还剩5页未读，
继续阅读
高中英语 语法专题复习 ：虚拟语气
展开
虚拟语气是高考英语必考的语法点，其遍布在听力、阅读、完形、语法填空、写作等各个题型中；语
法学习，最重要的就是化繁为简，化繁为简最重要的就是要有条理、要系统。一起来看看化繁为简的虚拟 语气吧！
虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜测建议或与事实不符的假设。虚拟语气可分为三种：
（1）一般虚拟 （2）混合虚拟 （3）特殊句式
1 一般虚拟的构成：(省略 if, 要将 should/were/had 提到句首)
(1). 对现在的虚拟：If +S.+ did/were sth., S.+ would/could/should +do
If I had time, I would attend the meeting.
If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad.
(2) 对过去的虚拟：If +S.+had + p.p, S.+ would/could/should have + p.p
If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam. (3) 对将来的虚拟：
If + S. + did/were/should do/were to do, S + would/should/could do sth. If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.
If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.
If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next day. 注意：Had we made good preparations, we might have succeeded.
Had it not rained, we would have gone out for a walk.
Were I you, I would not do such a thing.
2 混合虚拟
（1）不同时间的虚拟：If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.
If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now. xk-w
(2) 虚拟与陈述的混合：
He could have passed the exam, but he wasn’t careful enough. You should have come earlier, the bus left a moment ago.
3 特殊句式
(1).suggest, advise, recommend, propose, order, command, request, require, demand + that –clause
(should do/do )
He suggested that we (should) save money for the future.(insist 的判断)
(2) It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required that –clause(should do/do)(主语从句) (3) My advice/suggestion/request/requirement is that-clause (should do /do) （表语从句）
His suggestion/advice/request/requirement that –clause(should do/do ) is.. （同位语从句） (4) It is natural/necessary/strange that-clause (should do/do)表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应 如此等。
It’s strange that he should have missed the train. （表竟然） It is important that we should learn from others.（表理应如此） It is a pity that he should not go with us.(表惊讶、不满)
（5）wish + that clause (did/were 与现在相反)
wish + that clause (would/could/might + do 与将来相反)
wish + that clause ( had done 与过去相反) I wish I could go with them tomorrow.
I wish I had never met him.
(6) It is (high/about) time + clause (did, should do ) It is (high/about) time we went home.
(7) would rather + clause (did 与现在或将来相反)；（had done 与过去相反）
I would rather you came tomorrow. I would rather you hadn’t told her the news. (8) If only + clause ( did/were 与现在相反) ((would/could/might + do 与将来相反) ( had done 与过去相反) “要是。。。就好了“
If only he would come tomorrow! If only I had taken her advice! If only I were ten years younger!
(9) as if + clause (did/were 与现在相反) (would/could/might + do 与将来相反) ( had done 与过去相反)
She treats Kate as if she were her own daughter. They talked as if they had been friends for years. (10) would like/was/were to have done something
I would like to have attended the party, but one of my friends came to see me.
