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2024年高考押题预测卷01（上海卷）英语（解析版）
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这是一份2024年高考押题预测卷01（上海卷）英语（解析版），共29页。试卷主要包含了5分；共25分）， A等内容，欢迎下载使用。
I.Listening Cmprehensin （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）
Sectin A
Directins: In Sectin A, yu will hear ten shrt cnversatins between tw speakers. At the end f each cnversatin, a questin will be asked abut what was said. The cnversatins and the questins will be spken nly nce. After yu hear a cnversatin and the questin abut it, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper, and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
A. A laundry staff member. B.A tailr fr men's clthes.
C. A telephne peratr D. A mine wrker
2. A. Driving. B. Reading. C. Shpping. D. Walking.
3. A. $15. B.$5. C.$10. D.S20.
4. A. A yellw light B. A rad accident C. A rbbery. D. A TV prgramme.
5. A. There will be t many peple at the party.
B. He feels srry that the wman is nt cming.
C. It makes peple happier t have mre parties.
D. The wman can bring her brther t the party.
6. A. The wman culd use his ruler.
B. He's faster at ding calculatins.
C. He will finish the measurement sn.
D. The wman’s ruler is better than his.
7. A. The final begins next week.
B. The man shuld check with his dctr again.
C. She wants the man t attend the final with her.
D. She hpes the man will be able t play in the final.
8. A. He's angry. B. He feels sick.
C. He gets n well with thers. D. He prefers t study alne.
9. A. It prvides reading materials fr waiting peple.
B. He had t wait a lng time fr a seat there.
C. The seats used there are uncmfrtable.
D. He wasn't able t find a seat there.
10. A. G t the ballet later in the year. B. Take ballet lessns with his sister.
C. Find a schedule f future perfrmances. D. Get a ticket frm his sister.
Sectin B
Directins: In Sectin B, yu will hear tw shrt passages and ne lnger cnversatin, and yu will be asked several questins n each f the shrt passages and the lnger cnversatin. The shrt passages and the lnger cnversatin will be read twice, but the questins will be spken nly nce. When yu hear a questin, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
Questins 11 thrugh 13 are based n the fllwing passage.
11.A. Clleagues have face-t-face cnversatin with him.
B.Clleagues in the same ffice email him at wrk.
C.He has t use LinkedIn fr wrk and jbs.
D.He feel islated frm his family.
12. A. Time travel. B. 3D printers. C. Internet f things. D.Fitness
13. A. Curius. B. Dubtful. C. Uninterested. D. Cnfident
Questins 14 thrugh 16 are based n the fllwing passage.
14.A. A scial trend. B. A writer. C. A she cmpany. D. A bk
15.A. New styles f shes were develped.
B.Designers started wearing the shes.
C. The cmpany made effrts t advertise its shes.
D. Manhattan clubs prmted the shes t the custmer.
16. A. They will spread much faster. B. Advertising campaigns stpped.
C. Only a few peple will ntice them. D. Wrd-f-muth marketing began t wrk.
Questins 17 thrugh 20 are based n the fllwing cnversatin.
17. A. Classmates. B. Rmmates. C. Cusins. D. Clleagues.
18. A. He culdn't decide n a tpic fr his paper.
B. He hadn't heard frm his family in a while.
C. He thught the wman had been ill
D. He thught his paper was late.
19. A. T classify different kinds f hney.B. T find their way back hme.
C. T lcate favurite plants.D. T identify relatives.
20. A. Write a paper. B. Visit his parents.
C. Plan a family reunin. D. Observe bees m the lab.
【答案】1~5.AACBD 6~10. ADBBD 11~15. BCADB 16~20. AADDA
II. Grammar and Vcabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Sectin A
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Several years ag, a c-wrker invited me ver fr a classic scial traditin: a game night. I dn’t like bard games. When I’m hanging ut with thers, I much prefer the free flw f cnversatin____21____ the structure f cmpetitin. _____22_____ ________ smene starts explaining the game rules, my brain tends t invluntarily tune ut, a defense mechanism against unwanted and useless infrmatin.
S bviusly, eager t make new friends. I tld my c-wrk I was in.
The evening was disappinting. An alarmingly cmplex game was first explained and then repeated, upn my request. I 23 (assure) that I’d “get it after a cuple f runds,” which never happened. I was s bad that I was ruining everyne eles’s experience with my unpredictable plays and cnstant need 24 (remind) f what was happening.
25 these peple kindly became my friends anyway, I was never invited back t anther game night. “We just knw yu’re nt really a game persn, ” ne f them later tld me, eyes 26 (slide) sideward.
Nt being a game persn nwadays can make ne feel like an exceptin. Bard games, which in 2021 were a $13. 4 billin glbal market, are surging in ppularity. There are peple wh lve scializing thrugh games in every twn, 27 makes my resistance t them feel unacceptable. Maybe, I thught, I was missing 28 abut the scial value f games. Games can reveal peple’s cre qualities: hw they react when they’re stressed, hw they cperate in a team, r hw they behave when they win r lse.
Hwever, I still have a general sense 29 they’re a silly way t pass time. When I think abut the leisure activities I “indulge” in, such as cycling, they tend t have bnus benefits. Thrugh cycling, my friends and I can share experiences that simulate the variable cnditins f life: jy and pain, uncertainty and achievement. We can all reap rewards frm bnding thrugh playful activities: 30 we see as play just varies. I get that nw. But t be clear, there’s still n need t invite me t yur game night.
【答案】
21．t 22．As sn as 23．was assured 24．t be reminded 25．Althugh 26．sliding 27．which 28．smething 29．that 30．what
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了几年前，一位同事邀请作者参加一个经典的社交传统：“游戏之夜”的故事。
21．考查介词。句意：当我和别人出去玩的时候，我更喜欢自由的对话，而不是竞争的结构。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语prefer sth t sth“喜欢某事胜过某事”，所以此处为介词t的填入。故填t。
22．考查连词。句意：当有人开始解释游戏规则时，我的大脑往往会不由自主地关闭，这是一种防御机制，可以抵御不必要和无用的信息。分析句子可知，此处为连词表示“一……就……”引导的时间状语从句，满足句意要求。故填As sn as。
23．考查动词时态和语态。句意：有人向我保证，我“几轮之后就会得到它”，但这从未发生过。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，主语I和动词assure为被动关系，表示“我被使确信”，结合上下文时态可知，此处应为陈述过去发生的事情，所以为一般过去时的被动语态结构。故填was assured。
24．考查动词不定式的被动语态结构。句意：我太糟糕了，因为我的不可预测的表演和不断需要被提醒发生了什么，我破坏了其他人的体验。分析句子可知，此处为动词不定式作后置定语修饰名词短语unpredictable plays and cnstant need，表示“将要做的事情”，unpredictable plays and cnstant need和动词remind为被动关系，所以为动词不定式的被动语态结构。故填t be reminded。
25．考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管这些人友善地成为了我的朋友，但我再也没有被邀请参加另一个游戏之夜。分析句子可知，此处为连词Althugh表示“尽管”引导的让步状语从句，满足句意要求。故填Althugh。
26．考查独立主格结构。句意：我们只知道你不是一个真正的游戏爱好者，其中一人后来告诉我，眼睛移向一边。分析句子可知，此处为独立主格结构，此处动词应为非谓语形式，eyes和slide为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填sliding。
27．考查定语从句。句意：每个城镇都有喜欢通过游戏进行社交的人，这让我觉得无法接受他们的抵制。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整句话在从句中作主语成分。故填which。
28．考查代词。句意：我想，也许我忽略了游戏的社交价值。根据句意以及空后abut介词可知，此处为代词smething表示“一些事情”，构成smething abut“一些关于”，满足句意要求。故填smething。
29．考查同位语从句。句意：然而，我仍然觉得它们是一种消磨时间的愚蠢方式。分析句子可知，此处为that引导的同位语从句，对先行词sense的解释和说明。故填that。
30．考查主语从句。句意：我们所看到的游戏只是不同的。分析句子可知，we see as play是主语从句，该主语从句缺少宾语，所以应该用连接代词what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作宾语成分，意为“……的事物”。故填what。
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Jack Lndn: A Fascinating Character
When ne mentins Jack Lndn, the mst cmmn cntemprary references that pp t mind are The Call f the Wild and White Fang. Hwever, upn a clser lk at the authr, the true depth f hw varied and interesting his life and wrks were can really be 31 .
Lndn is cnsidered America’s best authr by many. Mst successful and at ease writing shrt stries, he was als the first authr t becme genuinely wealthy during his lifetime frm selling his wrk. Hwever, this did nt happen vernight: in fact, Lndn received 600 32 befre his first stry was published fr a spread ut payment f $5.
During his 40 years, Lndn seemed t have lived 1000 33 . By the age f 18, he had already wrked as a cal miner, wrked n sealing ships and can factries, and been in a(n) 34 f beggars. At 17, he went t jail in Buffal, NY fr 30 days due t the latter, an experience which prved t be ne that even the prductive writer himself called 35 .
When he did return t his frmal educatin, he cmpleted high schl and then attended UC Berkley, which had been a majr dream fr him. Hwever, he stpped after just ne semester as he ran ut f mney and carried n t 36 the Klndike Gld Rush with his brther-in-law. That wuld later be the 37 fr sme f his mst famus wrks. It was als in the Yukn that Lndn became very ill and began writing. When he returned hme, he 38 t becme a cmmercially successful writer and began t write 1000 wrds daily. He wrte f adventure, plitics, humanity, survival, ften 39 frm a large number f him persnal experiences.
Lndn died at the age f 40, frm a drug verdse. It is nt knwn whether it was 40 r nt, as he made many references t suicide thrughut his wrks.
【答案】
31．E 32．B 33．F 34．K 35．C 36．G 37．J 38．I 39．D 40．H
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍美国作家杰克·伦敦（Jack Lndn）。
31．考查动词。句意：然而，仔细观察作者，他的生活和作品是多么的丰富多彩和有趣，这一点确实是可以看出来的。根据“upn a clser lk at the authr, the true depth f hw varied and interesting his life and wrks were can really be”可知，这里需要动词nte，意为“注意到”，此处用过去分词与前面的can be构成被动语态。故选E。
32．考查名词。句意：然而，这并不是一夜之间发生的：事实上，在他的第一篇报道以5美元的分期付款发表之前，伦敦收到了600份拒绝信。根据“this did nt happen vernight”可知，这里需要复数名词rejectins，意为“拒绝信”，作宾语。故选B。
33．考查名词。句意：在他的40年里，伦敦似乎经历了1000个人的生活。根据“have lived 1000 ”可知，这里需要名词lives，意为“生活”，作宾语。故选F。
34．考查名词。句意：18岁时，他已经当过煤矿工人，在密封船和罐头厂工作，还加入了一帮乞丐。根据“f beggars”可知，这里需要名词band，意为“帮派”，作宾语。故选K。
35．考查形容词。句意：17岁时，他因后者在纽约州布法罗市入狱30天，事实证明，即使是多产的作家自己也称这种经历难以形容。根据“At 17, he went t jail in Buffal, NY fr 30 days due t the latter,”可知，这里需要形容词indescribable，意为“难以置信的”，作补语。故选C。
36．考查动词。句意：然而，仅仅一个学期后，由于钱花光了，他就停了下来，继续和姐夫一起参加克朗代克淘金热。根据“the Klndike Gld Rush ”可知，这里需要动词hit，意为“加入……的行列、在……中碰运气”，结合carry n t d继续做另一件事情，此处用动词原形。故选G。
37．考查名词。句意：这将是后来他的一些最著名的作品的背景。根据“fr sme f his mst famus wrks”可知，这里需要名词setting，意为“背景”，作表语。故选J。
38．考查动词。句意：回国后，他决心成为一名在商业上成功的作家，并开始每天写1000字。根据“t becme a cmmercially successful writer and began t write 1000 wrds daily. ”可知，这里需要动词，意为“下定决心”，作谓语，且为一般过去时，故选I。
39．考查动词。句意：他写冒险、政治、人性、生存，经常从他的大量个人经历中汲取灵感。根据“frm a large number f him persnal experiences.”可知，这里需要动词draw，意为“吸收”，与逻辑主语He 是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故选D。
40．考查形容词。句意：目前还不知道这是否是故意的，因为他在整个作品中都提到了自杀。根据“as he made many references t suicide thrughut his wrks.”可知，这里需要形容词intentinal，意为“故意的”，作表语。故选H。
II. Reading Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext
Is a Science-Based Educatin the Way t G?
In this present age when we are heavily dependent n science and technlgy, a science-based educatin system naturally becmes prevalent t equip the yung with knwledge f the 41 f ur wrld arund them. The varius disciplines f science, such as bilgy and astrnmy, certainly help us t grasp nt nly the 42 f Earth, but als the significance f human beings in the universe. Mrever, as peple naturally have an inbrn desire t cntrl the envirnment, a science-based educatin seems t be well 43 t humanity’s inquisitive nature. 44 , it remains questinable whether a science-based educatin is able t paint a cmplete picture f the wrld.
Certainly, it equips us with the knwledge f 45 which is necessary fr us t make sense f the wrld. By laying the fundatin f the skills in students, they will be equipped with the necessary skills t discver the wrld as 46 by science tday. A classic example is Gregr Mendel’s famus pea plant experiment. Withut this, we wuld nt have understd the 47 f ur genes, nr the reasns why ffspring may lk strikingly similar t their parents.
