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2019届上海市静安区高三二模考试英语试题（解析版）
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2019届上海市静安区高三二模考试
英语学科试卷
考生注意:
1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答題必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
I Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it. read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1.
A. Because the gas station is waiting for the fuel price adjustment.
B. Because there’s no gas left at the gas station right now.
C. Because the gas station is checking and repairing the equipment now.
D. Because the quality of the gas in the station is terrible.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
2.
A. 5 dollars B. 6 dollars C. 7 dollars D. 11 dollars
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
3.
A. The new movie didn’t perform well in sales.
B. The new movie was positively reviewed by critics.
C. The new movie was successful in sales and reputation.
D. The new movie wasn’t welcomed by the critics.
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
4.
A. They will be home on time.
B. Her mother is in an area with poor signal reception.
C. She can’t connect her mother through the mobile phone now.
D. She has to notify her mother that someone is dead.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
5.
A. The neighborhood suffers a power failure.
B. Their neighbor broke their light bulb.
C. There's something wrong with their light bulb.
D. It's black outside the window.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
6.
A. He lost the way to the ice cream counter.
B. He doesn't know which taste to choose.
C. He loses words to describe the taste of the ice cream.
D. He enjoys selling ice cream.
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
7.
A. She doesn’t get on well with John.
B. John lied about absence from school.
C. John was too ill to receive them at home.
D. She didn’t go to school herself.
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
8.
A. At an electronic appliance shop.
B. At a drugstore
C. At a laundry.
D. At a furniture shop.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
9.
A. Invite a friend to take the wedding photographing job.
B. Pay for photographing for her wedding.
C. Save the budget of wedding.
D. Avoid taking too many photos for her wedding.
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
10.
A. The candidate has devotion for the job.
B. The candidate is not good at giving speeches.
C. The candidate is out of touch with the woman.
D. The candidate is not qualified for the job.
【答案】D
【解析】
分析】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer you have heard.
Questions are based on the following passage.
11. A. 12%. B. 27%. C. 30%. D. 60%.
12.
A. Because their bodies are not strong enough for regular exercises.
B. Because their doctors prevent them from doing too many exercises.
C. Because they spend greater time doing activities requiring little energy.
D. Because they still keep working at older ages.
13.
A. Because it brings enjoyment to the old.
B. Because it makes life colorful.
C. Because it makes the old move more.
D. Because it saves money for the old.
【答案】11. A 12. C 13. C
【解析】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【11题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【12题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【13题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
Questions are based on the following passage.
14.
A. The high unemployment rate in the country.
B. The comfortable working environment.
C. The potential high income from the work.
D. The possibility to contact bosses and senior managers.
15.
A. Dealing with commitments.
B. Managing the Internet surfing.
C. Managing bosses' schedules.
D. Communicating with other employees.
16.
A. They give male applicants fair chances for the PA jobs.
B. They tend to provide male PAS with high salaries.
C. They give male Pas more work to manage.
D. They prefer to assign male PAS for male bosses.
【答案】14. C 15. B 16. A
【解析】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【14题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【15题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【16题详解】
此题听力题，解析略。
Questions are based on the following passage.
17.
A. Information about the features of the car.
B. Message about the prices of the car.
C. A larger discount than what dealers offer
D. Comments about the car from other customers.
18.
A. Good service from professional staff.
B. Trial driving by the buyer.
C. Additional insurance benefits from dealers.
D. Driving license from the government.
19.
A. It manufactures advanced electric cars.
B. It cooperates well with car dealers.
C. Its online website offers comprehensive car information.
D. It can deliver cars to customers after online purchase.
20.
A. It provides more car information than new cars.
B. It is sold cheaper with less sales cost.
C. Used cars are generally sold at less than 2000 dollars.
D. Used car market is bigger than new car market.
【答案】17. C 18. B 19. D 20. B
【解析】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【17题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【18题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【19题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
20题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A 10%
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
When Jennifer Lawrence tripped on her way to accept her best actress Oscar one year, her pink princess-like Dior dress ____21____(capture) in all its glory. The unscripted moment became hot topic throughout social media.
That bonus air-time for a single dress at one of the worlds global events is priceless for the likes of Dior, one of the ____22____(influential) fashion houses in the luxury marketplace.
Success on the red carpet can earn exposure and profits for luxury brands for years ____23____(come). The red carpet, which will be televised live before Academy Award ceremony, presents a great opportunity for a designer to reach an audience that expands ____24____the fashion setting. The Lawrence dress received about 40 million mentions on various social media.
One way of estimating the monetary benefits of having a standout dress on the red carpet is to compare how much a brand would otherwise spend on commercial advertising during the same time. ____25____Lawrence had only 75 seconds of solo camera time for her Oscar acceptance speech, Dior had to pay more than $4 million for a commercial spot of the same duration on similar occasions. And this didn't include the time ____26____(devote) to Lawrence and her dress on the pre-show televised red carpet. Lawrence, 23, had an advertising contract with Dior. ____27____the group’s deal with Lawrence affected its sales was clearly stated in its annual financial report. That year, the group clothing section’s profits ____28____(total) 165 million euros, up 26 percent from the previous year.
Heston, the founder of a publicity firm, ____29____success stories include introducing Jimmy Choo shoes and designer Saab to Hollywood, believes that the Oscar red carpet is today dominated by established luxury brands. Finding it much more difficult to compete with big brand names to dress super stars on big events, many young designers turn to _____30_____(bet) on promising rising stars, expecting an overnight success if the young stars rise to sudden fame.
【答案】21. was captured
22. most influential
23. to come
24. beyond 25. Although
26. devoted
27. How 28. totaled
29. whose 30. betting
【解析】
本文是一篇时尚类短文阅读。文章主要介绍一些奢侈品牌为了提高自己的知名度和影响力，与走红地毯的大牌明星合作，而一些年轻设计师则把堵住压在有前途的新星身上，希望这些新星声名鹊起之后自己也一夜成名。
【21题详解】
考查谓语动词。主语dress与capture之间为被动关系，故用被动语态，根据文章可知用过去时态。句意：她那件像公主一样的粉红色迪奥礼服尽显光彩。故填was captured。
【22题详解】
考查形容词最高级。one of 句型中的形容词用最高级形式。句意：在奢侈品市场上，最具影响力的时装公司之一。故填most influential。
【23题详解】
考查非谓语动词。不定式作定语，表示动作未发生。for years to come未来几年。句意：红毯上的成功可以为奢侈品牌赢得未来几年的曝光率和利润。故填to come。
【24题详解】
考查介词。介词beyond表示“超出……之外”。句意：奥斯卡颁奖典礼前的红毯将进行现场直播，这为设计师们提供了一个很好的机会，可以接触到时尚圈之外的观众。故填beyond。
【25题详解】
考查状语从句连词。句意：尽管劳伦斯只有75秒的个人镜头时间来发表奥斯卡获奖感言，迪奥却不得不花费400多万美元在类似的场合拍下同样时长的广告。从句有only，主句中had to表不得不，所以前后句之间为让步关系。故填Although。
【26题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这还不包括劳伦斯和她的礼服亮相电视红毯的时间。短语be devoted to作定语，被动结构，故用过去分词。故填devoted。
【27题详解】
考查主语从句连词。句意：该集团与劳伦斯的交易如何影响其销售额，在其年度财务报告中有明确说明。此处指这次交易如何影响销售，故用连词how。
【28题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：那一年，集团服装部门的利润总计1.65亿欧元，比前一年增长26%。根据全文可知，动词total用过去时态，主动语态，表示“利润总计为”。故填totaled。
【29题详解】
考查定语从句关系代词。句意：赫斯顿是一家公关公司的创始人，他的成功故事包括把周仰杰(Jimmy Choo)的鞋子和设计师萨博(Saab)介绍给好莱坞。句中先行词为Heston，在非限定性定语从句中作名词success的定语，故用whose。
【30题详解】
考查非谓语动词动名词。前面的turn to的to是介词，后面接动名词形式。bet on sth.主动结构。句意：许多年轻的设计师把赌注押在有前途的新星身上，希望这些新星声名鹊起之后自己也一夜成名。故填betting。
Section B.
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
For several decades, various types of artificial intelligence kept shocking the world. Robots could ____31____ people in highly competitive games and then quickly destroyed their human competitors.
AI long ago mastered chess, the Chinese board game Go and even the Rubik's cube, which it managed to solve in just 0.38 second.
Now machines have a new game that will allow them to ____32____ humans: Jenga, the popular game in which players ____33____remove pieces from an increasingly unstable tower of 54 blocks, placing each one on top until the entire structure would ____34____.
A newly released video from MIT shows a robot developed by the school’s engineers playing the game with surprising accuracy. The machine is equipped with a soft gripper(夹子), a force-sensing wrist and an external camera, allowing the robot to detect the tower’s ____35____ the way a human might do
Unlike in purely recognitive tasks or games such as chess or Go, playing the game of Jenga also requires mastery of physical acts such as pushing, pulling, placing, and arranging pieces. It must ____36____ interactive physical operation, where you have to touch the tower to learn how and when to move blocks.
Imitating it is rather difficult, so the robot has to learn in the real world, by working with the real Jenga tower. Recently, a relevant research was published in the journal Science Robotics. Researchers say the robot demonstrates that machines can learn how to perform certain tasks through actual touching instead of relying heavily on visual ____37____. That physical ____38____ is significant, researchers say, because it provides further proof that robots can be used to perform ____39____ tasks, such as separating recyclable objects from landfill trash and assembling consumer products.
In a cellphone assembly line, the felling of any component is coming from force and touch rather than vision. To become an accomplished Jenga player, the robot did not require as much repetitive practice as you might imagine. Hoping to avoid reconstructing a Jenga tower thousands of times, researchers developed a method that allowed the robot to be trained on about 300 games. Researchers say the robot has already begun facing off against humans, who remain _____40_____ players—for now.