(11) without/but for + n.= if it were not for +n./if it hadn’t been for + n. (otherwise 后从 句同)
I would not have passed the exam without your help.(=if it hadn’t been for your help)
4 虚拟语气在各种从句中的用法
虚拟语气除主要用于非真实条件句外，还可用在部分主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语
从句和状语从句之中。 A．名词性从句中的虚拟语气 主句中的动词、名词、形容词如表示要求、建议、命令或愿望等含义，与其相关的名词性从句（主语从句、 宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。
1．主语从句中的虚拟语气
主语从句通常用于“It is + 形容词名词动词的-ed 形式 + that ...”结构。主语从句中是否用虚拟语气 取决于所用的形容词或动词的-ed 形式，其谓语动词常用 “should + 动词原形”（美国英语常省略 should， 只用动词原形）。
①表示建议或命令
It is important that we (should) work out a study plan. 重要的是我们要制订出一个学习计划。 It will be better that we (should) meet some other time. 最好我们在另一个时间见面。
It is suggested that each student (should) sing a song in English. 有人建议每个学生都要唱一首 英文歌曲。
It is demanded that he should leave at once. 要求他立刻离开。
②表示惊讶
It is strange that he should have failed to see his own shortcomings. 真奇怪他竟看不到自己的 缺点。
It is a pityshame that I should be at school instead of lying here in hospital. 真可惜，我应 当在学校而不是躺在医院里。
It is natural that you should forget it first. 你起先记不住是很自然的。xk.w
必背： 常见的要接含有虚拟语气主语从句的词
形容词：important, necessary, urgent, essential, vital, natural, strange, proper 等 动词的-ed 形式：arranged, suggested, ordered, required, desired, demanded, proposed 等
It is necessary that the program (should) be loaded into the computer. 有必要把程序输入电脑。 It is strange that he should have learned so much in such a short time. 很奇怪他竟然在如此短 的时间内学了那么多的东西。
It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight. 希望一切在今晚前准备就绪。
2．宾语从句 虚拟语气常用在表示要求、建议、命令或愿望的动词后的宾语从句中。 常见的宾语从句中需用“should+动词原形”的动词有： 一个坚持：insist
两个命令：order,command 三个建议：suggest,advise,propose 四个要求：demand,require,ask,desire
①在 suggest（建议）, order(命令), propose(建议), insist（坚持要做）, command (命令)，request
（要求），advise（建议）等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用 should + 动词原形（美国英语常省略 should）。 The examination instructor asked that the students (should) not use a calculator. 考官要求学 生不要使用计算器。
The workers demanded that their wages (should) be raised by 10 percent. 工人们要求增加百分之 十的工资。
They requested that he (should) sing a song. 他们要求他唱一首歌。 比较：
动词 suggest 和 insist 后面的宾语从句，应根据不同情况选用陈述语气或虚拟语气。
suggest 作“建议”解时，用虚拟语气，作“使想起、暗示”解时，用陈述语气。
His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.他的沉默暗示他赞同我的决定。（暗示） He suggested that I (should) stick to my decision.他建议我坚持自己的决定。（建议）
insist 作“坚决要求”解时，用虚拟语气，作“坚持认为”解时，用陈述语气。
He insists that doing morning exercises does good to people's health. 他坚持认为做早操对健康 有益。（强调）
He insists that he (should) do morning exercises every day.他坚持每天都要做早操。（要求）
②在动词 wish 后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，表示不可能实现的愿望。 一般过去时 weredid 表示目前不可能实现的愿望
I wish I were a bird. 但愿我是一只小鸟。
I wish I knew the answer.我要是知道答案就好了。 过去完成时 had done 表示过去不可能实现的愿望
I wish she had taken my advice.那时她要是接受我的建议就好了。 I wish that I had seen her yesterday.真希望我昨天见过她。 过去将来时 wouldcould do 表示将来没有把握或不可能实现的愿望
I wish you would stay an hour longer. 我希望你再呆一个小时。 I wish it could stop raining.但愿雨能停。
提示：
由于 wish 和 hope 的汉语意思差不多，在使用上往往容易出错。wish 一般表示“希望”、“但愿”，表示 不可能实现的愿望，后接从句时要用虚拟语气；hope 表示“希望”，指可以实现的希望，后接从句时用陈 述语气。
The students hope that their football team will win the game. 学生们希望他们的足球队获胜。 （可 能实现）
I wish I could see him now. 我希望现在就能看到他。（不可能实现）
3．表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气 在表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词要用“should + 动词原形” 结构。