Additinally, the scientific methd highlights the imprtance f 48 , which is instrumental in the acquisitin f knwledge. In a typical science-based educatinal system, students are taught t bjectively analyze empirical data and derive scientific principles. Besides, a science-based educatin empwers us t 49 precnceived(预想的) cncepts instead f merely accepting “facts” at face value.
Despite its 50 , a science-based educatin des nt always enlighten us abut certain aspects f the wrld that can’t be ratinalized thrugh the scientific methd. Thugh it explains hw the wrld wrks, it is lacking as it des nt 51 much abut why things happen. Fr example, science can prvide a neurlgical explanatin n hw we perceive breathtaking scenery, but it can’t explain what cnstitutes beauty r why we are s innately drawn t it. Thus, t 52 , the Arts ffer us insightful perspectives n the rle f science and the wrld at large.
Mrever, science may have great emphasis n prgress that may cme at a great 53 t the wrld. A science-based educatin that fcuses slely n the latest scientific breakthrughs may well 54 the study f ethical cntrversies and significant histrical events. Fr instance, it remains t be seen whether clning is mrally acceptable.
In cnclusin, a science-based educatin cupled with adequate expsure t ethics, values and the humanities wuld 55 students with a deeper insight int the cmplex nature f the wrld.
41．A．mechanicsB．inventinsC．truthsD．bjectives
42．A．significanceB．evlutinC．cmpsitinD．prspect
43．A．subjectedB．reducedC．entitledD．tailred
44．A．NeverthelessB．MreverC．InsteadD．Therefre
45．A．dubtB．suspicinC．inquiryD．cnsultatin
46．A．framedB．explainedC．assessedD．justified
47．A．dependenceB．burstC．cnsciusnessD．functin
48．A．bjectivityB．illustratinC．curisityD．inquiry
49．A．denyB．challengeC．dismissD．highlight
50．A．marginsB．expensesC．initiativesD．virtues
51．A．wrryB．careC．revealD．enclse
52．A．draw a parallelB．make ends meetC．strike a balanceD．make a cmparisn
53．A．cstB．advantageC．discuntD．angle
54．A．underlineB．priritizeC．furtherD．neglect
55．A．assistB．furnishC．ccupyD．engage
【答案】
41．A 42．B 43．D 44．A 45．C 46．B 47．D 48．A 49．B 50．D 51．C 52．C 53．A 54．D 55．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了以科学为基础的教育是否正确的问题，解释了以科学为基础的教育的优缺点。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我们严重依赖科学技术的当今时代，以科学为基础的教育体系自然变得普遍，以使年轻人掌握周围世界的机制知识。A. mechanics机械学；B. inventins发明；C. truths真理；D. bjectives目标。根据后文“The varius disciplines f science, such as bilgy and astrnmy”可知，此处指以科学为基础的教育体系自然变得普遍，以使年轻人掌握周围世界的机制知识。故选A。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学的各个学科，如生物学和天文学，当然不仅帮助我们掌握地球的进化，而且还帮助我们掌握人类在宇宙中的意义。A. significance重要性；B. evlutin进化；C. cmpsitin作品；D. prspect预期。根据上文“The varius disciplines f science, such as bilgy and astrnmy, certainly help us t grasp nt nly the”指这些学科帮助学生掌握地球的进化。故选B。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，由于人类天生就有控制环境的欲望，以科学为基础的教育似乎很适合人类好奇的天性。A. subjected使遭受；B. reduced减少；C. entitled使享受权利；D. tailred定制，迎合。根据上文“peple naturally have an inbrn desire t cntrl the envirnment”可知，人类天生就有控制环境的欲望，以科学为基础的教育似乎很适合人类好奇的天性，tailr此处表示“迎合”符合语境。故选D。
44．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，以科学为基础的教育是否能够描绘出世界的完整图景仍然值得怀疑。A. Nevertheless然而；B. Mrever此外；C. Instead反而；D. Therefre因此。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，故选A。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，它使我们具备探究的知识，这是我们理解世界所必需的。A. dubt怀疑；B. suspicin猜想；C. inquiry探究，询问；D. cnsultatin商讨。后文“A classic example is Gregr Mendel’s famus pea plant experiment.”提出了孟德尔著名的豌豆植物实验，说明以科学为基础的教育让学生学会探究，从而理解世界。故选C。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过为学生奠定技能基础，他们将具备发现当今科学所解释的世界的必要技能。A. framed制订；B. explained解释；C. assessed评估；D. justified证明。根据上文“discver the wrld as”此处指当今科学所解释的世界，故选B。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有这一点，我们就无法理解基因的功能，也无法理解后代与父母惊人相似的原因。A. dependence依赖；B. burst爆发；C. cnsciusness知觉；D. functin功能。根据后文“f ur genes, nr the reasns why ffspring may lk strikingly similar t their parents”可知，通过为学生奠定技能基础，他们将具备发现当今科学所解释的世界的必要技能，如果没有这一点，我们就无法理解基因的功能，也无法理解后代与父母惊人相似的原因。故选D。
48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，科学方法强调客观性的重要性，这是获取知识的工具。A. bjectivity客观性；B. illustratin插图；C. curisity好奇心；D. inquiry询问。根据后文“In a typical science-based educatinal system, students are taught t bjectively analyze empirical data and derive scientific principles.(在典型的以科学为基础的教育体系中，学生被教导客观地分析经验数据并得出科学原理)”可知，科学方法强调了客观性。故选A。
49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，以科学为基础的教育使我们能够挑战先入为主的观念，而不是仅仅接受表面上的“事实”。A. deny否认；B. challenge挑战；C. dismiss解散；D. highlight突出。根据后文“instead f merely accepting “facts” at face value.”指以科学为基础的教育使我们能够挑战先入为主的观念，而不是仅仅接受表面上的“事实”。故选B。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管有其优点，但以科学为基础的教育并不总能让我们了解无法通过科学方法合理化的世界的某些方面。A. margins利润；B. expenses花费；C. initiatives积极性；D. virtues优点。上文主要说明了以科学为基础的教育帮助学生理解世界，发展自身能力，即优点。故选D。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然它解释了世界是如何运作的，但它并没有揭示很多事情发生的原因，因此存在不足。A. wrry担心；B. care关心；C. reveal揭露；D. enclse包围。根据后文“much abut why things happen”指这种教育没有揭示很多事情发生的原因，存在不足。故选C。
52．考查动词短语辨析。句意：因此，为了达到平衡，艺术为我们提供了关于科学和整个世界的角色的深刻见解。A. draw a parallel作比较；B. make ends meet收支平衡；C. strike a balance达到平衡；D. make a cmparisn进行比较。根据后文“the Arts ffer us insightful perspectives n the rle f science and the wrld at large”可知，艺术是为了平衡科学的不足，为我们提供了关于科学和整个世界的角色的深刻见解。故选C。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，科学可能非常强调进步，这可能会让世界付出巨大的代价。A. cst花费；B. advantage优势；C. discunt打折；D. angle角度。根据后文提到以科学为基础的教育，只关注最新的科学突破，很可能会忽视对伦理争议和重大历史事件的研究，说明科学可能非常强调进步，这可能会让世界付出巨大的代价。故选A。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：以科学为基础的教育，只关注最新的科学突破，很可能会忽视对伦理争议和重大历史事件的研究。A. underline强调；B. priritize优先考虑；C. further促进；D. neglect忽视。根据上文“A science-based educatin that fcuses slely n the latest scientific breakthrughs”可知，只关注最新的科学突破，很可能会忽视对伦理争议和重大历史事件的研究。故选D。
55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：总之，以科学为基础的教育，加上充分接触伦理、价值观和人文学科，将使学生对世界的复杂本质有更深入的了解。A. assist帮助；B. furnish提供，配备家具；C. ccupy占据；D. engage参与。根据后文“students with a deeper insight int the cmplex nature f the wrld”此处指以科学为基础的教育，加上充分接触伦理、价值观和人文学科，将使学生对世界的复杂本质有更深入的了解。furnish with表示“为……提供”。故选B。
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
What was the best gift I ever received? Well, I’m a music lver, s I’d have t say it was either a Sptify subscriptin r my tp-f-the-range Sny MDR-7506 headphnes. Tgether they’ve prvided me with cuntless hurs f high-quality audi accmpaniment. Grwing up in a lving, well-ff family in ne f the richest cuntries in the wrld, what mre culd I want?
Giving gifts t lved nes is great: it’s a rewarding way t spread jy and strengthen friendships and family ties. But at this time f year I’m always reminded f hw many peple nt nly get n presents but als lack the basics t allw them t live healthy lives. Fr me, luxury headphnes were the perfect gift; fr the wrld’s prest, it wuld be nutritius fd, clean water and health care.
The prest 10% f the wrld’s ppulatin, sme 700 millin peple, live n less than $1.90 per day. And that’s adjusting fr lcal purchasing pwer: they live n what $1.90 wuld buy in the
U.S. Faced with this kind f budget, and ften gegraphically islated, they are frced t eat whatever they can find and drink and wash in unsafe water. They can nly pray that they dn’t succumb t malnutritin, malaria r any number f ther diseases that, while perfectly curable in rich cuntries, frequently ruin r end lives in the develping wrld.
I dn’t seek t make anyne feel guilty fr exchanging luxury gds with the peple they lve. But it seems t me that there’s anther type f giving that is, if anything, even mre prfund: giving the basics f life t thse mst in need. Sure, yu might nt get a thank-yu letter(wh des these days?), but yu’ll have dne smething extrardinary.
Hwever, I’m nt just interested in peple giving mre t charity(althugh that is imprtant). I’m als passinate abut peple giving smarter, because where yu give can make a huge difference n the impact yu’ll have.
What d I mean by that? Well, t start with, there’s a reasn I’ve been talking abut the develping wrld. Even average earners in the West are incredibly rich cmpared with the glbal pr, s a sum f mney cnsidered mderate fr sme culd make a huge difference in the prest cuntries.
That’s nt t say that all develping wrld pverty-relief charities ate gd at making a difference—that’s certainly nt the case. Plenty f mney dnated in gd faith is lst t lcal crruptin, pr administratin r prgrams f interventin that sund great in thery but dn’t achieve much in practice. As a result, it’s crucial t lk at the effectiveness f the wrk a charity des befre cmmitting yur mney. Hw much gd des it achieve fr each dllar dnated? Is there rbust evidence fr the impact f its prgrams?
It’s nt always easy fr peple t find the answers, but they are vital questins t ask. That’s why there are nw rganizatins devted t finding and prmting the best charities. As part f the effective-altruism(利他主义) mvements, they are dedicated t helping peple make the biggest pssible difference with their dnatins.
I lve my music, and I lve my headphnes. But this year, the best gift I culd get is t see as many peple as pssible giving generusly t the mst effective charities in the wrld.
56．What des the phrase “succumb t”(paragraph 3, line 5)mean?
A．be unaffected byB．cease ppsitin t
C．be uncnnected withD．help t cause
57．Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A．The authr thinks that peple giving luxury gifts t the nes they lve shuld feel guilty.
B．The authr believes that there is nthing mre he wants because he grws up in very rich family.
C．The authr argues that cmpared with thse pr, an rdinary wrker in the West desn’t earn much.
D．The authr says that sme diseases which might be deadly in pr cuntries can be cured in develped cuntries.
58．Which f the fllwing statements can yu pssibly infer frm the passage?
A．Peple used t receive a letter f cmpliment frm the receiver after they dnated mney t charities.
B．Giving smarter means that thse wh dnate shuld knw clearly hw the charity wrks with the gvernment.
C．Sme charity prgrams fail t achieve much and seem t be less effective because they are nt very practical.
D．The rganizatins devted t finding the best charities aim t appeal t peple t dnate mre mney.
59．Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?
A．Giving the basics f life t thse in need
B．Giving best gifts t yur belved nes
C．Making the best gift cunt
D．The effective-altruism mvement
【答案】56．D 57．D 58．C 59．C
【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者从收到的最好的礼物入手，呼吁更多的人捐款给世界上最有效的慈善机构以帮助那些处于贫困之中的人。
56．词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“they are frced t eat whatever they can find and drink and wash in unsafe water.”可知，他们被迫吃他们能找到的任何东西，喝不安全的水，用不安全的水洗澡。他们只能祈祷自己不会患上营养不良、疟疾或其他疾病，由此可知画线词词义为“帮助引发”，故D项正确。
57．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“…while perfectly curable in rich cuntries, frequently ruin r end lives in the develping wrld.”可知，这些疾病在富裕国家是完全可以治愈的，但往往会毁掉或结束发展中国家的人的生活，由此可知，一些在贫穷的国家可能致命的疾病在发达国家是可以治愈的，故D项正确。
58．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“prgrams f interventin that sund great in thery but dn’t achieve much in practice.”可知，一些干预计划（慈善项目）虽然在理论上听起来不错，但在实践中收效甚微，也就是说一些慈善项目由于不太实际，所以收效甚微，故C项正确。
59．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据最后一段中的“But this year, the best gift I culd get is t see as many peple as pssible giving generusly t the mst effective charities in the wrld.”可知，作者从收到的最好的礼物入手，呼吁更多的人捐款给世界上最有效的慈善机构以帮助那些处于贫困之中的人，故C项（让最好的礼物有意义）最适合做文章标题。
【点睛】文章标题形式的主旨大意题难度较大，被选选项要具有高度的概括性，因此抓住文章主题是关键，夹叙夹议文的主题一般体现在最后的感悟部分，通常由but, yet, hwever等表示转折关系的词语引出，例如本篇第4题，根据最后一段中的“But this year, the best gift I culd get is t see as many peple as pssible giving generusly t the mst effective charities in the wrld.”可知，作者从收到的最好的礼物入手，呼吁更多的人捐款给世界上最有效的慈善机构以帮助那些处于贫困之中的人，因此标题一定要体现出“最好的礼物”和“用到实处（帮助别人）”两方面，故C项（让最好的礼物有意义）最适合做文章标题。
(B)
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60．Which f the fllwing is nt the feature f the Lively Flip?
