.” Lynn Lewis, directr f Ntting Hill Pathways, said: “We are happy t be taking part in the prject. It will really help cnnect ur residents thrugh a shared interest and creative activities.”
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。英国的一家慈善组织别出心裁, 让养老院里的老人通过养鸡来减少孤独感, 以提高老年人的幸福感。
12.What is the purpse f the prject?A.T ensure harmny in care prvide part-time jbs fr the raise mney fr medical prmte the elderly peple's welfare.
解析 推理判断题。根据第二段中的“The prject was dreamed up by a lcal charity t reduce lneliness and imprve elderly peple's wellbeing.”可知, 该项目旨在减少老年人的孤独感, 提高老年人的幸福感。故选D项。
13.Hw has the prject affected Ruth Xavier?A.She has learned new life has gained a sense f has recvered her has develped a strng persnality.
解析 推理判断题。根据第五段中的“I'm enjying the creative activities, and it feels great t have dne smething useful.”可知, 她做了些有用的事情感觉很棒。由此推测, 该项目让她有了成就感。故选B项。
14.What d the underlined wrds “embark n” mean in paragraph 7?A.Imprve.D.Evaluate.
解析 词义猜测题。根据上文提到的温迪·威尔逊经理, 结合画线短语前面的“ne f the first”以及下文提到的内容可知, 她是第一批实施这个项目的人。由此猜测, 画线短语的意思是“着手, 开始”, 与begin意思相同。故选C项。
15.What can we learn abut the prject frm the last tw paragraphs?A.It is well needs t be mre is highly takes ages t see the results.
解析 推理判断题。根据最后两段中的“Residents really welcme the idea f the prject ...”和“We are happy t be taking part in the prject.”可知, 该项目很受欢迎。故选A项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①elderly adj.年纪较大的,上了年纪的②wellbeing n.舒适;健康;幸福③harmny n.融洽;和睦;和谐重点语块④lk frward t盼望,期待⑤take part in参加
精彩句式⑥We are lking frward t the benefits and fun the prject can bring t peple here.我们期待这个项目能给这里的人们带来好处和乐趣。
A(2020·全国Ⅱ卷, A)The Lake District Attractins GuideDalemain Mansin & Histric GardensHistry, Culture & Landscape(景观). Discver and enjy 4 centuries f histry, 5 acres f celebrated and award-winning gardens with parkland walk. Owned by the Hasell family since 1679, hme t the Internatinal Marmalade Festival. Gifts and antiques, plant sales, museums & Mediaeval Hall Tearm. Open: 29 Mar-29 Oct, Sun t Thurs.
Tearm, Gardens & Gift Shp: 10.30-17.00(16.00 in Oct). Huse: 11.15-16.00(15.00 in Oct). Twn: Pley Bridge & Penrith
Abbt Hall Art Gallery & MuseumThse viewing the quality f Abbt Hall's temprary exhibitins may be frgiven fr thinking they are in a city gallery. The impressive permanent cllectin includes Turners and Rmneys and the temprary exhibitin prgramme has Canalett and the artists frm St Ives. Open: Mn t Sat and Summer Sundays. 10.30-17.00 Summer. 10.30-16.00 Winter. Twn: Kendal
Tullie Huse Museum & Art GalleryDiscver, explre and enjy award-winning Tullie Huse, where histric cllectins, cntemprary art and family fun are brught tgether in ne impressive museum and art gallery. There are fur fantastic galleries t visit frm fine art t interactive fun, s there's smething fr everyne!Open: High Seasn 1 Apr—31 Oct: Mn t Sat 10.00—17.00, Sun 11.00— Seasn 1 Nv—31 Mar: Mn t Sat 10.00—16.30, Sun 12.00—: Carlisle
Dve Cttage & The Wrdswrth MuseumDiscver William Wrdswrth's inspiratinal hme. Take a tur f his Lakeland cttage, walk thrugh his hillside garden and explre the riches f the cllectin in the Museum. Visit the shp and relax in the café. Exhibitins, events and family activities thrughut the year. Open: Daily, 09.30—17.30(last admissin 17.00). Twn: Grasmere
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了四个著名的旅游景点, 包括各自的特色、开放时间以及所处的具体位置。
1.When is the Huse at Dalemain Mansin & Histric Gardens pen n Sundays in July?—17.30.　　　　——16.00.—16.30.