【答案】31. I. 32. D
33. B 34. K
35. E 36. A
37. J 38. F
39. C 40. G
【解析】
本文是一篇科技类短文阅读。人工智能的发展一直震惊着世界，研究人员现已开发新的机器人，可以通过实际训练来学习如何执行任务。
【31题详解】
考查动词。句意：机器人可以在竞争激烈的游戏中遇到人类，然后迅速消灭人类对手。动词encounter遇到，could后面选动词原形。故选I。
【32题详解】
考查动词。句意：现在，机器有了一个新游戏，它们可以使人类羞愧。动词shame使羞愧，allow sb to do sth.允许某人做某事，故此处填动词原形。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查副词。句意：玩家从一个由54块积木组成的越来越不稳定的塔上战略性地移走棋子，把每一块积木放在塔顶，直到整个结构倒塌。副词strategically战略上，修饰动词用副词，选项只有一个副词，句意适当。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词。句意：玩家从一个由54块积木组成的越来越不稳定的塔上战略性地移走棋子，把每一块积木放在塔顶，直到整个结构倒塌。动词collapse倒塌，would后面选动词原形。故选K。
【35题详解】
考查名词。句意：允许机器人探测塔的薄弱之处。名词weaknesses薄弱，用名词作宾语，故选E。
【36题详解】
考查动词。句意：层层叠游戏要涉及人机互动。动词involve涉及，must后面用动词原形。故选A。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：研究人员说，机器人证明，机器可以通过实际的触摸来学习如何执行某些任务，而不是严重依赖视觉线索。名词clues线索，形容词visual后接名词。故选J。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：物理的敏感性很重要。名词sensitivity敏感，作主语，而且是单数。故选F。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：机器人可用于执行精细的任务。后面有例子，例如从垃圾填埋场的垃圾中分离可回收的物品，以及组装消费品，这些是精细的任务。形容词delicate精细的，修饰名词tasks。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查形容词。句意：机器人开始挑战目前更胜一筹的人类。形容词superior更胜一筹的，修饰名词players。故选G。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A(15分)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word of phrase that best fits the context.
From the nation's earliest days, farming has held a crucial place in the American economy and culture. Farmers play an important role in any society, of course, since they feed people. But farming has been particularly ___41___ in the United States with intensified attention from civilians and government as well.
Early in the nation's life, farmers were seen as exemplifying economic ___42___ such as hard work, perseverance, and self-sufficiency. Moreover, many Americans, particularly immigrants who may have never held any land in the country, found that owning a farm was the ___43___ to enter the American economic system. They were immediately playing a part in the country’s economy.
The American farmer has generally been quite successful at producing food. Indeed, sometimes his success has created his biggest problem: the agricultural sector has suffered periodic explosions of overproduction that have ___44___ prices. When the government have to step in and ___45___ the worst of these events.
American farmers owe their ability to produce large yields to a number of factors. For one thing, they work under ___46___ natural conditions. The American Midwest has some of the richest soil in the world. Rainfall is ___47___ over most areas of the country; rivers and underground water permit extensive irrigation where it is not.
Increasing use of high-quality ___48___ also have contributed to the success of American agriculture. It is not unusual to see today's farmers ___49___ plows or harvesters. One farmer can manage large lands of farms. Fertilizers and pesticides are commonly used although some environmentalists _____50_____ it. Computers track farm operations, and even _____51_____ technology is utilized to find the best places to plant and fertilize crops. US agriculture is among the most advanced in the world.
Farmers still fight with forces beyond their control, _____52_____. Despite its generally benign weather, North America also experiences frequent floods and droughts. Changes in the weather give agriculture its own economic cycles, often _____53_____ the general economy. When negative factors hit farmers, calls for government assistance are particularly intense. In the 1930s, for instance, bad weather, and the Great Depression combined to push farms over the edge into a(n) _____54_____ situation. The government responded with _____55_____ agricultural reforms -- most notably, a system of price supports, whose significance toward the large-scale campaign lasted for many years.
41. A. valued B. accessed C. implemented D. illustrated
42. A. regulations B. virtues C. obligations D. requirements
43. A. shortcut B. implication C. reward D. substitute
44. A. maintained B. margined C. depressed D. refunded
45. A. take over B. cover up for C. come up with D. smooth out
46. A. varied B. favorable C. extreme D. visible
47. A. moderate B. predictable C. timely D. acid
48. A. labor B. investment C. chemical D. landscape
49. A. complicated B. flexible C. accessible D. executive
50. A. criticize B. recall C. evaluate D. identify
51. A. medical B. mobile C. space D. process
52. A. for example B. in all C. however D. additionally
53. A. subject to B. unrelated to C. reduced to D. applied to
54. A. vague B. desperate C. isolated D. feasible
55. A. struggling B. traditional C. sweeping D. permanent
【答案】41. A 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. D 46. B 47. A 48. A 49. A 50. A 51. C 52. C 53. B 54. B 55. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍农业在美国经济和文化中占据着至关重要的地位，以及在20世纪30年代由于恶劣的天气和经济危机，美国政府对农业进行的全面改革。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. valued重视；B. accessed进入；C. implemented实施；D. illustrated说明。但农业在美国受到了特别重视。选A。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. regulations规则；B. virtues美德；C. obligations义务；D. requirements要求。在这个国家的早期，农民被视为努力工作、坚持不懈和自给自足等经济美德的典范。故选B。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. shortcut捷径；B. implication牵连；C. reward报酬；D. substitute代用品。许多美国人，尤其是那些可能从未在自己国家拥有任何土地的移民，发现拥有农场是进入美国经济体系的捷径。故选A。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. maintained维持；B. margined为……付保证金；C. depressed降低；D. refunded偿还。根据上文“the agricultural industry has suffered …”可知，农业部门遭受了周期性的生产过剩的爆发，从而压低了价格。故选C。
【45题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。A. take over接管；B. cover up for包庇；C. come up with提出；D. smooth out缓解；消除。政府不得不介入并平息这些最糟糕的事件。故选D。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. varied各种各样；B. favorable良好的；C. extreme极端的；D. visible可见的。农民在良好的自然环境下工作。故选B。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. moderate适当的；B. predictable可预测的；C. timely及时的；D. acid酸的。全国大部分地区降雨量适中。故选A。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. labor劳动力；B. investment投资；C. chemical化学物；D. landscape风景。越来越多地使用高质量的劳动力也为美国农业的成功做出了贡献。故选A。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. complicated复杂的；B. flexible灵活的；C. accessible可得到的；D. executive行政的。今天的农民使用复杂的犁或收割机并不罕见。故选A。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. criticize指责；B. recall召回；C. evaluate评估；D. identify鉴定。化肥和杀虫剂被广泛使用，尽管一些环保主义者指责它。故选A。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. medical体格检查；B. mobile活动物体；C. space空间；D. process过程。计算机跟踪农场运作，甚至利用空间技术来寻找种植和给作物施肥的最佳地点。故选C。
【52题详解】
考查副词及短语词义辨析。A. for example例如；B. in all总而言之；C. however然而；D. additionally此外。然而，农民们仍然在与他们无法控制的力量作斗争。根据句意可知，这里表示转折。故选C。
【53题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。A. subject to让步于……；B. unrelated to与……无关；C. reduced to减少到；D. applied to把……应用到。天气的变化赋予农业自身的经济周期，通常与一般经济无关。故选B。
【54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. vague模糊的；B. desperate绝望的；C. isolated孤立的；D. feasible可行的。根据上文“the Great Depression combined to push farmers over the edge into…”可知，在20世纪30年代，恶劣的天气和大萧条将农民推向了绝望的境地。故选B。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. struggling努力的；B. traditional传统的；C. sweeping彻底的；大范围的；D. permanent永久的。政府以全面的农业改革作为回应。故选C。
【点睛】完形填空主要考查学生对语篇的全面理解，要求学生在做题时能够做到“身临其境，感同身受”准确把握作者写作意图，同时“瞻前顾后，左顾右盼”，充分考虑前后文的逻辑关系，仔细推敲，最后还原整体和细节。例如小题4所选的depressed这个词根据上文“the agricultural industry has suffered …”可知，农业部门遭受了周期性的生产过剩的爆发，从而压低了价格，故选择出正确的答案。
Section B(24分)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
After some blood tests, Dr Stubs stood before me, a tall man, but short on personality and sporting a cold expression. You have systemic lupus. he said matter-of-factly."Lupus, "he continued, "is an auto-immune disease and ….” I remember certain details but mostly I remember him talking about children. “Children are no harm. But childbirth would jumpstart additional symptoms that could be life threatening. You already have two kids anyway.”
As I got up to leave, shaken and drained, he said his parting words, “I would discourage any further research. There is no cure and nothing can prevent its progression.”
Still, I did research lupus and its symptoms tiredness and joint pain—were both consistent with what I was experiencing. And eventually some major organs could be affected, causing shutdown and possibly death.
I studied and found out that echinacea had a record in making immune system stronger. I decided that along with the plant I would strengthen my mindset by immersing myself in my family with my one-year-old son and three-year-old daughter.
After another visit, I decided never to go back to Dr. Stubs. How could one endure repeatedly hear desperately words coming from an emotionless mouth even though they were truth? The years passed. When I would feel tired and achy I pulled support from my children and their laughter.
Finally, after eight years, I went to Dr. Kirstein who was recommended by a friend. She stood there holding my hand and looking into my eyes warmly.
"So, let’s talk a little.”
Instantly my defenses were down. Before I knew it, she had me running on and on about my children, my husband, my life and dreams. I told her about all the meaningful activities I was involved in, those things I might have never done without the disease.
After several follow-up tests, and greater research into my family history, Dr. Kirstein came to conclusive answer. I did not have systemic lupus. There must be something wrong with the initial tests 8 years before.
I didn't know whether I should jump for joy or scream because I had been living the last eight years in fear of a fatal disease. But then I realized that I had been living every day, not so much in fear, but happiness Even day was a gift and I knew it.
56. Dr. Strubs warned the author against having more children because _____.
A. The process of giving birth put her life in danger.
B. Taking care of children will gradually worsen her disease.
C. Her disease will threaten the health of her children.
D. She already has enough children.
57. Why did the author stop seeing doctor Strubs after two visits? .
A. Because she not qualified to treat her disease.
B. Because he recommended Dr.Kirkstein to her.
C. Because his cold attitude upset the author.
D. Because she suspected his diagnosis about her disease.
58. How did the author deal with the disease?
A. She calmly waited for major organs to shut down.
B. she took effective medicine regularly to fight the disease.
C. She turned to Dr. Kirstein to get cure for the disease
D. She tried to strengthen immune system and drew strength from family.
59. Why did the author think every day in the past 8 years was a gift?
A. Because systemic lupus was no longer a deadly disease.
B. Because she made every day valuable in spite of disease
C. Because she received a gift every day from her family
D. Because she only occasionally felt pain and tiredness.
【答案】56. A 57. C 58. D 59. B
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者虽然在过去的八年被认为是有疾病，但是她使每一天都过的有意义。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段I remember certain details but mostly I remember him talking about children. “Children are no harm. But childbirth would jumpstart additional symptoms that could be life threatening. You already have two kids anyway.”可知，Dr. Strubs认为作者分娩会引发可能危及生命的其他症状。故选A。
【57题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段How could one endure repeatedly hear desperately words coming from an emotionless mouth even though they were truth?作者无法忍受反复听到医生从一个没有感情的嘴里说出绝望的话语，可知，医生冷淡的态度使作者感到不安。故选C。
【58题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段I studied and found out that echinacea had a record in making immune system stronger. I decided that along with the plant I would strengthen my mindset by immersing myself in my family with my one-year-old son and three-year-old daughter.可知，作者用紫锥菊来增强自己增强免疫系统并融入家庭、强化心态，从家庭中汲取力量。故选D。
【59题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段But then I realized that I had been living every day, not so much in fear, but happiness Even day was a gift and I knew it.可知，作者意识到，活着的每一天，并不是那么恐惧，而是快乐，甚至每一天都是一份礼物，从而推断出，尽管疾病缠身，但她让每一天都变得有价值。故选B。
(B)
While faking and fierce looks are among animals great defenses, many species know that everyone runs from a big stink(臭气)too.