A．It abandns the unnecessary functins.
B．It ensures every call is in high quality.
C．It desn’t require a phne number-change.
D．It enables the user t call the dctr fr help at any mment.
61．Fr whm is the Lively Flip the mst suitable?
A．Businessmen traveling regularly
B．Teenagers attending schl
C．The aged unfamiliar with digital technlgies
D．Tech enthusiasts enjying cllecting the latest cellphne mdels
62．Which f the fllwing can be learned frm the leaflet?
A．The high-quality camera ensures great phts in any lighting cnditins.
B．The urgent respnse buttn design is unique t the Lively Flip.
C．Fixed mnthly fees are invlved in the use f the Lively Flip.
D．The urgent respnse service is activated when the device is cnnected t the netwrk.
【答案】60．D 61．C 62．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍Lively Flip这款手机的特点，服务和费用等。
60．细节理解题。根据EASY TO USE中的“Tday, cell phnes are hard t hear, difficult t dial and verladed with features yu may never use. That’s nt the case with the Lively Flip. A large screen and big buttns make it easy t call family and friends, and the pwerful speaker ensures every cnversatin is lud and clear. (如今，手机听起来很难听，很难拨号，而且功能繁多，你可能永远都用不到。但Lively Flip的情况并非如此。大屏幕和大按钮让打电话给家人和朋友很容易，强大的扬声器确保每一次对话都是响亮和清晰的)”可知A项(它摒弃了不必要的功能)、B项(它保证了每次通话的高质量)是Lively Flip的特点，再根据文章中的“The Lively Flip is ne f the mst affrdable cell phnes n the market and cmes with reliable natinwide cverage. Yu can even keep yur current landline r cell phne number. (Lively Flip是市场上最实惠的手机之一，具有可靠的全国覆盖。你甚至可以保留你现在的座机或手机号码)”可知C选项(它不需要更改电话号码)也是Lively Flip的特点，D选项“它使用户可以随时呼叫医生寻求帮助”文章没有提到，故选D。
61．推理判断题。根据EASY TO USE中的“Tday, cell phnes are hard t hear, difficult t dial and verladed with features yu may never use. That’s nt the case with the Lively Flip. A large screen and big buttns make it easy t call family and friends, and the pwerful speaker ensures every cnversatin is lud and clear. (如今，手机听起来很难听，很难拨号，而且功能繁多，你可能永远都用不到。但Lively Flip的情况并非如此。大屏幕和大按钮让打电话给家人和朋友很容易，强大的扬声器确保每一次对话都是响亮和清晰的)”可知Lively Flip手机打电话操作方便，声音质量好，所以推断它特别适合不熟悉数字技术的老年人，故选C。
62．细节理解题。根据EASY TO BE PREPARED部分“Life has a way f being unpredictable, but yu can be prepared in an uncertain r unsafe situatin with Urgent Respnse Service. Simply press the Urgent Respnse buttn t speak with a highly trained Agent wh can cnfirm yur lcatin, evaluate yur situatin and get yu the help yu need, 24/7.(做好准备生活有一种不可预测的方式，但您可以通过紧急响应服务在不确定或不安全的情况下做好准备。只需按下紧急响应按钮，即可与训练有素的代理人交谈，该代理人可以确认您的位置，评估您的情况，并为您提供所需的帮助，全天候)”可知，紧急响应按钮的设计是Lively Flip独有的。故选B。
(C)
As Frans de Waal, a primatlgist (灵长动物学家), recgnizes, a better way t think abut ther creatures wuld be t ask urselves hw different species have develped different kinds f minds t slve different adaptive prblems. Surely the imprtant questin is nt whether animals can d the same things humans can, but hw thse animals slve the cgnitive (认知的) prblems they face, like hw t imitate the sea flr. Children and sme animals are s interesting nt because they are smart like us, but because they are smart in ways we haven’t even cnsidered.
Smetimes studying children’s ways f knwing can cast light n adult-human cgnitin. Children’s pretend play may help us understand ur adult taste fr fictin. De Waal’s research prvides anther interesting example. We human beings tend t think that ur scial relatinships are rted in ur perceptins, beliefs, and desires, and ur understanding f the perceptins, beliefs, and desires f thers — what psychlgists call ur “thery f mind.” In the 80s and 90s, develpmental psychlgists shwed that pre-schlers and even infants understand minds apart frm their wn. But it was hard t shw that ther animals did the same. “Thery f mind” became a candidate fr the special, uniquely human trick.
Yet de Waal’s studies shw that chimps (黑猩猩) pssess a remarkably develped plitical intelligence — they are much interested in figuring ut scial relatinships. It turns ut, as de Waal describes, that chimps d infer smething abut what ther chimps see. But experimental studies als suggest that this happens nly in a cmpetitive plitical cntext. The evlutinary anthrplgist (人类学家) Brain Hare and his clleagues gave a junir chimp a chice between pieces f fd that a dminant chimp had seen hidden and ther pieces it had nt seen hidden. The junir chimp, wh watched all the hiding, stayed away frm the fd the dminant chimp had seen, but tk the fd it hadn’t seen.
Anyne wh has gne t an academic cnference will recgnize that we may be in the same situatin. We may say that we sign up because we’re eager t find ut what ther human beings think, but we’re just as interested in wh’s n tp. Many f the plitical judgments we make there dn’t have much t d with ur thery f mind. We may shw ur respect t a famus prfessr even if we have n respect fr his ideas.
Until recently, hwever, there wasn’t much research int hw humans develp and emply this kind f plitical knwledge. It may be that we understand the scial wrld in terms f dminance, like chimps, but we’re just nt usually as plitically mtivated as they are. Instead f asking whether we have a better everyday thery f mind, we might wnder whether they have a better everyday thery f plitics.
63．Accrding t the first paragraph, which f the fllwing shws that an animal is smart?
A．It can behave like a human kid.
B．It can imitate what human beings d.
C．It can find a slutin t its wn prblem.
D．It can figure ut thse adaptive prblems.
64．Which f the fllwing statements best illustrates ur “thery f mind”?
A．We talk with infants in a way that they can fully understand.
B．We make guesses at what thers think while interacting with them.
C．We hide ur emtins when we try establishing cntact with a stranger.
D．We try t understand hw kids’ pretend play affects ur taste fr fictin.
65．What can be inferred frm the passage?
A．Neither human nr animals display their preference fr dminance.
B．Animals living in a cmpetitive plitical cntext are smarter.
C．Bth humans and sme animals have plitical intelligence.
D．Humans are mre interested in wh’s n tp than animals.
66．By the underlined sentence in the last paragraph, the writer means that ________.
A．we knw little abut hw chimps are plitically mtivated
B．ur plitical knwledge desn’t always determine hw we behave
C．ur thery f mind might enable us t understand ur thery f plitics
D．mre research shuld be cnducted t understand animals’ scial wrld
【答案】63．C 64．B 65．C 66．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们人类的心智理论，同时说明了黑猩猩虽和人类一样有政治才能，但是不一样的是，人类的政治知识不总是决定我们的行为。
63．细节理解题。根据第一段“Surely the imprtant questin is nt whether animals can d the same things humans can, but hw thse animals slve the cgnitive (认知的) prblems they face, like hw t imitate the sea flr. (当然，重要的问题不在于动物是否能做与人类相同的事情，而在于这些动物如何解决它们面临的认知问题，比如如何模仿海底)”可知，根据第一段，C项“动物可以找到自己问题的解决方案”表明动物很聪明。故选C。
64．推理判断题。文章第二段讲到“We human beings tend t think that ur scial relatinships are rted in ur perceptins, beliefs, and desires, and ur understanding f the perceptins, beliefs, and desires f thers — what psychlgists call ur “thery f mind.”(我们人类倾向于认为，我们的社会关系植根于我们的感知、信念和欲望，以及我们对他人感知、信仰和欲望的理解——心理学家称之为我们的“心理理论”)”可知，“心理理论”即我们对我们的感知、信仰和欲望，以及我们对他人的感知、信仰和欲望的理解。由此推知，B项“我们在与他人互动时猜测他人的想法”最能说明我们的“心理理论”。故选B。
65．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Yet de Waal’s studies shw that chimps (黑猩猩) pssess a remarkably develped plitical intelligence — they are much interested in figuring ut scial relatinships.(然而，德瓦尔的研究表明，黑猩猩拥有非常发达的政治智力——它们对弄清社会关系非常感兴趣)”和最后一段中的“Until recently, hwever, there wasn’t much research int hw humans develp and emply this kind f plitical knwledge.(然而，直到最近，对于人类如何发展和运用这种政治知识，还没有太多的研究)”可推知，人类和一些动物都有政治智慧。故选C。
66．词句猜测题。根据划线句子下文“Instead f asking whether we have a better everyday thery f mind, we might wnder whether they have a better everyday thery f plitics.(与其问我们是否有更好的日常心智理论，不如问他们是否有更好的日常政治理论)”和第三段中的第一句话“Yet de Waal’s studies shw that chimps (黑猩猩) pssess a remarkably develped plitical intelligence — they are much interested in figuring ut scial relatinships.(然而，德瓦尔的研究表明，黑猩猩拥有非常发达的政治智力——它们对弄清社会关系非常感兴趣)”可知，黑猩猩的政治智力会决定它们的行为，但是人类不一样，结合划线句子“It may be that we understand the scial wrld in terms f dminance, like chimps, but we’re just nt usually as plitically mtivated as they are.(也许我们像黑猩猩一样，从支配地位的角度来理解社会世界，但我们通常不像它们那样有政治动机)”可知，人类不像黑猩猩一样有政治动机，黑猩猩的政治智力会决定它们的行为，但是人类不一样。由此可知，划线句子所表达的意思是“人类的政治知识不总是决定我们的表现”。故选B。
Sectin C
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the sentences in the bx Each sentence can nly be used nce. Nte that there are tw sentences mre than yu need.
The majrity f the nearly 2 billin punds f pumpkins cultivated in the US each year are carved up instead f being eaten, making the pumpkins a unique part f the agriculture industry. Fr peple wh prefer seasnal recipes t decratins, that may raise a few questins: Are the pumpkins sld fr jack-'-lantens different frm punpkins sld as fd? 67
The pumpkins available at farms and utside supermarkets during Octber are what mst peple knw, but that's just ne type f pumpkin. Hwden pumpkins are the mst cmmn decrative pumpkin variety. They've been bred specifically fr carving int jack-'-lanterns, with a symmetrical (对称的) rund shape and tugh stem that acts as a handle.
68 They have walls that are thin enugh t pke a cheap knife thrugh and a texture that's unappealing cmpared t the pumpkins cnsumers are used t eating. “Uncut carving pumpkins are safe t eat; hwever, it's nt the best type t use fr cking,” Daria McKelvey, a supervisr fr the Kemper Center fr Hme Gardening at the Missuri Btanical Garden, tells Mental Flss.
T get the best-tasting pumpkins pssible this autumn, yu're better ff aviding the seasnal supermarket displays. Many pumpkins varieties are bred especially fr cking and eating. These include Sugar pie, Kabcha, and Cinderella pumpkins. Yu can shp fr thse varieties by name at lcal farms r in the prduce sectin f yur grcery stre. They shuld be easy t tell apart frm the carving pumpkins available fr Hallween: 69 This is part f the reasn why they taste better.
If yu d want t get sme cking use ut f yur carving pumpkins this Hallween, set aside the seeds when picking ut the guts. Rasted with flavrs and live il, seeds frm different pumpkin varieties becme a tasty and nutritius snack. 70 There are many ways t recycle yur jack-'-lanterns, but turning them int a pie isn't ne f them. “If ne des plan n cking with a carving pumpkin, it shuld be intact,” McKelvey says. “Never use ne that's been carved int a jack-'-lantern, therwise yu culd be dealing with bacteria, dirt and dust.”