My advice is that you (should) practise speaking English as often as possible.我的建议是你尽 可能经常地练习说英语。
The demand is that the composition (should) be written on one side only. 按照要求作文必须单面 誊写。
It is my desire that all the members of the family (should) gather once a year. 我的愿望是所 有家庭成员一年团圆一次。
The suggestion that education (should) be reformed is reasonable. 教育要改革的建议是合理的。 必背：
表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词常见的有
advice 建议 demand 要求 desire 愿望 decision 决定
idea 意见 motion 提议 order 命令 proposal 提议
requirement 要求 request 请求 regulation 规章 suggestion 建议
B．状语从句中的虚拟语气
①方式状语从句
由 as if 或 as though 引导的状语从句可以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实的情况，也可以用虚拟语气表示 与事实不符或与事实相反的情况。
a. 表示与现在事实不相符，用一般过去时
The teacher treats the pupil as if he were her own child. 这位老师对待这位学生就像自己的亲生 孩子一样。（这位学生并不是她的亲生孩子）
b. 表示与过去事实不相符，用过去完成时
I felt as though we had known each other for years. 我感觉我们好像认识多年了。（其实并没有认 识多年）
c. 表示与将来事实不相符，用 wouldmightcould xk/w
It looks as if it might rain. 天看上去好像要下雨。（不大可能下雨） 对比：
He looks as if he is young. 看样子他好像很年轻。（他就是年轻）
He looks as if he were young. 看样子他好像很年轻。（实际上他不年轻）
②目的状语从句
a. 由 in case, lest, for fear that 引导的目的状语从句，动词用“should + 动词原形”结构，表示忧 虑或目的。
Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I (should) forget. 请你明天再提醒我这件事，以免 我忘记。
She emphasized it again and again, lest he (should) forget. 她一再强调这一点免得他忘记。 We had a meeting and talked the matter over face to face for fear that there
should be any misunderstanding. 我们开了一个会，面对面谈了这件事，以免发生任何误会.
b. 在 in order that 和 so that 引导的目的状语从句中，往往用 can(could)或 may(might)。
I shall write down your telephone number so that I may not forget. 我要把你的电话号码记下来， 以免忘记。
They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time. 为了能 提前完成工作，他们比往常更加努力。
We will tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself. 我把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己 作出判断。
③让步状语从句 让步状语从句指事实时，从句谓语动词用陈述语气。若从句内容表示现在和将来的假设情况，从句谓语动 词用虚拟语气。
Though he (should) fail, there would still be hope. 即使他失败了，仍有一线希望。 I should say the same thing even if he were here. 即使他在这里，我还是要这么说。
Whether he (should) succeed or fail, we shall have to do our part. 不管他成功还是失败，我们还 是要做好自己的事。
However hard it might rain rains, we shall go there together. 不管雨下得多么大，今晚我们还是 要去那里。
No matter what his social position (might) be, a man is equal in the eye of the law. 一个人不 论其社会地位如何，在法律面前都是平等的。
C．定语从句中的虚拟语气
在 It is (high) time (that) ...结构中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式，表示“到某人该做某事的时间 了”。
It is time that the children went to bed. 到孩子们睡觉的时间了。 It is high time that we began the meeting. 正是我们开会的时间了。
【真题演练】
【2017·天津卷】 —Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I
able to reach her yesterday.
A. hadn’t been B. wouldn’t have been C. weren’t D. wouldn’t be
【答案】B
【解析】
【2016·浙江】Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths
since their highest in 2005.
A. had not fallen B. would not fall
C. did not fall D. would not have fallen
【答案】D
【解析】
【2015·重庆】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway his famous novel A Farewell to
Arms.
A. didn’t write B. hadn’t written
C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written
【答案】D
【解析】
虚拟语气是高考英语必考的语法点，其遍布在听力、阅读、完形、语法填空、写作等各个题型中；语
法学习，最重要的就是化繁为简，化繁为简最重要的就是要有条理、要系统。一起来看看化繁为简的虚拟 语气吧！
虚拟语气表示说话人的主观愿望、猜测建议或与事实不符的假设。虚拟语气可分为三种：
（1）一般虚拟 （2）混合虚拟 （3）特殊句式
1 一般虚拟的构成：(省略 if, 要将 should/were/had 提到句首)
(1). 对现在的虚拟：If +S.+ did/were sth., S.+ would/could/should +do
If I had time, I would attend the meeting.