答案 C　解析 细节理解题。根据第一个景点中Open部分和Huse部分后的内容可知, 它在七月份的星期天开放时间是11点15分到16点。故选C项。
2.What can visitrs d at Abbt Hall Art Gallery & Museum?A.Enjy Rmney's wrks. B.Have sme interactive fun. C.Attend a famus festival. D.Learn the histry f a family.
答案 A　解析 细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词Abbt Hall Art Gallery & Museum可快速锁定第二个景点, 根据小标题下的第二句可知, 这里收藏有Rmney的作品。故选A项。
3.Where shuld visitrs g if they want t explre Wrdswrth's life?A.Penrith. B.Kendal. C.Carlisle. D.Grasmere.
答案 D　解析 细节理解题。根据题干中的关键词Wrdswrth's life可快速锁定第四个景点, 根据Twn部分后的内容可知其具体位置。故选D项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①award-winning adj.获奖的②temprary adj.暂时的; 临时的③impressive adj.令人赞叹的④permanent adj.永久的; 永恒的⑤interactive adj.互动的; 交互式的
重点语块⑥hme t 是……的故乡⑦cntemprary art当代艺术精彩句式⑧There are fur fantastic galleries t visit frm fine art t interactive fun, s there's smething fr everyne!有四个很棒的画廊供你参观, 从艺术到互动娱乐, 所以每个人在这里都有收获!
B(2021·全国乙卷, B) When almst everyne has a mbile phne, why are mre than half f Australian hmes still paying fr a landline(座机)? These days yu'd be hard pressed t find anyne in Australia ver the age f 15 wh desn't wn a mbile phne. In fact plenty f yunger kids have ne in their pcket. Practically everyne can make and receive calls anywhere, anytime.
Still, 55 percent f Australians have a landline phne at hme and nly just ver a quarter (29%) rely nly n their smartphnes, accrding t a survey(调查). Of thse Australians wh still have a landline, a third cncede that it's nt really necessary and they're keeping it as a security blanket — 19 percent say they never use it while a further 13 percent keep it in case f emergencies. I think my hme falls int that categry. Mre than half f Australian hmes are still chsing t stick with their hme phne. Age is naturally a factr(因素) — nly 58 percent f Generatin Ys still use landlines nw and then, cmpared t 84 percent f Baby Bmers wh've perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years. Age isn't the nly factr; I'd say it's als t d with the makeup f yur husehld.
Generatin Xers with yung families, like my wife and I, can still find it cnvenient t have a hme phne rather than prviding a mbile phne fr every family member. That said, t be hnest the nly peple wh ever ring ur hme phne are ur Baby Bmers parents, t the pint where we play a game and guess wh is calling befre we pick up the phne (using Caller ID wuld take the fun ut f it). Hw attached are yu t yur landline? Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries?
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要剖析了在几乎人人都有手机的澳大利亚, 仍然有超过半数的家庭拥有座机背后的原因。
4.What des paragraph 2 mainly tell us abut mbile phnes?A.Their target users. B.Their wide ppularity. C.Their majr functins. D.Their cmplex design.
答案 B　解析 段落大意题。根据第二段内容可知, 在澳大利亚很难找到一个15岁以上还没有手机的人, 甚至一些年龄更小的孩子都有手机。这表明手机在澳大利亚受到广泛欢迎。故选B项。
5.What des the underlined wrd “cncede” in paragraph 3 mean?A.Admit. B.Argue. C.Remember. D.Remark.
答案 A　解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词前文可知, 虽然在澳大利亚几乎人人都有手机, 但是还有55%的家庭拥有座机。画线词所在的短句是指三分之一拥有座机的人承认座机没有什么必要。故选A项。
6.What can we say abut Baby Bmers?A.They like smartphne games. B.They enjy guessing callers' identity. C.They keep using landline phnes. D.They are attached t their family.
答案 C　解析 细节理解题。根据第四段中的 “ Bmers wh've perhaps had the same hme number fr 50 years.” 可知, 这一家人或许50年都没有换过座机。故选C项。
7.What can be inferred abut the landline frm the last paragraph? A.It remains a family necessity. B.It will fall ut f use sme day. C.It may increase daily expenses. D.It is as imprtant as the gas light.