【答案】67．F 68．C 69．E 70．A
【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了用于万圣节的雕刻南瓜，它和烹饪南瓜的区别以及如何将其用于烹饪。
67．根据上文“Fr peple wh prefer seasnal recipes t decratins, that may raise a few questins: Are the pumpkins sld fr jack-'-lantens different frm punpkins sld as fd?(对于那些喜欢季节性食谱而不是装饰的人来说，这可能会带来一些问题：做南瓜灯的南瓜和做食物的南瓜有区别吗? )”中a few questins可知，问题不止一个，所以设空处应该是一个问题，因此只能在B和F中选，再根据句中问问题的人“peple wh prefer seasnal recipes t decratins”可推知，这些喜欢季节性食谱的人关心的问题应该与吃有关，所以F 项“And are Hallween pumpkins any gd t eat?(万圣节南瓜好吃吗?)”是最佳选项。故选F项。
68．根据下文“They have walls that are thin enugh t pke a cheap knife thrugh and a texture that's unappealing cmpared t the pumpkins cnsumers are used t eating.(它们的壁薄到可以用一把便宜的小刀刺穿，而且与消费者习惯吃的南瓜相比，它的质地并不吸引人)”中指示代词they可知，设空处应出现代词指代对象，再结合句意可推知，they指代的对象可用于雕刻且味道不如消费者习惯吃的南瓜，C项“Because they're bred t be decratin first, carving pumpkins dn't taste very gd.(因为它们最初是被培育来做装饰的，雕刻南瓜的味道不是很好)”中说到的carving pumpkins正是其指代对象。故选C项。
69．根据上文“They shuld be easy t tell apart frm the carving pumpkins available fr Hallween:(它们应该很容易和万圣节用的雕刻南瓜区分开来)”中冒号可知，设空处是介绍区分烹饪南瓜和雕刻南瓜的方法，E项“Unlike decrative pumpkins, cking pumpkins are small and dense.(与装饰性南瓜不同，烹饪南瓜体积小，密度大)”介绍了两种南瓜的不同之处，且句中dense与下文“This is part f the reasn why they taste better.(这是它们味道更好的部分原因)”相照应。故选E项。
70．上文“Rasted with flavrs and live il, seeds frm different pumpkin varieties becme a tasty and nutritius snack.(用香料和橄榄油烘烤，不同品种的南瓜种子就变成为一种美味又营养的小吃)”说把雕刻南瓜种子做成可口的小吃，A项“Whatever yu d, make sure yur pumpkin isn't carved up already when yu decide t ck with it.(无论你做什么，确保你的南瓜在你决定烹饪的时候没有被切开)”讲雕刻南瓜的烹饪，上下文语意相关，且与下文“‘If ne des plan n cking with a carving pumpkin, it shuld be intact,’ McKelvey says. ‘Never use ne that's been carved int a jack-'-lantern, therwise yu culd be dealing with bacteria, dirt and dust. ’(麦凯维说:“如果有人打算用雕刻的南瓜来烹饪，那么南瓜应该是完好无损的。千万不要使用雕刻成南瓜灯的南瓜，否则你可能会接触到细菌、灰尘和灰尘。”) ”相照应。故选A项。
IV.Summary Writing
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint( s)f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Obstacles t the crrect decisin
Life is full f chices, sme incnsequential, sme really significant. But smetimes it can be hard t make the crrect ne. What are the bstacles that stand between us and a gd utcme?
Sme f us just find it hard t decide. Alice Byes, writing fr Harvard Business Review, tells us this can be cnnected t perfectinism, where peple attempt t find a perfect slutin t any prblem and are unable t mve frward when they can’t find ne. It might seem that being indecisive wuld stp us making the right decisin, but in fact it culd actually help us make the crrect nes.
Susan Krauss in Psychlgy Tday reminds us that peple ften make bad decisins because they base them n precnceptins rather than the cntext in which things happen. She highlights a paper by researcher Iris Schneider which finds that indecisive peple are mre likely t lk at different perspectives and use them t cme t a better decisin. S, it culd be that a mre significant barrier t making the best chice is ur cgnitive biases.
David Rbsn tells us that intelligence can smetimes stp peple making the right decisin. Peple smetimes use intelligence t invent justificatins fr irratinal beliefs. He believes that humility is key t making a gd decisin. Peple wh can accept that they might be wrng are mre likely t cnsider different viewpints. He is backed up n this by Jeff Bezs. Tech CEO Jasn Fried recalls the Amazn funder saying hw the peple wh were right a lt f the time were the peple wh ften changed their minds.
S, maybe rather than indecisin, it might be intelligence and decisiveness, backed up by ur biases that actually stp us making gd chices while humility and indecisiveness culd help us pick the best ptin.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】There are bstacles in decisin- making. Sme perfectinists are indecisive but in fact their indecisiveness can aid in sund decisin-making. Withut cgnitive biases, indecisive peple tend t cnsider different perspectives. Als, intelligent peple like ratinalizing unreasnable beliefs instead f admitting their errrs. Therefre, the real bstacle t better decisin-making is intelligence and decisiveness, rather than indecisin.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，决策过程中存在障碍。有些完美主义者优柔寡断，但事实上，他们的优柔寡断有助于做出正确的决策。没有认知偏差，优柔寡断的人倾向于考虑不同的观点。此外，聪明的人喜欢把不合理的信念合理化，而不是承认自己的错误。因此，做出更好决策的真正障碍是智慧和果断，而不是优柔寡断。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Sme f us just find it hard t decide.
②It might seem that being indecisive wuld stp us making the right decisin, but in fact it culd actually help us make the crrect nes.
③She highlights a paper by researcher Iris Schneider which finds that indecisive peple are mre likely t lk at different perspectives and use them t cme t a better decisin. S, it culd be that a mre significant barrier t making the best chice is ur cgnitive biases.
④David Rbsn tells us that intelligence can smetimes stp peple making the right decisin.
⑤Peple smetimes use intelligence t invent justificatins fr irratinal beliefs.
⑥S, maybe rather than indecisin, it might be intelligence and decisiveness, backed up by ur biases that actually stp us making gd chices while humility and indecisiveness culd help us pick the best ptin.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、3、6几个要点进行重组，将第4、5两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
There are bstacles in decisin- making.
Sme perfectinists are indecisive but in fact their indecisiveness can aid in sund decisin-making. Withut cgnitive biases, indecisive peple tend t cnsider different perspectives.
Als, intelligent peple like ratinalizing unreasnable beliefs instead f admitting their errrs.
Therefre, the real bstacle t better decisin-making is intelligence and decisiveness, rather than indecisin.
【点睛】[高分句型1]：There are bstacles in decisin- making. (这句话运用了there be句型)
[高分句型2]：Als, intelligent peple like ratinalizing unreasnable beliefs instead f admitting their errrs. (这句话运用了动名词作宾语)
71.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
V.Translatin (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)
Directins:Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets
72．这个包又脏又粘，他却没想过要洗洗。（ccur）
【答案】It hasn’t ccurred t him t wash the bag thugh it is sticky and dirty.
【详解】考查固定句型和状语从句。表示“某人没有想过做某事”应用It hasn’t ccurred t sb. t d sth.；表示“洗包”应用wash the bag，后跟thugh引导的让步状语从句，表示“又脏又粘”翻译为it is sticky and dirty，句子用一般现在时。故翻译为It hasn’t ccurred t him t wash the bag thugh it is sticky and dirty.
73．这个村庄位于山间，这使得普通的车辆很难到达那里。(inaccessible)
【答案】The village is lcated amng hills, which makes it inaccessible t rdinary cars.
【详解】考查时态，主谓一致和定语从句。分析句意可知，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，“这个村庄”是the village，“位于山间”是is lcated amng hills，“这使得普通的车辆很难到达那里”用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句，“使得普通的车辆很难到达那里”是make it inaccessible t rdinary cars，which指代整个主句的内容，make用第三人称单数，因此整句话翻译为“The village is lcated amng hills, which makes it inaccessible t rdinary cars”。故答案为The village is lcated amng hills, which makes it inaccessible t rdinary cars.
74．实验结果与我们所期望的大相径庭，但我们相信探索越多，就越可能成功。(likely)
【答案】The result f the experiment is ttally different frm/cntrary t what we expected, but we believe that the mre we explre, the mre likely we are t/will succeed.
【详解】考查固定短语、从句和时态。表示“实验结果”短语为the result f the experiment；表示“大相径庭”短语为be ttally different frm/cntrary t，后跟what引导的宾语从句，表示“我们所期望的”应用what we expect，为一般过去时；后跟but连接的并列句，主语为we，表示“相信”应用believe，后跟that引导的从句，表示“越……越……”应用the+比较级，the+比较级，表示“探索”应用explre，表示“可能成功”应用be likely t succeed，也可将likely看作副词，修饰谓语动词will succeed。故翻译为The result f the experiment is ttally different frm/cntrary t what we expected, but we believe that the mre we explre, the mre likely we are t/will succeed.
75．无论手头的事情多么重要或微不足道，我们都应该谨慎对待我们做的每一个决定，因为失之毫厘，差以千里。(difference)
【答案】N matter hw significant r insignificant the matter at hand is, we shuld be cautius abut every reslutin (that) we make, because ne false step will make a great difference./Hwever significant r insignificant the matter at hand is, we shuld be cautius abut every reslutin (that) we make, becasue ne false step will make a great difference.
【详解】考查时态、让步状语从句，形容词短语、介词短语、定语从句和原因状语从句。陈述客观现象，谓语动词用一般现在时。“无论……多么……或……”表达为N matter 或者，引导让步状语从句，hw或hwever后接形容词；“手头的事情”表达为 the matter at hand，介词短语at hand为后置定语，修饰让步状语从句的主语the matter；“重要”表达为形容词significant，“微不足道”表达为形容词insignificant，都作为让步状语从句的表语。“谨慎对待”表达为形容词短语be cautius abut，后接宾语“每一个决定”，可表达为名词every reslutin；“我们做的”表达为we make，修饰every reslutin，为限制性定语从句，先行词为物，且在从句中作宾语，关系代词that，也可省略，从句中用一般现在时，表经常性。“因为”表达为连接词because，引导原因状语从句；“失之毫厘，差以千里”，根据所给词difference，表达为ne false step will make a great difference”，叙述一般真理可用情态动词will，后接动词短语make adifference，作宾语。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：N matter hw significant r insignificant the matter at hand is, we shuld be cautius abut every reslutin (that) we make, becasue ne false step will make a great difference./Hwever significant r insignificant the matter at hand is, we shuld be cautius abut every reslutin (that) we make, becasue ne false step will make a great difference.
VI.Guided Writing (共25分)
Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese
假设你是明启中学高三学生李华，外国教授Jane Wilsn将于你校开展一个有关生涯规划的讲座，现向全校学生征集大家感兴趣的问题，并会在讲座中进行解答。给教授写一封邮件，内容须包括：
1）中国学生最感兴趣的两个有关生涯规划的问题；
2）你的理由。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Jane Wilsn，
Hearing that yu will give us a lecture n career planning, I am writing t intrduce tw questins abut career planning that Chinese students are mst interested in.
Firstly, many students wnder if career gals shuld align with their values and interests. It is well knwn that a prmising career ften runs cunter t ne’s interests. If we pursue this career, we wn’t be happy. On the cntrary, If we nly cnsider ur hbbies, ur careers may nt be s wnderful. Besides, many students still want t knw hw t deal with parents’ different expectatins. We dn’t want t let ur parents dwn, but we als dn’t want t give up ur ideals. This is why many students feel struggled when it cmes t career planning.
Thank yu fr cnsidering my prpsal. I lk frward t hearing yur thughts n this matter.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【导语】本书面表达属于应用文写作。要求给外教写封邮件，介绍中国学生最感兴趣的两个有关生涯规划的问题并陈述原因。
【详解】1.词汇积累
发表演讲：give a lecture→deliver a lecture
与……一致：align with→accrd with
此外：besides → what’s mre
处理：deal with→handle
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Besides, many students still want t knw hw t deal with parents’ different expectatins.
拓展句：Besides, many students still want t knw hw t deal with parents’ expectatins, which are different frm their wn career planning.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Hearing that yu will give us a lecture n career planning, I am writing t intrduce tw questins abut career planning that Chinese students are mst interested in.（运用了that引导的宾语从句及that引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】It is well knwn that a prmising career ften runs cunter t ne’s interests. （运用了it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句）
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A．Whatever yu d, make sure yur pumpkin isn't carved up already when yu decide t ck with it.
B．D Hallween pumpkins have the tendency t replace thse used fr eating in the lng run?
C．Because they're bred t be decratin first, carving pumpkins dn't taste very gd.
D．A pumpkin used fr cking and eating is grwn fr the flavr, featuring a texture ppular amng cnsumers.
E．Unlike decrative pumpkins, cking pumpkins are small and dense.
F．And are Hallween pumpkins any gd t eat?
I.Listening Cmprehensin （第1-10题, 每题1分；第11-20题，每题1.5分；共25分）
Sectin A
Directins: In Sectin A, yu will hear ten shrt cnversatins between tw speakers. At the end f each cnversatin, a questin will be asked abut what was said. The cnversatins and the questins will be spken nly nce. After yu hear a cnversatin and the questin abut it, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper, and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
A. A laundry staff member. B.A tailr fr men's clthes.
C. A telephne peratr D. A mine wrker
2. A. Driving. B. Reading. C. Shpping. D. Walking.
3. A. $15. B.$5. C.$10. D.S20.
4. A. A yellw light B. A rad accident C. A rbbery. D. A TV prgramme.
5. A. There will be t many peple at the party.
B. He feels srry that the wman is nt cming.
C. It makes peple happier t have mre parties.
D. The wman can bring her brther t the party.
6. A. The wman culd use his ruler.
B. He's faster at ding calculatins.
C. He will finish the measurement sn.
D. The wman’s ruler is better than his.
7. A. The final begins next week.
B. The man shuld check with his dctr again.
C. She wants the man t attend the final with her.
D. She hpes the man will be able t play in the final.
8. A. He's angry. B. He feels sick.
C. He gets n well with thers. D. He prefers t study alne.
9. A. It prvides reading materials fr waiting peple.
B. He had t wait a lng time fr a seat there.
C. The seats used there are uncmfrtable.
D. He wasn't able t find a seat there.
10. A. G t the ballet later in the year. B. Take ballet lessns with his sister.
C. Find a schedule f future perfrmances. D. Get a ticket frm his sister.
Sectin B
Directins: In Sectin B, yu will hear tw shrt passages and ne lnger cnversatin, and yu will be asked several questins n each f the shrt passages and the lnger cnversatin. The shrt passages and the lnger cnversatin will be read twice, but the questins will be spken nly nce. When yu hear a questin, read the fur pssible answers n yur paper and decide which ne is the best answer t the questin yu have heard.