Vulture(秃鸳)
Vultures, are street sweepers that feast on the rotting flesh of dead animals, which benefits us by ridding our highways and landscapes of animal bodies and the bacteria they might carry. When vultures feel threatened they vomit, and the smell of vomited-on dead bodies puts of most predators. Throwing up allows the vulture to fly away more quickly-and the vomit can hurt the aggressor's eyes and face.
Opossum(负鼠)
In some ways opossums have it easy. In order to become “dead", they don’t have to fax anyone a death certificate. They just lie there with their tongues hanging out with the smell of dead flesh, sometimes for hours, effectively convincing potential predators they can find a much fresher meal elsewhere. Even if they keep getting attacked, they won't move any more than a human statue until the threat has passed.
Hoatzin(磨雉)
Hold your nose and meet the hoatzin, a bird of distinctions, not the least of which is that it smells like fresh cow shit. The animal mostly eats leaves and it's the only bird known to digest by fermentation, like a cow. This process is what causes its smell and has earned it the nickname the “stink bird
Millipedes (千足虫)
Millipedes are tricky. For starters they look wormy. Their name is deceptive, too: Their legs number about 750. Their major defense is to curl up into a ball. They, though, also release a harm eyes, and leave a horrible smell on their attackers.
Sea Hare(海兔)
The graceful sea hare is plain in taste in the first place, so it's not the most popular dish in the seafood chain. Nonetheless this type of sea creature has a pretty creative smell-related defense that is almost the opposite of its smelly companions on this list. The sea hare gives out a slimy, purple ink, the substance which makes food less palatable to predators.
Researchers using lobsters(2-f)as model predators found that the sea blocks the lobsters receptive mechanism. In other words, the sea hare gives its attacker the equivalent of a stuffy nose so they don't know how appealing it is.
60. The sea hare defends itself from predators by ____.
A. becoming plain in taste at the discovery of a predator
B. giving out purple ink to make itself invisible to predators
C. releasing substance to make predators unable to smell it
D. giving off smelly gas to try to drive predators away.
61. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The vulture carries bacteria so that predators dare not get close to it.
B. The opossum fakes its death to avoid being targeted by predators.
C. The hoatzin eats cow shit so that it is nick-named as “stink bird
D. The gas released by millipede was basically harmless
62. The species that enjoys more than one defense mechanism is____.
A. vulture
B. opossum
C. millipede
D. sea hare
【答案】60. C 61. B 62. C
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一些野生动物是如何进行自身防御的。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段The sea hare gives out a slimy, purple ink, the substance which makes food less palatable to predators.可知，海兔身上散发出黏糊糊的紫色墨水，这种物质使得捕食者对食物不那么感兴趣，从而保护自己免受捕食者的伤害。故选C。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段In order to become “dead", they don’t have to fax anyone a death certificate. They just lie there with their tongues hanging out with the smell of dead flesh, sometimes for hours, effectively convincing potential predators they can find a much fresher meal elsewhere.可知，负鼠假装死亡，让捕食者在其他地方找到更新鲜的食物，以避免成为捕食者的目标。故选B。
【62题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段Their major defense is to curl up into a ball. They, though, also release a harm eyes, and leave a horrible smell on their attackers.可知，千足虫主要防守是蜷成一团。然而，它们也会释放出有害的眼睛，并在攻击者身上留下可怕的气味。从而可以推断出，千足虫是拥有多种防御机制的物种。故选C。
(C)
ARCHAEOLOGISTS(考古学家) GUIDED BY laser images of a remote region of northern Guatemala have discovered 20-foot-high walls, watchtowers, and other evidence that ancient Maya societies had been annoyed by warfare threat over many years. The finds have upended long-established impressions of a civilization that it tamed the jungle and built thriving cities,then declined and disappeared quietly beneath the dense tropical forest.
Among the most surprising discoveries was a large stone complex now called La Cuemavilla. Built on a steep ridge, the heavily fortified site included high walls. Moats which serves as the largest defensive system ever discovered in the region.
This was surprising says an archaeologist, "because we had a tendency to romanticize Maya warfare as something that was largely ritualized. But the fortifications were seeing suggest an elevated level of antagonism over centuries. Rulers were so deeply alarmed that they felt the need to invest in all these hilltop fortifications. There is an almost visible sense of fear in this landscape.
All these findings owe credit to PACUNAM LIDAR Initiative, a laser survey of some 800 square miles of the Maya Biosphere Reserve in northern Guatemala. Using revolutionary Laser technology, the survey revealed the long-hidden ruins of a sprawling pre-Columbian civilization that was far more complex and interconnected than most Maya specialists had supposed.
Guided by the new Laser treasure maps, the LIDAR team deployed through the jungle over the past year to conduct hands-on investigations of more than a dozen of the most promising sites-most of which would have been imperceptible without LIDAR.
"You could walk over the top of a major ruin and miss it, "says an archaeologist who's part of the PACUNA project. But LIDAR picks up the patterns and makes the features pop out with surprising clarity.
Three-dimensional maps generated by the survey yielded surprises even at Tikal, the largest and most extensively explored archaeological site in Guatemala. The ancient city was at least four times bigger than previously thought, and surrounded by a massive ditch and fortified base stretching for miles.
Archaeologists stress that LIDAR, for all its utility, will never see below the ground or yield direct dates of occupation. “we still need to dig and hack our way through the jungle, but now we have a very accurate map to guide us.
63. How did people think of Maya before the discovery of the defense ruins?
A. It was the most advanced civilization in the history of mankind.
B. It was long under the threat of large-scale wars
C. Its rise and decline were under way peacefully
D. It was finally destroyed by a large-scale war
64. The underlined word antagonism is closest in meaning to ____.
A. misery
B. revolution
C. population decrease
D. opposition
65. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The military mechanism found in La Cuemavilla was intended for occupying more lands.
B. The new laser technology was mainly used to enlarge the original site size.
C. The LIDAR helps to avoid the traditional digging task in site exploration.
D. The Tikal site was found to be protected by certain defense works
66. The passage is mainly about ____.
A. people' s long-time misunderstanding of Maya civilization.
B. discovery of Maya military works aided by new explore technology
C. the finding of a big warfare resulting in the disappearance of Maya civilization
D. The various advantages of new technologies in the field of archaeology.
【答案】63. C 64. D 65. D 66. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。文章主要讲了在新科技的帮助下发现玛雅军工厂。
【63题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段The finds have upended long-established impressions of a civilization that it tamed the jungle and built thriving cities, then declined and disappeared quietly beneath the dense tropical forest.可知，发现颠覆了长久以来人们对文明的印象。文明曾驯服丛林，建设繁荣的城市，然后衰落，静静地消失在茂密的热带森林之下。从而可以推断出，在发现防御遗址之前，人们都认为玛雅的崛起和衰落都是和平进行的。故选C。
【64题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第三段This was surprising says an archaeologist, "because we had a tendency to romanticize Maya warfare as something that was largely ritualized.考古学家一切倾向于把玛雅战争浪漫化，认为它在很大程度上是仪式化的，及转折词but 提示，可知，这些防御工事表明，几个世纪以来双方的对抗程度有所上升。从而猜测出antogonism 在文中是“对抗；敌对”的意思。故选D。
【65题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段Three-dimensional maps generated by the survey yielded surprises even at Tikal, the largest and most extensively explored archaeological site in Guatemala. The ancient city was at least four times bigger than previously thought, and surrounded by a massive ditch and fortified base stretching for miles.可知，蒂卡尔遗址被一条巨大的壕沟和绵延数英里的防御基地所包围，受其保护。故选D。
【66题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段ARCHAEOLOGISTS(考古学家) GUIDED BY laser images of a remote region of northern Guatemala have discovered 20-foot-high walls, watchtowers, and other evidence that ancient Maya societies had been annoyed by warfare threat over many years. The finds have upended long-established impressions of a civilization that it tamed the jungle and built thriving cities,then declined and disappeared quietly beneath the dense tropical forest.及其全文可知，本文主要讲了在新科技的帮助下发现玛雅军工厂。故选B。
【点睛】阅读理解通常都会出现词义猜测题，要求考生从上下文理解中概括出生词或短语的词义。考生作此类题型时，首先要找到所猜测词所在文章的位置，然后在理解文章大意的基础之上，对此词前后句反复研读，最后根据前后句猜测出词义。例如小题2要求猜测出antogonism的含义，就是根据文章第三段This was surprising says an archaeologist, "because we had a tendency to romanticize Maya warfare as something that was largely ritualized.考古学家一切倾向于把玛雅战争浪漫化，认为它在很大程度上是仪式化的，及转折词but 提示，可知，这些防御工事表明，几个世纪以来双方的对抗程度有所上升。从而猜测出antogonism 在文中是“对抗；敌对”的意思。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Recently, in the quest for a selfie(自拍), a woman climbed over the concrete barrier of a Jaguar(美洲虎) enclosure at Wildlife World Zoo, Arizona. The jaguar ripped into her arm. Bystanders pulled her away before the animal could injure her further. She's fine-so is the jaguar.
This isn’t the first time a story of a person acting rudely to get close to a wild animal made headlines. Last year. a man jumped into a lion enclosure at a zoo for a close-up photo. ___67___Multiple tourists in Yellowstone National Park have been attacked by bison(野牛) when they’ve gotten too close for a photo.
It's common sense not to get close to wild animals that can hurt you. It's why zoos have barriers -sometimes multiple walls-to keep people separated from animals. Signs posted everywhere state the obvious warning. Keep your hands off the cage.
"Yet animals have become less real to us, " says an environmentalist. We see exotic animals most frequently in managed settings like zoos. ___68___ People are trying to take advantage of their rarity to show off on social media and ignore their fierceness.
Media often normalize interaction with dangerous animals. Seeing a man like "Lion Whisperer" Kevin Richardson regularly play-fight with lions on TV, may send the message that these animals aren't so dangerous after all.