答案 B　解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段中的 “Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries?” 可知, 煤气路灯和清晨送奶工都已不存在。由此推断, 座机早晚也会过时。故选B项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①quarter n.四分之一重点语块②rely n 依靠③in case f 如果; 假使④fall int that categry 属于那一类⑤stick with 坚持; 持续
精彩句式⑥Hw lng until they g the way f gas street lamps and mrning milk deliveries? 还要多久它们就会走上与煤气路灯和清晨送奶一样(已不存在)的路?  
C(2020·新高考Ⅱ卷, C) In May 1987 the Glden Gate Bridge had a 50th birthday party. The bridge was clsed t mtr traffic s peple culd enjy a walk acrss it. Organizers expected perhaps 50,000 peple t shw up. Instead, as many as 800,000 crwded the rads t the bridge. By the time 250,000 were n the bridge, engineers nticed smething terrible: the radway was flattening under what turned ut t be the heaviest lad it had ever been asked t carry. Wrse, it was beginning t sway (晃动).The authrities clsed access t the bridge and tens f thusands f peple made their way back t land. A disaster was avided.
The stry is ne f scres in T Frgive Design: Understanding Failure, a bk that is at nce a lve letter t engineering and a paean (赞歌) t its breakdwns. Its authr, Dr Henry Petrski, has lng been writing abut disasters. In this bk, he includes the lss f the space shuttles (航天飞机) Challenger and Clumbia, and the sinking f the Titanic.
Thugh he acknwledges that engineering wrks can fail because the persn wh thught them up r engineered them simply gt things wrng, in this bk Dr Petrski widens his view t cnsider the larger cntext in which such failures ccur. Smetimes devices fail because a gd design is cnstructed with lw quality materials incmpetently applied. Or perhaps a design wrks s well it is adpted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless imprvements, until, suddenly, it des nt wrk at all anymre.
Readers will encunter nt nly stries they have heard befre, but sme new stries and a mving discussin f the respnsibility f the engineer t the public and the ways yung engineers can be helped t grasp them. “Success is success but that is all that it is,” Dr Petrski writes. It is failure that brings imprvement.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了Dr Henry Petrski写的T Frgive Design: Understanding Failure这本书。该书讲述了一些灾难故事, 也分析了发生灾难的原因, 最后阐明了 “失败促使改善” 的道理。
8.What happened t the Glden Gate Bridge n its 50th birthday?A.It carried mre weight than it swayed vilently in a strng radway was damaged by access was blcked by many peple.
答案 A　解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的 “By the time 250,000 were n the bridge, engineers nticed smething terrible: the radway was flattening under what turned ut t be the heaviest lad it had ever been asked t carry.” 可知选A项。
9.Which f the fllwing is Dr Petrski's idea accrding t paragraph 3?A.N design is well received is mre imprtant than all disasters are caused by engineering n engineering wrks are necessary.
答案 C　解析 推理判断题。根据第三段的 “Smetimes devices fail because a gd design is cnstructed with lw quality materials incmpetently applied. Or perhaps a design wrks s well it is adpted elsewhere again and again, with seemingly harmless imprvements, until, suddenly, it des nt wrk at all anymre.” 可知选C项。
10.What des the last paragraph suggest?A.Failure can lead t results in shuld be cmes frm jint effrts.
答案 A　解析 推理判断题。根据最后一段的 “It is failure that brings imprvement.” 可知, 失败可以促使进步。故选A项。
11.What is the text?A.A news reprt.B.A shrt stry.C.A bk review.D.A research article.
答案 C　解析 推理判断题。文章以1987年发生在金门大桥的超负荷事件引入, 由此引出T Frgive Design: Understanding Failure这本书。第二段对书的作者及内容做了简单介绍; 第三、四段段讲述这本书主要向读者传达的信息; 最后一段指出这本书的升华内容。因此, 整个语篇都是围绕一本书展开的, 属于 “书评”。故选C项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①acknwledge v.承认②adpt v.采用重点语块③shw up 出现④clse access t关闭……的通道⑤make ne's way back t 返回⑥widen ne's view开阔视野
精彩句式⑦Readers will encunter nt nly stries they have heard befre, but sme new stries and a mving discussin f the respnsibility f the engineer t the public and the ways yung engineers can be helped t grasp them.读者不仅会遇到他们以前听过的故事, 还会听到一些新的故事和关于工程师对公众责任的感人讨论以及帮助年轻工程师理解它们的方法。
D(2020·全国Ⅱ卷, D) I have a special place in my heart fr libraries. I have fr as lng as I can remember. I was always an enthusiastic reader, smetimes reading up t three bks a day as a child. Stries were like air t me and while ther kids played ball r went t parties, I lived ut adventures thrugh the bks I checked ut frm the library. My first jb was wrking at the Ukiah Library when I was 16 years ld. It was a dream jb and I did everything frm shelving bks t reading t the children fr stry time.