Questins 11 thrugh 13 are based n the fllwing passage.
11.A. Clleagues have face-t-face cnversatin with him.
B.Clleagues in the same ffice email him at wrk.
C.He has t use LinkedIn fr wrk and jbs.
D.He feel islated frm his family.
12. A. Time travel. B. 3D printers. C. Internet f things. D.Fitness
13. A. Curius. B. Dubtful. C. Uninterested. D. Cnfident
Questins 14 thrugh 16 are based n the fllwing passage.
14.A. A scial trend. B. A writer. C. A she cmpany. D. A bk
15.A. New styles f shes were develped.
B.Designers started wearing the shes.
C. The cmpany made effrts t advertise its shes.
D. Manhattan clubs prmted the shes t the custmer.
16. A. They will spread much faster. B. Advertising campaigns stpped.
C. Only a few peple will ntice them. D. Wrd-f-muth marketing began t wrk.
Questins 17 thrugh 20 are based n the fllwing cnversatin.
17. A. Classmates. B. Rmmates. C. Cusins. D. Clleagues.
18. A. He culdn't decide n a tpic fr his paper.
B. He hadn't heard frm his family in a while.
C. He thught the wman had been ill
D. He thught his paper was late.
19. A. T classify different kinds f hney.B. T find their way back hme.
C. T lcate favurite plants.D. T identify relatives.
20. A. Write a paper. B. Visit his parents.
C. Plan a family reunin. D. Observe bees m the lab.
【答案】1~5.AACBD 6~10. ADBBD 11~15. BCADB 16~20. AADDA
II. Grammar and Vcabulary （每题1分；共20分）
Sectin A
Directins: After reading the passage belw, fill in the blanks t make the passage cherent and grammatically crrect. Fr the blanks with a given wrd, fill in each blank with the prper frm f the given wrd; fr the ther blanks, use ne wrd that best fits each blank.
Several years ag, a c-wrker invited me ver fr a classic scial traditin: a game night. I dn’t like bard games. When I’m hanging ut with thers, I much prefer the free flw f cnversatin____21____ the structure f cmpetitin. _____22_____ ________ smene starts explaining the game rules, my brain tends t invluntarily tune ut, a defense mechanism against unwanted and useless infrmatin.
S bviusly, eager t make new friends. I tld my c-wrk I was in.
The evening was disappinting. An alarmingly cmplex game was first explained and then repeated, upn my request. I 23 (assure) that I’d “get it after a cuple f runds,” which never happened. I was s bad that I was ruining everyne eles’s experience with my unpredictable plays and cnstant need 24 (remind) f what was happening.
25 these peple kindly became my friends anyway, I was never invited back t anther game night. “We just knw yu’re nt really a game persn, ” ne f them later tld me, eyes 26 (slide) sideward.
Nt being a game persn nwadays can make ne feel like an exceptin. Bard games, which in 2021 were a $13. 4 billin glbal market, are surging in ppularity. There are peple wh lve scializing thrugh games in every twn, 27 makes my resistance t them feel unacceptable. Maybe, I thught, I was missing 28 abut the scial value f games. Games can reveal peple’s cre qualities: hw they react when they’re stressed, hw they cperate in a team, r hw they behave when they win r lse.
Hwever, I still have a general sense 29 they’re a silly way t pass time. When I think abut the leisure activities I “indulge” in, such as cycling, they tend t have bnus benefits. Thrugh cycling, my friends and I can share experiences that simulate the variable cnditins f life: jy and pain, uncertainty and achievement. We can all reap rewards frm bnding thrugh playful activities: 30 we see as play just varies. I get that nw. But t be clear, there’s still n need t invite me t yur game night.
【答案】
21．t 22．As sn as 23．was assured 24．t be reminded 25．Althugh 26．sliding 27．which 28．smething 29．that 30．what
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。主要讲述了几年前，一位同事邀请作者参加一个经典的社交传统：“游戏之夜”的故事。
21．考查介词。句意：当我和别人出去玩的时候，我更喜欢自由的对话，而不是竞争的结构。分析句子可知，此处为动词短语prefer sth t sth“喜欢某事胜过某事”，所以此处为介词t的填入。故填t。
22．考查连词。句意：当有人开始解释游戏规则时，我的大脑往往会不由自主地关闭，这是一种防御机制，可以抵御不必要和无用的信息。分析句子可知，此处为连词表示“一……就……”引导的时间状语从句，满足句意要求。故填As sn as。
23．考查动词时态和语态。句意：有人向我保证，我“几轮之后就会得到它”，但这从未发生过。分析句子可知，此处为谓语动词的填入，主语I和动词assure为被动关系，表示“我被使确信”，结合上下文时态可知，此处应为陈述过去发生的事情，所以为一般过去时的被动语态结构。故填was assured。
24．考查动词不定式的被动语态结构。句意：我太糟糕了，因为我的不可预测的表演和不断需要被提醒发生了什么，我破坏了其他人的体验。分析句子可知，此处为动词不定式作后置定语修饰名词短语unpredictable plays and cnstant need，表示“将要做的事情”，unpredictable plays and cnstant need和动词remind为被动关系，所以为动词不定式的被动语态结构。故填t be reminded。
25．考查让步状语从句。句意：尽管这些人友善地成为了我的朋友，但我再也没有被邀请参加另一个游戏之夜。分析句子可知，此处为连词Althugh表示“尽管”引导的让步状语从句，满足句意要求。故填Althugh。
26．考查独立主格结构。句意：我们只知道你不是一个真正的游戏爱好者，其中一人后来告诉我，眼睛移向一边。分析句子可知，此处为独立主格结构，此处动词应为非谓语形式，eyes和slide为主动关系，所以为现在分词形式。故填sliding。
27．考查定语从句。句意：每个城镇都有喜欢通过游戏进行社交的人，这让我觉得无法接受他们的抵制。分析句子可知，此处为关系代词which引导的非限制性定语从句，先行词为前面整句话在从句中作主语成分。故填which。
28．考查代词。句意：我想，也许我忽略了游戏的社交价值。根据句意以及空后abut介词可知，此处为代词smething表示“一些事情”，构成smething abut“一些关于”，满足句意要求。故填smething。
29．考查同位语从句。句意：然而，我仍然觉得它们是一种消磨时间的愚蠢方式。分析句子可知，此处为that引导的同位语从句，对先行词sense的解释和说明。故填that。
30．考查主语从句。句意：我们所看到的游戏只是不同的。分析句子可知，we see as play是主语从句，该主语从句缺少宾语，所以应该用连接代词what引导的主语从句，what在从句中作宾语成分，意为“……的事物”。故填what。
Sectin B
Directins: Fill in each blank with a prper wrd chsen frm the bx. Each wrd can be used nly nce. Nte that there is ne wrd mre than yu need.
Jack Lndn: A Fascinating Character
When ne mentins Jack Lndn, the mst cmmn cntemprary references that pp t mind are The Call f the Wild and White Fang. Hwever, upn a clser lk at the authr, the true depth f hw varied and interesting his life and wrks were can really be 31 .
Lndn is cnsidered America’s best authr by many. Mst successful and at ease writing shrt stries, he was als the first authr t becme genuinely wealthy during his lifetime frm selling his wrk. Hwever, this did nt happen vernight: in fact, Lndn received 600 32 befre his first stry was published fr a spread ut payment f $5.
During his 40 years, Lndn seemed t have lived 1000 33 . By the age f 18, he had already wrked as a cal miner, wrked n sealing ships and can factries, and been in a(n) 34 f beggars. At 17, he went t jail in Buffal, NY fr 30 days due t the latter, an experience which prved t be ne that even the prductive writer himself called 35 .
When he did return t his frmal educatin, he cmpleted high schl and then attended UC Berkley, which had been a majr dream fr him. Hwever, he stpped after just ne semester as he ran ut f mney and carried n t 36 the Klndike Gld Rush with his brther-in-law. That wuld later be the 37 fr sme f his mst famus wrks. It was als in the Yukn that Lndn became very ill and began writing. When he returned hme, he 38 t becme a cmmercially successful writer and began t write 1000 wrds daily. He wrte f adventure, plitics, humanity, survival, ften 39 frm a large number f him persnal experiences.
Lndn died at the age f 40, frm a drug verdse. It is nt knwn whether it was 40 r nt, as he made many references t suicide thrughut his wrks.
【答案】
31．E 32．B 33．F 34．K 35．C 36．G 37．J 38．I 39．D 40．H
【导语】本文是说明文。文章主要介绍美国作家杰克·伦敦（Jack Lndn）。
31．考查动词。句意：然而，仔细观察作者，他的生活和作品是多么的丰富多彩和有趣，这一点确实是可以看出来的。根据“upn a clser lk at the authr, the true depth f hw varied and interesting his life and wrks were can really be”可知，这里需要动词nte，意为“注意到”，此处用过去分词与前面的can be构成被动语态。故选E。
32．考查名词。句意：然而，这并不是一夜之间发生的：事实上，在他的第一篇报道以5美元的分期付款发表之前，伦敦收到了600份拒绝信。根据“this did nt happen vernight”可知，这里需要复数名词rejectins，意为“拒绝信”，作宾语。故选B。
33．考查名词。句意：在他的40年里，伦敦似乎经历了1000个人的生活。根据“have lived 1000 ”可知，这里需要名词lives，意为“生活”，作宾语。故选F。
34．考查名词。句意：18岁时，他已经当过煤矿工人，在密封船和罐头厂工作，还加入了一帮乞丐。根据“f beggars”可知，这里需要名词band，意为“帮派”，作宾语。故选K。
35．考查形容词。句意：17岁时，他因后者在纽约州布法罗市入狱30天，事实证明，即使是多产的作家自己也称这种经历难以形容。根据“At 17, he went t jail in Buffal, NY fr 30 days due t the latter,”可知，这里需要形容词indescribable，意为“难以置信的”，作补语。故选C。
36．考查动词。句意：然而，仅仅一个学期后，由于钱花光了，他就停了下来，继续和姐夫一起参加克朗代克淘金热。根据“the Klndike Gld Rush ”可知，这里需要动词hit，意为“加入……的行列、在……中碰运气”，结合carry n t d继续做另一件事情，此处用动词原形。故选G。
37．考查名词。句意：这将是后来他的一些最著名的作品的背景。根据“fr sme f his mst famus wrks”可知，这里需要名词setting，意为“背景”，作表语。故选J。
38．考查动词。句意：回国后，他决心成为一名在商业上成功的作家，并开始每天写1000字。根据“t becme a cmmercially successful writer and began t write 1000 wrds daily. ”可知，这里需要动词，意为“下定决心”，作谓语，且为一般过去时，故选I。
39．考查动词。句意：他写冒险、政治、人性、生存，经常从他的大量个人经历中汲取灵感。根据“frm a large number f him persnal experiences.”可知，这里需要动词draw，意为“吸收”，与逻辑主语He 是主动关系，用现在分词作状语。故选D。
40．考查形容词。句意：目前还不知道这是否是故意的，因为他在整个作品中都提到了自杀。根据“as he made many references t suicide thrughut his wrks.”可知，这里需要形容词intentinal，意为“故意的”，作表语。故选H。
II. Reading Cmprehensin
Sectin A
Directins: Fr each blank in the fllwing passage there are fur wrds r phrases marked A. B.C and D. Fill in each blank with the wrd r phrase that best fits the cntext
Is a Science-Based Educatin the Way t G?
In this present age when we are heavily dependent n science and technlgy, a science-based educatin system naturally becmes prevalent t equip the yung with knwledge f the 41 f ur wrld arund them. The varius disciplines f science, such as bilgy and astrnmy, certainly help us t grasp nt nly the 42 f Earth, but als the significance f human beings in the universe. Mrever, as peple naturally have an inbrn desire t cntrl the envirnment, a science-based educatin seems t be well 43 t humanity’s inquisitive nature. 44 , it remains questinable whether a science-based educatin is able t paint a cmplete picture f the wrld.
Certainly, it equips us with the knwledge f 45 which is necessary fr us t make sense f the wrld. By laying the fundatin f the skills in students, they will be equipped with the necessary skills t discver the wrld as 46 by science tday. A classic example is Gregr Mendel’s famus pea plant experiment. Withut this, we wuld nt have understd the 47 f ur genes, nr the reasns why ffspring may lk strikingly similar t their parents.
Additinally, the scientific methd highlights the imprtance f 48 , which is instrumental in the acquisitin f knwledge. In a typical science-based educatinal system, students are taught t bjectively analyze empirical data and derive scientific principles. Besides, a science-based educatin empwers us t 49 precnceived(预想的) cncepts instead f merely accepting “facts” at face value.