Social media are also perfectly positioned to contribute to the rise of animal selfies. Getting likes and comments provide instant satisfaction. Your self-esteem actually gets a temporary boost. To hold onto that feeling, people may go to more and more extremes to showcase the most exciting versions of themselves. It may not be enough to get a photo of a beautiful, dangerous animal from outside a cage. ___69___
People' s careless approach can put the animal's safety at risk as well. Zoo animals often must be killed to protect the person who’s entered their space. In fact, thrill-seekers actively endanger the lives of animals. ___70___with the zoo environment, they take it for granted that animals are there for people, ignoring the fact that animals and humans are both equal existents in the nature.
A. The animals, to some extent, become tools to us.
B. Although violence against zoo animals is often reported, the issue of animal welfare has aroused little attention recently.
C. By taking a selfie, you show that you're part of that experience.
D. The comparison between caged animals and wild ones are appealing to people.
E. Similar incidents are a regular occurrence in natural settings.
F. The common factor is that some people are not respecting animal.
【答案】67. E 68. A
69. C 70. F
【解析】
本文是一篇社会类短文阅读。文章主要陈述人类想当然地认为动物是为人类而存在的，忽略了动物和人类在自然界中是平等存在的。
【67题详解】
根据前句Last year. a man jumped into a lion enclosure at a zoo for a close-up photo. 和后句Multiple tourists in Yellowstone National Park have been attacked by bison(野牛) when they’ve gotten too close for a photo.所列举的两个例子可知，人们为了拍照靠近野生动物这种类似的事情是频繁发生的。故选E。
【68题详解】
根据该段第一句Yet animal have become less real to us然而，动物对我们来说已经变得不那么真实了，和后句People are trying to take advantage of their rarity to show off on social media and ignore their fierceness.人们利用它们的稀有性在社交媒体上炫耀，可知，在某种程度上，动物对我们来说成了工具。故选A。
【69题详解】
根据前句It may not be enough to get a photo of a beautiful, dangerous animal from outside a cage.从笼子外面拍一张美丽、危险的动物照片已经不够了。所以自然而然引出，通过拍一张自拍，你可以展示你是那次经历的一部分。故选C。
【70题详解】
根据上下文可知，上文人们的所作所为以及下文with the zoo environment, they take it for granted that animals are there for people, ignoring the fact that animals and humans are both equal existents in the nature.动物为人而存在这种理所当然的想法，忽略了人类和动物在自然界是平等存在的想法，都证明了一些人正在不尊重动物。故选F。
IV Summary Writing
71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words, Use your own words as far as possible.
Peter woke up one morning with all the usual signs of a nasty cold: severe headache and blocked nose. Then he did what almost everyone does on a day like this. He got up and went to work. Such is the state of what the human resources industry has come to call presenteeism.
Many experts claim that presenteeism is now a bigger problem in the UK than absenteeism and could even help explain the country’s weak productivity growth. A growing number of companies are realizing presenteeism and doing something about it. This generally takes the form of programmes full of once unimaginable sweets: cheap gym membership, veggie salads in the canteen, stand-up desks and the odd massage. of course, there’s nothing against lunchtime dentistry or free workout. They do more good than harm. But such welfares alone won't do much to stop people from presenteeism.
The chief reasons why people soldier on have nothing to do with how fit they are. They work for leaner, more stressed companies where dismissals are common. This makes some people worried that they will be targeted in the next round of job cut if they have taken a lot of time off. Others worry about troubling stretched colleagues with more work in their absence. How annoying it is to be faced with cold faces when you return to office after two days' rest at home.
There is not much to be said for "silly things" like ping-pong tables and office bean bags. The key to dealing with presenteeism lies in training managers to be better at spotting swifly when employees are under too much stress or ill, and dealing with the situation sensibly---putting the sick employee to sick leave although he is reluctant. Of course, work has to be done to eliminate employee's concern about his job prospect thereof.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Presenteeism, going to work when ill, though common in the UK, harms productivity. The responsive staff benefits companies offer are of no avail to solve the problem. The real reasons lie in sick employees’ fear of potential layoff and concern about additional workload on colleagues.
The solution depends on management’s timely detection of presenteeism and strategic compulsory leave mechanism.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇社会类短文阅读。文章主要介绍了出勤主义的危害、原因及解决办法。
【详解】第一段讲“出勤主义(presenteeism)”是一种什么情况即人们在生病的情况下还要上班的情况；第二段讲出勤主义的危害，以及公司提供的福利对解决出勤主义的问题并没有什么帮助；第三段讲存在出勤主义主要原因，第四段讲了根本性解决问题的办法。总结需要围绕这四方面展开，抓住要点，缺一不可。故答案为Presenteeism, going to work when ill, though common in the UK, harms productivity. The responsive staff benefits companies offer are of no avail to solve the problem. The real reasons lie in sick employees’ fear of potential layoff and concern about additional workload on colleagues. The solution depends on management’s timely detection of presenteeism and strategic compulsory leave mechanism.
第Ⅱ卷(共40分)
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 暴饮暴食被一些人认为是缓解工作压力的手段。( regard)
_____________________
73. 让我印象最深的是，单身女性已成购房新军。( impress)
_____________________
74. 他对大家的警告充耳不闻，执意在如此恶劣的天气驾车上山。( insist)
_____________________
75. 在春节期间，许多服务行业的企业都面临着用工荒的问题，大大阻碍了行业的发展。(face)
_____________________
【答案】72. Overeating is regarded by some as a way to relieve work pressure.
73. What impresses me most is that single women have emerged as new buyers for house property.
74. He turned a deaf ear to people’s warnings and insisted on driving up the hill in such bad weather.
75. During the spring festival, many enterprises in service industry are facing the problem of labour shortage, which greatly blocks the development of the industry.
【解析】
考查翻译。要求考生根据中文含义及括号中所给的词将中文翻译成英文。
【72题详解】
考查短语。regard…as…认为……是……。“暴饮暴食”的表达为“overeating”，“缓解工作压力的手段”可以翻译为“a way to relieve work pressure.”。故填Overeating is regarded by some as a way to relieve work pressure.
【73题详解】
考查名词性从句、现在完成时和impress sb 令某人印象深刻。这句话首先要选一个主语从句作为句子的结构，其次不可忽略“印象最深”的“最”，必须把most翻译出来。此外，“购房新军”的表达也是一个注意事项，这个时候需要意译。故填What impresses me most is that single women have emerged as new buyers for house property.
【74题详解】
考查insist的用法。“insist on doing sth”和turn a deaf ear to “充耳不闻”的翻译。在翻译的时候可以用“he”做主语，然后并列两个动词。注意驾车上山的表达为drive up the hill. 故填He turned a deaf ear to people’s warnings and insisted on driving up the hill in such bad weather.
【75题详解】
考查face的用法和非限制性定语从句。这句话中后半部分大大阻碍了行业的发展的主语时前半部分所叙述的情况，所以需要用非限制性定语从句“which”来引导，指代主句的全部内容。此外，注意“用工荒”的表达以及逐项对照翻译，确保没有漏译的情况。故填During the spring festival, many enterprises in service industry are facing the problem of labour shortage, which greatly blocks the development of the industry.
VI. Guided Writing
76.Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
日前，一社会机构对“高中生认为最有用的手机app类型”进行调查，结果如下:
最有用的app类型
参与调查的高中生人数占比
社交类app
45%
游戏类app
32%
学习类app
12%
其他
11%
请简单描述以上数据，并结合自身实际，谈谈你对这一调查结果的看法。
(文中不得出现考生姓名，学校等真实信息)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】These days, a social organization is conducting a survey of the most useful mobile apps for senior high school students.As can be easily seen from the above figure,the number of the students participating in the survey who chose social app and game app accounts for 45% and 32% while those who chose learning app and others accounts for only 12 % and 11%.It is not a good trend but a disturbing one. What is the real reason behind it?
As far as I’m concerned,with the rapid development of mobile technology,a wide variety of phones are available at a less expensive price within people of all ages,particularly for high school students. For one,it not only provides them with easy access to knowledge on the internet but also makes it much easier for them to communicate with each other whenever and wherever they want.
Nevertheless, in my opinion,for students what matters most at present is that they should try their hard to focus on study rather than social interaction and games,using their learning apps to the full.Only when you realize it is wrong to do so can you spare no efforts to make gradual progress in study and achieve success in the end.
【解析】
【分析】
本题属于图表作文，要求考生简单描述以上数据，并结合自身实际，谈谈对这一调查结果的看法。
【详解】本篇书面表达属于图表类作文，根据提示信息：社会机构对“高中生认为最有用的手机app类型”进行调查，根据其调查结果，简单描述以上数据，并结合自身实际，谈谈对这一调查结果的看法。写作时注意以下几点：1、仔细阅读有关提示，弄清试题提供的所有信息，明确要点；2、图表是文章的总体框架，要在图表的范围内进行分析、构思和想象。要依据提示情景或词语，按照一定逻辑关系来写，写作时可以按照要点所给的顺序写。3、根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态、语态，就本文而言应该用一般现在时态。4、注意使用高级词汇和句式，以增加文童的亮点。
【点睛】本文结构紧凑，层次分明，而且使用了多种表达：participate in, account for, As far as I’m concerned, with the rapid development of, communicate with, in the end；还运用句型：As can be easily seen from the above figure, the number of the students participating in the survey who chose social app and game app accounts for 45% and 32% while those who chose learning app and others accounts for only 12 % and 11%.It is not a good trend but a disturbing one.这句话运用了定语从句；For one, it not only provides them with easy access to knowledge on the internet but also makes it much easier for them to communicate with each other whenever and wherever they want.这句话运用名词性从句；Only when you realize it is wrong to do so can you spare no efforts to make gradual progress in study and achieve success in the end.这句话运用了倒装结构等。并注意了句子的衔接如and，but，while，Nevertheless等等。
英语学科试卷
考生注意:
1. 考试时间120分钟，试卷满分140分。
2. 本次考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。所有答題必须涂(选择题)或写(非选择题)在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。
3. 务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名，并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上。
I Listening Comprehension
Section A
Directions: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it. read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.
1.
A. Because the gas station is waiting for the fuel price adjustment.
B. Because there’s no gas left at the gas station right now.
C. Because the gas station is checking and repairing the equipment now.
D. Because the quality of the gas in the station is terrible.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
2.
A. 5 dollars B. 6 dollars C. 7 dollars D. 11 dollars
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
3.
A. The new movie didn’t perform well in sales.
B. The new movie was positively reviewed by critics.
C. The new movie was successful in sales and reputation.
D. The new movie wasn’t welcomed by the critics.
【答案】D
【解析】
【分析】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
4.
