【中考二轮】2024年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】（上海通用）热点03+科学新知及自然世界（阅读理解之首字母填空题）-专练.zip

这是一份【中考二轮】2024年中考英语【热点·重点·难点】（上海通用）热点03+科学新知及自然世界（阅读理解之首字母填空题）-专练.zip，文件包含热点03科学新知及自然世界阅读理解之首字母填空题解析版docx、热点03科学新知及自然世界阅读理解之首字母填空题原题版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共28页， 欢迎下载使用。


中考英语首字母填空题命题主要考查学生根据特定的语境和所给提示的首字母写出正确的单词的能备考策略力,集理解、语言知识和单词拼写等要求于一体,要求学生在理解语言意义的基础上,关注语言形式。话题涉及人文历史、健康生活、社会生活等。首字母填空的语料是大多以叙事为主，旅行、吃饭、人际关系、个人经历等这类主题，贴近学生生活，易于理解。考查重点是名词、动词、形容词、副词和代词这几大词类。近十年上海中考首字母填空所选词，请见下表：
✅ 解题能力
掌握首字母填空的解题方法，熟悉不同的文体特征，了解首字母填空的命题思路，以不变应万变
✅ 语言能力
熟悉考纲高频词和常见的短语搭配，扩大词汇量，巩固语法知识，提升综合运用词汇和语法的能力
✅ 阅读能力
做题的同时，增加阅读量和阅读速度，提高快速理解文本的能力
✅ 文化素养
通过阅读，进一步了解英美文化和历史，提升文化素养，开拓国际视野
【应试技巧】
01 速读全文，定词性
读全文：首字母答题的第一步，也是很多学生忽略的一步就是速读全文。了解文章基本大意和作者的写作意图，同时在阅读的过程中把每个空的词性判断出来，然后进入下一步。
02 寻找线索，定词义
划重点：首字母填空每题一定有解题线索！！！要不是你没找到，要不然是出卷人水平不行。很明显，前者概率更大。关注到表达逻辑关系的词汇，毫不夸张地说“得逻辑关系词者，得首字母的天下”。逻辑关系词的重要性不言而喻。
转折逻辑：but, hwever, instead,
举例逻辑：fr example, such as, like, including...
因果逻辑：because, s that, s, as a reasult, that's why, in rder t, t
指代逻辑：this, that, these, it...
03 全文复查，定词形
定词形：这一步较为通俗易懂，即学生首次完成后，要再通读下文章，确认所填词的词形是否有误。典型的错误有如下几点：名词单复数；形容词副词的前后缀、比较级与最高级；动词时态、动名词，t d 不定式等。
一、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）：
String data(数据) has becme mre cnvenient. Thirty years ag, peple had t depend n flppy disks(软磁盘). N 1 , all we have t d is hit the “Save” buttn n ur screens. The files will then be stred in the “clud.” It seems that we will never run ut f space. Isn’t that great?
In fact, hwever, the strage space we nw have is nt c 2 enugh. Every day, 4. 5 billin internet users create a LARGE amunt f data. By 2025, the amunt f data wrldwide will have r 3 175 zettabytes (1 ZB=1012 GB). Clearly, we can’t cver every piece f land n the planet with data centers. S where can we stre all f this data?
Frtunately, sme researchers have been wrking n new strage technlgies. One f these technlgies is DNA strage. DNA strage sunds futurist, but in sme ways, it’s just the ppsite. B 4 cmputers were invented, nature had been using DNA t stre infrmatin.
In 2012, researchers at Harvard University wrte a bk, 11 pictures and a cmputer prgram int human DNA．Each gram f DNA can hld 2.2 petabytes (PB．f infrmatin (1 ZB =1,048,576 PB．If DNA is kept in the right cnditin, it can keep the stred infrmatin s 5 fr a millin years.
There are still p 6 with using DNA fr data strage. Fr example, it takes lts f time t write int and read frm DNA．Scientists are trying t i 7 this technlgy. We will have t wait t see hw their effrts pay ff in the future.