Despite its 50 , a science-based educatin des nt always enlighten us abut certain aspects f the wrld that can’t be ratinalized thrugh the scientific methd. Thugh it explains hw the wrld wrks, it is lacking as it des nt 51 much abut why things happen. Fr example, science can prvide a neurlgical explanatin n hw we perceive breathtaking scenery, but it can’t explain what cnstitutes beauty r why we are s innately drawn t it. Thus, t 52 , the Arts ffer us insightful perspectives n the rle f science and the wrld at large.
Mrever, science may have great emphasis n prgress that may cme at a great 53 t the wrld. A science-based educatin that fcuses slely n the latest scientific breakthrughs may well 54 the study f ethical cntrversies and significant histrical events. Fr instance, it remains t be seen whether clning is mrally acceptable.
In cnclusin, a science-based educatin cupled with adequate expsure t ethics, values and the humanities wuld 55 students with a deeper insight int the cmplex nature f the wrld.
41．A．mechanicsB．inventinsC．truthsD．bjectives
42．A．significanceB．evlutinC．cmpsitinD．prspect
43．A．subjectedB．reducedC．entitledD．tailred
44．A．NeverthelessB．MreverC．InsteadD．Therefre
45．A．dubtB．suspicinC．inquiryD．cnsultatin
46．A．framedB．explainedC．assessedD．justified
47．A．dependenceB．burstC．cnsciusnessD．functin
48．A．bjectivityB．illustratinC．curisityD．inquiry
49．A．denyB．challengeC．dismissD．highlight
50．A．marginsB．expensesC．initiativesD．virtues
51．A．wrryB．careC．revealD．enclse
52．A．draw a parallelB．make ends meetC．strike a balanceD．make a cmparisn
53．A．cstB．advantageC．discuntD．angle
54．A．underlineB．priritizeC．furtherD．neglect
55．A．assistB．furnishC．ccupyD．engage
【答案】
41．A 42．B 43．D 44．A 45．C 46．B 47．D 48．A 49．B 50．D 51．C 52．C 53．A 54．D 55．B
【导语】这是一篇议论文。文章主要说明了以科学为基础的教育是否正确的问题，解释了以科学为基础的教育的优缺点。
41．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在我们严重依赖科学技术的当今时代，以科学为基础的教育体系自然变得普遍，以使年轻人掌握周围世界的机制知识。A. mechanics机械学；B. inventins发明；C. truths真理；D. bjectives目标。根据后文“The varius disciplines f science, such as bilgy and astrnmy”可知，此处指以科学为基础的教育体系自然变得普遍，以使年轻人掌握周围世界的机制知识。故选A。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：科学的各个学科，如生物学和天文学，当然不仅帮助我们掌握地球的进化，而且还帮助我们掌握人类在宇宙中的意义。A. significance重要性；B. evlutin进化；C. cmpsitin作品；D. prspect预期。根据上文“The varius disciplines f science, such as bilgy and astrnmy, certainly help us t grasp nt nly the”指这些学科帮助学生掌握地球的进化。故选B。
43．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，由于人类天生就有控制环境的欲望，以科学为基础的教育似乎很适合人类好奇的天性。A. subjected使遭受；B. reduced减少；C. entitled使享受权利；D. tailred定制，迎合。根据上文“peple naturally have an inbrn desire t cntrl the envirnment”可知，人类天生就有控制环境的欲望，以科学为基础的教育似乎很适合人类好奇的天性，tailr此处表示“迎合”符合语境。故选D。
44．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，以科学为基础的教育是否能够描绘出世界的完整图景仍然值得怀疑。A. Nevertheless然而；B. Mrever此外；C. Instead反而；D. Therefre因此。结合前后文语境可知为转折关系，故选A。
45．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，它使我们具备探究的知识，这是我们理解世界所必需的。A. dubt怀疑；B. suspicin猜想；C. inquiry探究，询问；D. cnsultatin商讨。后文“A classic example is Gregr Mendel’s famus pea plant experiment.”提出了孟德尔著名的豌豆植物实验，说明以科学为基础的教育让学生学会探究，从而理解世界。故选C。
46．考查动词词义辨析。句意：通过为学生奠定技能基础，他们将具备发现当今科学所解释的世界的必要技能。A. framed制订；B. explained解释；C. assessed评估；D. justified证明。根据上文“discver the wrld as”此处指当今科学所解释的世界，故选B。
47．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果没有这一点，我们就无法理解基因的功能，也无法理解后代与父母惊人相似的原因。A. dependence依赖；B. burst爆发；C. cnsciusness知觉；D. functin功能。根据后文“f ur genes, nr the reasns why ffspring may lk strikingly similar t their parents”可知，通过为学生奠定技能基础，他们将具备发现当今科学所解释的世界的必要技能，如果没有这一点，我们就无法理解基因的功能，也无法理解后代与父母惊人相似的原因。故选D。
48．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，科学方法强调客观性的重要性，这是获取知识的工具。A. bjectivity客观性；B. illustratin插图；C. curisity好奇心；D. inquiry询问。根据后文“In a typical science-based educatinal system, students are taught t bjectively analyze empirical data and derive scientific principles.(在典型的以科学为基础的教育体系中，学生被教导客观地分析经验数据并得出科学原理)”可知，科学方法强调了客观性。故选A。
49．考查动词词义辨析。句意：此外，以科学为基础的教育使我们能够挑战先入为主的观念，而不是仅仅接受表面上的“事实”。A. deny否认；B. challenge挑战；C. dismiss解散；D. highlight突出。根据后文“instead f merely accepting “facts” at face value.”指以科学为基础的教育使我们能够挑战先入为主的观念，而不是仅仅接受表面上的“事实”。故选B。
50．考查名词词义辨析。句意：尽管有其优点，但以科学为基础的教育并不总能让我们了解无法通过科学方法合理化的世界的某些方面。A. margins利润；B. expenses花费；C. initiatives积极性；D. virtues优点。上文主要说明了以科学为基础的教育帮助学生理解世界，发展自身能力，即优点。故选D。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然它解释了世界是如何运作的，但它并没有揭示很多事情发生的原因，因此存在不足。A. wrry担心；B. care关心；C. reveal揭露；D. enclse包围。根据后文“much abut why things happen”指这种教育没有揭示很多事情发生的原因，存在不足。故选C。
52．考查动词短语辨析。句意：因此，为了达到平衡，艺术为我们提供了关于科学和整个世界的角色的深刻见解。A. draw a parallel作比较；B. make ends meet收支平衡；C. strike a balance达到平衡；D. make a cmparisn进行比较。根据后文“the Arts ffer us insightful perspectives n the rle f science and the wrld at large”可知，艺术是为了平衡科学的不足，为我们提供了关于科学和整个世界的角色的深刻见解。故选C。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：此外，科学可能非常强调进步，这可能会让世界付出巨大的代价。A. cst花费；B. advantage优势；C. discunt打折；D. angle角度。根据后文提到以科学为基础的教育，只关注最新的科学突破，很可能会忽视对伦理争议和重大历史事件的研究，说明科学可能非常强调进步，这可能会让世界付出巨大的代价。故选A。
54．考查动词词义辨析。句意：以科学为基础的教育，只关注最新的科学突破，很可能会忽视对伦理争议和重大历史事件的研究。A. underline强调；B. priritize优先考虑；C. further促进；D. neglect忽视。根据上文“A science-based educatin that fcuses slely n the latest scientific breakthrughs”可知，只关注最新的科学突破，很可能会忽视对伦理争议和重大历史事件的研究。故选D。
55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：总之，以科学为基础的教育，加上充分接触伦理、价值观和人文学科，将使学生对世界的复杂本质有更深入的了解。A. assist帮助；B. furnish提供，配备家具；C. ccupy占据；D. engage参与。根据后文“students with a deeper insight int the cmplex nature f the wrld”此处指以科学为基础的教育，加上充分接触伦理、价值观和人文学科，将使学生对世界的复杂本质有更深入的了解。furnish with表示“为……提供”。故选B。
Sectin B
Directins: Read the fllwing three passages. Each passage is fllwed by several questins r unfinished statements. Fr each f them there are fur chices marked A, B, C and D. Chse the ne that fits best accrding t the infrmatin given in the passage yu have just read.
(A)
What was the best gift I ever received? Well, I’m a music lver, s I’d have t say it was either a Sptify subscriptin r my tp-f-the-range Sny MDR-7506 headphnes. Tgether they’ve prvided me with cuntless hurs f high-quality audi accmpaniment. Grwing up in a lving, well-ff family in ne f the richest cuntries in the wrld, what mre culd I want?
Giving gifts t lved nes is great: it’s a rewarding way t spread jy and strengthen friendships and family ties. But at this time f year I’m always reminded f hw many peple nt nly get n presents but als lack the basics t allw them t live healthy lives. Fr me, luxury headphnes were the perfect gift; fr the wrld’s prest, it wuld be nutritius fd, clean water and health care.
The prest 10% f the wrld’s ppulatin, sme 700 millin peple, live n less than $1.90 per day. And that’s adjusting fr lcal purchasing pwer: they live n what $1.90 wuld buy in the
U.S. Faced with this kind f budget, and ften gegraphically islated, they are frced t eat whatever they can find and drink and wash in unsafe water. They can nly pray that they dn’t succumb t malnutritin, malaria r any number f ther diseases that, while perfectly curable in rich cuntries, frequently ruin r end lives in the develping wrld.
I dn’t seek t make anyne feel guilty fr exchanging luxury gds with the peple they lve. But it seems t me that there’s anther type f giving that is, if anything, even mre prfund: giving the basics f life t thse mst in need. Sure, yu might nt get a thank-yu letter(wh des these days?), but yu’ll have dne smething extrardinary.
Hwever, I’m nt just interested in peple giving mre t charity(althugh that is imprtant). I’m als passinate abut peple giving smarter, because where yu give can make a huge difference n the impact yu’ll have.
What d I mean by that? Well, t start with, there’s a reasn I’ve been talking abut the develping wrld. Even average earners in the West are incredibly rich cmpared with the glbal pr, s a sum f mney cnsidered mderate fr sme culd make a huge difference in the prest cuntries.
That’s nt t say that all develping wrld pverty-relief charities ate gd at making a difference—that’s certainly nt the case. Plenty f mney dnated in gd faith is lst t lcal crruptin, pr administratin r prgrams f interventin that sund great in thery but dn’t achieve much in practice. As a result, it’s crucial t lk at the effectiveness f the wrk a charity des befre cmmitting yur mney. Hw much gd des it achieve fr each dllar dnated? Is there rbust evidence fr the impact f its prgrams?
It’s nt always easy fr peple t find the answers, but they are vital questins t ask. That’s why there are nw rganizatins devted t finding and prmting the best charities. As part f the effective-altruism(利他主义) mvements, they are dedicated t helping peple make the biggest pssible difference with their dnatins.
I lve my music, and I lve my headphnes. But this year, the best gift I culd get is t see as many peple as pssible giving generusly t the mst effective charities in the wrld.
56．What des the phrase “succumb t”(paragraph 3, line 5)mean?
A．be unaffected byB．cease ppsitin t
C．be uncnnected withD．help t cause
57．Which f the fllwing statements is TRUE accrding t the passage?
A．The authr thinks that peple giving luxury gifts t the nes they lve shuld feel guilty.
B．The authr believes that there is nthing mre he wants because he grws up in very rich family.
C．The authr argues that cmpared with thse pr, an rdinary wrker in the West desn’t earn much.
D．The authr says that sme diseases which might be deadly in pr cuntries can be cured in develped cuntries.
58．Which f the fllwing statements can yu pssibly infer frm the passage?
A．Peple used t receive a letter f cmpliment frm the receiver after they dnated mney t charities.
B．Giving smarter means that thse wh dnate shuld knw clearly hw the charity wrks with the gvernment.
C．Sme charity prgrams fail t achieve much and seem t be less effective because they are nt very practical.
D．The rganizatins devted t finding the best charities aim t appeal t peple t dnate mre mney.
59．Which f the fllwing is the best title f the passage?
A．Giving the basics f life t thse in need
B．Giving best gifts t yur belved nes
C．Making the best gift cunt
D．The effective-altruism mvement
【答案】56．D 57．D 58．C 59．C
【分析】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文，作者从收到的最好的礼物入手，呼吁更多的人捐款给世界上最有效的慈善机构以帮助那些处于贫困之中的人。
56．词义猜测题。根据画线词前的“they are frced t eat whatever they can find and drink and wash in unsafe water.”可知，他们被迫吃他们能找到的任何东西，喝不安全的水，用不安全的水洗澡。他们只能祈祷自己不会患上营养不良、疟疾或其他疾病，由此可知画线词词义为“帮助引发”，故D项正确。
57．细节理解题。根据第三段中的“…while perfectly curable in rich cuntries, frequently ruin r end lives in the develping wrld.”可知，这些疾病在富裕国家是完全可以治愈的，但往往会毁掉或结束发展中国家的人的生活，由此可知，一些在贫穷的国家可能致命的疾病在发达国家是可以治愈的，故D项正确。
58．推理判断题。根据倒数第三段中的“prgrams f interventin that sund great in thery but dn’t achieve much in practice.”可知，一些干预计划（慈善项目）虽然在理论上听起来不错，但在实践中收效甚微，也就是说一些慈善项目由于不太实际，所以收效甚微，故C项正确。
59．主旨大意题。通读全文，特别是根据最后一段中的“But this year, the best gift I culd get is t see as many peple as pssible giving generusly t the mst effective charities in the wrld.”可知，作者从收到的最好的礼物入手，呼吁更多的人捐款给世界上最有效的慈善机构以帮助那些处于贫困之中的人，故C项（让最好的礼物有意义）最适合做文章标题。
【点睛】文章标题形式的主旨大意题难度较大，被选选项要具有高度的概括性，因此抓住文章主题是关键，夹叙夹议文的主题一般体现在最后的感悟部分，通常由but, yet, hwever等表示转折关系的词语引出，例如本篇第4题，根据最后一段中的“But this year, the best gift I culd get is t see as many peple as pssible giving generusly t the mst effective charities in the wrld.”可知，作者从收到的最好的礼物入手，呼吁更多的人捐款给世界上最有效的慈善机构以帮助那些处于贫困之中的人，因此标题一定要体现出“最好的礼物”和“用到实处（帮助别人）”两方面，故C项（让最好的礼物有意义）最适合做文章标题。
(B)
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60．Which f the fllwing is nt the feature f the Lively Flip?