As I grew lder and became a mther, the library tk n a new place and an added meaning in my life. I had several children and bks were ur main surce(来源) f entertainment. It was a big deal fr us t lad up and g t the lcal library, where my kids culd pick ut bks t read r bks they wanted me t read t them.   I always read, using different vices, as thugh I were acting ut the stries with my vice and they lved it!It was a special time t bnd with my children and it filled them with the wnderment f bks. Nw, I see my children taking their children t the library and I lve that the excitement f ging t the library lives n frm generatin t generatin.
As a nvelist, I've fund a new relatinship with libraries. I encurage readers t g t their lcal library when they can't affrd t purchase a bk. I see libraries as a safe haven(避风港) fr readers and writers, a bridge that helps put tgether a reader with a bk. Libraries, in their wn way, help fight bk piracy(盗版行为) and I think all writers shuld supprt libraries in a significant way when they can. Encurage readers t use the library. Share library annuncements n yur scial media. Frequent them and talk abut them when yu can.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者从小就喜欢读书, 喜欢待在图书馆里, 并且这一习惯延续到了下一代人。作者鼓励人们尽自己所能支持图书馆、利用好图书馆。
12.Which wrd best describes the authr's relatinship with bks as a child?A.Cperative. B.Uneasy. C.Inseparable. D.Casual.
答案 C　解析 推理判断题。根据第一段内容可知, 作者从有记忆起就喜欢读书, 有时一天能读三本书。由此推知, 作者与书籍的关系是 “不可分离”。故选C项。
13.What des the underlined phrase “an added meaning” in paragraph 3 refer t?A.Pleasure frm wrking in the library. B.Jy f reading passed n in the family. C.Wnderment frm acting ut the stries. D.A clser bnd develped with the readers.
答案 B　解析 句意理解题。根据第三段内容可知, 作者成为母亲后, 她的孩子们也喜欢读书, 喜欢去图书馆。由此推出, 画线部分指的是读书的乐趣延续到了下一代人身上。故选B项。
14.What des the authr call n ther writers t d?A.Spnsr bk fairs. B.Write fr scial media. C.Supprt libraries. D.Purchase her nvels.
答案 C　解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段第四句内容可知, 作者号召其他作家用自己能做到的方式支持图书馆。故选C项。
15.Which can be a suitable title fr the text?A.Reading: A Surce f KnwledgeB.My Idea abut WritingC.Library: A Haven fr the YungD.My Lve f the Library
答案 D　解析 标题归纳题。通读全文内容可知, 文章主要讲述了作者对图书馆的热爱。故选D项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①enthusiastic adj.热情的; 热心的②(熟词生义) frequent v.常去, 常到(某处)重点语块③check ut (从图书馆等)借出 ④pick ut 挑选⑤act ut 将……表演出来⑥bnd with sb与某人建立联系
精彩句式⑦Nw, I see my children taking their children t the library and I lve that the excitement f ging t the library lives n frm generatin t generatin.现在, 我看到我的孩子带着他们的孩子去图书馆, 我喜欢去图书馆的兴奋感代代相传。
A(2020·新高考Ⅰ卷, A)POETRY CHALLENGEWrite a pem abut hw curage, determinatin, and strength have helped yu face challenges in yur life. Prizes3 Grand Prizes: Trip t Washingtn, D.C. fr each f three winners, a parent and ne ther persn f the winner's chice. Trip includes rund-trip air tickets, htel stay fr tw nights, and turs f the Natinal Air and Space Museum and the ffice f Natinal Gegraphic Wrld.
6 First Prizes: The bk Sky Pineer: A Phtbigraphy f Amelia Earhart signed by authr Crinne Szab and pilt Linda Finch. 50 Hnrable Mentins: Judges will chse up t 50 hnrable mentin winners, wh will each receive a T-shirt in memry f Earhart's final flight.