A. They will be home on time.
B. Her mother is in an area with poor signal reception.
C. She can’t connect her mother through the mobile phone now.
D. She has to notify her mother that someone is dead.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
5.
A. The neighborhood suffers a power failure.
B. Their neighbor broke their light bulb.
C. There's something wrong with their light bulb.
D. It's black outside the window.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
6.
A. He lost the way to the ice cream counter.
B. He doesn't know which taste to choose.
C. He loses words to describe the taste of the ice cream.
D. He enjoys selling ice cream.
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
7.
A. She doesn’t get on well with John.
B. John lied about absence from school.
C. John was too ill to receive them at home.
D. She didn’t go to school herself.
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
8.
A. At an electronic appliance shop.
B. At a drugstore
C. At a laundry.
D. At a furniture shop.
【答案】C
【解析】
【分析】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
9.
A. Invite a friend to take the wedding photographing job.
B. Pay for photographing for her wedding.
C. Save the budget of wedding.
D. Avoid taking too many photos for her wedding.
【答案】B
【解析】
【分析】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
10.
A. The candidate has devotion for the job.
B. The candidate is not good at giving speeches.
C. The candidate is out of touch with the woman.
D. The candidate is not qualified for the job.
【答案】D
【解析】
分析】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【详解】此题为听力题，解析略。
Section B
Directions: In Section B, you will hear two short passages and one longer conversation, and you will be asked questions on each of the passages and the conversation. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer you have heard.
Questions are based on the following passage.
11. A. 12%. B. 27%. C. 30%. D. 60%.
12.
A. Because their bodies are not strong enough for regular exercises.
B. Because their doctors prevent them from doing too many exercises.
C. Because they spend greater time doing activities requiring little energy.
D. Because they still keep working at older ages.
13.
A. Because it brings enjoyment to the old.
B. Because it makes life colorful.
C. Because it makes the old move more.
D. Because it saves money for the old.
【答案】11. A 12. C 13. C
【解析】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【11题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【12题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【13题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
Questions are based on the following passage.
14.
A. The high unemployment rate in the country.
B. The comfortable working environment.
C. The potential high income from the work.
D. The possibility to contact bosses and senior managers.
15.
A. Dealing with commitments.
B. Managing the Internet surfing.
C. Managing bosses' schedules.
D. Communicating with other employees.
16.
A. They give male applicants fair chances for the PA jobs.
B. They tend to provide male PAS with high salaries.
C. They give male Pas more work to manage.
D. They prefer to assign male PAS for male bosses.
【答案】14. C 15. B 16. A
【解析】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【14题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【15题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【16题详解】
此题听力题，解析略。
Questions are based on the following passage.
17.
A. Information about the features of the car.
B. Message about the prices of the car.
C. A larger discount than what dealers offer
D. Comments about the car from other customers.
18.
A. Good service from professional staff.
B. Trial driving by the buyer.
C. Additional insurance benefits from dealers.
D. Driving license from the government.
19.
A. It manufactures advanced electric cars.
B. It cooperates well with car dealers.
C. Its online website offers comprehensive car information.
D. It can deliver cars to customers after online purchase.
20.
A. It provides more car information than new cars.
B. It is sold cheaper with less sales cost.
C. Used cars are generally sold at less than 2000 dollars.
D. Used car market is bigger than new car market.
【答案】17. C 18. B 19. D 20. B
【解析】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【17题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【18题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
【19题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
20题详解】
此题为听力题，解析略。
II. Grammar and Vocabulary
Section A 10%
Directions: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.
When Jennifer Lawrence tripped on her way to accept her best actress Oscar one year, her pink princess-like Dior dress ____21____(capture) in all its glory. The unscripted moment became hot topic throughout social media.
That bonus air-time for a single dress at one of the worlds global events is priceless for the likes of Dior, one of the ____22____(influential) fashion houses in the luxury marketplace.
Success on the red carpet can earn exposure and profits for luxury brands for years ____23____(come). The red carpet, which will be televised live before Academy Award ceremony, presents a great opportunity for a designer to reach an audience that expands ____24____the fashion setting. The Lawrence dress received about 40 million mentions on various social media.
One way of estimating the monetary benefits of having a standout dress on the red carpet is to compare how much a brand would otherwise spend on commercial advertising during the same time. ____25____Lawrence had only 75 seconds of solo camera time for her Oscar acceptance speech, Dior had to pay more than $4 million for a commercial spot of the same duration on similar occasions. And this didn't include the time ____26____(devote) to Lawrence and her dress on the pre-show televised red carpet. Lawrence, 23, had an advertising contract with Dior. ____27____the group’s deal with Lawrence affected its sales was clearly stated in its annual financial report. That year, the group clothing section’s profits ____28____(total) 165 million euros, up 26 percent from the previous year.
Heston, the founder of a publicity firm, ____29____success stories include introducing Jimmy Choo shoes and designer Saab to Hollywood, believes that the Oscar red carpet is today dominated by established luxury brands. Finding it much more difficult to compete with big brand names to dress super stars on big events, many young designers turn to _____30_____(bet) on promising rising stars, expecting an overnight success if the young stars rise to sudden fame.
【答案】21. was captured
22. most influential
23. to come
24. beyond 25. Although
26. devoted
27. How 28. totaled
29. whose 30. betting
【解析】
本文是一篇时尚类短文阅读。文章主要介绍一些奢侈品牌为了提高自己的知名度和影响力，与走红地毯的大牌明星合作，而一些年轻设计师则把堵住压在有前途的新星身上，希望这些新星声名鹊起之后自己也一夜成名。
【21题详解】
考查谓语动词。主语dress与capture之间为被动关系，故用被动语态，根据文章可知用过去时态。句意：她那件像公主一样的粉红色迪奥礼服尽显光彩。故填was captured。
【22题详解】
考查形容词最高级。one of 句型中的形容词用最高级形式。句意：在奢侈品市场上，最具影响力的时装公司之一。故填most influential。
【23题详解】
考查非谓语动词。不定式作定语，表示动作未发生。for years to come未来几年。句意：红毯上的成功可以为奢侈品牌赢得未来几年的曝光率和利润。故填to come。
【24题详解】
考查介词。介词beyond表示“超出……之外”。句意：奥斯卡颁奖典礼前的红毯将进行现场直播，这为设计师们提供了一个很好的机会，可以接触到时尚圈之外的观众。故填beyond。
【25题详解】
考查状语从句连词。句意：尽管劳伦斯只有75秒的个人镜头时间来发表奥斯卡获奖感言，迪奥却不得不花费400多万美元在类似的场合拍下同样时长的广告。从句有only，主句中had to表不得不，所以前后句之间为让步关系。故填Although。
【26题详解】
考查非谓语动词。句意：这还不包括劳伦斯和她的礼服亮相电视红毯的时间。短语be devoted to作定语，被动结构，故用过去分词。故填devoted。
【27题详解】
考查主语从句连词。句意：该集团与劳伦斯的交易如何影响其销售额，在其年度财务报告中有明确说明。此处指这次交易如何影响销售，故用连词how。
【28题详解】
考查谓语动词。句意：那一年，集团服装部门的利润总计1.65亿欧元，比前一年增长26%。根据全文可知，动词total用过去时态，主动语态，表示“利润总计为”。故填totaled。
【29题详解】
考查定语从句关系代词。句意：赫斯顿是一家公关公司的创始人，他的成功故事包括把周仰杰(Jimmy Choo)的鞋子和设计师萨博(Saab)介绍给好莱坞。句中先行词为Heston，在非限定性定语从句中作名词success的定语，故用whose。
【30题详解】
考查非谓语动词动名词。前面的turn to的to是介词，后面接动名词形式。bet on sth.主动结构。句意：许多年轻的设计师把赌注押在有前途的新星身上，希望这些新星声名鹊起之后自己也一夜成名。故填betting。
Section B.
Directions: Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be used only once. Note that there is one word more than you need.
For several decades, various types of artificial intelligence kept shocking the world. Robots could ____31____ people in highly competitive games and then quickly destroyed their human competitors.
AI long ago mastered chess, the Chinese board game Go and even the Rubik's cube, which it managed to solve in just 0.38 second.
Now machines have a new game that will allow them to ____32____ humans: Jenga, the popular game in which players ____33____remove pieces from an increasingly unstable tower of 54 blocks, placing each one on top until the entire structure would ____34____.
A newly released video from MIT shows a robot developed by the school’s engineers playing the game with surprising accuracy. The machine is equipped with a soft gripper(夹子), a force-sensing wrist and an external camera, allowing the robot to detect the tower’s ____35____ the way a human might do
Unlike in purely recognitive tasks or games such as chess or Go, playing the game of Jenga also requires mastery of physical acts such as pushing, pulling, placing, and arranging pieces. It must ____36____ interactive physical operation, where you have to touch the tower to learn how and when to move blocks.
Imitating it is rather difficult, so the robot has to learn in the real world, by working with the real Jenga tower. Recently, a relevant research was published in the journal Science Robotics. Researchers say the robot demonstrates that machines can learn how to perform certain tasks through actual touching instead of relying heavily on visual ____37____. That physical ____38____ is significant, researchers say, because it provides further proof that robots can be used to perform ____39____ tasks, such as separating recyclable objects from landfill trash and assembling consumer products.
In a cellphone assembly line, the felling of any component is coming from force and touch rather than vision. To become an accomplished Jenga player, the robot did not require as much repetitive practice as you might imagine. Hoping to avoid reconstructing a Jenga tower thousands of times, researchers developed a method that allowed the robot to be trained on about 300 games. Researchers say the robot has already begun facing off against humans, who remain _____40_____ players—for now.