A．It abandns the unnecessary functins.
B．It ensures every call is in high quality.
C．It desn’t require a phne number-change.
D．It enables the user t call the dctr fr help at any mment.
61．Fr whm is the Lively Flip the mst suitable?
A．Businessmen traveling regularly
B．Teenagers attending schl
C．The aged unfamiliar with digital technlgies
D．Tech enthusiasts enjying cllecting the latest cellphne mdels
62．Which f the fllwing can be learned frm the leaflet?
A．The high-quality camera ensures great phts in any lighting cnditins.
B．The urgent respnse buttn design is unique t the Lively Flip.
C．Fixed mnthly fees are invlved in the use f the Lively Flip.
D．The urgent respnse service is activated when the device is cnnected t the netwrk.
【答案】60．D 61．C 62．B
【导语】本文是一篇应用文。文章介绍Lively Flip这款手机的特点，服务和费用等。
60．细节理解题。根据EASY TO USE中的“Tday, cell phnes are hard t hear, difficult t dial and verladed with features yu may never use. That’s nt the case with the Lively Flip. A large screen and big buttns make it easy t call family and friends, and the pwerful speaker ensures every cnversatin is lud and clear. (如今，手机听起来很难听，很难拨号，而且功能繁多，你可能永远都用不到。但Lively Flip的情况并非如此。大屏幕和大按钮让打电话给家人和朋友很容易，强大的扬声器确保每一次对话都是响亮和清晰的)”可知A项(它摒弃了不必要的功能)、B项(它保证了每次通话的高质量)是Lively Flip的特点，再根据文章中的“The Lively Flip is ne f the mst affrdable cell phnes n the market and cmes with reliable natinwide cverage. Yu can even keep yur current landline r cell phne number. (Lively Flip是市场上最实惠的手机之一，具有可靠的全国覆盖。你甚至可以保留你现在的座机或手机号码)”可知C选项(它不需要更改电话号码)也是Lively Flip的特点，D选项“它使用户可以随时呼叫医生寻求帮助”文章没有提到，故选D。
61．推理判断题。根据EASY TO USE中的“Tday, cell phnes are hard t hear, difficult t dial and verladed with features yu may never use. That’s nt the case with the Lively Flip. A large screen and big buttns make it easy t call family and friends, and the pwerful speaker ensures every cnversatin is lud and clear. (如今，手机听起来很难听，很难拨号，而且功能繁多，你可能永远都用不到。但Lively Flip的情况并非如此。大屏幕和大按钮让打电话给家人和朋友很容易，强大的扬声器确保每一次对话都是响亮和清晰的)”可知Lively Flip手机打电话操作方便，声音质量好，所以推断它特别适合不熟悉数字技术的老年人，故选C。
62．细节理解题。根据EASY TO BE PREPARED部分“Life has a way f being unpredictable, but yu can be prepared in an uncertain r unsafe situatin with Urgent Respnse Service. Simply press the Urgent Respnse buttn t speak with a highly trained Agent wh can cnfirm yur lcatin, evaluate yur situatin and get yu the help yu need, 24/7.(做好准备生活有一种不可预测的方式，但您可以通过紧急响应服务在不确定或不安全的情况下做好准备。只需按下紧急响应按钮，即可与训练有素的代理人交谈，该代理人可以确认您的位置，评估您的情况，并为您提供所需的帮助，全天候)”可知，紧急响应按钮的设计是Lively Flip独有的。故选B。
(C)
As Frans de Waal, a primatlgist (灵长动物学家), recgnizes, a better way t think abut ther creatures wuld be t ask urselves hw different species have develped different kinds f minds t slve different adaptive prblems. Surely the imprtant questin is nt whether animals can d the same things humans can, but hw thse animals slve the cgnitive (认知的) prblems they face, like hw t imitate the sea flr. Children and sme animals are s interesting nt because they are smart like us, but because they are smart in ways we haven’t even cnsidered.
Smetimes studying children’s ways f knwing can cast light n adult-human cgnitin. Children’s pretend play may help us understand ur adult taste fr fictin. De Waal’s research prvides anther interesting example. We human beings tend t think that ur scial relatinships are rted in ur perceptins, beliefs, and desires, and ur understanding f the perceptins, beliefs, and desires f thers — what psychlgists call ur “thery f mind.” In the 80s and 90s, develpmental psychlgists shwed that pre-schlers and even infants understand minds apart frm their wn. But it was hard t shw that ther animals did the same. “Thery f mind” became a candidate fr the special, uniquely human trick.
Yet de Waal’s studies shw that chimps (黑猩猩) pssess a remarkably develped plitical intelligence — they are much interested in figuring ut scial relatinships. It turns ut, as de Waal describes, that chimps d infer smething abut what ther chimps see. But experimental studies als suggest that this happens nly in a cmpetitive plitical cntext. The evlutinary anthrplgist (人类学家) Brain Hare and his clleagues gave a junir chimp a chice between pieces f fd that a dminant chimp had seen hidden and ther pieces it had nt seen hidden. The junir chimp, wh watched all the hiding, stayed away frm the fd the dminant chimp had seen, but tk the fd it hadn’t seen.
Anyne wh has gne t an academic cnference will recgnize that we may be in the same situatin. We may say that we sign up because we’re eager t find ut what ther human beings think, but we’re just as interested in wh’s n tp. Many f the plitical judgments we make there dn’t have much t d with ur thery f mind. We may shw ur respect t a famus prfessr even if we have n respect fr his ideas.
Until recently, hwever, there wasn’t much research int hw humans develp and emply this kind f plitical knwledge. It may be that we understand the scial wrld in terms f dminance, like chimps, but we’re just nt usually as plitically mtivated as they are. Instead f asking whether we have a better everyday thery f mind, we might wnder whether they have a better everyday thery f plitics.
63．Accrding t the first paragraph, which f the fllwing shws that an animal is smart?
A．It can behave like a human kid.
B．It can imitate what human beings d.
C．It can find a slutin t its wn prblem.
D．It can figure ut thse adaptive prblems.
64．Which f the fllwing statements best illustrates ur “thery f mind”?
A．We talk with infants in a way that they can fully understand.
B．We make guesses at what thers think while interacting with them.
C．We hide ur emtins when we try establishing cntact with a stranger.
D．We try t understand hw kids’ pretend play affects ur taste fr fictin.
65．What can be inferred frm the passage?
A．Neither human nr animals display their preference fr dminance.
B．Animals living in a cmpetitive plitical cntext are smarter.
C．Bth humans and sme animals have plitical intelligence.
D．Humans are mre interested in wh’s n tp than animals.
66．By the underlined sentence in the last paragraph, the writer means that ________.
A．we knw little abut hw chimps are plitically mtivated
B．ur plitical knwledge desn’t always determine hw we behave
C．ur thery f mind might enable us t understand ur thery f plitics
D．mre research shuld be cnducted t understand animals’ scial wrld
【答案】63．C 64．B 65．C 66．B
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了我们人类的心智理论，同时说明了黑猩猩虽和人类一样有政治才能，但是不一样的是，人类的政治知识不总是决定我们的行为。
63．细节理解题。根据第一段“Surely the imprtant questin is nt whether animals can d the same things humans can, but hw thse animals slve the cgnitive (认知的) prblems they face, like hw t imitate the sea flr. (当然，重要的问题不在于动物是否能做与人类相同的事情，而在于这些动物如何解决它们面临的认知问题，比如如何模仿海底)”可知，根据第一段，C项“动物可以找到自己问题的解决方案”表明动物很聪明。故选C。
64．推理判断题。文章第二段讲到“We human beings tend t think that ur scial relatinships are rted in ur perceptins, beliefs, and desires, and ur understanding f the perceptins, beliefs, and desires f thers — what psychlgists call ur “thery f mind.”(我们人类倾向于认为，我们的社会关系植根于我们的感知、信念和欲望，以及我们对他人感知、信仰和欲望的理解——心理学家称之为我们的“心理理论”)”可知，“心理理论”即我们对我们的感知、信仰和欲望，以及我们对他人的感知、信仰和欲望的理解。由此推知，B项“我们在与他人互动时猜测他人的想法”最能说明我们的“心理理论”。故选B。
65．推理判断题。根据第三段中“Yet de Waal’s studies shw that chimps (黑猩猩) pssess a remarkably develped plitical intelligence — they are much interested in figuring ut scial relatinships.(然而，德瓦尔的研究表明，黑猩猩拥有非常发达的政治智力——它们对弄清社会关系非常感兴趣)”和最后一段中的“Until recently, hwever, there wasn’t much research int hw humans develp and emply this kind f plitical knwledge.(然而，直到最近，对于人类如何发展和运用这种政治知识，还没有太多的研究)”可推知，人类和一些动物都有政治智慧。故选C。
66．词句猜测题。根据划线句子下文“Instead f asking whether we have a better everyday thery f mind, we might wnder whether they have a better everyday thery f plitics.(与其问我们是否有更好的日常心智理论，不如问他们是否有更好的日常政治理论)”和第三段中的第一句话“Yet de Waal’s studies shw that chimps (黑猩猩) pssess a remarkably develped plitical intelligence — they are much interested in figuring ut scial relatinships.(然而，德瓦尔的研究表明，黑猩猩拥有非常发达的政治智力——它们对弄清社会关系非常感兴趣)”可知，黑猩猩的政治智力会决定它们的行为，但是人类不一样，结合划线句子“It may be that we understand the scial wrld in terms f dminance, like chimps, but we’re just nt usually as plitically mtivated as they are.(也许我们像黑猩猩一样，从支配地位的角度来理解社会世界，但我们通常不像它们那样有政治动机)”可知，人类不像黑猩猩一样有政治动机，黑猩猩的政治智力会决定它们的行为，但是人类不一样。由此可知，划线句子所表达的意思是“人类的政治知识不总是决定我们的表现”。故选B。
Sectin C
Directins: Cmplete the fllwing passage by using the sentences in the bx Each sentence can nly be used nce. Nte that there are tw sentences mre than yu need.
The majrity f the nearly 2 billin punds f pumpkins cultivated in the US each year are carved up instead f being eaten, making the pumpkins a unique part f the agriculture industry. Fr peple wh prefer seasnal recipes t decratins, that may raise a few questins: Are the pumpkins sld fr jack-'-lantens different frm punpkins sld as fd? 67
The pumpkins available at farms and utside supermarkets during Octber are what mst peple knw, but that's just ne type f pumpkin. Hwden pumpkins are the mst cmmn decrative pumpkin variety. They've been bred specifically fr carving int jack-'-lanterns, with a symmetrical (对称的) rund shape and tugh stem that acts as a handle.
68 They have walls that are thin enugh t pke a cheap knife thrugh and a texture that's unappealing cmpared t the pumpkins cnsumers are used t eating. “Uncut carving pumpkins are safe t eat; hwever, it's nt the best type t use fr cking,” Daria McKelvey, a supervisr fr the Kemper Center fr Hme Gardening at the Missuri Btanical Garden, tells Mental Flss.
T get the best-tasting pumpkins pssible this autumn, yu're better ff aviding the seasnal supermarket displays. Many pumpkins varieties are bred especially fr cking and eating. These include Sugar pie, Kabcha, and Cinderella pumpkins. Yu can shp fr thse varieties by name at lcal farms r in the prduce sectin f yur grcery stre. They shuld be easy t tell apart frm the carving pumpkins available fr Hallween: 69 This is part f the reasn why they taste better.
If yu d want t get sme cking use ut f yur carving pumpkins this Hallween, set aside the seeds when picking ut the guts. Rasted with flavrs and live il, seeds frm different pumpkin varieties becme a tasty and nutritius snack. 70 There are many ways t recycle yur jack-'-lanterns, but turning them int a pie isn't ne f them. “If ne des plan n cking with a carving pumpkin, it shuld be intact,” McKelvey says. “Never use ne that's been carved int a jack-'-lantern, therwise yu culd be dealing with bacteria, dirt and dust.”