【答案】1．(N)wadays 2．(c)lse 3．(r)eached 4．(B)efre 5．(s)afe 6．(p)rblems 7．(i)mprve
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。随着电脑数据不断增长，储存数据的难度增加，以及DNA技术来储存数据存在的问题。
1．句意：如今，我们所要做的就是点击屏幕上的“保存”按钮。根据“Thirty years ag, peple had t depend n flppy disks(软磁盘).”以及“all we have t d is hit the ‘Save’ buttn n ur screens.”几首字母提示可知，此处说的是现如今的情况，nwadays“如今”，是副词，故填(N)wadays。
2．句意：然而，事实上，我们现在拥有的存储空间还不够紧密。根据“Every day, 4. 5 billin internet users create a LARGE amunt f data. By 2025, the amunt f data wrldwide will zettabytes (1 ZB=1012 GB).”及首字母提示可知，现在拥有的存储空间还不够紧密，此处用形容词clse，故填(c)lse。
3．句意：到2025年，全球数据量将达到175ZB (1 ZB=1012 GB)。根据“the amunt f data wrldwide will zettabytes”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是reach“达到”，介绍过去的事情，动词用过去式，故填(r)eached。
4．句意：在计算机发明之前，大自然一直在使用DNA来存储信息。根据“cmputers were invented, nature had been using DNA t stre infrmatin.”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是计算机发明之前，befre“在……之前”，位于句首的单词首字母要大写，故填(B)efre。
5．句意：如果DNA保存在合适的条件下，它可以将存储的信息安全保存100万年。根据“If DNA is kept in the right cnditin, it can keep the stred a millin years.”及首字母提示可知，此处指的是safe“安全的”，此处是“keep sth+adj”的结构，故填safe。
6．句意：使用DNA进行数据存储仍然存在问题。根据首字母提示及“Fr example, it takes lts f time t write int and read frm DNA.”可知，此处指的是“有问题”，prblem“问题”，结合“There are”可知，此处名词用复数形式，故填(p)rblems。
7．句意：科学家们正在努力改进这项技术。根据“Scientists are trying technlgy. We will have t wait t see hw their effrts pay ff in the future.”及首字母提示可知，此处说的是技术正在改进中，imprve“提升”，空前有t，此处动词用原形，故填(i)mprve。
二、Fill in the blanks with prper wrds（在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给）
What is Technlgy? Technlgy is the applicatin (应用) f knwledge t prductin. With the develpment f science and technlgy, we can enjy the cnvenience f life. We have been able t increase greatly the efficiency f ur wrk because f m 8 technlgy. Fr mst f us in America, technlgy is thught f as the reasn why we can have cars and televisin sets.
Hwever, technlgy has als increased the amunt f fd a 9 t us by means f gd farming machinery and animal breeding techniques, and has extended ur life span (寿命). S it raises a questin. Will human beings cntinue t live lnger and have a higher quality f life? The answer depends n technlgy and ur ability t use it w 10 . If we keep making prgress as we have ver the past fifty years, the answer is definitely yes. The imprvement in technlgy depends upn research and d 11 , and the latest statistics (统计) shw that the United States is cntinuing t spend billins f dllars every year n such e 12 . S while we are running ut f sme scarce resurces, we may find technlgical substitutes (代用品) fr many f them thrugh ur research prgrammes.
Actually, when we need new skills n techniques in medicine, peple will start develping new technlgy t meet thse needs. Peple will wrk tgether t design new prducts t s 13 sme difficult prblems. When equipment prves t be slw r inefficient, new machines will be i 14 in respnse t it.
【答案】8．(m)dern 9．(a)vailable 10．(w)idely 11．(d)evelpment 12．(e)ffrts 13．(s)lve 14．(i)nvented
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要讲述技术的发明创造、应用与作用。
8．句意：由于现代技术，我们已经能够很大程度提高工作效率。根据“increase greatly the efficiency f ur wrk because f ... technlgy”以及首字母可知，提高工作效率应是因为现代科技，mdern“现代的”符合语境，形容词作定语。故填(m)dern。
9．句意：然而，通过良好的农业机械和动物育种技术，技术也增加了我们可获得的食物数量。根据“technlgy has als increased the amunt f us”以及首字母可知，应是技术增加了我们可获得的食物数量，available “可获得的”符合语境。故填(a)vailable。
10．句意：答案取决于技术和我们广泛使用技术的能力。空处应填副词修饰动词use，根据“The answer depends n technlgy and ur ability t use it...”以及首字母可知，此处指广泛运用，widely“广泛地”符合语境。故填(w)idely。
11．句意：技术的进步依赖于研究和发展。and连接两个并列成分，结合research可知，空处也应用名词；根据“The imprvement in technlgy depends upn research”以及首字母可知，技术的进步是要依赖于发展的，develpment“发展”，不可数名词。故填(d)evelpment。
12．句意：最新的统计数据显示，美国每年仍在这方面投入数十亿美元。such修饰名词；根据“the latest statistics shw that the United States is cntinuing t spend billins f dllars every year”以及首字母可知，此处指美国方面的努力，effrt“努力”，可数名词，所以此处应用复数。故填(e)ffrts。
13．句意：人们会一起工作，设计新产品，以解决一些难题。根据“sme difficult prblems”以及首字母可知，应是解决问题，slve“解决”，不定式符号t后应用动词原形。故填(s)lve。
14．句意：当设备运行慢或者低效的时候，为了解决这个问题，新的机器会被发明出来。根据“When equipment prves t be slw r inefficient”可知，此处指发明新机器，invent“发明”，且“机器是被发明”，所以用被动语态，空处应用过去分词。故填(i)nvented。
三、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）：
Mary Anning: The Fssil Hunter
As a fssil（化石）scientist, Mary Anning (1700—1847) made great cntributins（贡献）t her field in the 19th century. Her name is nw widely knwn in Britain and even Eurpe. But that was nt always the case.
Anning was a talented wman. She was brn in a pr family in Lyme Regis, Britain. She did nt receive any prper educatin and had t teach h 15 gelgy（地质学）and palentlgy（古生物学）.