【答案】31. I. 32. D
33. B 34. K
35. E 36. A
37. J 38. F
39. C 40. G
【解析】
本文是一篇科技类短文阅读。人工智能的发展一直震惊着世界，研究人员现已开发新的机器人，可以通过实际训练来学习如何执行任务。
【31题详解】
考查动词。句意：机器人可以在竞争激烈的游戏中遇到人类，然后迅速消灭人类对手。动词encounter遇到，could后面选动词原形。故选I。
【32题详解】
考查动词。句意：现在，机器有了一个新游戏，它们可以使人类羞愧。动词shame使羞愧，allow sb to do sth.允许某人做某事，故此处填动词原形。故选D。
【33题详解】
考查副词。句意：玩家从一个由54块积木组成的越来越不稳定的塔上战略性地移走棋子，把每一块积木放在塔顶，直到整个结构倒塌。副词strategically战略上，修饰动词用副词，选项只有一个副词，句意适当。故选B。
【34题详解】
考查动词。句意：玩家从一个由54块积木组成的越来越不稳定的塔上战略性地移走棋子，把每一块积木放在塔顶，直到整个结构倒塌。动词collapse倒塌，would后面选动词原形。故选K。
【35题详解】
考查名词。句意：允许机器人探测塔的薄弱之处。名词weaknesses薄弱，用名词作宾语，故选E。
【36题详解】
考查动词。句意：层层叠游戏要涉及人机互动。动词involve涉及，must后面用动词原形。故选A。
【37题详解】
考查名词。句意：研究人员说，机器人证明，机器可以通过实际的触摸来学习如何执行某些任务，而不是严重依赖视觉线索。名词clues线索，形容词visual后接名词。故选J。
【38题详解】
考查名词。句意：物理的敏感性很重要。名词sensitivity敏感，作主语，而且是单数。故选F。
【39题详解】
考查形容词。句意：机器人可用于执行精细的任务。后面有例子，例如从垃圾填埋场的垃圾中分离可回收的物品，以及组装消费品，这些是精细的任务。形容词delicate精细的，修饰名词tasks。故选C。
【40题详解】
考查形容词。句意：机器人开始挑战目前更胜一筹的人类。形容词superior更胜一筹的，修饰名词players。故选G。
III. Reading Comprehension
Section A(15分)
Directions: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word of phrase that best fits the context.
From the nation's earliest days, farming has held a crucial place in the American economy and culture. Farmers play an important role in any society, of course, since they feed people. But farming has been particularly ___41___ in the United States with intensified attention from civilians and government as well.
Early in the nation's life, farmers were seen as exemplifying economic ___42___ such as hard work, perseverance, and self-sufficiency. Moreover, many Americans, particularly immigrants who may have never held any land in the country, found that owning a farm was the ___43___ to enter the American economic system. They were immediately playing a part in the country’s economy.
The American farmer has generally been quite successful at producing food. Indeed, sometimes his success has created his biggest problem: the agricultural sector has suffered periodic explosions of overproduction that have ___44___ prices. When the government have to step in and ___45___ the worst of these events.
American farmers owe their ability to produce large yields to a number of factors. For one thing, they work under ___46___ natural conditions. The American Midwest has some of the richest soil in the world. Rainfall is ___47___ over most areas of the country; rivers and underground water permit extensive irrigation where it is not.
Increasing use of high-quality ___48___ also have contributed to the success of American agriculture. It is not unusual to see today's farmers ___49___ plows or harvesters. One farmer can manage large lands of farms. Fertilizers and pesticides are commonly used although some environmentalists _____50_____ it. Computers track farm operations, and even _____51_____ technology is utilized to find the best places to plant and fertilize crops. US agriculture is among the most advanced in the world.
Farmers still fight with forces beyond their control, _____52_____. Despite its generally benign weather, North America also experiences frequent floods and droughts. Changes in the weather give agriculture its own economic cycles, often _____53_____ the general economy. When negative factors hit farmers, calls for government assistance are particularly intense. In the 1930s, for instance, bad weather, and the Great Depression combined to push farms over the edge into a(n) _____54_____ situation. The government responded with _____55_____ agricultural reforms -- most notably, a system of price supports, whose significance toward the large-scale campaign lasted for many years.
41. A. valued B. accessed C. implemented D. illustrated
42. A. regulations B. virtues C. obligations D. requirements
43. A. shortcut B. implication C. reward D. substitute
44. A. maintained B. margined C. depressed D. refunded
45. A. take over B. cover up for C. come up with D. smooth out
46. A. varied B. favorable C. extreme D. visible
47. A. moderate B. predictable C. timely D. acid
48. A. labor B. investment C. chemical D. landscape
49. A. complicated B. flexible C. accessible D. executive
50. A. criticize B. recall C. evaluate D. identify
51. A. medical B. mobile C. space D. process
52. A. for example B. in all C. however D. additionally
53. A. subject to B. unrelated to C. reduced to D. applied to
54. A. vague B. desperate C. isolated D. feasible
55. A. struggling B. traditional C. sweeping D. permanent
【答案】41. A 42. B 43. A 44. C 45. D 46. B 47. A 48. A 49. A 50. A 51. C 52. C 53. B 54. B 55. C
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍农业在美国经济和文化中占据着至关重要的地位，以及在20世纪30年代由于恶劣的天气和经济危机，美国政府对农业进行的全面改革。
【41题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. valued重视；B. accessed进入；C. implemented实施；D. illustrated说明。但农业在美国受到了特别重视。选A。
【42题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. regulations规则；B. virtues美德；C. obligations义务；D. requirements要求。在这个国家的早期，农民被视为努力工作、坚持不懈和自给自足等经济美德的典范。故选B。
【43题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. shortcut捷径；B. implication牵连；C. reward报酬；D. substitute代用品。许多美国人，尤其是那些可能从未在自己国家拥有任何土地的移民，发现拥有农场是进入美国经济体系的捷径。故选A。
【44题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. maintained维持；B. margined为……付保证金；C. depressed降低；D. refunded偿还。根据上文“the agricultural industry has suffered …”可知，农业部门遭受了周期性的生产过剩的爆发，从而压低了价格。故选C。
【45题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。A. take over接管；B. cover up for包庇；C. come up with提出；D. smooth out缓解；消除。政府不得不介入并平息这些最糟糕的事件。故选D。
【46题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. varied各种各样；B. favorable良好的；C. extreme极端的；D. visible可见的。农民在良好的自然环境下工作。故选B。
【47题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. moderate适当的；B. predictable可预测的；C. timely及时的；D. acid酸的。全国大部分地区降雨量适中。故选A。
【48题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. labor劳动力；B. investment投资；C. chemical化学物；D. landscape风景。越来越多地使用高质量的劳动力也为美国农业的成功做出了贡献。故选A。
【49题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. complicated复杂的；B. flexible灵活的；C. accessible可得到的；D. executive行政的。今天的农民使用复杂的犁或收割机并不罕见。故选A。
【50题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。A. criticize指责；B. recall召回；C. evaluate评估；D. identify鉴定。化肥和杀虫剂被广泛使用，尽管一些环保主义者指责它。故选A。
【51题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。A. medical体格检查；B. mobile活动物体；C. space空间；D. process过程。计算机跟踪农场运作，甚至利用空间技术来寻找种植和给作物施肥的最佳地点。故选C。
【52题详解】
考查副词及短语词义辨析。A. for example例如；B. in all总而言之；C. however然而；D. additionally此外。然而，农民们仍然在与他们无法控制的力量作斗争。根据句意可知，这里表示转折。故选C。
【53题详解】
考查动词短语词义辨析。A. subject to让步于……；B. unrelated to与……无关；C. reduced to减少到；D. applied to把……应用到。天气的变化赋予农业自身的经济周期，通常与一般经济无关。故选B。
【54题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. vague模糊的；B. desperate绝望的；C. isolated孤立的；D. feasible可行的。根据上文“the Great Depression combined to push farmers over the edge into…”可知，在20世纪30年代，恶劣的天气和大萧条将农民推向了绝望的境地。故选B。
【55题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。A. struggling努力的；B. traditional传统的；C. sweeping彻底的；大范围的；D. permanent永久的。政府以全面的农业改革作为回应。故选C。
【点睛】完形填空主要考查学生对语篇的全面理解，要求学生在做题时能够做到“身临其境，感同身受”准确把握作者写作意图，同时“瞻前顾后，左顾右盼”，充分考虑前后文的逻辑关系，仔细推敲，最后还原整体和细节。例如小题4所选的depressed这个词根据上文“the agricultural industry has suffered …”可知，农业部门遭受了周期性的生产过剩的爆发，从而压低了价格，故选择出正确的答案。
Section B(24分)
Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.
(A)
After some blood tests, Dr Stubs stood before me, a tall man, but short on personality and sporting a cold expression. You have systemic lupus. he said matter-of-factly."Lupus, "he continued, "is an auto-immune disease and ….” I remember certain details but mostly I remember him talking about children. “Children are no harm. But childbirth would jumpstart additional symptoms that could be life threatening. You already have two kids anyway.”
As I got up to leave, shaken and drained, he said his parting words, “I would discourage any further research. There is no cure and nothing can prevent its progression.”
Still, I did research lupus and its symptoms tiredness and joint pain—were both consistent with what I was experiencing. And eventually some major organs could be affected, causing shutdown and possibly death.
I studied and found out that echinacea had a record in making immune system stronger. I decided that along with the plant I would strengthen my mindset by immersing myself in my family with my one-year-old son and three-year-old daughter.
After another visit, I decided never to go back to Dr. Stubs. How could one endure repeatedly hear desperately words coming from an emotionless mouth even though they were truth? The years passed. When I would feel tired and achy I pulled support from my children and their laughter.
Finally, after eight years, I went to Dr. Kirstein who was recommended by a friend. She stood there holding my hand and looking into my eyes warmly.
"So, let’s talk a little.”
Instantly my defenses were down. Before I knew it, she had me running on and on about my children, my husband, my life and dreams. I told her about all the meaningful activities I was involved in, those things I might have never done without the disease.
After several follow-up tests, and greater research into my family history, Dr. Kirstein came to conclusive answer. I did not have systemic lupus. There must be something wrong with the initial tests 8 years before.
I didn't know whether I should jump for joy or scream because I had been living the last eight years in fear of a fatal disease. But then I realized that I had been living every day, not so much in fear, but happiness Even day was a gift and I knew it.
56. Dr. Strubs warned the author against having more children because _____.
A. The process of giving birth put her life in danger.
B. Taking care of children will gradually worsen her disease.
C. Her disease will threaten the health of her children.
D. She already has enough children.
57. Why did the author stop seeing doctor Strubs after two visits? .
A. Because she not qualified to treat her disease.
B. Because he recommended Dr.Kirkstein to her.
C. Because his cold attitude upset the author.
D. Because she suspected his diagnosis about her disease.
58. How did the author deal with the disease?
A. She calmly waited for major organs to shut down.
B. she took effective medicine regularly to fight the disease.
C. She turned to Dr. Kirstein to get cure for the disease
D. She tried to strengthen immune system and drew strength from family.
59. Why did the author think every day in the past 8 years was a gift?
A. Because systemic lupus was no longer a deadly disease.
B. Because she made every day valuable in spite of disease
C. Because she received a gift every day from her family
D. Because she only occasionally felt pain and tiredness.
【答案】56. A 57. C 58. D 59. B
【解析】
本文是一篇记叙文。文章主要讲述作者虽然在过去的八年被认为是有疾病，但是她使每一天都过的有意义。
【56题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第一段I remember certain details but mostly I remember him talking about children. “Children are no harm. But childbirth would jumpstart additional symptoms that could be life threatening. You already have two kids anyway.”可知，Dr. Strubs认为作者分娩会引发可能危及生命的其他症状。故选A。
【57题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第五段How could one endure repeatedly hear desperately words coming from an emotionless mouth even though they were truth?作者无法忍受反复听到医生从一个没有感情的嘴里说出绝望的话语，可知，医生冷淡的态度使作者感到不安。故选C。
【58题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第四段I studied and found out that echinacea had a record in making immune system stronger. I decided that along with the plant I would strengthen my mindset by immersing myself in my family with my one-year-old son and three-year-old daughter.可知，作者用紫锥菊来增强自己增强免疫系统并融入家庭、强化心态，从家庭中汲取力量。故选D。
【59题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章最后一段But then I realized that I had been living every day, not so much in fear, but happiness Even day was a gift and I knew it.可知，作者意识到，活着的每一天，并不是那么恐惧，而是快乐，甚至每一天都是一份礼物，从而推断出，尽管疾病缠身，但她让每一天都变得有价值。故选B。
(B)
While faking and fierce looks are among animals great defenses, many species know that everyone runs from a big stink(臭气)too.