RulesFllw all rules carefully t prevent disqualificatin. ■Write a pem using 100 wrds r fewer. Yur pem can be any frmat, any number f lines. ■Write by hand r type n a single sheet f paper. Yu may use bth the frnt and back f the paper. ■On the same sheet f paper, write r type yur name, address, telephne number, and birth date. ■Mail yur entry t us by Octber 31 this year.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍了诗歌大赛的章程, 包括奖项和规则。
1.Hw many peple can each grand prize winner take n the free trip? A.Tw. 　　　　　　　　B.Three. C.Fur.D.Six.
答案 A　解析 细节理解题。根据Prizes部分第一段中的第一句可知, 3名大奖获得者可获得免费到华盛顿的旅行, 其中包含获奖者的父亲或母亲, 另外获奖者可再选一人, 即每位大奖获得者可带2人参加免费旅行。故选A项。
2.What will each f the hnrable mentin winners get? A.A plane ticket. B.A bk by Crinne Szab. C.A special T-shirt. D.A pht f Amelia Earhart.
答案 C　解析 细节理解题。根据Prizes 部分的第三段内容可知, 50个提名奖获得者可得到一件特殊的T恤衫。故选C项。
3.Which f the fllwing will result in disqualificatin? A.Typing yur pem ut. B.Writing a pem f 120 wrds. C.Using bth sides f the paper. D.Mailing yur entry n Octber 30.
答案 B　解析 细节理解题。根据Rules 部分的 “Write a pem using 100 wrds r fewer.” 可知, 120词的诗歌不符合要求。故选B项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①rund-trip adj.往返的; 双程的②hnrable adj. 光荣的; 值得尊敬的; 品德高尚的重点语块③in memry f 作为对……的纪念④by hand 手工
精彩句式⑤Mail yur entry t us by Octber 31 this year.今年10月31日之前将您的参赛作品邮寄给我们。
B(2021·浙江卷, B改编) We live in a twn with three beaches. There are tw parks less than 10 minutes' walk frm hme where neighburhd children gather t play. Hwever, what my children want t d after schl is pick up a screen — any screen — and stare at it fr hurs. They are nt alne. Tday's children spend an average f fur and a half hurs a day lking at screens, split between watching televisin and using the Internet.
In the past few years, an increasing number f peple and rganisatins have begun cming up with plans t cunter this trend. A cuple f years ag, film-maker David Bnd realised that his children, then aged five and three, were attached t screens t the pint where he was able t say “chclate” int his three-year-ld sn's ear withut getting a respnse. He realised that smething needed t change, and, being a Lndn media type, appinted himself “marketing directr fr Nature”. He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple. The result was a film which charts the birth f the Wild Netwrk, a grup f rganisatins with the cmmn gal f getting children ut int nature.
“Just five mre minutes utdrs can make a difference,” David Bnd says. “There is a lt f really interesting evidence which seems t be suggesting that if children are inspired up t the age f seven, then being utdrs will be a habit fr life.” His wn children have gt int the habit f playing utside nw: “We just send them ut int the garden and tell them nt t cme back in fr a while.” Summer is upn us. There is an amazing wrld ut there, and it needs ur children as much as they need it. Let us get them ut and let them play.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述了David Bnd为了让孩子们远离屏幕, 拍摄自己的旅行, 并将自然当作一个品牌, 推销给年轻人。
4.What is the prblem with the authr's children?A.They ften anny the are tired f ding their have n friends t play stay in frnt f screens fr t lng.
答案 D　解析 细节理解题。根据第一段的 “Hwever, what my children want t d after schl is pick up a screen — any screen — and stare at it fr hurs.” 可知, 作者的孩子在屏幕前待的时间太长了。故选D项。
5.Hw did David Bnd advcate his idea?A.By making a dcumentary rganizing utdr advertising in Lndn creating a netwrk f friends.