Anning grew up by the sea. At a yung age, she shwed great interest in studying the fssils alng the castline. Anning wrked very hard. She went ut in all weathers t search fr fssils. At the age f 12, she uncvered a skeletn that lked like a crcdile. Then, after ten years f tireless e 16 , she made an amazing discvery. It was a huge fssil f smething that the wrld had never seen befre.
Hwever, many f Anning’s findings d 17 with the widely accepted theries（理论）at that time. S mst f the scientists didn’t believe r recgnize the value f her findings. What’s mre, in that perid, peple s 18 respected wmen. Anning’s findings were even published withut her name. During her lifetime, the wman was never s 19 cnsidered t be a scientist.
But such trubles didn’t stp Anning frm making mre discveries. The wman was still keen n studying v 20 sizes and types f fssils alngside the sea. Sme f them were as large as a huge rck while thers were smaller than an egg. Until 1829, she carefully uncvered a skeletn f a fssil fish which made her knwn amng first-class scientists. Her discveries helped t study sme extinct（已灭绝的）animals. They frmed the basis fr Charles Darwin’s On the Origin f Species（《物种起源》）.
In recent years, mre and mre peple have cme t realize the imprtance f Anning’s wrk. She is nw listed amng the tp ten British wmen wh have greatly a 21 the histry f science. Anning was an ambitius and hard-wrking wman in histry. She deserves t be remembered.
【答案】15．(h)erself 16．(e)xplratins 17．(d)iffered 18．(s)eldm 19．(s)eriusly 20．(v)arius 21．(a)ffected
【导语】本文介绍了英国女性科学家化石猎人玛丽·安宁的科学研究经历。
15．句意：她没有接受任何真正的教育，只能自学地质学和古生物学。根据“She did nt receive any prper educatin”可知，她没有接受任何真正的教育，因此她只能自学。teach neself sth意为“自学某物”，主语为She，首字母为h，因此应填入反身代词herself。故填(h)erself。
16．句意：然后，经过十年的不懈探索，她有了一个惊人的发现。根据上文“She went ut in all weathers t search fr fssils. At the age f 12, she uncvered a skeletn that lked like a crcdile.”和首字母e可知，“寻找化石”和“发现像鳄鱼的骨架”都是安宁在探索，形容词tireless应是修饰名词explratin“探索”，此处应用其复数形式explratins。故填(e)xplratins。
17．句意：然而，安宁的许多发现与当时被广泛接受的理论不同。根据下一句“S mst f the scientists didn’t believe r recgnize the value f her findings.”可知，大多数科学家不相信或不认可她的发现的价值，说明她的发现与当时的科学家们的理论不同，根据“frm”和首字母d，可知动词短语differ frm表示“与……不同”，该句应用一般过去时，动词differ的过去式为differed。故填(d)iffered。
18．句意：而且，在那个时期，人们极少尊重女性。根据下一句“Anning’s findings were even published withut her name.”和首字母s，可知她的发现甚至没有被冠上她的名字就被发布，说明此处应用频度副词seldm来表示当时人们对女性的不尊重。故填(s)eldm。
19．句意：在她的一生中，这位女士从未被认真地认为是一位科学家。根据上文“What’s mre, in that perid, peple…respected wmen. Anning’s findings were even published withut her name.”可知，在她所在的时代，女性不被尊重，女性的科学研究不被认可，由此可知，她也从未被认真地认为是一位科学家。结合首字母s，此处应用副词seriusly修饰动词cnsidered。故填(s)eriusly。
20．句意：这位女士仍然热衷于研究海边各种大小和类型的化石。根据“ and types f fssils”及首字母v可知，此处指研究各种大小和类型的化石，应用形容词varius“各种各样的”来修饰名词sizes and types f fssils。故填(v)arius。
21．句意：她现在被列为对科学史产生重大影响的十大英国女性之一。根据“have”可知后接动词的过去分词构成现在完成时；根据上文“Her discveries helped t study sme extinct（已灭绝的）animals. They frmed the basis fr Charles Darwin’s On the Origin f Species（《物种起源》）.”和首字母a可知，她影响了科学史，此处应填入动词affect“影响”的过去分词affected。故填(a)ffected。
四、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给）：
Cell phnes have becme ne f the mst useful devices in the past half century. The first cell phne had nly ne use—calling smene. Tday’s smart-phnes are really minicmputers that allw users t d many things at nce. Peple can send t 22 and emails, listen t music, take pictures and vides, and find infrmatin nline.
Cell phnes are perfect fr learning in schl. Fr example, students can find infrmatin n the Internet, s 23 math prblems and share ntes. They can use calendars and alarms fr reminders abut hmewrk, prjects, and tests. They can even share ideas n scial media.
Sme schls dn’t allw cell phnes b 24 they think the phnes can distract students frm their wrk. Sme teachers wrry that students wn’t pay attentin and will need t be reminded t put dwn their phnes. They als wrry that students will spend lunches and recess playing games r using scial media. Kids culd miss ut n quality time spent with friends.