If I were you, I would seize the chance to go abroad.
(2) 对过去的虚拟：If +S.+had + p.p, S.+ would/could/should have + p.p
If you had taken my advice, you would not have failed in the exam. (3) 对将来的虚拟：
If + S. + did/were/should do/were to do, S + would/should/could do sth. If you came tomorrow, we would have the meeting.
If it were to rain tomorrow, the sports meeting would be put off.
If he should not come tomorrow, we should put off the meeting till next day. 注意：Had we made good preparations, we might have succeeded.
Had it not rained, we would have gone out for a walk.
Were I you, I would not do such a thing.
2 混合虚拟
（1）不同时间的虚拟：If he had listened to me, he would not be in trouble now.
If he had told me yesterday, I should know what to do now. xk-w
(2) 虚拟与陈述的混合：
He could have passed the exam, but he wasn’t careful enough. You should have come earlier, the bus left a moment ago.
3 特殊句式
(1).suggest, advise, recommend, propose, order, command, request, require, demand + that –clause
(should do/do )
He suggested that we (should) save money for the future.(insist 的判断)
(2) It is suggested/advised/ordered/requested/required that –clause(should do/do)(主语从句) (3) My advice/suggestion/request/requirement is that-clause (should do /do) （表语从句）
His suggestion/advice/request/requirement that –clause(should do/do ) is.. （同位语从句） (4) It is natural/necessary/strange that-clause (should do/do)表惊奇、怀疑、惋惜、不满、理应 如此等。
It’s strange that he should have missed the train. （表竟然） It is important that we should learn from others.（表理应如此） It is a pity that he should not go with us.(表惊讶、不满)
（5）wish + that clause (did/were 与现在相反)
wish + that clause (would/could/might + do 与将来相反)
wish + that clause ( had done 与过去相反) I wish I could go with them tomorrow.
I wish I had never met him.
(6) It is (high/about) time + clause (did, should do ) It is (high/about) time we went home.
(7) would rather + clause (did 与现在或将来相反)；（had done 与过去相反）
I would rather you came tomorrow. I would rather you hadn’t told her the news. (8) If only + clause ( did/were 与现在相反) ((would/could/might + do 与将来相反) ( had done 与过去相反) “要是。。。就好了“
If only he would come tomorrow! If only I had taken her advice! If only I were ten years younger!
(9) as if + clause (did/were 与现在相反) (would/could/might + do 与将来相反) ( had done 与过去相反)
She treats Kate as if she were her own daughter. They talked as if they had been friends for years. (10) would like/was/were to have done something
I would like to have attended the party, but one of my friends came to see me.