答案 A　解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature as a brand t be marketed t yung peple.” 可知, David Bnd通过拍一个纪录片来宣传他的想法。故选A项。
6.Which f the fllwing can replace the underlined wrd “charts” in paragraph 2?A.recrdsD.cnfirms
答案 A　解析 词义猜测题。根据画线词前面的a film可知, 本句主语是一部电影, 而下文the birth f the Wild Netwrk 解释了这部电影的主旨。由此推知, 画线词charts与recrds的意思一致。故选A项。
7.What can be a suitable title fr the text?A.Let Children Have FunB.Yung Children Need Mre Free TimeC.Market Nature t ChildrenD.David Bnd: A Rle Mdel fr Children
答案 C　解析 标题归纳题。根据第二段的 “He dcumented his jurney as he set abut treating nature... f getting children ut int nature.” 可知, 本文主要讲述了David Bnd为了让孩子们远离屏幕, 拍摄自己的旅行, 并将自然当作一个品牌, 推销给年轻人。由此推知, C项Market Nature t Children(把自然推销给年轻人)适合做本文标题。故选C项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①split v.分担;分摊②cunter v.(对意见、态度等的)反对,反驳③dcument v.记录;记载④brand n.品牌
重点语块⑤be attached t 非常喜欢; 依恋⑥set abut ding sth 着手做/开始做某事⑦get int the habit f ding sth 习惯做某事⑧a dcumentary film一部纪录片
精彩句式⑨Summer is upn us. There is an amazing wrld ut there, and it needs ur children as much as they need it. Let us get them ut and let them play.夏天就要来了。外面有一个神奇的世界, 它需要我们的孩子, 就像他们需要它一样。让我们把他们带出来, 让他们玩。
C(2020·全国Ⅰ卷,C) Race walking shares many fitness benefits with running, research shws, while mst likely cntributing t fewer injuries. It des, hwever, have its wn prblem. Race walkers are cnditined athletes. The lngest track and field event at the Summer Olympics is the 50-kilmeter race walk, which is abut five miles lnger than the marathn. But the sprt's rules require that a race walker's knees stay straight thrugh mst f the leg swing and ne ft remain in cntact(接触) with the grund at all times. It's this strange frm that makes race walking such an attractive activity, hwever, says Jaclyn Nrberg, an assistant prfessr f exercise science at Salem State University in Salem, Mass.
Like running, race walking is physically demanding, she says. Accrding t mst calculatins, race walkers mving at a pace f six miles per hur wuld burn abut 800 calries(卡路里) per hur, which is apprximately twice as many as they wuld burn walking, althugh fewer than running, which wuld prbably burn abut 1,000 r mre calries per hur. Hwever, race walking des nt pund the bdy as much as running des, Dr. Nrberg says. Accrding t her research, runners hit the grund with as much as fur times their bdy weight per step, while race walkers, wh d nt leave the grund, create nly abut 1.4 times their bdy weight with each step.
As a result, she says, sme f the injuries assciated with running, such as runner's knee, are uncmmn amng race walkers. But the sprt's strange frm des place cnsiderable stress n the ankles and hips, s peple with a histry f such injuries might want t be cautius in adpting the sprt. In fact, anyne wishing t try race walking shuld prbably first cnsult a cach r experienced racer t learn prper technique, she says. It takes sme practice.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要围绕竞走运动展开表述。
8.Why are race walkers cnditined athletes? A.They must run lng distances. B.They are qualified fr the marathn. C.They have t fllw special rules. D.They are gd at swinging their legs.
答案 C　解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “But the sprt's rules require that a race walker's knees stay straight thrugh mst f the leg swing and ne ft remain in cntact with the grund at all times.” 可知, 竞走必须遵循特殊的规则。故选C项。
9.What advantage des race walking have ver running?A.It's mre ppular at the Olympics. B.It's less challenging physically. C.It's mre effective in bdy building. D.It's less likely t cause knee injuries.
答案 D　解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段的 “... sme f the injuries assciated with running, such as runner's knee, are uncmmn amng race walkers.” 可知, 与跑步相比, 竞走的优势在于它不大可能使膝盖受伤。故选D项。
10.What is Dr. Nrberg's suggestin fr smene trying race walking?A.Getting experts' pinins. B.Having a medical checkup. C.Hiring an experienced cach. D.Ding regular exercises.
答案 A　解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段的 “In fact, anyne wishing t try race walking shuld prbably first cnsult a cach r experienced racer t learn prper technique...” 可知, Dr. Nrberg对于想尝试竞走运动的人的建议是咨询专业人士的意见。故选A项。
11.Which wrd best describes the authr's attitude t race walking?A.Skeptical. B.Objective. C.Tlerant. D.Cnservative.
