2020学年中考英语语法专题复习 考点（五）：动词的非谓语结构及用法
展开2021年中考英语语法专题考点（五）：动词的非谓语结构及用法
复习目标：
1、什么是非谓语动词？
2、非谓语动词的含义、形式和用法各是怎样的？
3、初中阶段常见的非谓语动词搭配
一. 非谓语动词的含义：
非谓语动词是指在句子中不是谓语的动词，主要包括不定式、动名词和分词（现在分词和过去分词），即动词的非谓语形式。非谓语动词除了不能独立作谓语外，可以承担句子的其他成分。
二. 非谓语动词的形式及用法：
非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。具体形式如下：
一、动词不定式
1. 动词不定式作宾语。
1) 在动词 want ,hope,would like,decide,wish, choose,try ,need 等后常用动词不定式作宾语。
I hope (hear)from you soon .
2) think/find/feel/make it + adj + to do sth
He found it difficult (get) to sleep. 3).stop to do sth / stop doing sth
stop to do sth 停下来去做某事
After working for a long time , He has to stop (have ) a rest .
stop doing sth 停止正在做的事。
He was very tired , so he had to stop (work).
2. 动词不定式作宾语补。
1). 带 to 的不定式作宾补的动词有：
ask / like /would like /teach /tell /want /help +sb +to do sth
Please ask him (come) quickly.
2). 省掉 to 的不定式作宾补的动词有：let /make / hear /see /notice /have/watch+sb +do sth 注：省掉 to 的不定式的句子变被动语态时，需要还原 to .
He made the baby (stop) crying .
The baby was made (stop) crying.
3. 动词不定式作主语
1). 动词不定式常可用作句子的主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。
2). 常用 it 作形式主语，而将不定式放在句子后面。
To do sth +谓语动词+adj /n = It +谓语动词+adj / n + to do sth
To get an injection is a little painful .
= It’s a little painful to get an injection
4. 动词不定式作定语
动词不定式作定语放在被修饰词之后名词或代词+to do(介词)
注：若构成的不定式的动词为不及物动词时，其后加上相应的介词。
I want a pen to write with.
I want a piece of paper to write on.
5. 动词不定式与疑问词连用疑问词+ to do sth
注：在宾语从句中，若主从句的主语一致时，宾语从句可简化为“疑问词+to do sth”. Can you tell me how I can get to the hospital ?
= Can you tell me how to get to the hospital.
6. 动词不定式可作状语
1). 动词不定式可作目的状语
在 come / go / leave 后面接动词不定式作目的状语。
He came here (get)his book.
2). 动词不定式可作原因状语
表语形容词（sorry/sad/happy/ glad /afraid/ pleased）后与动词不定式连用作原因状语He was glad (see) his wife.
3). 动词不定式可作结果状语
在 too…to …, not …enough to …句型中的动词不定式作结果状语。
He was too tired (walk) on .
7. 动词不定式作表语be + to do sth
注：动词不定式作表语可以和主语的位置互换，且常表将来。
Her wish is (become) a doctor .
= is her wish .
8. 动词不定式的否定形式
在动词不定式的前面加 not .
He told me (not stay) here .
9. 动词不定式符号的省略和保留情况。
1).动词不定式符号的省略情况
若两个或两个以上的不定式并列时，第一个不定式符号不能省略，其余的省掉 to .但两者有对比关系时，to 都不能省略。
Edison’s mother taught him to write and read .
I haven’t decided to go home or to go to the cinema.
2)省掉不定式而保留动词不定式符号to的情况。
—Will you take a walk with me ? —I’m glad to .
—Would you like to join my birthday party ? —I would love to .
二、动名词
1. 动名词相当于一个名词，作主语时，谓语动词用单数。
Reading in bed (be) bad for your eyes.
2. 有些动词或动词短语后面，只能接动名词作宾语。
三、现在分词
1. 现在分词常放在see, hear ,watch ,notice 等之后作宾补。
I saw the boy (play)in the street just now .
2. 现在分词作定语常放在被修饰词之前，现在分词短语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。
A sleeping baby = a baby who is sleeping . Did you know the man talking to Mr Li?=
Did you know the man who was talking to Mr Li?
3. 现在分词表伴随情况
He came into the classroom ,carrying a book.
四、过去分词
1. 作宾补
have /get +sth +done 表示请别人干某事I had my TV repaired last night .
2. 作定语
单一的过去分词作定语，要放在被修饰词的前面，过去分词短语作定语要放在被修饰词的后面，相当于一个定语从句。
Have you ever read any books written by Luxun?
= Have you ever read any books which were written by Luxun?
3. 作表语 过去分词作表语已经形容词化
My cup is broken .