Teachers and parents als wrry abut students using phnes t cheat n tests r bully thers. Cheating is unfair and des nt help students learn. Bullying h 25 classmates. Studies shw that yunger students are mre likely t be bulled if they have cell phnes.
Hwever, researchers have fund that mst parents and teachers want students t have phnes. It is imprtant fr parents and children t be able t keep in tuch. Teachers like using phnes during lessns because students are mre interested and pay c 26 attentin.
Many teachers feel that the benefits utweigh the prblems if students learn t use the cell phnes c 27 . Teachers and parents can teach kids t use cell phnes in a safe way that helps them learn new things. In class, phnes shuld be s 28 and used nly fr lessns. Students shuld als track time spent n their phnes and avid using them t much. Students shuld be allwed t use cell phnes in schl. Setting gd grund rules can imprve learning fr everyne.
【答案】22．(t)exts 23．(s)lve 24．(b)ecause 25．(h)urts 26．(c)lser 27．(c)rrectly 28．(s)tred
【导语】本文主要讨论了应不应该让学生在学校使用智能手机的问题。
22．句意：人们可以发送短信和电子邮件，听音乐，拍照和视频，并在网上查找信息。根据“Peple can send ... and emails”及首字母和常识可知，手机可以发短信，text“短信”，此处应用复数形式，与emails形成并列关系，故填(t)exts。
23．句意：例如，学生可以在互联网上找到信息，解决数学问题和分享笔记。根据“math prblems”及首字母可知，应是解决问题，slve“解决”，此处与“find infrmatin”是并列关系，所以用动词原形，故填(s)lve。
24．句意：一些学校不允许学生使用手机，因为他们认为手机会分散学生的学习注意力。空后“they think the phnes can distract students frm their wrk他们认为手机会分散学生的注意力”是空前“不允许学生使用手机”的原因，所以应用because引导原因状语从句，故填(b)ecause
25．句意：欺凌会伤害同学。根据“Bullying... classmates”及首字母和常识可知，欺凌会使学生收到伤害，hurt“使受伤”，时态是一般现在时，主语是动名词，谓语动词用三单形式，故填(h)urts。
26．句意：老师们喜欢在课堂上使用手机，因为学生们更感兴趣，注意力也更集中。空处应填形容词作定语修饰名词attentin。根据“mre interested and pay ”及首字母可知，感兴趣的话，注意力也会更集中，pay clse attentin“集中注意力”，由“mre interested”可知，空处应用clse的比较级clser，故填(c)lser。
27．句意：许多老师认为，如果学生学会正确使用手机 ，利会大于弊.。根据“the benefits utweigh the prblems”及首字母可知，应是说正确使用手机的话，会利大于弊，空处应填副词crrectly“正确地”修饰动词use，故填(c)rrectly。
28．句意：在课堂上，手机应该储存起来，只用于功课。根据“phnes shuld be... and used nly fr lessns”及首字母可知，应是上课时，手机应被存放起来，stre“存放”，shuld be后应跟过去分词构成被动语态，故填(s)tred。
五、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds. (首字母填空，每空格限填一词，首字母已给)
New Yrk City’s plice department (NYPD) has decided t return a rbt dg. Thugh the rbt wrked well, it upset many peple. Sme thught it was “creepy (吓人的)”. Others w 29 that it wuld invade (侵犯) their privacy.
Spt is a dg-shaped rbt built by a tech cmpany. The rbt has fur legs, s even n rugh grund it can mve e 30 . Instead f a head, the rbt has a camera. It als has a micrphne and a speaker, and peple can cntrl it frm a distance.
In December, 2020, the NYPD annunced (宣布) that it wuld begin using a special versin f Spt. Their rbt was painted blue. It has a special camera t allw it t “see” everything n all sides f it. They called their versin “Digidg”.
The rbt cst the NYPD abut $94,000. That may seem like a lt f mney, but it’s cheap fr a rbt.
When it annunced Digidg, the NYPD said, “This dg is ging t save lives, prtect peple, and prtect fficers, and that’s ur g 31 . ”
They sn fund ut that nt everyne was excited abut the rbt as they were. After the rbt was brught t an emergency call in February, a vide f it was shared w 32 , and upset a lt f peple.
Many peple were cncerned that the plice were using an electrnic dg fr spying (暗中监视). Others felt like it was wrng fr the plice t spend mney n machines. They shuld fcus n p 33 .
Fr many peple, the cncern wasn’t just abut this rbt dg, but abut what future plice rbts might lk like. Fr example, they feared that the plice might use a rbt that culd cntrl its 34 mvements, r ne that carried weapns.
When the dg was used a 35 in late April, 2021, anther vide was shared n the Internet. Many peple were still upset. As a result f the strng public reactin, the NYPD decided t get rid f Digidg, and t return him t the tech cmpany.
