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专题2.06 用明喻修辞格增添描述力度-2024年新高考英语读后续写提分技能
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这是一份专题2.06 用明喻修辞格增添描述力度-2024年新高考英语读后续写提分技能，共16页。试卷主要包含了06 用明喻修辞格增添描述力度，用介词as，like，f等等内容，欢迎下载使用。
知识回顾
1
英语的明喻是英语中最常用、最简便的修辞格之一，在文学作品中尤其如此。它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词(如like, as, , as if, as thugh, seem等)的连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物，指出两个不同事物的相似之处。Rhetric In Practice (《英文实用修辞学》)一书这样来解释明喻：“A simile is an expressed 1ikeness.The simplest and mst direct way f cnnting an idea with smething else is by means f using similes．Simile is the neuter singular f the Latin adjective ‘similis’ meaning like.”Simile(明喻)运用广泛，可借以状物、写景、抒情、喻理，使表达生动形象，明白易懂，新鲜有趣。
明喻的基本格式是：”本体+比喻词+喻 体”。 例如：“The USA is like a big melting pt where immigrants f different cultures r races frm an integrated sciety. ”其 中，The USA 是本体，喻体是 melting pt， 比喻词是 like, 喻体和本体的相似之处都是拥有“包容”的特点。
但是，本体与喻体一般为两个不同事物(如属同类也应具不同性质或特征)，比喻方可成立。例如：
① Peter is as tall as his father.
② Peter is as tall as a Mayple.
上述例句中，例①不算明喻，只是一个比较句，因为Peter及其father同属人类；而例②才是比喻句，因为Peter与Mayple分属人与物。
方法策略
2
一、用明喻升级句法表达的方法
1.用介词as，like，f等。
(1)As
例如： Beauty is as summer fruits, which are easy t crrupt and cannt last…美者犹如夏日蔬果，易腐难存…
Overhead the hllw stretch f whitish clud shutting ut the sky was as a tent which had the wh1e earth as its flr。头顶上方，夺据了天际上无尽空荡的白云，宛如高悬的帐篷一般，把整个荒原做了它的地面。
Out f the sleeves came strng bny wrists and hands gnarled kntted and hard as peach branches. 从袖子里伸出一双瘦骨嶙峋的大手，像桃树枝一样，瘤节盘错，坚硬粗壮。
I wandered lnely as a clud. 我像一朵浮云独自漫游。
They are as like as tw peas.他们两个长得一模一样。
His yung daughter lks as red as a rse.他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。
I passed and repassed the huse, and stpped and listened at the dr; all was dark and silent as the grave. 我在那房子前面走了几趟，并在门口停下来听了听；一片漆黑，沉寂得像座坟墓。
▲英语里有不少含有明喻的成语，其结构为“as+形容词+as+名词”。例如：
as firm as a rck 坚如磐石
as light as a feather 轻如鸿毛
as clse as an yster 守口如瓶
as mute as a fish 噤若寒蝉
as strng as hrse 强壮如牛
as cl as a cucumber 泰然自若
as sber as a judge 十分清醒
as sure as a gun 千真万确
（2）Like
例如：Paris is a mrgue withut yu; befre I knew yu, it was Paris, and I thught it heavens; but nw it is a vast desert f deslatin and lneliness. It is like the face f a clck, bereft f its hands. 没有你，巴黎成了一座陈尸所；我认识你之前，巴黎就是巴黎。我把它看成天堂；然而现在它变成了一片荒凉而寂寞的沙漠。它像一个没有时针、分针和秒针的钟面。
All that I had t shw, as a man f letters, were these few tales and essays, which had blssmed ut like flwers in the calm summer f my heart and mind. 作为一个作家，我所能贡献出来的只有这么几篇故事和散文，它们像我心头温和的夏天灿烂开放的花朵。
He wrks 1ike a hrse／beaver／Trjan／black. 他辛辛苦苦地干活。
They spent mney like water. 他们挥金如土。
He talks like a bk.他老是文绉绉地说话。
He eats like a hrse.他吃得很多。
He smkes 1ike a chimney. 他抽烟很厉害。
Living withut an aim is like sailing withut a cmpass. 生活没有目标犹如航行没有指南针。
He was like a cck wh thught the sun had risen frm him t crw. 他这人就像一只骄傲的公鸡，以为太阳升起是为了它的啼叫。
Recrds fell like ripe apples n a windy day. 被打破的记录有如刮风天成熟的苹果纷纷坠落。
（3）Of
例如：He has a heart f stne.他有一副铁石心肠。
He has the heart f a1in, but he des everything in a dwn-t-earth way. 他有狮子般的勇气，他办事十分认真。
He is smetimes bad-tempered but really he’s gt a heart f gld.有时候他似乎脾气不好，但他的心眼可好了。
2.用连词as (犹如)，what (犹如)，as if, as thugh, than, and, the way 等。
例如： His heart shivered as a ship shivers at the muntainus crash f the waters. 他的心颤动，好像一艘船在海浪搏击中震荡一样。
Air is t man as water is t fish.人离不开空气，犹如鱼离不开水。
Men fear death, as children fear t g in the dark: and as that natural fear in children is increased with tales, s is the ther. 犹如儿童恐惧黑暗，人对于死亡的恐惧，也由于听信太多的鬼怪传说而增大。
Reading is t the mind what exercise is t the bdy.读书对于思想，好比运动对于身体一样重要。
Parks are t the city what lungs are t the bdy.公园对于都市正如肺对于人的身体一样重要。
Judicius praise is t children what the sun is t flwers.明智表扬对于孩子的作用就像阳光对于花朵的作用。
I felt as if the grund were slipping beneath my feet.我感到好像大地在脚下滑动。
A crwd f peple were arund him, tuching his bdy, feeling his legs, and bidding fr him as if he had been a hrse.一大堆人固在他身边，摸着他的身体和大腿，出价买他，好像他是一匹马似的。
The first time I read an excellent bk, it is t me just as if I had gained a new friend.我头一回读到一本好书，对我来说我好像交了一位新朋友。
They std upn a bleak and desert mr, whse mnstrus masses f stne were cast abut as thugh it were the burial place f giants.他们站在荒无人烟的旷野上，那里满地都是硕大无朋的岩石，宛如巨人的墓地。
Our village is n less beautiful than this picture.我们乡村同这幅图画一样美。
A whale is nt a fish any mre than a hrse is.鲸不是鱼，正如马也不是鱼一样。
Lve and cugh can nt be hid.爱情像咳嗽一样是掩盖不了的。
A wrld and a stne let g cannt be recalled.说出的话犹如抛出的石，是收不回的。
Truth and il are ever abve.真理跟油一样，总要升到上面来。
3.用动词seem，resemble (名词resemblance)，treat／hnur／regard／cnsider／respect as，cmpare t，liken t，pass(胜过)，remind f，be similar t，等。
例如：Lk at the mn. Hw strange the mn seems: She is like a wman rising frm a tmb. She is like a dead wman.瞧一瞧那轮明月。她看起来多奇怪：像从墓中起身的妇女，像死妇叫样惨白。
Her face resembled a silver mn.