Vulture(秃鸳)
Vultures, are street sweepers that feast on the rotting flesh of dead animals, which benefits us by ridding our highways and landscapes of animal bodies and the bacteria they might carry. When vultures feel threatened they vomit, and the smell of vomited-on dead bodies puts of most predators. Throwing up allows the vulture to fly away more quickly-and the vomit can hurt the aggressor's eyes and face.
Opossum(负鼠)
In some ways opossums have it easy. In order to become “dead", they don’t have to fax anyone a death certificate. They just lie there with their tongues hanging out with the smell of dead flesh, sometimes for hours, effectively convincing potential predators they can find a much fresher meal elsewhere. Even if they keep getting attacked, they won't move any more than a human statue until the threat has passed.
Hoatzin(磨雉)
Hold your nose and meet the hoatzin, a bird of distinctions, not the least of which is that it smells like fresh cow shit. The animal mostly eats leaves and it's the only bird known to digest by fermentation, like a cow. This process is what causes its smell and has earned it the nickname the “stink bird
Millipedes (千足虫)
Millipedes are tricky. For starters they look wormy. Their name is deceptive, too: Their legs number about 750. Their major defense is to curl up into a ball. They, though, also release a harm eyes, and leave a horrible smell on their attackers.
Sea Hare(海兔)
The graceful sea hare is plain in taste in the first place, so it's not the most popular dish in the seafood chain. Nonetheless this type of sea creature has a pretty creative smell-related defense that is almost the opposite of its smelly companions on this list. The sea hare gives out a slimy, purple ink, the substance which makes food less palatable to predators.
Researchers using lobsters(2-f)as model predators found that the sea blocks the lobsters receptive mechanism. In other words, the sea hare gives its attacker the equivalent of a stuffy nose so they don't know how appealing it is.
60. The sea hare defends itself from predators by ____.
A. becoming plain in taste at the discovery of a predator
B. giving out purple ink to make itself invisible to predators
C. releasing substance to make predators unable to smell it
D. giving off smelly gas to try to drive predators away.
61. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The vulture carries bacteria so that predators dare not get close to it.
B. The opossum fakes its death to avoid being targeted by predators.
C. The hoatzin eats cow shit so that it is nick-named as “stink bird
D. The gas released by millipede was basically harmless
62. The species that enjoys more than one defense mechanism is____.
A. vulture
B. opossum
C. millipede
D. sea hare
【答案】60. C 61. B 62. C
【解析】
本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍一些野生动物是如何进行自身防御的。
【60题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段The sea hare gives out a slimy, purple ink, the substance which makes food less palatable to predators.可知，海兔身上散发出黏糊糊的紫色墨水，这种物质使得捕食者对食物不那么感兴趣，从而保护自己免受捕食者的伤害。故选C。
【61题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章第三段In order to become “dead", they don’t have to fax anyone a death certificate. They just lie there with their tongues hanging out with the smell of dead flesh, sometimes for hours, effectively convincing potential predators they can find a much fresher meal elsewhere.可知，负鼠假装死亡，让捕食者在其他地方找到更新鲜的食物，以避免成为捕食者的目标。故选B。
【62题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第五段Their major defense is to curl up into a ball. They, though, also release a harm eyes, and leave a horrible smell on their attackers.可知，千足虫主要防守是蜷成一团。然而，它们也会释放出有害的眼睛，并在攻击者身上留下可怕的气味。从而可以推断出，千足虫是拥有多种防御机制的物种。故选C。
(C)
ARCHAEOLOGISTS(考古学家) GUIDED BY laser images of a remote region of northern Guatemala have discovered 20-foot-high walls, watchtowers, and other evidence that ancient Maya societies had been annoyed by warfare threat over many years. The finds have upended long-established impressions of a civilization that it tamed the jungle and built thriving cities,then declined and disappeared quietly beneath the dense tropical forest.
Among the most surprising discoveries was a large stone complex now called La Cuemavilla. Built on a steep ridge, the heavily fortified site included high walls. Moats which serves as the largest defensive system ever discovered in the region.
This was surprising says an archaeologist, "because we had a tendency to romanticize Maya warfare as something that was largely ritualized. But the fortifications were seeing suggest an elevated level of antagonism over centuries. Rulers were so deeply alarmed that they felt the need to invest in all these hilltop fortifications. There is an almost visible sense of fear in this landscape.
All these findings owe credit to PACUNAM LIDAR Initiative, a laser survey of some 800 square miles of the Maya Biosphere Reserve in northern Guatemala. Using revolutionary Laser technology, the survey revealed the long-hidden ruins of a sprawling pre-Columbian civilization that was far more complex and interconnected than most Maya specialists had supposed.
Guided by the new Laser treasure maps, the LIDAR team deployed through the jungle over the past year to conduct hands-on investigations of more than a dozen of the most promising sites-most of which would have been imperceptible without LIDAR.
"You could walk over the top of a major ruin and miss it, "says an archaeologist who's part of the PACUNA project. But LIDAR picks up the patterns and makes the features pop out with surprising clarity.
Three-dimensional maps generated by the survey yielded surprises even at Tikal, the largest and most extensively explored archaeological site in Guatemala. The ancient city was at least four times bigger than previously thought, and surrounded by a massive ditch and fortified base stretching for miles.
Archaeologists stress that LIDAR, for all its utility, will never see below the ground or yield direct dates of occupation. “we still need to dig and hack our way through the jungle, but now we have a very accurate map to guide us.
63. How did people think of Maya before the discovery of the defense ruins?
A. It was the most advanced civilization in the history of mankind.
B. It was long under the threat of large-scale wars
C. Its rise and decline were under way peacefully
D. It was finally destroyed by a large-scale war
64. The underlined word antagonism is closest in meaning to ____.
A. misery
B. revolution
C. population decrease
D. opposition
65. Which of the following statements is TRUE according to the passage?
A. The military mechanism found in La Cuemavilla was intended for occupying more lands.
B. The new laser technology was mainly used to enlarge the original site size.
C. The LIDAR helps to avoid the traditional digging task in site exploration.
D. The Tikal site was found to be protected by certain defense works
66. The passage is mainly about ____.
A. people' s long-time misunderstanding of Maya civilization.
B. discovery of Maya military works aided by new explore technology
C. the finding of a big warfare resulting in the disappearance of Maya civilization
D. The various advantages of new technologies in the field of archaeology.
【答案】63. C 64. D 65. D 66. B
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇科普类短文阅读。文章主要讲了在新科技的帮助下发现玛雅军工厂。
【63题详解】
推理判断题。根据文章第一段The finds have upended long-established impressions of a civilization that it tamed the jungle and built thriving cities, then declined and disappeared quietly beneath the dense tropical forest.可知，发现颠覆了长久以来人们对文明的印象。文明曾驯服丛林，建设繁荣的城市，然后衰落，静静地消失在茂密的热带森林之下。从而可以推断出，在发现防御遗址之前，人们都认为玛雅的崛起和衰落都是和平进行的。故选C。
【64题详解】
词义猜测题。根据文章第三段This was surprising says an archaeologist, "because we had a tendency to romanticize Maya warfare as something that was largely ritualized.考古学家一切倾向于把玛雅战争浪漫化，认为它在很大程度上是仪式化的，及转折词but 提示，可知，这些防御工事表明，几个世纪以来双方的对抗程度有所上升。从而猜测出antogonism 在文中是“对抗；敌对”的意思。故选D。
【65题详解】
细节理解题。根据文章倒数第二段Three-dimensional maps generated by the survey yielded surprises even at Tikal, the largest and most extensively explored archaeological site in Guatemala. The ancient city was at least four times bigger than previously thought, and surrounded by a massive ditch and fortified base stretching for miles.可知，蒂卡尔遗址被一条巨大的壕沟和绵延数英里的防御基地所包围，受其保护。故选D。
【66题详解】
主旨大意题。根据文章第一段ARCHAEOLOGISTS(考古学家) GUIDED BY laser images of a remote region of northern Guatemala have discovered 20-foot-high walls, watchtowers, and other evidence that ancient Maya societies had been annoyed by warfare threat over many years. The finds have upended long-established impressions of a civilization that it tamed the jungle and built thriving cities,then declined and disappeared quietly beneath the dense tropical forest.及其全文可知，本文主要讲了在新科技的帮助下发现玛雅军工厂。故选B。
【点睛】阅读理解通常都会出现词义猜测题，要求考生从上下文理解中概括出生词或短语的词义。考生作此类题型时，首先要找到所猜测词所在文章的位置，然后在理解文章大意的基础之上，对此词前后句反复研读，最后根据前后句猜测出词义。例如小题2要求猜测出antogonism的含义，就是根据文章第三段This was surprising says an archaeologist, "because we had a tendency to romanticize Maya warfare as something that was largely ritualized.考古学家一切倾向于把玛雅战争浪漫化，认为它在很大程度上是仪式化的，及转折词but 提示，可知，这些防御工事表明，几个世纪以来双方的对抗程度有所上升。从而猜测出antogonism 在文中是“对抗；敌对”的意思。
Section C
Directions: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.
Recently, in the quest for a selfie(自拍), a woman climbed over the concrete barrier of a Jaguar(美洲虎) enclosure at Wildlife World Zoo, Arizona. The jaguar ripped into her arm. Bystanders pulled her away before the animal could injure her further. She's fine-so is the jaguar.
This isn’t the first time a story of a person acting rudely to get close to a wild animal made headlines. Last year. a man jumped into a lion enclosure at a zoo for a close-up photo. ___67___Multiple tourists in Yellowstone National Park have been attacked by bison(野牛) when they’ve gotten too close for a photo.