【答案】29．(w)rried 30．(e)asily 31．(g)al 32．(w)idely 33．(p)eple 34．()wn 35．(a)gain
【导语】本文讲述了纽约市警察局因为使用机器人狗给人们带来的担忧和恐慌，最终他们决定把机器人狗归还到科技公司。
29．句意： 其他人则担心这会侵犯他们的隐私。根据前文“it upset many peple”可知，这里表示其他人“担心”会侵犯他们的隐私，是一般过去时。故填(w)rried。
30．句意：这个机器人有四条腿，所以即使在粗糙的地面上它也能很容易地移动。根据前文“The rbt has fur legs”可知，它可以非常“轻松地”移动，修饰动词mve，用副词形式。故填(e)asily。
31．句意：这只狗将拯救生命，保护人民，保护官员，这是我们的目标。结合首字母及句意可知，拯救生命，保护人民，保护军官是我们买这个机器人狗的“目的”，有空前that’s可知，这里是单数。故填(g)al。
32．句意：今年2月，这个机器人被带到一个紧急呼叫中心后，它的视频被广泛分享，并让很多人感到不安。根据后文“and upset a lt f peple”可知，这个视频被“广泛”分享，用来修饰动词shared，所以是副词。故填(w)idely。
33．句意：他们应该以人为本。这里和前文“n machines”相对应，所以指的是关注“人”。故填(p)eple。
34．句意：例如，他们担心警察可能会使用可以控制自己运动的机器人，或者携带武器的机器人。这里指的是机器人“自己的”运动。故填()wn。
35．句意：2021年4月下旬再次使用该狗时，网上又分享了一段视频。根据后文“anther vide was shared n the Internet”可知，这是在2020年12月之后的“又一次”使用这个机器人。故填(a)gain。
一、Fill in the blanks with prper wrds (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。)
Hme sweet hme—this phrase brings back gd memries and feelings. The place yu call hme might be a huse, a flat, a tent r ther places.
H 1 did yu knw that the cnditin f yur living space can have an effect n yur emtins (情感) and even n yur mental health? By rganizing yur living space, yu can help t achieve a mre peaceful life.
Add light
It ges withut saying that the lighting in yur rm r in yur huse can a 2 yur md. If the lighting is t dim (昏暗的), yur md may end up matching the dark atmsphere. Artificial (人工的) light may nt d the trick, thugh. It is better t pen yur curtains because n 3 sunlight makes yur whle day brighter.
G green
T make sure yu have gd mental health, surrund yurself with green plants. A large number f studies have shwn that the presence f green plants in yur hme can i 4 md.
Chse clrs w 5
The clr f yur envirnment has an active influence n yur md. Chsing clrs that create a calm atmsphere (氛围) can be a type f treatment.
Clean it up
Let’s all admit it; We have truble keeping ur space clean. But it desn’t just lk terrible; it makes yu feel terrible. An untidy rm bth shws stress and causes stress. Disrder can shw that yu’re t busy t keep things tidy, but then lking at a m 6 can lead t mre stress.
Cleaning up desn’t have t take all day—just take 10 r 15 minutes and put a few things away. Yu will be surprised hw much better yu’ll feel.
There is n l 7 t ways yu can make yur envirnment gd fr yur mental health. Yu can put up phts f yur family and friends r pst encuraging ntes frm peple that shw hw much they lve yu. Just remember: Yur surrundings can make “hme sweet hme” much sweeter.
【答案】1．(H)w 2．(a)ffect 3．(n)atural 4．(i)mprve 5．(w)isely 6．(m)ess 7．(l)imit
【导语】本文介绍居住空间的条件会影响你的情绪，甚至会影响你的心理健康。文章具体给出一些建议。
1．句意：你如何知道你的居住空间的条件会影响你的情绪，甚至影响你的心理健康？根据后句“By rganizing yur living space, yu can help t achieve a mre peaceful life.”可知，强调方式，用疑问词Hw放句首，故填(H)w。
2．句意：不用说，你房间或家里的灯光会影响你的情绪。根据“It ges withut saying that the lighting in yur rm r in yur huse can md.”可知，灯光会影响你的情绪，affect“影响”，情态动词后用动词原形，故填(a)ffect。
3．句意：最好打开窗帘，因为自然光会让你的一整天都更明亮。根据“It is better t pen yur curtains because makes yur whle day brighter.”可知，打开窗帘，自然光会进来；natural“自然的”，作定语修饰sunlight，故填(n)atural。
4．句意：大量研究表明，在家里摆放绿色植物可以改善情绪。根据“A large number f studies have shwn that the presence f green plants in yur hme can ”可知，绿色植物可以改善情绪，imprve“改善”，情态动词后用动词原形，故填(i)mprve。
5．句意：明智地选择颜色 根据“Chse clrs ...”可知，要明智地选择颜色，wisely“明智地”，修饰动词，故填(w)isely。
6．句意：混乱可能表明你太忙而无法保持东西整洁，但是看着混乱会导致更多的压力。根据“Disrder can shw that yu’re t busy t keep things tidy, but then lking at a lead t mre stress.”可知，看着混乱会导致更多的压力，mess“混乱”符合语境，故填(m)ess。
7．句意：让你的环境对你的心理健康有益的方法是没有限制的。根据“There is n ways yu can make yur envirnment gd fr yur mental health.”可知，让你的环境对你的心理健康有益的方法是没有限制的，limit“限制”符合语境，故填(l)imit。
二、Fill in the blanks with prper wrds (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。)
The Cst f Traveling t Antarctica
“Why d yu want t travel t Antarctica? Isn’t it very cld and very far away?”