Her face bre the resemblance f a mn. 她的脸长得像一轮银月。
He treats his child as the apple in the eye.他把他的孩子当成掌上明珠。
Samuel Jhnsn regarded a dictinary as a watch.塞缪尔·约翰逊把词典看成钟表。
Shakespeare cmpared the wrld t a stage．莎士比亚把世界比作舞台。
Yu can 1iken yur eye t a camera. 你可以把你的眼睛比作照相机。
His nse was particularly white and his large nstrils, crrespndingly dark, reminded me f an be when they dilated.他鼻子特别白，而他那对发黑的大鼻孔在张大时使我想起双簧管。
His strength is similar t a hrse.他强壮如牛。
4.用词组may／might as well…（as）(做…就好像做…)，n mre／less…than／nt any mre…than(如同…一样) ，s speak／as it were (可以说，可以比喻地说)。
例如：He never listens—yu might as well talk t a brick (as talk t him).他根本不听一同他讲话就好像同一堵墙讲话一样。
He wke them bth up getting t bed，but when they tried t wake him up afterwards they might as well have tried t wake the dead. 他去睡觉的时候把他们两个都弄醒了，但后来他们想唤醒他时，简直就像唤死人一样。
Yu might as well except a river t flw backward as hpe t mve me.你不能动摇我的决心，正如你不能使河水倒流一样。
Our village is n less beautiful than this picture.我们的乡村同这幅图画一样美。
A student can n mre btain knwledge withut studying than a farmer can get harvest withut plwing.学生不学习获不到知识，犹如农民不耕作就不能得到收获一样。
A hme withut lve is n mre than a bdy withut a sul.没有爱的家庭无异于一个没有灵魂的躯体。
The greatness f a peple is n mre determined by their number than the greatness f a man is determined by
his height. 一个民族的伟大并不取决于人口的多少，正如一个人的伟大不能取决于他的身高一样。
He is, as it were, a walking dictinary.可以说，他是一本活词典．
The traffic manager has in the hllw f his hand, s t speak, the traffic f the whle system.在某种程度上，运
输经理把整个系统的运输情况，全掌握在自己手心里。
二、用明喻为读后续写增色
下面我们以高考试题为例，简要说明如何用明喻为续写增色：
（2022年1月，浙江卷）阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
When Dr. Hendersn was assigning（指定） prject mates fr his psychlgy class, I secretly hped he wuld pair me with my best friend r at least a classmate I culd have sme fun with. Abve all, I hped he wuldn't assign me t wrk with the fiercely cmpetitive, extremely serius fellw wh always wre dark clthes and apparently had a persnality t match. As fate （命运）wuld have it, Dr. Hendersn very deliberately matched everyne in class and annunced that I wuld be wrking with the ne persn in class I wanted t avid.
I went up t my new teammate and intrduced myself He lked at me as thugh I weren't there. I felt he treated me as thugh I wuld hld him back and prbably make him fail t get an A in the curse. He wasn't mean r abusive; he just gave me the impressin he culd d whatever prject we dreamed up better if he did it alne.
Needless t say, I didn't lk frward t an entire term f being brushed ff, but I tried t make the best f it and didn't say anything fr fear that I wuld make things wrse.
The prject required each team t develp a hypthesis （假说）, set up an experiment t test the hypthesis, d the statistical analysis and present the findings. Whatever grade the team received wuld be shared by bth students.
When my teammate and I met t discuss ur prject, I was uneasy. Here was this challenging student wh had a reputatin fr single-mindedness and gd grades—the exact ppsite f me. I was utmatched. I actually wanted t drp the class at ne pint, but stpped shrt because I didn't want t give him the satisfactin f my chickening ut. I decided t stick t it n matter what.
After lng discussins we smehw agreed t d a study n the psychlgical well-being f teenagers. I wasn't sure what it meant exactly, but at least we had a tpic.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 结部分分为两段, 每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后, 请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Para 1. We started t meet regularly t draw up ur plans.
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Para 2. One day I gt wrd that he was admitted t hspital fr a serius disease.
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1.用明喻修辞个美化关键句子
Para.1:
（1）描述个人形象
例如：Thugh I wanted t share my ideas with him fully, I failed t d s as if I were a mnster t him t draw him back in the study.虽然我想和他分享我的想法，但我没有这样做，我好像一个怪物一样会在学习上拖他的后腿。
（2）描述个人行为反应
例如：I just kept ndding like a machine when he asked me whether it is OK t d this way r that way.当他问我是否可以这样做或那样做时，我只是像一台机器一样不停地点头。
（3）描述心理情态
例如：I started t wait t leave immediately we arrived at the place as a fish fund lng lst water, and s did he.我们一到那个地方，他也和我一样，我就迫不及待地想离开，就像一条鱼找到了失去很久的水一样。
Para.2:
（1）描述情感情绪
例如：I felt s srry t hear that, as restless as ants n a ht pan, and I thught I shuld visit him in any case.听到这个消息我感到很难过，就像热锅上的蚂蚁一样坐立不安，我想无论如何我都应该去看看他。
（2）描述努力的场景
例如：We began t wrk as a fine team and we were similar hrses and wrk harder and harder, finally finishing ur prject n time. 我们开始像一个优秀的团队一样工作，我们都很努力，越来越努力，终于按时完成了我们的项目。
（3）强调观点态度
例如：We, as it were, were the shadw f each ther at last in the curse f study.可以说，在学习的过程中，我们终于成了彼此的影子。
2.结合明喻构思并完成写作任务
We started t meet regularly t draw up ur plans. Thugh I wanted t share my ideas with him fully, I failed t d s as if I were a mnster t him t draw him back in the study. I just kept ndding like a machine when he asked me whether it is OK t d this way r that way. I thught it was impssible t persuade him int accepting my views, s I didn’t want t waste ur time t discuss. I started t wait t leave immediately we arrived at the place as a fish fund lng lst water, and s did he.I just hped that the presentatin day culd cme earlier.