(11) without/but for + n.= if it were not for +n./if it hadn’t been for + n. (otherwise 后从 句同)
I would not have passed the exam without your help.(=if it hadn’t been for your help)
4 虚拟语气在各种从句中的用法
虚拟语气除主要用于非真实条件句外，还可用在部分主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句、同位语从句、定语
从句和状语从句之中。 A．名词性从句中的虚拟语气 主句中的动词、名词、形容词如表示要求、建议、命令或愿望等含义，与其相关的名词性从句（主语从句、 宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句）中的谓语动词要用虚拟语气。
1．主语从句中的虚拟语气
主语从句通常用于“It is + 形容词名词动词的-ed 形式 + that ...”结构。主语从句中是否用虚拟语气 取决于所用的形容词或动词的-ed 形式，其谓语动词常用 “should + 动词原形”（美国英语常省略 should， 只用动词原形）。
①表示建议或命令
It is important that we (should) work out a study plan. 重要的是我们要制订出一个学习计划。 It will be better that we (should) meet some other time. 最好我们在另一个时间见面。
It is suggested that each student (should) sing a song in English. 有人建议每个学生都要唱一首 英文歌曲。
It is demanded that he should leave at once. 要求他立刻离开。
②表示惊讶
It is strange that he should have failed to see his own shortcomings. 真奇怪他竟看不到自己的 缺点。
It is a pityshame that I should be at school instead of lying here in hospital. 真可惜，我应 当在学校而不是躺在医院里。
It is natural that you should forget it first. 你起先记不住是很自然的。xk.w
必背： 常见的要接含有虚拟语气主语从句的词
形容词：important, necessary, urgent, essential, vital, natural, strange, proper 等 动词的-ed 形式：arranged, suggested, ordered, required, desired, demanded, proposed 等
It is necessary that the program (should) be loaded into the computer. 有必要把程序输入电脑。 It is strange that he should have learned so much in such a short time. 很奇怪他竟然在如此短 的时间内学了那么多的东西。
It is desired that we (should) get everything ready by tonight. 希望一切在今晚前准备就绪。
2．宾语从句 虚拟语气常用在表示要求、建议、命令或愿望的动词后的宾语从句中。 常见的宾语从句中需用“should+动词原形”的动词有： 一个坚持：insist
两个命令：order,command 三个建议：suggest,advise,propose 四个要求：demand,require,ask,desire
①在 suggest（建议）, order(命令), propose(建议), insist（坚持要做）, command (命令)，request
（要求），advise（建议）等动词后的宾语从句中，谓语动词用 should + 动词原形（美国英语常省略 should）。 The examination instructor asked that the students (should) not use a calculator. 考官要求学 生不要使用计算器。
The workers demanded that their wages (should) be raised by 10 percent. 工人们要求增加百分之 十的工资。
They requested that he (should) sing a song. 他们要求他唱一首歌。 比较：
动词 suggest 和 insist 后面的宾语从句，应根据不同情况选用陈述语气或虚拟语气。
suggest 作“建议”解时，用虚拟语气，作“使想起、暗示”解时，用陈述语气。
His silence suggested that he agreed with my decision.他的沉默暗示他赞同我的决定。（暗示） He suggested that I (should) stick to my decision.他建议我坚持自己的决定。（建议）
insist 作“坚决要求”解时，用虚拟语气，作“坚持认为”解时，用陈述语气。
He insists that doing morning exercises does good to people's health. 他坚持认为做早操对健康 有益。（强调）
He insists that he (should) do morning exercises every day.他坚持每天都要做早操。（要求）
②在动词 wish 后的宾语从句中用虚拟语气，表示不可能实现的愿望。 一般过去时 weredid 表示目前不可能实现的愿望
I wish I were a bird. 但愿我是一只小鸟。
I wish I knew the answer.我要是知道答案就好了。 过去完成时 had done 表示过去不可能实现的愿望
I wish she had taken my advice.那时她要是接受我的建议就好了。 I wish that I had seen her yesterday.真希望我昨天见过她。 过去将来时 wouldcould do 表示将来没有把握或不可能实现的愿望
I wish you would stay an hour longer. 我希望你再呆一个小时。 I wish it could stop raining.但愿雨能停。
提示：
由于 wish 和 hope 的汉语意思差不多，在使用上往往容易出错。wish 一般表示“希望”、“但愿”，表示 不可能实现的愿望，后接从句时要用虚拟语气；hope 表示“希望”，指可以实现的希望，后接从句时用陈 述语气。
The students hope that their football team will win the game. 学生们希望他们的足球队获胜。 （可 能实现）