I was asked these same questins ver and ver again when I tld my friends abut my plan t travel t the suthernmst cntinent. T be hnest, I, l 8 many ther travelers, just wanted t crss this pure-white wnderland ff my bucket list (人生愿望清单). The trip, hwever, turned ut t be a great lessn abut the Antarctic envirnment. On my way back, I culdn’t help asking myself, “Hw have I affected the Antarctic envirnment? Shuld I have even traveled t the cntinent?” Any type f travel cmes with an envirnmental cst. My guide tld me that f all means f transprt, ships had sme f the largest carbn ftprints. That means they prduce lts f greenhuse gases. In additin, the nise f ships p 9 thrugh the cean can cause serius harm t sea life.
When we travel frm ne place t anther, we spread seeds a 10 bacteria (细菌) thrugh ur clthing, bdies and luggage. Fr Antarctica, these nn-native seeds and bacteria can be very damaging. Tur peratrs try t prevent this prblem by prviding travelers with special bts. Travelers must wear them whenever they leave their ships. Their uterwear must als be cleaned b 11 it can be wrn fr landing. Hwever, when they get ht while hiking, travelers may take ff their uterwear and the clthes they wear underneath are nt usually required t be cleaned.
The increase in turism in Antarctica may als bring abut sme unknwn risks. Fr example, since there is n native human ppulatin in Antarctica, the l 12 animals are nt used t sharing their hmes with us. We may nt be able t n 13 any prblems nw, but when we begin t see changes, it may already be t late.
It was truly wnderful t see the b 14 f Antarctica with my wn eyes. Hwever, my trip did harm the Antarctic envirnment and wildlife. Befre yu decide t land n the cntinent, please think twice abut the true “cst” f yur trip.
【答案】8．(l)ike 9．(p)assing 10．(a)nd 11．(b)efre 12．(l)cal 13．(n)tice 14．(b)eauty
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了南极旅游。
8．句意：老实说，我和许多其他旅行者一样，只是想把这个纯白的仙境从我的遗愿清单上划掉。“ ther travelers”作插入语，此处缺少介词，like“像”，表示“像其他旅行者一样”。故填(l)ike。
9．句意：此外，船只通过海洋时发出的噪音会对海洋生物造成严重危害。此处修饰ships，pass thrugh“穿过”，现在分词作定语，表示“通过海洋的船只”。故填(p)assing。
10．句意：当我们从一个地方旅行到另一个地方时，我们通过衣服、身体和行李传播了种子和细菌。seeds和bacteria属于并列关系。故填(a)nd。
11．句意：他们的外套也必须清洗干净才能穿着登陆。此处引导时间状语从句，befre“在……之前”，表示“在登陆前”。故填(b)efre。
12．句意：例如，由于南极洲没有土著人口，当地的动物不习惯与我们共享家园。此处修饰animals，由“sharing their hmes with us”可知，此处表示“本地的动物”，lcal“本地的”。故填(l)cal。
13．句意：我们现在可能无法注意到任何问题，但当我们开始看到变化时，可能已经太晚了。此处缺少动词，由“see changes”可知，此处表示“看到改变”，此处应呼应，表示“注意到问题”，ntice“注意到”，be able t d sth“能够做某事”，此处用动词原形。故填(n)tice。
14．句意：亲眼看到南极洲的美景真是太棒了。此处缺少名词，由“with my wn eyes”可知，这里表示“亲眼看到”，the beauty f“……的美景”。故填(b)eauty。
三、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺，每空格限填一词，首字母已给)
Apps t excite yur inner artist
Staying at hme withut teachers and classmates, yu prbably will play with yur smart phne t get thrugh the lng days. But hw can yu unlck yur phne’s full ptential? Start dwnlading sme interesting and creative apps that will help yu k 15 time and bredm. We have chsen three fr yu. Try them ut and have fun.
Easy Vice Changer
When yu watch sci-fi mvies, yu may have nticed that peple can change their vices in phne calls and recrdings. D yu want t have this magical a 16 ? Well, Easy Vice Changer will make yur wish cme true. It’s quite easy t use. Users simply recrd their vices in the app. Then, it can change t sund like different vices. These i 17 vices f an alien, a rbt, a mnster, a kid, a bee, a ghst and many mre. If yu want t have fun with yur friends, why nt send them a freaky phne recrding?
Meme (表情包) Generatr Free
We are the meme generatin. Yung peple are nt willing t send text. They prefer using memes t make a pint i 18 . But d yu want meme special memes? Make yur wn, with Meme Generatr Free! The app has mre than 1,000 high-quality meme templates (模板) t use. Yu can chse pht r snap (拍照) ne t insert nt the template. Yur friends will appreciate yur imaginatin and thank yu fr giving them a r 19 t laugh.