One day I gt wrd that he was admitted t hspital fr a serius disease. I felt s srry t hear that, as restless as ants n a ht pan, and I thught I shuld visit him in any case.He was a little surprised t see me when I stepped int his ward with sme flwers and fruits. I ffered t d the rest wrk f ur prject and he invited me t share my ideas t perfect it. We began t wrk as a fine team and we were similar hrses and wrk harder and harder, finally finishing ur prject n time. Our hard wrk paid ff and Dr. Hendersn’s was very satisfied with ur wnderful findings. Frm this prject, we als learned the significance f teammates. Just as the saying ges, ne persn can g far, but a grup f persns can travel farther. We, as it were, were the shadw f each ther at last in the curse f study.
实践强化
3
基础演练
A
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was the final day f ur hliday: I’d gne snwbarding with my little brther and what we lacked in skill we made up fr in enthusiasm, catching the first ski lift in the mrning and the last lift in the afternn. That day, fresh snw had been falling and we were in high spirits. We stpped near the tp f an ff-piste sectin (非滑雪场区域) that went thrugh frests. I’d dne this rute a few times befre and, as I was faster and mre experienced, I let my brther disappear int the trees ahead, figuring I wuld sn catch up.
I began t pick up speed when I was suddenly thrwn ff balance. I didn’t fall but I lst cntrl f the bard. I was unable t turn, instead ging in a straight line, gathering speed. Just as I was regaining cntrl, I smashed (猛撞) int the trunk f a large tree.
It was like hitting a cncrete pillar (柱子). I didn’t lse cnsciusness but the pain was felt instantly and verwhelming. I knew pretty much immediately that my back was brken and quickly realised the situatin culd get very serius. I was ff-piste, s nbdy wuld be cming past. There was n phne signal. My brther knew I was n the muntain, but we ften lst each ther and wuld just meet at the bttm, s he might nt wrry fr sme time. Even if he did, he had n way f knwing where I was. It was snwing and cld. I figured if I waited, I wuld prbably be rescued, eventually. But the chance f freezing t death befre that happened was t high fr me t risk staying put.
I tried t stand but cllapsed and almst blacked ut with pain befre I gt halfway up.
Walking was nt an ptin. Crawling was t slw and painful. I had anther idea: I managed t get the bard unclipped (松开) frm my feet and maneuvred (移动) it under my stmach s I was lying n it. I faced dwn the muntain and, using the bard as a luge (小雪橇), I started t drag and slide my bdy dwn the steep, tree-lined slpe (斜坡). It was sharp but the snw was quite deep s I culd use my arms t stp myself sliding ut f cntrl. I descended (下降) at a slw jgging pace, trying t slw myself as much as pssible.
注意:1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1:
At ne pint I lst cntrl and came ff the bard.
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Paragraph 2:
I was given first aid and a helicpter tk me t hspital, where my parents had already been waiting fr me.
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读后续写明喻修辞使用导引
【参考范文】
At ne pint I lst cntrl and came ff the bard. I felt the cldness arund my back and it temprarily eased the intense pain. I briefly thught f staying there befre a luder vice f irn repeated, “N. I must get dwn.” I tk a deep breath and pushed hard with my hands t get myself back n t the bard. Daunting as the challenge was, I managed t slide myself like a brken kite n t a crss-cuntry ski path and waited fr anther hur befre the muntain rescue team came, with my brther arriving shrtly afterwards. I culdn’t feel my hands r my tes frm the cld, but the relief at knwing I was safe was immense.
I was given first aid and a helicpter tk me t hspital, where my parents had already been waiting fr me. After a thrugh examinatin, I had spinal (脊柱的) surgery. The recvery rad was tugh as if I were climbing the Everest, but my family were incredible. Frm the amazing jb my brther did in lking after me t my parents wh put up with me, immbile and frustrated in their hme fr mnths. Gradually, I was able t walk, then swim, then cycle and then t run. Eventually, I was back ding what I lve mst – running alng muntain trails with my brther. I haven’t been back t the slpes yet but it might happen smeday – I will, hwever, be sticking t the piste areas.
【写作指导】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我一度失去了控制，离开了雪橇。”可知，第一段可描写作者自救的经过。
②由第二段首句内容“我接受了急救，一架直升机把我送到了医院，我的父母已经在那里等我了。”可知，第二段可描写作者得到了急救，经历一段恢复期后又开始滑雪。
2.续写线索：鼓励——返回滑雪道——求援——恢复——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类：①减轻：ease/ alleviate/ lessen/lighten/relieve；②到达：arrive in/reach/get t/g t；③坚持：stick t/persist in/ persevere in/insist n;
情绪类：①.艰难的： tugh/difficult/hard/rugh/stiff；②.沮丧：frustrated /depressed/discuraged
【典型句式】
[句式1]Daunting as the challenge was, I managed t slide myself n t a crss-cuntry ski path and waited fr anther hur befre the muntain rescue team came, with my brther arriving shrtly afterwards. (由连接词as引导的倒装句和with的复合结构)
[句式2]Frm the amazing jb my brther did in lking after me t my parents wh put up with me, immbile and frustrated in their hme fr mnths.(由关系代词wh引导限制性定语从句)
[句式3]Eventually, I was back ding what I lve mst – running alng muntain trails with my brther.(what引导的宾语从句)
综合演练
B
1．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Saved by the Belt
My family is ne f the lucky nes. We still have what we cnsider mst precius — each ther. It is Kathy Hezlep, ur superstar, that has saved ur family. Sitting at the prch, I am transprted t the accident ten years ag.
As a mther, I have been blessed. I have a nice, smart, gd-lking sn wh has given me much pleasure ver the years. In the mnths leading up t Alan’s 16th birthday, there was a lt f excitement abut his upcming rite (仪式)f passage — the driver’s license.
Abut a mnth befre his birthday, there was an assembly abut seat-belt safety presented at his high schl. One f the presenters in this prgram, Kathy Hezlep, had lst her sn in a hrrible car crash the year befre. When Kathy was first asked t speak at this assembly, she was reluctant. Her sn’s death had been extremely hard n her. She ften felt helpless and discuraged, and she wasn’t sure hw she culd make a difference by speaking with this grup.
But the schl had cnvinced her t talk t the students. Kathy spke abut hw hard it had been since the lss f her sn. There were days when it was an effrt just t get ut f bed. She spke directly frm her heart and my sn tk her wrds straight int his heart. I remember Alan cming hme that day and the tw f us talking abut the crash. We thught it was interesting that she was a single mther(like me)and that her sn, Ryan, was her nly child(like Alan).
Well, the big day finally arrived. The state f Flrida, in its infinite wisdm, granted my “ child ” a license t take a laded weapn and drive it! At the time, I thught the wrst feeling I culd pssibly experience was watching my nly child drive ff alne in my car. I was wrng.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150词左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Alan had his license ne week when the plice called me that Alan had an accident with his friends.
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When I rushed t the hspital, I talked t Alan abut the accident.