I wish I could see him now. 我希望现在就能看到他。（不可能实现）
3．表语从句和同位语从句中的虚拟语气 在表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词后的表语从句和同位语从句中，谓语动词要用“should + 动词原形” 结构。
My advice is that you (should) practise speaking English as often as possible.我的建议是你尽 可能经常地练习说英语。
The demand is that the composition (should) be written on one side only. 按照要求作文必须单面 誊写。
It is my desire that all the members of the family (should) gather once a year. 我的愿望是所 有家庭成员一年团圆一次。
The suggestion that education (should) be reformed is reasonable. 教育要改革的建议是合理的。 必背：
表示建议、劝告、命令等含义的名词常见的有
advice 建议 demand 要求 desire 愿望 decision 决定
idea 意见 motion 提议 order 命令 proposal 提议
requirement 要求 request 请求 regulation 规章 suggestion 建议
B．状语从句中的虚拟语气
①方式状语从句
由 as if 或 as though 引导的状语从句可以用陈述语气表示可能符合事实的情况，也可以用虚拟语气表示 与事实不符或与事实相反的情况。
a. 表示与现在事实不相符，用一般过去时
The teacher treats the pupil as if he were her own child. 这位老师对待这位学生就像自己的亲生 孩子一样。（这位学生并不是她的亲生孩子）
b. 表示与过去事实不相符，用过去完成时
I felt as though we had known each other for years. 我感觉我们好像认识多年了。（其实并没有认 识多年）
c. 表示与将来事实不相符，用 wouldmightcould xk/w
It looks as if it might rain. 天看上去好像要下雨。（不大可能下雨） 对比：
He looks as if he is young. 看样子他好像很年轻。（他就是年轻）
He looks as if he were young. 看样子他好像很年轻。（实际上他不年轻）
②目的状语从句
a. 由 in case, lest, for fear that 引导的目的状语从句，动词用“should + 动词原形”结构，表示忧 虑或目的。
Please remind me of it again tomorrow in case I (should) forget. 请你明天再提醒我这件事，以免 我忘记。
She emphasized it again and again, lest he (should) forget. 她一再强调这一点免得他忘记。 We had a meeting and talked the matter over face to face for fear that there
should be any misunderstanding. 我们开了一个会，面对面谈了这件事，以免发生任何误会.
b. 在 in order that 和 so that 引导的目的状语从句中，往往用 can(could)或 may(might)。
I shall write down your telephone number so that I may not forget. 我要把你的电话号码记下来， 以免忘记。
They worked harder than usual in order that they could finish the work ahead of time. 为了能 提前完成工作，他们比往常更加努力。
We will tell you the truth so that you can judge for yourself. 我把真实情况告诉你，使你能自己 作出判断。
③让步状语从句 让步状语从句指事实时，从句谓语动词用陈述语气。若从句内容表示现在和将来的假设情况，从句谓语动 词用虚拟语气。
Though he (should) fail, there would still be hope. 即使他失败了，仍有一线希望。 I should say the same thing even if he were here. 即使他在这里，我还是要这么说。
Whether he (should) succeed or fail, we shall have to do our part. 不管他成功还是失败，我们还 是要做好自己的事。
However hard it might rain rains, we shall go there together. 不管雨下得多么大，今晚我们还是 要去那里。
No matter what his social position (might) be, a man is equal in the eye of the law. 一个人不 论其社会地位如何，在法律面前都是平等的。
C．定语从句中的虚拟语气
在 It is (high) time (that) ...结构中，定语从句的谓语动词用过去式，表示“到某人该做某事的时间 了”。
It is time that the children went to bed. 到孩子们睡觉的时间了。 It is high time that we began the meeting. 正是我们开会的时间了。
【真题演练】
【2017·天津卷】 —Do you have Betty’s phone number?
—Yes. Otherwise, I
able to reach her yesterday.
A. hadn’t been B. wouldn’t have been C. weren’t D. wouldn’t be
【答案】B
【解析】
【2016·浙江】Had the governments and scientists not worked together , AIDS-related deaths
since their highest in 2005.
A. had not fallen B. would not fall
C. did not fall D. would not have fallen
【答案】D
【解析】
【2015·重庆】7. Without his wartime experiences, Hemingway his famous novel A Farewell to
Arms.
A. didn’t write B. hadn’t written
C. wouldn’t write D. wouldn’t have written
【答案】D
【解析】
相关资料
更多