答案 B　解析 推理判断题。通读全文, 作者介绍了竞走这项运动的特点——需要遵循一定规则; 膝盖较少受伤, 但会对脚踝和臀部造成压力; 如果想从事这项运动, 需要专业人士的指导。由此可推断, 作者对待竞走的态度是客观的。故选B项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①physically adv.身体上②demanding adj. 要求高的; 费力的③cautius adj.谨慎的; 小心的重点语块④at all times总是; 随时⑤at a pace f...以……的速度/步速⑥(be) assciated with...与……有关精彩句式⑦It des, hwever, have its wn prblem.然而, 它确实有它自己的问题。
D(2020·浙江卷, A) I am an active playger and play-reader, and perhaps my best reasn fr editing this bk is a hpe f sharing my enthusiasm fr the theater with thers. T d this I have searched thrugh dzens f plays t find the nes that I think best shw the pwer and purpse f the shrt play.
Each play has a theme r central idea which the playwright(剧作家) hpes t get acrss thrugh dialgue and actin. A few characters are used t create a single impressin grwing ut f the theme. It is nt my intentin t pint ut the central theme f each f the plays in this cllectin, fr that wuld, indeed, ruin the pleasure f reading, discussing, and thinking abut the plays and the effectiveness f the playwright. Hwever, a variety f types is represented here. These include cmedy, satire, pignant drama, histrical and reginal drama. T shw the versatility(多面性) f the shrt play, I have included a guidance play, a radi play and a televisin play.
Amng the writers f the plays in this cllectin, Paul Green, Susan Glaspell, Maxwell Andersn, Thrntn Wilder, William Saryan, and Tennessee Williams have all received Pulitzer Prizes fr their cntributins t the theater. Mre infrmatin abut the playwrights will be fund at the end f this bk. T get the mst ut f reading these plays, try t picture the play n stage, with yu, the reader, in the audience. The huselights dim(变暗). The curtains are abut t pen, and in a few minutes the actin and dialgue will tell yu the stry.
【语篇导读】本文是一篇说明文。文中作者主要介绍了自己的一本书。
12.What d we knw abut the authr frm the first paragraph?A.He has written dzens f plays. B.He has a deep lve fr the theater. C.He is a prfessinal stage actr. D.He likes reading shrt plays t thers.
答案 B　解析 细节理解题。 根据第一段的 “... and perhaps my best reasn fr editing this bk is a hpe f sharing my enthusiasm fr the theater with thers.” 可知, 作者希望与他人分享对戏剧的热情, 由此可以看出, 作者对戏剧热情很高。故选B项。
13.What des the authr avid ding in his wrk?A.Stating the plays' central ideas. B.Selecting wrks by famus playwrights. C.Including varius types f plays. D.Offering infrmatin n the playwrights.
答案 A　解析 细节理解题。根据第二段的 “It is nt my intentin t pint ut the central theme f each f the plays in this cllectin, fr that wuld, indeed, ruin the pleasure f reading, discussing, and thinking abut the plays and the effectiveness f the playwright.” 可知, 作者并不想指出这本书中每一部戏剧的中心主题。也就是说, 作者避免陈述戏剧的中心思想。故选A项。
14.What des the authr suggest readers d while reading the plays?A.Cntrl their feelings. B.Apply their acting skills. C.Use their imaginatin. D.Keep their audience in mind.
答案 C　解析 细节理解题。根据最后一段的 “T get the mst ut f reading these plays, try t picture the play n stage, with yu, the reader, in the audience.” 可知, 作者建议读者试着想象戏剧在舞台上上演, 这样才能实现最佳的阅读乐趣。由此可知, 作者建议读者运用想象力。故选C项。
15.What is this text?A.A shrt stry. B.An intrductin t a bk. C.A play review. D.An advertisement fr a theater.
答案 B　解析 推理判断题。根据第一段的 “I am an active playger and play-reader, and perhaps my best reasn fr editing this bk is...” 可知, 作者是在介绍自己的一本书。故选B项。
【帮你拓知识】必背单词①playger n.爱看戏的人重点语块②central idea中心思想③get acrss 被理解④grw ut f sth产生于……; 源于……⑤ruin the pleasure f reading 毁掉了阅读的乐趣