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【参考范文】
Alan had his license ne week when the plice called me Alan had an accident with his friends. The plice infrmed me my sn had been driving dwn a curving rad, lst cntrl f the car. Since he was an inexperienced driver, he didn’t knw hw t cme ut f the spin. He managed t miss a lake and a traffic sign in his path, but went full frce int a light ple. Thankfully, he wasn’t ging faster, because if he had hit the ple any harder, he and his tw passengers culd have been killed.
When I rushed t the hspital, I talked t Alan abut the accident. He said that nne f the kids had been wearing their seat belts when he started the car. But Kathy Hezlep’s wrds, spken s sincerely and elquently abut her terrible lss, had impressed him s deeply that he insisted that everyne put n their seat belts immediately. That was what had saved their lives. I have unending gratitude, respect and lve fr Kathy Hezlep. She is nt a celebrity but an everyday persn; a mther wh, despite her immeasurable lss, had the curage t speak ut and make a difference and saved three lives.
【写作指导】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者的儿子因为听了一个讲座，在开车的时候坚持让所有人系安全带，从而救了所有人的命。
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“艾伦有驾照的一个星期，警察打电话给我，艾伦和他的朋友发生了意外。以及第二段首句“当我赶到医院时，我和艾伦谈论了这次事故。”可知，第一段可描写警察告知作者艾伦出事故的大致情况，并且可知艾伦没有生命危险。
②由第二段首句“当我赶到医院时，我和艾伦谈论了这次事故。”可知，第二段可描写艾伦描述事故情况，一定要注意文章标题，也就是要点出主题，之所以没有生命危险是因为系了安全带。
2.续写线索：作者很开心儿子即将获得驾照——学校举办了关于安全带安全的讲座——作者的儿子获得了驾照——作者的儿子出车祸——由于系了安全带，作者的儿子没有生命危险
3.词汇激活
行为类
1.成功做……：manage t d/succeed in ding
2.系安全带：wear the seat belt/put n the seat belt
3.告诉：tell/infrm
情绪类
①感激：gratitude/thanks
②真诚：sincerely/genuinely
【典型句式】
【句式1】Since he was an inexperienced driver, he didn’t knw hw t cme ut f the spin.（运用了since引导的状语从句）
【句式2】Thankfully, he wasn’t ging faster, because if he had hit the ple any harder, he and his tw passengers culd have been killed.（运用了because引导的原因状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句）
2．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The little car was crwded with kids: my brthers and sisters. We fught, debated and cried, making much nise. Being part f a big family was really starting t anny me. Fr example, my brthers and sisters kncked n the bathrm dr all the time. Hw I wanted t be the nly child in my family.
As the car rlled dwn the small rad, my mm said cheerfully, “The pl is three minutes away. Yu’ll have much time t swim.” Swimming was a peaceful activity. I culd flat n my back and lk at the sky. I culd pretend I was the nly persn in the wrld. Mm parked the car beside a small rw f ther cars. “One at a time,” she yelled befre the car drs pened. Nbdy listened. The car drs all flew pen at nce. After pushing, yelling and crying, we came ut.
I quickly pulled ff my jeans, T-shirt, scks and shes, and finally put n my swimsuit. “Yeah!” I yelled as I jumped int the big natural pl with small stnes n its flr. Cld water struck my face. I put my head under the water, which sht up my nse. After standing up again, I drpped backward int the water and began t flat. The water sat arund my cars, smth and silent. The sun warmed my face.
I was like a leaf flating in a large pl peacefully. Everything was silent under water. Fr the mment, I felt I was the nly child there. I didn’t have t share things like snacks with ther kids. My stmach made a nise at the thught f fd. Hadn’t Mm packed a huge bag f chips fr ur snack? I std up t walk t shre.
Oh! Dark sandy water suddenly filled my muth and cvered my head. The rcky grund was gne; I was pushed int the deep, dark water. I tried t kick t the surface. As my face peeked ut (微露出) frm under the water, I tk a deep breath. I tried t swim and leave the deep water. But it didn’t wrk. I nly knew hw t flat.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1
The water clsed ver my head again.
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Paragraph 2
I culd feel my bdy mving upward as a familiar hand started t pull me thrugh the water.
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【参考范文】
The water clsed ver my head again. I struggled t mve bth my hands and legs. I thught abut my mm. What wuld she d if she culdn’t find me? What abut my brthers and sisters? When thinking, I didn’t knw the nise prduced by my hands and legs’ mving attracted my brthers and sisters’ attentin. Befre lng, I felt the water mving arund me. Smething warm and strng tuched my hand. Was it a shark in the pl? N, it was smene’s hand.
I culd feel my bdy mving upward as a familiar hand started t pull me thrugh the water. It pulled until I culd feel the grund under my feet, and I came nt the shre. “We did it! ” yelled ne f my brthers as I lked up and saw my mther hlding my hand. I learned she and ther kids made a human chain s that she culd get me. I was speechless. Kids ran all arund me, jumping, running and screaming. Maybe this great big crazy family wasn’t s crazy. After all, they were the human chain. Because f them, I was ut f danger.
【写作指导】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作为一个大家庭的一员，作者很恼怒。在去游泳时，作者享受独自一个人的时间，感到非常惬意。但在试图离开深水区时，作者发生了危险，无法浮出水面了。
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“水又淹没了我的头。”可知，第一段可描写作者在水中努力挣扎，声音吸引了兄弟姐妹的注意，有人抓住了作者的手。
②由第二段首句内容“当一只熟悉的手开始把我拉出水面时，我能感觉到我的身体在向上移动。”可知，第二段可描写作者发觉是家人救了自己，他们很开心，作者领悟到家庭成员虽然吵闹，但他们也是非常重要的。
2.续写线索：作者挣扎——吸引家人——被抓住手——拉出水面——家人开心——作者感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①想到：think abut/think f
②吸引某人的注意：attract ne’s attentin/draw ne’s attentin
③抓着我的手：hld my hand/grab my hand
情绪类
①温暖的：warm/mild
②大声喊：yell/shut
【典型句式】
【句式1】What wuld she d if she culdn’t find me?（由if引导条件状语从句）
【句式2】I learned she and ther kids made a human chain s that she culd get me.（由省that（已省略）引导宾语从句，由s that引导目的状语从句）
比喻词
表达举例
使用目的
f
a luder vice f irn
凸显内心的坚定的意志力
like
like a brken kite
描述无能为力的场景
as if
as if I were climbing the Everest
再现道路的艰难
... ...
... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ...