Psychedelic (迷幻的) Camera
Are yu tired f fllwing rules? D yu just want t make smething a 20 ? Yu definitely need t check ut Psychedelic Camera. The app lets yu chse pictures frm yur pht gallery and add filters (滤镜) t it. “Yu can simply pwer up the camera and view yur surrundings in chatic (混乱) clrs and patterns — it’s delightful. S that it is hard fr anyne t r 21 yu anymre.” said Anml Sachdeva n US technlgy website Beebm.
【答案】15．(k)ill 16．(a)bility 17．(i)nclude 18．(i)nstead 19．(r)easn 20．(a)mazing 21．(r)ecgnize/(r)ecgnise
【导语】本文介绍了三款激发你内心的艺术家的应用程序。
15．句意：开始下载一些有趣和有创意的应用程序，帮助你消磨时间和无聊。根据“Start dwnlading sme interesting and creative apps”可知这有助于消磨时间，kill“消磨（时间），打发（时光）”，help sb. d sth.“帮助某人做某事”。故填(k)ill。
16．句意：你想拥有这种神奇的能力吗？根据“When yu watch sci-fi mvies, yu may have nticed that peple can change their vices in phne calls and recrdings.”可知此处表示在电话和录音中改变声音的能力，ability“能力”，结合“this”可知用单数。故填(a)bility。
17．句意：这些声音包括外星人、机器人、怪物、孩子、蜜蜂、鬼魂等等。根据“Then, it can change t sund like different vices.”可知此处讲不同的声音包括什么，句子缺少谓语，include“包括”，结合上下文可知用一般现在时，主语These后接动词原形。故填(i)nclude。
18．句意：他们更喜欢用表情包来表达观点。根据“prefer using memes t make a pint”可知使用表情包代替语言来表达观点，instead“反而，代替”。故填(i)nstead。
19．句意：你的朋友会欣赏你的想象力，感谢你给了他们一个开怀大笑的理由。根据“thank yu fr giving them a r... t laugh”可知是给了朋友们大笑的理由，reasn“理由”，a后接名词单数。故填(r)easn。
20．句意：你只是想做出令人惊叹的事情吗？根据“Are yu tired f fllwing rules?”及首字母a可知此处问是否想做一些令人惊叹的事情，amazing“令人惊叹的”。故填(a)mazing。
21．句意：这样别人就很难认出你了。根据“The app lets yu chse pictures frm yur pht gallery and add filters t it.”可知给照片添加滤镜，让人难以认出自己，recgnize/recgnise“认出”，t后接动词原形构成动词不定式。故填(r)ecgnize/(r)ecgnise。
四、Fill in the blanks with prper wrds (在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给。)
We knw animals have emtins. They can feel fear. We als think they feel lve, since they have strng relatinships with each ther. S are animal emtins s 22 t ur wn? And d animals have a sense f humr?
A Parrt’s Jke
Sally’s parrt Bng didn’t get alng with her a 23 parrt, Pac. In fact, Bng clearly didn’t like Pac at all! One day, Sally cked a chicken fr dinner. She started t cut the chicken with a knife.
“Oh, n! Pac!” Bng said ludly and laughed. Sally laughed, t, and said, “That chicken is nt Pac.” “Oh…n,” said Bng. This time, she sunded d 24 . Then the parrt laughed at her wn jke.
Yga Dg
Jean enjys yga and s des her dg Buffy. W 25 Jean des yga, Buffy carefully places her tys n Jean’s bdy. If a ty falls, Buffy runs t put it b 26 . Des this behavir have any real purpse? “She thinks it’s funny!” says Jean.
Animal Laughter
Can dgs “laugh”? Recent research shws that dgs can tell each ther when they want t play. They make a special sund a kind f “laugh.”Psychlgist (心理学家) Patricia recrded the sund. Then she played it t dgs and s 27 their behavir. “All the dgs seemed t like the laugh,” says Patricia. S d animals have a sense f humr? If laughter is a clue, then p 28 the answer is “yes!”.