【答案】67．F 68．C 69．E 70．A
【分析】本文是说明文。文章介绍了用于万圣节的雕刻南瓜，它和烹饪南瓜的区别以及如何将其用于烹饪。
67．根据上文“Fr peple wh prefer seasnal recipes t decratins, that may raise a few questins: Are the pumpkins sld fr jack-'-lantens different frm punpkins sld as fd?(对于那些喜欢季节性食谱而不是装饰的人来说，这可能会带来一些问题：做南瓜灯的南瓜和做食物的南瓜有区别吗? )”中a few questins可知，问题不止一个，所以设空处应该是一个问题，因此只能在B和F中选，再根据句中问问题的人“peple wh prefer seasnal recipes t decratins”可推知，这些喜欢季节性食谱的人关心的问题应该与吃有关，所以F 项“And are Hallween pumpkins any gd t eat?(万圣节南瓜好吃吗?)”是最佳选项。故选F项。
68．根据下文“They have walls that are thin enugh t pke a cheap knife thrugh and a texture that's unappealing cmpared t the pumpkins cnsumers are used t eating.(它们的壁薄到可以用一把便宜的小刀刺穿，而且与消费者习惯吃的南瓜相比，它的质地并不吸引人)”中指示代词they可知，设空处应出现代词指代对象，再结合句意可推知，they指代的对象可用于雕刻且味道不如消费者习惯吃的南瓜，C项“Because they're bred t be decratin first, carving pumpkins dn't taste very gd.(因为它们最初是被培育来做装饰的，雕刻南瓜的味道不是很好)”中说到的carving pumpkins正是其指代对象。故选C项。
69．根据上文“They shuld be easy t tell apart frm the carving pumpkins available fr Hallween:(它们应该很容易和万圣节用的雕刻南瓜区分开来)”中冒号可知，设空处是介绍区分烹饪南瓜和雕刻南瓜的方法，E项“Unlike decrative pumpkins, cking pumpkins are small and dense.(与装饰性南瓜不同，烹饪南瓜体积小，密度大)”介绍了两种南瓜的不同之处，且句中dense与下文“This is part f the reasn why they taste better.(这是它们味道更好的部分原因)”相照应。故选E项。
70．上文“Rasted with flavrs and live il, seeds frm different pumpkin varieties becme a tasty and nutritius snack.(用香料和橄榄油烘烤，不同品种的南瓜种子就变成为一种美味又营养的小吃)”说把雕刻南瓜种子做成可口的小吃，A项“Whatever yu d, make sure yur pumpkin isn't carved up already when yu decide t ck with it.(无论你做什么，确保你的南瓜在你决定烹饪的时候没有被切开)”讲雕刻南瓜的烹饪，上下文语意相关，且与下文“‘If ne des plan n cking with a carving pumpkin, it shuld be intact,’ McKelvey says. ‘Never use ne that's been carved int a jack-'-lantern, therwise yu culd be dealing with bacteria, dirt and dust. ’(麦凯维说:“如果有人打算用雕刻的南瓜来烹饪，那么南瓜应该是完好无损的。千万不要使用雕刻成南瓜灯的南瓜，否则你可能会接触到细菌、灰尘和灰尘。”) ”相照应。故选A项。
IV.Summary Writing
Directins: Read the fllwing passage. Summarize the main idea and the main pint( s)f the passage in n mre than 60 wrds. Use yur wn wrds as far as pssible.
Obstacles t the crrect decisin
Life is full f chices, sme incnsequential, sme really significant. But smetimes it can be hard t make the crrect ne. What are the bstacles that stand between us and a gd utcme?
Sme f us just find it hard t decide. Alice Byes, writing fr Harvard Business Review, tells us this can be cnnected t perfectinism, where peple attempt t find a perfect slutin t any prblem and are unable t mve frward when they can’t find ne. It might seem that being indecisive wuld stp us making the right decisin, but in fact it culd actually help us make the crrect nes.
Susan Krauss in Psychlgy Tday reminds us that peple ften make bad decisins because they base them n precnceptins rather than the cntext in which things happen. She highlights a paper by researcher Iris Schneider which finds that indecisive peple are mre likely t lk at different perspectives and use them t cme t a better decisin. S, it culd be that a mre significant barrier t making the best chice is ur cgnitive biases.
David Rbsn tells us that intelligence can smetimes stp peple making the right decisin. Peple smetimes use intelligence t invent justificatins fr irratinal beliefs. He believes that humility is key t making a gd decisin. Peple wh can accept that they might be wrng are mre likely t cnsider different viewpints. He is backed up n this by Jeff Bezs. Tech CEO Jasn Fried recalls the Amazn funder saying hw the peple wh were right a lt f the time were the peple wh ften changed their minds.
S, maybe rather than indecisin, it might be intelligence and decisiveness, backed up by ur biases that actually stp us making gd chices while humility and indecisiveness culd help us pick the best ptin.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】There are bstacles in decisin- making. Sme perfectinists are indecisive but in fact their indecisiveness can aid in sund decisin-making. Withut cgnitive biases, indecisive peple tend t cnsider different perspectives. Als, intelligent peple like ratinalizing unreasnable beliefs instead f admitting their errrs. Therefre, the real bstacle t better decisin-making is intelligence and decisiveness, rather than indecisin.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文。文章介绍说，决策过程中存在障碍。有些完美主义者优柔寡断，但事实上，他们的优柔寡断有助于做出正确的决策。没有认知偏差，优柔寡断的人倾向于考虑不同的观点。此外，聪明的人喜欢把不合理的信念合理化，而不是承认自己的错误。因此，做出更好决策的真正障碍是智慧和果断，而不是优柔寡断。
【详解】1 要点摘录
①Sme f us just find it hard t decide.
②It might seem that being indecisive wuld stp us making the right decisin, but in fact it culd actually help us make the crrect nes.
③She highlights a paper by researcher Iris Schneider which finds that indecisive peple are mre likely t lk at different perspectives and use them t cme t a better decisin. S, it culd be that a mre significant barrier t making the best chice is ur cgnitive biases.
④David Rbsn tells us that intelligence can smetimes stp peple making the right decisin.
⑤Peple smetimes use intelligence t invent justificatins fr irratinal beliefs.
⑥S, maybe rather than indecisin, it might be intelligence and decisiveness, backed up by ur biases that actually stp us making gd chices while humility and indecisiveness culd help us pick the best ptin.
2.缜密构思
将第1、2、3、6几个要点进行重组，将第4、5两个要点进行整合。
3.遣词造句
There are bstacles in decisin- making.
Sme perfectinists are indecisive but in fact their indecisiveness can aid in sund decisin-making. Withut cgnitive biases, indecisive peple tend t cnsider different perspectives.
Als, intelligent peple like ratinalizing unreasnable beliefs instead f admitting their errrs.
Therefre, the real bstacle t better decisin-making is intelligence and decisiveness, rather than indecisin.
【点睛】[高分句型1]：There are bstacles in decisin- making. (这句话运用了there be句型)
[高分句型2]：Als, intelligent peple like ratinalizing unreasnable beliefs instead f admitting their errrs. (这句话运用了动名词作宾语)
71.____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
V.Translatin (共15分。第1小题和第2小题,每题3分;第3题4分;第4题5分。)
Directins:Translate the fllwing sentences int English, using the wrds given in the brackets
72．这个包又脏又粘，他却没想过要洗洗。（ccur）
【答案】It hasn’t ccurred t him t wash the bag thugh it is sticky and dirty.
【详解】考查固定句型和状语从句。表示“某人没有想过做某事”应用It hasn’t ccurred t sb. t d sth.；表示“洗包”应用wash the bag，后跟thugh引导的让步状语从句，表示“又脏又粘”翻译为it is sticky and dirty，句子用一般现在时。故翻译为It hasn’t ccurred t him t wash the bag thugh it is sticky and dirty.
73．这个村庄位于山间，这使得普通的车辆很难到达那里。(inaccessible)
【答案】The village is lcated amng hills, which makes it inaccessible t rdinary cars.
【详解】考查时态，主谓一致和定语从句。分析句意可知，句子描述客观事实，时态用一般现在时，“这个村庄”是the village，“位于山间”是is lcated amng hills，“这使得普通的车辆很难到达那里”用which引导非限制性定语从句，指代前面整个主句，“使得普通的车辆很难到达那里”是make it inaccessible t rdinary cars，which指代整个主句的内容，make用第三人称单数，因此整句话翻译为“The village is lcated amng hills, which makes it inaccessible t rdinary cars”。故答案为The village is lcated amng hills, which makes it inaccessible t rdinary cars.
74．实验结果与我们所期望的大相径庭，但我们相信探索越多，就越可能成功。(likely)
【答案】The result f the experiment is ttally different frm/cntrary t what we expected, but we believe that the mre we explre, the mre likely we are t/will succeed.
【详解】考查固定短语、从句和时态。表示“实验结果”短语为the result f the experiment；表示“大相径庭”短语为be ttally different frm/cntrary t，后跟what引导的宾语从句，表示“我们所期望的”应用what we expect，为一般过去时；后跟but连接的并列句，主语为we，表示“相信”应用believe，后跟that引导的从句，表示“越……越……”应用the+比较级，the+比较级，表示“探索”应用explre，表示“可能成功”应用be likely t succeed，也可将likely看作副词，修饰谓语动词will succeed。故翻译为The result f the experiment is ttally different frm/cntrary t what we expected, but we believe that the mre we explre, the mre likely we are t/will succeed.
75．无论手头的事情多么重要或微不足道，我们都应该谨慎对待我们做的每一个决定，因为失之毫厘，差以千里。(difference)
【答案】N matter hw significant r insignificant the matter at hand is, we shuld be cautius abut every reslutin (that) we make, because ne false step will make a great difference./Hwever significant r insignificant the matter at hand is, we shuld be cautius abut every reslutin (that) we make, becasue ne false step will make a great difference.
【详解】考查时态、让步状语从句，形容词短语、介词短语、定语从句和原因状语从句。陈述客观现象，谓语动词用一般现在时。“无论……多么……或……”表达为N matter 或者，引导让步状语从句，hw或hwever后接形容词；“手头的事情”表达为 the matter at hand，介词短语at hand为后置定语，修饰让步状语从句的主语the matter；“重要”表达为形容词significant，“微不足道”表达为形容词insignificant，都作为让步状语从句的表语。“谨慎对待”表达为形容词短语be cautius abut，后接宾语“每一个决定”，可表达为名词every reslutin；“我们做的”表达为we make，修饰every reslutin，为限制性定语从句，先行词为物，且在从句中作宾语，关系代词that，也可省略，从句中用一般现在时，表经常性。“因为”表达为连接词because，引导原因状语从句；“失之毫厘，差以千里”，根据所给词difference，表达为ne false step will make a great difference”，叙述一般真理可用情态动词will，后接动词短语make adifference，作宾语。结合其他汉语提示，故翻译为：N matter hw significant r insignificant the matter at hand is, we shuld be cautius abut every reslutin (that) we make, becasue ne false step will make a great difference./Hwever significant r insignificant the matter at hand is, we shuld be cautius abut every reslutin (that) we make, becasue ne false step will make a great difference.
VI.Guided Writing (共25分)
Directins: Write an English cmpsitin in 120-150 wrds accrding t the instructins given belw in Chinese
假设你是明启中学高三学生李华，外国教授Jane Wilsn将于你校开展一个有关生涯规划的讲座，现向全校学生征集大家感兴趣的问题，并会在讲座中进行解答。给教授写一封邮件，内容须包括：
1）中国学生最感兴趣的两个有关生涯规划的问题；
2）你的理由。
_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
______________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Dear Jane Wilsn，
Hearing that yu will give us a lecture n career planning, I am writing t intrduce tw questins abut career planning that Chinese students are mst interested in.
Firstly, many students wnder if career gals shuld align with their values and interests. It is well knwn that a prmising career ften runs cunter t ne’s interests. If we pursue this career, we wn’t be happy. On the cntrary, If we nly cnsider ur hbbies, ur careers may nt be s wnderful. Besides, many students still want t knw hw t deal with parents’ different expectatins. We dn’t want t let ur parents dwn, but we als dn’t want t give up ur ideals. This is why many students feel struggled when it cmes t career planning.
Thank yu fr cnsidering my prpsal. I lk frward t hearing yur thughts n this matter.
Yurs,
Li Hua
【导语】本书面表达属于应用文写作。要求给外教写封邮件，介绍中国学生最感兴趣的两个有关生涯规划的问题并陈述原因。
【详解】1.词汇积累
发表演讲：give a lecture→deliver a lecture
与……一致：align with→accrd with
此外：besides → what’s mre
处理：deal with→handle
2.句式拓展
简单句变复合句
原句：Besides, many students still want t knw hw t deal with parents’ different expectatins.
拓展句：Besides, many students still want t knw hw t deal with parents’ expectatins, which are different frm their wn career planning.
【点睛】【高分句型1】Hearing that yu will give us a lecture n career planning, I am writing t intrduce tw questins abut career planning that Chinese students are mst interested in.（运用了that引导的宾语从句及that引导的定语从句）
【高分句型2】It is well knwn that a prmising career ften runs cunter t ne’s interests. （运用了it作形式主语，that引导的主语从句）
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A．Whatever yu d, make sure yur pumpkin isn't carved up already when yu decide t ck with it.
B．D Hallween pumpkins have the tendency t replace thse used fr eating in the lng run?
C．Because they're bred t be decratin first, carving pumpkins dn't taste very gd.
D．A pumpkin used fr cking and eating is grwn fr the flavr, featuring a texture ppular amng cnsumers.
E．Unlike decrative pumpkins, cking pumpkins are small and dense.
F．And are Hallween pumpkins any gd t eat?
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