It's common sense not to get close to wild animals that can hurt you. It's why zoos have barriers -sometimes multiple walls-to keep people separated from animals. Signs posted everywhere state the obvious warning. Keep your hands off the cage.
"Yet animals have become less real to us, " says an environmentalist. We see exotic animals most frequently in managed settings like zoos. ___68___ People are trying to take advantage of their rarity to show off on social media and ignore their fierceness.
Media often normalize interaction with dangerous animals. Seeing a man like "Lion Whisperer" Kevin Richardson regularly play-fight with lions on TV, may send the message that these animals aren't so dangerous after all.
Social media are also perfectly positioned to contribute to the rise of animal selfies. Getting likes and comments provide instant satisfaction. Your self-esteem actually gets a temporary boost. To hold onto that feeling, people may go to more and more extremes to showcase the most exciting versions of themselves. It may not be enough to get a photo of a beautiful, dangerous animal from outside a cage. ___69___
People' s careless approach can put the animal's safety at risk as well. Zoo animals often must be killed to protect the person who’s entered their space. In fact, thrill-seekers actively endanger the lives of animals. ___70___with the zoo environment, they take it for granted that animals are there for people, ignoring the fact that animals and humans are both equal existents in the nature.
A. The animals, to some extent, become tools to us.
B. Although violence against zoo animals is often reported, the issue of animal welfare has aroused little attention recently.
C. By taking a selfie, you show that you're part of that experience.
D. The comparison between caged animals and wild ones are appealing to people.
E. Similar incidents are a regular occurrence in natural settings.
F. The common factor is that some people are not respecting animal.
【答案】67. E 68. A
69. C 70. F
【解析】
本文是一篇社会类短文阅读。文章主要陈述人类想当然地认为动物是为人类而存在的，忽略了动物和人类在自然界中是平等存在的。
【67题详解】
根据前句Last year. a man jumped into a lion enclosure at a zoo for a close-up photo. 和后句Multiple tourists in Yellowstone National Park have been attacked by bison(野牛) when they’ve gotten too close for a photo.所列举的两个例子可知，人们为了拍照靠近野生动物这种类似的事情是频繁发生的。故选E。
【68题详解】
根据该段第一句Yet animal have become less real to us然而，动物对我们来说已经变得不那么真实了，和后句People are trying to take advantage of their rarity to show off on social media and ignore their fierceness.人们利用它们的稀有性在社交媒体上炫耀，可知，在某种程度上，动物对我们来说成了工具。故选A。
【69题详解】
根据前句It may not be enough to get a photo of a beautiful, dangerous animal from outside a cage.从笼子外面拍一张美丽、危险的动物照片已经不够了。所以自然而然引出，通过拍一张自拍，你可以展示你是那次经历的一部分。故选C。
【70题详解】
根据上下文可知，上文人们的所作所为以及下文with the zoo environment, they take it for granted that animals are there for people, ignoring the fact that animals and humans are both equal existents in the nature.动物为人而存在这种理所当然的想法，忽略了人类和动物在自然界是平等存在的想法，都证明了一些人正在不尊重动物。故选F。
IV Summary Writing
71.Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s)of the passage in no more than 60 words, Use your own words as far as possible.
Peter woke up one morning with all the usual signs of a nasty cold: severe headache and blocked nose. Then he did what almost everyone does on a day like this. He got up and went to work. Such is the state of what the human resources industry has come to call presenteeism.
Many experts claim that presenteeism is now a bigger problem in the UK than absenteeism and could even help explain the country’s weak productivity growth. A growing number of companies are realizing presenteeism and doing something about it. This generally takes the form of programmes full of once unimaginable sweets: cheap gym membership, veggie salads in the canteen, stand-up desks and the odd massage. of course, there’s nothing against lunchtime dentistry or free workout. They do more good than harm. But such welfares alone won't do much to stop people from presenteeism.
The chief reasons why people soldier on have nothing to do with how fit they are. They work for leaner, more stressed companies where dismissals are common. This makes some people worried that they will be targeted in the next round of job cut if they have taken a lot of time off. Others worry about troubling stretched colleagues with more work in their absence. How annoying it is to be faced with cold faces when you return to office after two days' rest at home.
There is not much to be said for "silly things" like ping-pong tables and office bean bags. The key to dealing with presenteeism lies in training managers to be better at spotting swifly when employees are under too much stress or ill, and dealing with the situation sensibly---putting the sick employee to sick leave although he is reluctant. Of course, work has to be done to eliminate employee's concern about his job prospect thereof.
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】Presenteeism, going to work when ill, though common in the UK, harms productivity. The responsive staff benefits companies offer are of no avail to solve the problem. The real reasons lie in sick employees’ fear of potential layoff and concern about additional workload on colleagues.
The solution depends on management’s timely detection of presenteeism and strategic compulsory leave mechanism.
【解析】
【分析】
本文是一篇社会类短文阅读。文章主要介绍了出勤主义的危害、原因及解决办法。
【详解】第一段讲“出勤主义(presenteeism)”是一种什么情况即人们在生病的情况下还要上班的情况；第二段讲出勤主义的危害，以及公司提供的福利对解决出勤主义的问题并没有什么帮助；第三段讲存在出勤主义主要原因，第四段讲了根本性解决问题的办法。总结需要围绕这四方面展开，抓住要点，缺一不可。故答案为Presenteeism, going to work when ill, though common in the UK, harms productivity. The responsive staff benefits companies offer are of no avail to solve the problem. The real reasons lie in sick employees’ fear of potential layoff and concern about additional workload on colleagues. The solution depends on management’s timely detection of presenteeism and strategic compulsory leave mechanism.
第Ⅱ卷(共40分)
V. Translation
Directions: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.
72. 暴饮暴食被一些人认为是缓解工作压力的手段。( regard)
_____________________
73. 让我印象最深的是，单身女性已成购房新军。( impress)
_____________________
74. 他对大家的警告充耳不闻，执意在如此恶劣的天气驾车上山。( insist)
_____________________
75. 在春节期间，许多服务行业的企业都面临着用工荒的问题，大大阻碍了行业的发展。(face)
_____________________
【答案】72. Overeating is regarded by some as a way to relieve work pressure.
73. What impresses me most is that single women have emerged as new buyers for house property.
74. He turned a deaf ear to people’s warnings and insisted on driving up the hill in such bad weather.
75. During the spring festival, many enterprises in service industry are facing the problem of labour shortage, which greatly blocks the development of the industry.
【解析】
考查翻译。要求考生根据中文含义及括号中所给的词将中文翻译成英文。
【72题详解】
考查短语。regard…as…认为……是……。“暴饮暴食”的表达为“overeating”，“缓解工作压力的手段”可以翻译为“a way to relieve work pressure.”。故填Overeating is regarded by some as a way to relieve work pressure.
【73题详解】
考查名词性从句、现在完成时和impress sb 令某人印象深刻。这句话首先要选一个主语从句作为句子的结构，其次不可忽略“印象最深”的“最”，必须把most翻译出来。此外，“购房新军”的表达也是一个注意事项，这个时候需要意译。故填What impresses me most is that single women have emerged as new buyers for house property.
【74题详解】
考查insist的用法。“insist on doing sth”和turn a deaf ear to “充耳不闻”的翻译。在翻译的时候可以用“he”做主语，然后并列两个动词。注意驾车上山的表达为drive up the hill. 故填He turned a deaf ear to people’s warnings and insisted on driving up the hill in such bad weather.
【75题详解】
考查face的用法和非限制性定语从句。这句话中后半部分大大阻碍了行业的发展的主语时前半部分所叙述的情况，所以需要用非限制性定语从句“which”来引导，指代主句的全部内容。此外，注意“用工荒”的表达以及逐项对照翻译，确保没有漏译的情况。故填During the spring festival, many enterprises in service industry are facing the problem of labour shortage, which greatly blocks the development of the industry.
VI. Guided Writing
76.Directions: Write an English composition in 120—150 words according to the instructions given below in Chinese.
日前，一社会机构对“高中生认为最有用的手机app类型”进行调查，结果如下:
最有用的app类型
参与调查的高中生人数占比
社交类app
45%
游戏类app
32%
学习类app
12%
其他
11%
请简单描述以上数据，并结合自身实际，谈谈你对这一调查结果的看法。
(文中不得出现考生姓名，学校等真实信息)
______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】These days, a social organization is conducting a survey of the most useful mobile apps for senior high school students.As can be easily seen from the above figure,the number of the students participating in the survey who chose social app and game app accounts for 45% and 32% while those who chose learning app and others accounts for only 12 % and 11%.It is not a good trend but a disturbing one. What is the real reason behind it?
As far as I’m concerned,with the rapid development of mobile technology,a wide variety of phones are available at a less expensive price within people of all ages,particularly for high school students. For one,it not only provides them with easy access to knowledge on the internet but also makes it much easier for them to communicate with each other whenever and wherever they want.
Nevertheless, in my opinion,for students what matters most at present is that they should try their hard to focus on study rather than social interaction and games,using their learning apps to the full.Only when you realize it is wrong to do so can you spare no efforts to make gradual progress in study and achieve success in the end.
【解析】
【分析】
本题属于图表作文，要求考生简单描述以上数据，并结合自身实际，谈谈对这一调查结果的看法。
【详解】本篇书面表达属于图表类作文，根据提示信息：社会机构对“高中生认为最有用的手机app类型”进行调查，根据其调查结果，简单描述以上数据，并结合自身实际，谈谈对这一调查结果的看法。写作时注意以下几点：1、仔细阅读有关提示，弄清试题提供的所有信息，明确要点；2、图表是文章的总体框架，要在图表的范围内进行分析、构思和想象。要依据提示情景或词语，按照一定逻辑关系来写，写作时可以按照要点所给的顺序写。3、根据要表达的内容确定句子的时态、语态，就本文而言应该用一般现在时态。4、注意使用高级词汇和句式，以增加文童的亮点。
【点睛】本文结构紧凑，层次分明，而且使用了多种表达：participate in, account for, As far as I’m concerned, with the rapid development of, communicate with, in the end；还运用句型：As can be easily seen from the above figure, the number of the students participating in the survey who chose social app and game app accounts for 45% and 32% while those who chose learning app and others accounts for only 12 % and 11%.It is not a good trend but a disturbing one.这句话运用了定语从句；For one, it not only provides them with easy access to knowledge on the internet but also makes it much easier for them to communicate with each other whenever and wherever they want.这句话运用名词性从句；Only when you realize it is wrong to do so can you spare no efforts to make gradual progress in study and achieve success in the end.这句话运用了倒装结构等。并注意了句子的衔接如and，but，while，Nevertheless等等。
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