知识回顾
1
英语的明喻是英语中最常用、最简便的修辞格之一，在文学作品中尤其如此。它根据人们的联想，利用不同事物之间的相似点，借助比喻词(如like, as, , as if, as thugh, seem等)的连接作用，清楚地说明甲事物在某方面像乙事物，指出两个不同事物的相似之处。Rhetric In Practice (《英文实用修辞学》)一书这样来解释明喻：“A simile is an expressed 1ikeness.The simplest and mst direct way f cnnting an idea with smething else is by means f using similes．Simile is the neuter singular f the Latin adjective ‘similis’ meaning like.”Simile(明喻)运用广泛，可借以状物、写景、抒情、喻理，使表达生动形象，明白易懂，新鲜有趣。
明喻的基本格式是：”本体+比喻词+喻 体”。 例如：“The USA is like a big melting pt where immigrants f different cultures r races frm an integrated sciety. ”其 中，The USA 是本体，喻体是 melting pt， 比喻词是 like, 喻体和本体的相似之处都是拥有“包容”的特点。
但是，本体与喻体一般为两个不同事物(如属同类也应具不同性质或特征)，比喻方可成立。例如：
① Peter is as tall as his father.
② Peter is as tall as a Mayple.
上述例句中，例①不算明喻，只是一个比较句，因为Peter及其father同属人类；而例②才是比喻句，因为Peter与Mayple分属人与物。
方法策略
2
一、用明喻升级句法表达的方法
1.用介词as，like，f等。
(1)As
例如： Beauty is as summer fruits, which are easy t crrupt and cannt last…美者犹如夏日蔬果，易腐难存…
Overhead the hllw stretch f whitish clud shutting ut the sky was as a tent which had the wh1e earth as its flr。头顶上方，夺据了天际上无尽空荡的白云，宛如高悬的帐篷一般，把整个荒原做了它的地面。
Out f the sleeves came strng bny wrists and hands gnarled kntted and hard as peach branches. 从袖子里伸出一双瘦骨嶙峋的大手，像桃树枝一样，瘤节盘错，坚硬粗壮。
I wandered lnely as a clud. 我像一朵浮云独自漫游。
They are as like as tw peas.他们两个长得一模一样。
His yung daughter lks as red as a rse.他的小女儿面庞红得象朵玫瑰花。
I passed and repassed the huse, and stpped and listened at the dr; all was dark and silent as the grave. 我在那房子前面走了几趟，并在门口停下来听了听；一片漆黑，沉寂得像座坟墓。
▲英语里有不少含有明喻的成语，其结构为“as+形容词+as+名词”。例如：
as firm as a rck 坚如磐石
as light as a feather 轻如鸿毛
as clse as an yster 守口如瓶
as mute as a fish 噤若寒蝉
as strng as hrse 强壮如牛
as cl as a cucumber 泰然自若
as sber as a judge 十分清醒
as sure as a gun 千真万确
（2）Like
例如：Paris is a mrgue withut yu; befre I knew yu, it was Paris, and I thught it heavens; but nw it is a vast desert f deslatin and lneliness. It is like the face f a clck, bereft f its hands. 没有你，巴黎成了一座陈尸所；我认识你之前，巴黎就是巴黎。我把它看成天堂；然而现在它变成了一片荒凉而寂寞的沙漠。它像一个没有时针、分针和秒针的钟面。
All that I had t shw, as a man f letters, were these few tales and essays, which had blssmed ut like flwers in the calm summer f my heart and mind. 作为一个作家，我所能贡献出来的只有这么几篇故事和散文，它们像我心头温和的夏天灿烂开放的花朵。
He wrks 1ike a hrse／beaver／Trjan／black. 他辛辛苦苦地干活。
They spent mney like water. 他们挥金如土。
He talks like a bk.他老是文绉绉地说话。
He eats like a hrse.他吃得很多。
He smkes 1ike a chimney. 他抽烟很厉害。
Living withut an aim is like sailing withut a cmpass. 生活没有目标犹如航行没有指南针。
He was like a cck wh thught the sun had risen frm him t crw. 他这人就像一只骄傲的公鸡，以为太阳升起是为了它的啼叫。
Recrds fell like ripe apples n a windy day. 被打破的记录有如刮风天成熟的苹果纷纷坠落。
（3）Of
例如：He has a heart f stne.他有一副铁石心肠。
He has the heart f a1in, but he des everything in a dwn-t-earth way. 他有狮子般的勇气，他办事十分认真。
He is smetimes bad-tempered but really he’s gt a heart f gld.有时候他似乎脾气不好，但他的心眼可好了。
2.用连词as (犹如)，what (犹如)，as if, as thugh, than, and, the way 等。
例如： His heart shivered as a ship shivers at the muntainus crash f the waters. 他的心颤动，好像一艘船在海浪搏击中震荡一样。
Air is t man as water is t fish.人离不开空气，犹如鱼离不开水。
Men fear death, as children fear t g in the dark: and as that natural fear in children is increased with tales, s is the ther. 犹如儿童恐惧黑暗，人对于死亡的恐惧，也由于听信太多的鬼怪传说而增大。
Reading is t the mind what exercise is t the bdy.读书对于思想，好比运动对于身体一样重要。
Parks are t the city what lungs are t the bdy.公园对于都市正如肺对于人的身体一样重要。
Judicius praise is t children what the sun is t flwers.明智表扬对于孩子的作用就像阳光对于花朵的作用。
I felt as if the grund were slipping beneath my feet.我感到好像大地在脚下滑动。
A crwd f peple were arund him, tuching his bdy, feeling his legs, and bidding fr him as if he had been a hrse.一大堆人固在他身边，摸着他的身体和大腿，出价买他，好像他是一匹马似的。
The first time I read an excellent bk, it is t me just as if I had gained a new friend.我头一回读到一本好书，对我来说我好像交了一位新朋友。
They std upn a bleak and desert mr, whse mnstrus masses f stne were cast abut as thugh it were the burial place f giants.他们站在荒无人烟的旷野上，那里满地都是硕大无朋的岩石，宛如巨人的墓地。
Our village is n less beautiful than this picture.我们乡村同这幅图画一样美。
A whale is nt a fish any mre than a hrse is.鲸不是鱼，正如马也不是鱼一样。
Lve and cugh can nt be hid.爱情像咳嗽一样是掩盖不了的。
A wrld and a stne let g cannt be recalled.说出的话犹如抛出的石，是收不回的。
Truth and il are ever abve.真理跟油一样，总要升到上面来。
3.用动词seem，resemble (名词resemblance)，treat／hnur／regard／cnsider／respect as，cmpare t，liken t，pass(胜过)，remind f，be similar t，等。
例如：Lk at the mn. Hw strange the mn seems: She is like a wman rising frm a tmb. She is like a dead wman.瞧一瞧那轮明月。她看起来多奇怪：像从墓中起身的妇女，像死妇叫样惨白。
Her face resembled a silver mn.