【答案】22．(s)imilar 23．(a)nther 24．(d)isappinted 25．(W)hile/(W)hen 26．(b)ack 27．(s)tudied 28．(p)erhaps
【导语】本文介绍了动物是否有幽默感的研究。
22．句意：那么动物的情感和我们的相似吗？根据“And d animals have a sense f humr?”和首字母可知，作者反问动物的情感是否和人类相似。similar“相似的”符合语境，故填(s)imilar。
23．句意：莎莉的鹦鹉邦戈和她的另一只鹦鹉帕科相处得不好。根据“Sally’s parrt Bng didn’t get alng with her , Pac.”可知，帕科是莎莉的另一只鹦鹉，应用anther。故填(a)nther。
24．句意：这一次，她听起来很失望。根据上文“In fact, Bng clearly didn’t like Pac at all!”可知，邦戈显然一点也不喜欢帕科，所以当莎莉说这个要吃的鸡不是帕科时，她很失望，应用形容词disappinted。故填(d)isappinted。
25．句意：吉恩做瑜伽时，巴菲小心翼翼地把玩具放在吉恩的身上。根据“Jean des yga, Buffy carefully places her tys n Jean’s bdy.”可知，这里是主从复合句，结合首字母可知，可以用while或when引导时间状语从句。故填(W)hile/(W)hen。
26．句意：如果一个玩具掉了，巴菲跑去把它放回去。根据“If a ty falls, Buffy runs t put it b...”可知，狗会把吉恩身上的玩具再放回去。此处应用副词back。故填(b)ack。
27．句意：然后她把这首歌放给狗听，研究它们的行为。根据上文“Recent research shws that dgs can tell each ther when they want t play.”和首字母可知，这里是研究狗的行为。study“研究”，动词，根据played可知，动词用过去式。故填(s)tudied。
28．句意：如果笑声是一个线索，那么也许答案是“是的！”根据“S d animals have a sense f humr? If laughter is a clue, then answer is ‘yes!’.”可知，这里是表示一种可能性，perhaps“可能”符合语境，故填(p)erhaps。
五、Read the passage and fill in the blanks with prper wrds(在短文的空格内填入适当的词，使其内容通顺。每空格限填一词，首字母已给)
Plants “Talk”
Scientists have knwn fr years that plants respnd t sunds arund them. But nw scientists in Israel have shwn that plants als seem t be ding sme “talking”.
Prfessr Hadany and her team at Aviv University set up micrphnes t r 29 tmat plants under different situatins. The result shwed that the plants made ultrasnic sunds (超声波) . When the researchers changed the sunds int nes that humans culd hear, they heard sharp clicking nises (咔哒声) .
As the scientists studied the sunds, they ntice the regularity. Plants h 30 clicked when they had enugh water. But as their sil (土壤) gt drier, they began t click.
When scientists cut ff a stem frm the plants, the plants als clicked mre. But the clicking wasn’t the same as when the plants needed water. The result suggests that researchers may ne day be able t use a plant’s sunds t find ut when it is having truble, and what truble it is having. That culd be very helpful t f 31 .
The ther research has shwn that plants als make sunds t cmmunicate in sme ways. When insects a 32 a plant, it will give a warning t its neighburs. Sn, nearby plants start t make chemicals that dn’t taste gd t insects. It’s an effective way fr plants t p 33 themselves.
Then here is a questin: Is anything listening t the plants? Dr. Hadany pints ut that mice wh live n plants can hear the sunds. The clicks may tell them whether a plant has prblems. If the plant isn’t h 34 , they will avid it.
As Dr. Hadany says, “Even in a quiet field, there are actually sunds that we dn’t hear, and thse sunds carry i 35 . The team’s research has already changed ur ideas abut plants.”
【答案】29．(r)ecrd 30．(h)ardly 31．(f)armers 32．(a)ttack 33．(p)rtect 34．(h)ealthy 35．(i)nfrmatin
【导语】本文主要介绍了植物能够发出声音，并且这些声音能够告诉人们植物遇到了什么问题。
29．句意：特拉维夫大学的Hadany教授和她的团队设置了麦克风来记录不同情况下的番茄植株。根据“tmat plants under different situatins”可知是记录不同情况下的番茄植株，recrd“记录”，动词不定式符号t后加动词原形。故填(r)ecrd。
30．句意：当植物有足够的水时，它们几乎不会发出咔哒声。根据“But as their sil (土壤) gt drier, they began t click.”可知当土壤干燥时，它们开始发出咔哒声，但是当有足够的水时，几乎不会发出咔哒声，hardly“几乎不”。故填(h)ardly。
31．句意：这对农民很有帮助。根据“researchers may ne day be able t use a plant’s sunds t find ut when it is having truble, and what truble it is having. That culd be very helpful t”可知对植物的研究结果对农民有帮助，farmer“农民”，此处用名词复数。故填(f)armers。
32．句意：当昆虫攻击植物时，它会向邻居发出警告。根据“it will give a warning t its neighburs”可知是受到攻击时，会发出警告，attack“攻击”，when引导的从句用一般现在时，主语是名词复数，谓语动词用原形。故填(a)ttack。
33．句意：这是植物保护自己的有效方法。根据“It’s an effective way fr plants ”可知附近的植物开始散发对昆虫来说味道不好的化学物质，这是植物在保护自己，prtect“保护”，动词不定式符号t后加动词原形。故填(p)rtect。
34．句意：如果这种植物不健康，它们就会避开它。根据“they will avid it.”可知当植物不健康时，老鼠就会避开它，healthy“健康的”。故填(h)ealthy。
35．句意：即使在安静的田野里，实际上也有我们听不到的声音，这些声音传递着信息。根据“there are actually sunds that we dn’t hear, and thse sunds carry”可知这些声音传递着信息，infrmatin“信息”，不可数名词。故填(i)nfrmatin。