Her face bre the resemblance f a mn. 她的脸长得像一轮银月。
He treats his child as the apple in the eye.他把他的孩子当成掌上明珠。
Samuel Jhnsn regarded a dictinary as a watch.塞缪尔·约翰逊把词典看成钟表。
Shakespeare cmpared the wrld t a stage．莎士比亚把世界比作舞台。
Yu can 1iken yur eye t a camera. 你可以把你的眼睛比作照相机。
His nse was particularly white and his large nstrils, crrespndingly dark, reminded me f an be when they dilated.他鼻子特别白，而他那对发黑的大鼻孔在张大时使我想起双簧管。
His strength is similar t a hrse.他强壮如牛。
4.用词组may／might as well…（as）(做…就好像做…)，n mre／less…than／nt any mre…than(如同…一样) ，s speak／as it were (可以说，可以比喻地说)。
例如：He never listens—yu might as well talk t a brick (as talk t him).他根本不听一同他讲话就好像同一堵墙讲话一样。
He wke them bth up getting t bed，but when they tried t wake him up afterwards they might as well have tried t wake the dead. 他去睡觉的时候把他们两个都弄醒了，但后来他们想唤醒他时，简直就像唤死人一样。
Yu might as well except a river t flw backward as hpe t mve me.你不能动摇我的决心，正如你不能使河水倒流一样。
Our village is n less beautiful than this picture.我们的乡村同这幅图画一样美。
A student can n mre btain knwledge withut studying than a farmer can get harvest withut plwing.学生不学习获不到知识，犹如农民不耕作就不能得到收获一样。
A hme withut lve is n mre than a bdy withut a sul.没有爱的家庭无异于一个没有灵魂的躯体。
The greatness f a peple is n mre determined by their number than the greatness f a man is determined by
his height. 一个民族的伟大并不取决于人口的多少，正如一个人的伟大不能取决于他的身高一样。
He is, as it were, a walking dictinary.可以说，他是一本活词典．
The traffic manager has in the hllw f his hand, s t speak, the traffic f the whle system.在某种程度上，运
输经理把整个系统的运输情况，全掌握在自己手心里。
二、用明喻为读后续写增色
下面我们以高考试题为例，简要说明如何用明喻为续写增色：
（2022年1月，浙江卷）阅读下面短文，根据所给情节进行续写，使之构成一个完整的故事。
When Dr. Hendersn was assigning（指定） prject mates fr his psychlgy class, I secretly hped he wuld pair me with my best friend r at least a classmate I culd have sme fun with. Abve all, I hped he wuldn't assign me t wrk with the fiercely cmpetitive, extremely serius fellw wh always wre dark clthes and apparently had a persnality t match. As fate （命运）wuld have it, Dr. Hendersn very deliberately matched everyne in class and annunced that I wuld be wrking with the ne persn in class I wanted t avid.
I went up t my new teammate and intrduced myself He lked at me as thugh I weren't there. I felt he treated me as thugh I wuld hld him back and prbably make him fail t get an A in the curse. He wasn't mean r abusive; he just gave me the impressin he culd d whatever prject we dreamed up better if he did it alne.
Needless t say, I didn't lk frward t an entire term f being brushed ff, but I tried t make the best f it and didn't say anything fr fear that I wuld make things wrse.
The prject required each team t develp a hypthesis （假说）, set up an experiment t test the hypthesis, d the statistical analysis and present the findings. Whatever grade the team received wuld be shared by bth students.
When my teammate and I met t discuss ur prject, I was uneasy. Here was this challenging student wh had a reputatin fr single-mindedness and gd grades—the exact ppsite f me. I was utmatched. I actually wanted t drp the class at ne pint, but stpped shrt because I didn't want t give him the satisfactin f my chickening ut. I decided t stick t it n matter what.
After lng discussins we smehw agreed t d a study n the psychlgical well-being f teenagers. I wasn't sure what it meant exactly, but at least we had a tpic.
注意：
1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 至少使用5个短文中标有下划线的关键词语；
3. 结部分分为两段, 每段的开头语已为你写好；
4. 续写完成后, 请用下划线标出你所使用的关键词语。
Para 1. We started t meet regularly t draw up ur plans.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Para 2. One day I gt wrd that he was admitted t hspital fr a serius disease.
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1.用明喻修辞个美化关键句子
Para.1:
（1）描述个人形象
例如：Thugh I wanted t share my ideas with him fully, I failed t d s as if I were a mnster t him t draw him back in the study.虽然我想和他分享我的想法，但我没有这样做，我好像一个怪物一样会在学习上拖他的后腿。
（2）描述个人行为反应
例如：I just kept ndding like a machine when he asked me whether it is OK t d this way r that way.当他问我是否可以这样做或那样做时，我只是像一台机器一样不停地点头。
（3）描述心理情态
例如：I started t wait t leave immediately we arrived at the place as a fish fund lng lst water, and s did he.我们一到那个地方，他也和我一样，我就迫不及待地想离开，就像一条鱼找到了失去很久的水一样。
Para.2:
（1）描述情感情绪
例如：I felt s srry t hear that, as restless as ants n a ht pan, and I thught I shuld visit him in any case.听到这个消息我感到很难过，就像热锅上的蚂蚁一样坐立不安，我想无论如何我都应该去看看他。
（2）描述努力的场景
例如：We began t wrk as a fine team and we were similar hrses and wrk harder and harder, finally finishing ur prject n time. 我们开始像一个优秀的团队一样工作，我们都很努力，越来越努力，终于按时完成了我们的项目。
（3）强调观点态度
例如：We, as it were, were the shadw f each ther at last in the curse f study.可以说，在学习的过程中，我们终于成了彼此的影子。
2.结合明喻构思并完成写作任务
We started t meet regularly t draw up ur plans. Thugh I wanted t share my ideas with him fully, I failed t d s as if I were a mnster t him t draw him back in the study. I just kept ndding like a machine when he asked me whether it is OK t d this way r that way. I thught it was impssible t persuade him int accepting my views, s I didn’t want t waste ur time t discuss. I started t wait t leave immediately we arrived at the place as a fish fund lng lst water, and s did he.I just hped that the presentatin day culd cme earlier.
One day I gt wrd that he was admitted t hspital fr a serius disease. I felt s srry t hear that, as restless as ants n a ht pan, and I thught I shuld visit him in any case.He was a little surprised t see me when I stepped int his ward with sme flwers and fruits. I ffered t d the rest wrk f ur prject and he invited me t share my ideas t perfect it. We began t wrk as a fine team and we were similar hrses and wrk harder and harder, finally finishing ur prject n time. Our hard wrk paid ff and Dr. Hendersn’s was very satisfied with ur wnderful findings. Frm this prject, we als learned the significance f teammates. Just as the saying ges, ne persn can g far, but a grup f persns can travel farther. We, as it were, were the shadw f each ther at last in the curse f study.
实践强化
3
基础演练
A
阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
It was the final day f ur hliday: I’d gne snwbarding with my little brther and what we lacked in skill we made up fr in enthusiasm, catching the first ski lift in the mrning and the last lift in the afternn. That day, fresh snw had been falling and we were in high spirits. We stpped near the tp f an ff-piste sectin (非滑雪场区域) that went thrugh frests. I’d dne this rute a few times befre and, as I was faster and mre experienced, I let my brther disappear int the trees ahead, figuring I wuld sn catch up.
I began t pick up speed when I was suddenly thrwn ff balance. I didn’t fall but I lst cntrl f the bard. I was unable t turn, instead ging in a straight line, gathering speed. Just as I was regaining cntrl, I smashed (猛撞) int the trunk f a large tree.
It was like hitting a cncrete pillar (柱子). I didn’t lse cnsciusness but the pain was felt instantly and verwhelming. I knew pretty much immediately that my back was brken and quickly realised the situatin culd get very serius. I was ff-piste, s nbdy wuld be cming past. There was n phne signal. My brther knew I was n the muntain, but we ften lst each ther and wuld just meet at the bttm, s he might nt wrry fr sme time. Even if he did, he had n way f knwing where I was. It was snwing and cld. I figured if I waited, I wuld prbably be rescued, eventually. But the chance f freezing t death befre that happened was t high fr me t risk staying put.
I tried t stand but cllapsed and almst blacked ut with pain befre I gt halfway up.
Walking was nt an ptin. Crawling was t slw and painful. I had anther idea: I managed t get the bard unclipped (松开) frm my feet and maneuvred (移动) it under my stmach s I was lying n it. I faced dwn the muntain and, using the bard as a luge (小雪橇), I started t drag and slide my bdy dwn the steep, tree-lined slpe (斜坡). It was sharp but the snw was quite deep s I culd use my arms t stp myself sliding ut f cntrl. I descended (下降) at a slw jgging pace, trying t slw myself as much as pssible.
注意:1. 所续写短文的词数应为150左右；
2. 续写部分分为两段，每段的开头语已为你写好。
Paragraph 1:
At ne pint I lst cntrl and came ff the bard.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2:
I was given first aid and a helicpter tk me t hspital, where my parents had already been waiting fr me.
________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
读后续写明喻修辞使用导引
【参考范文】
At ne pint I lst cntrl and came ff the bard. I felt the cldness arund my back and it temprarily eased the intense pain. I briefly thught f staying there befre a luder vice f irn repeated, “N. I must get dwn.” I tk a deep breath and pushed hard with my hands t get myself back n t the bard. Daunting as the challenge was, I managed t slide myself like a brken kite n t a crss-cuntry ski path and waited fr anther hur befre the muntain rescue team came, with my brther arriving shrtly afterwards. I culdn’t feel my hands r my tes frm the cld, but the relief at knwing I was safe was immense.
I was given first aid and a helicpter tk me t hspital, where my parents had already been waiting fr me. After a thrugh examinatin, I had spinal (脊柱的) surgery. The recvery rad was tugh as if I were climbing the Everest, but my family were incredible. Frm the amazing jb my brther did in lking after me t my parents wh put up with me, immbile and frustrated in their hme fr mnths. Gradually, I was able t walk, then swim, then cycle and then t run. Eventually, I was back ding what I lve mst – running alng muntain trails with my brther. I haven’t been back t the slpes yet but it might happen smeday – I will, hwever, be sticking t the piste areas.
【写作指导】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“我一度失去了控制，离开了雪橇。”可知，第一段可描写作者自救的经过。
②由第二段首句内容“我接受了急救，一架直升机把我送到了医院，我的父母已经在那里等我了。”可知，第二段可描写作者得到了急救，经历一段恢复期后又开始滑雪。
2.续写线索：鼓励——返回滑雪道——求援——恢复——感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类：①减轻：ease/ alleviate/ lessen/lighten/relieve；②到达：arrive in/reach/get t/g t；③坚持：stick t/persist in/ persevere in/insist n;
情绪类：①.艰难的： tugh/difficult/hard/rugh/stiff；②.沮丧：frustrated /depressed/discuraged
【典型句式】
[句式1]Daunting as the challenge was, I managed t slide myself n t a crss-cuntry ski path and waited fr anther hur befre the muntain rescue team came, with my brther arriving shrtly afterwards. (由连接词as引导的倒装句和with的复合结构)
[句式2]Frm the amazing jb my brther did in lking after me t my parents wh put up with me, immbile and frustrated in their hme fr mnths.(由关系代词wh引导限制性定语从句)
[句式3]Eventually, I was back ding what I lve mst – running alng muntain trails with my brther.(what引导的宾语从句)
综合演练
B
1．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
Saved by the Belt
My family is ne f the lucky nes. We still have what we cnsider mst precius — each ther. It is Kathy Hezlep, ur superstar, that has saved ur family. Sitting at the prch, I am transprted t the accident ten years ag.
As a mther, I have been blessed. I have a nice, smart, gd-lking sn wh has given me much pleasure ver the years. In the mnths leading up t Alan’s 16th birthday, there was a lt f excitement abut his upcming rite (仪式)f passage — the driver’s license.
Abut a mnth befre his birthday, there was an assembly abut seat-belt safety presented at his high schl. One f the presenters in this prgram, Kathy Hezlep, had lst her sn in a hrrible car crash the year befre. When Kathy was first asked t speak at this assembly, she was reluctant. Her sn’s death had been extremely hard n her. She ften felt helpless and discuraged, and she wasn’t sure hw she culd make a difference by speaking with this grup.
But the schl had cnvinced her t talk t the students. Kathy spke abut hw hard it had been since the lss f her sn. There were days when it was an effrt just t get ut f bed. She spke directly frm her heart and my sn tk her wrds straight int his heart. I remember Alan cming hme that day and the tw f us talking abut the crash. We thught it was interesting that she was a single mther(like me)and that her sn, Ryan, was her nly child(like Alan).
Well, the big day finally arrived. The state f Flrida, in its infinite wisdm, granted my “ child ” a license t take a laded weapn and drive it! At the time, I thught the wrst feeling I culd pssibly experience was watching my nly child drive ff alne in my car. I was wrng.
注意：
1.续写词数应为150词左右；
2.请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Alan had his license ne week when the plice called me that Alan had an accident with his friends.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
When I rushed t the hspital, I talked t Alan abut the accident.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
Alan had his license ne week when the plice called me Alan had an accident with his friends. The plice infrmed me my sn had been driving dwn a curving rad, lst cntrl f the car. Since he was an inexperienced driver, he didn’t knw hw t cme ut f the spin. He managed t miss a lake and a traffic sign in his path, but went full frce int a light ple. Thankfully, he wasn’t ging faster, because if he had hit the ple any harder, he and his tw passengers culd have been killed.
When I rushed t the hspital, I talked t Alan abut the accident. He said that nne f the kids had been wearing their seat belts when he started the car. But Kathy Hezlep’s wrds, spken s sincerely and elquently abut her terrible lss, had impressed him s deeply that he insisted that everyne put n their seat belts immediately. That was what had saved their lives. I have unending gratitude, respect and lve fr Kathy Hezlep. She is nt a celebrity but an everyday persn; a mther wh, despite her immeasurable lss, had the curage t speak ut and make a difference and saved three lives.
【写作指导】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作者的儿子因为听了一个讲座，在开车的时候坚持让所有人系安全带，从而救了所有人的命。
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“艾伦有驾照的一个星期，警察打电话给我，艾伦和他的朋友发生了意外。以及第二段首句“当我赶到医院时，我和艾伦谈论了这次事故。”可知，第一段可描写警察告知作者艾伦出事故的大致情况，并且可知艾伦没有生命危险。
②由第二段首句“当我赶到医院时，我和艾伦谈论了这次事故。”可知，第二段可描写艾伦描述事故情况，一定要注意文章标题，也就是要点出主题，之所以没有生命危险是因为系了安全带。
2.续写线索：作者很开心儿子即将获得驾照——学校举办了关于安全带安全的讲座——作者的儿子获得了驾照——作者的儿子出车祸——由于系了安全带，作者的儿子没有生命危险
3.词汇激活
行为类
1.成功做……：manage t d/succeed in ding
2.系安全带：wear the seat belt/put n the seat belt
3.告诉：tell/infrm
情绪类
①感激：gratitude/thanks
②真诚：sincerely/genuinely
【典型句式】
【句式1】Since he was an inexperienced driver, he didn’t knw hw t cme ut f the spin.（运用了since引导的状语从句）
【句式2】Thankfully, he wasn’t ging faster, because if he had hit the ple any harder, he and his tw passengers culd have been killed.（运用了because引导的原因状语从句和if引导的条件状语从句）
2．阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
The little car was crwded with kids: my brthers and sisters. We fught, debated and cried, making much nise. Being part f a big family was really starting t anny me. Fr example, my brthers and sisters kncked n the bathrm dr all the time. Hw I wanted t be the nly child in my family.
As the car rlled dwn the small rad, my mm said cheerfully, “The pl is three minutes away. Yu’ll have much time t swim.” Swimming was a peaceful activity. I culd flat n my back and lk at the sky. I culd pretend I was the nly persn in the wrld. Mm parked the car beside a small rw f ther cars. “One at a time,” she yelled befre the car drs pened. Nbdy listened. The car drs all flew pen at nce. After pushing, yelling and crying, we came ut.
I quickly pulled ff my jeans, T-shirt, scks and shes, and finally put n my swimsuit. “Yeah!” I yelled as I jumped int the big natural pl with small stnes n its flr. Cld water struck my face. I put my head under the water, which sht up my nse. After standing up again, I drpped backward int the water and began t flat. The water sat arund my cars, smth and silent. The sun warmed my face.
I was like a leaf flating in a large pl peacefully. Everything was silent under water. Fr the mment, I felt I was the nly child there. I didn’t have t share things like snacks with ther kids. My stmach made a nise at the thught f fd. Hadn’t Mm packed a huge bag f chips fr ur snack? I std up t walk t shre.
Oh! Dark sandy water suddenly filled my muth and cvered my head. The rcky grund was gne; I was pushed int the deep, dark water. I tried t kick t the surface. As my face peeked ut (微露出) frm under the water, I tk a deep breath. I tried t swim and leave the deep water. But it didn’t wrk. I nly knew hw t flat.
注意：
1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Paragraph 1
The water clsed ver my head again.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Paragraph 2
I culd feel my bdy mving upward as a familiar hand started t pull me thrugh the water.
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【参考范文】
The water clsed ver my head again. I struggled t mve bth my hands and legs. I thught abut my mm. What wuld she d if she culdn’t find me? What abut my brthers and sisters? When thinking, I didn’t knw the nise prduced by my hands and legs’ mving attracted my brthers and sisters’ attentin. Befre lng, I felt the water mving arund me. Smething warm and strng tuched my hand. Was it a shark in the pl? N, it was smene’s hand.
I culd feel my bdy mving upward as a familiar hand started t pull me thrugh the water. It pulled until I culd feel the grund under my feet, and I came nt the shre. “We did it! ” yelled ne f my brthers as I lked up and saw my mther hlding my hand. I learned she and ther kids made a human chain s that she culd get me. I was speechless. Kids ran all arund me, jumping, running and screaming. Maybe this great big crazy family wasn’t s crazy. After all, they were the human chain. Because f them, I was ut f danger.
【写作指导】本文以人物为线索展开，讲述了作为一个大家庭的一员，作者很恼怒。在去游泳时，作者享受独自一个人的时间，感到非常惬意。但在试图离开深水区时，作者发生了危险，无法浮出水面了。
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“水又淹没了我的头。”可知，第一段可描写作者在水中努力挣扎，声音吸引了兄弟姐妹的注意，有人抓住了作者的手。
②由第二段首句内容“当一只熟悉的手开始把我拉出水面时，我能感觉到我的身体在向上移动。”可知，第二段可描写作者发觉是家人救了自己，他们很开心，作者领悟到家庭成员虽然吵闹，但他们也是非常重要的。
2.续写线索：作者挣扎——吸引家人——被抓住手——拉出水面——家人开心——作者感悟
3.词汇激活
行为类
①想到：think abut/think f
②吸引某人的注意：attract ne’s attentin/draw ne’s attentin
③抓着我的手：hld my hand/grab my hand
情绪类
①温暖的：warm/mild
②大声喊：yell/shut
【典型句式】
【句式1】What wuld she d if she culdn’t find me?（由if引导条件状语从句）
【句式2】I learned she and ther kids made a human chain s that she culd get me.（由省that（已省略）引导宾语从句，由s that引导目的状语从句）
比喻词
表达举例
使用目的
f
a luder vice f irn
凸显内心的坚定的意志力
like
like a brken kite
描述无能为力的场景
as if
as if I were climbing the Everest
再现道路的艰难
... ...
... ... ... ... ... ...
... ... ... ... ... ...
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