高中英语北师大版 (2019)必修 第三册Lesson 2 Greening the Desert巩固练习

Unit 8 Green Living Lesson 2 Greening the Desert——2021-2022学年高一英语北师大版（2019）必修第三册同步课时作业

一、填空

1.He won't be c_____ until he's upset everyone in the office.

2.How do you manage to stay so s_____?

3.An accident involving over ten vehicles has o_____ in the east-bound lane.

4.She was gazing at him with a soft, ______ (满意的) smile on her face.

5.It's the 13th fastest growing ______ (县) in the country in population over the past six years.

6.They decided to extend the ______ (当前的) UN humanitarian program without change.

7.Mike Crilley, one of the ______ (组织者) of the graffiti wall project, promotes the positive side of graffiti and runs workshops for local children.

8.He also noted that this trend would be most evident in the Auckland ______ (地区).

9.As a ______ (以前的) heavyweight champion, he recorded 44 knockouts during his 50-fight career.

10.The development of the food industry depends on the development of ______ (农业).

二、七选五

    Migration (迁徙), is a long journey carried out by some birds to other areas where they hope to find more food and a warmer place to spend the winter. A hundreds or thousands of miles' journey is actually difficult and dangerous. So why do birds migrate? ① _____ However, it all comes down to survival.

    Migrating for a Meal

    For all birds, one of the main driving forces behind migration is food shortage. If all birds were to stay in the same warm regions all the year round, food would become lacking and producing their young would be less successful. As food resources are rich in the north each spring, millions of birds migrate there for the food supplies. ②_____

    Migrating for Families

    Over thousands of years, birds have evolved different migration patterns, timing a destination to fly around the world to produce their young. Birds take advantage of a wide variety of suitable conditions to raise their young. ③_____

    Migrating for Climate

    Birds have evolved different types of feathers to survive different climates. ④_____ So many birds leave the Arctic producing grounds, for example, when temperatures begin to fall and they need warmer habitats. Similarly, the hottest regions can be a bad environment for raising little chicks, and they will choose cooler areas to lay eggs.

    Migrating for Predators (捕食性动物)

    Habitats that have rich food resources all the year round also attract a greater number of predators that can threaten their nests. ⑤_____ It gives their young a better chance of reaching maturity. Many birds even migrate to particular habitats that are nearly inaccessible to predators.

A.Birds always tend to fly to warmer places.

B.And changes in those climates can affect migration.

C.This increases the surviving chances of little chicks.

D.Birds have adapted themselves to their own surroundings.

E.There is more than one reason for different birds to migrate.

F.As the food supplies decrease in fall, they return to warm regions.

G.Therefore, birds migrate to different habitats to avoid being eaten by predators.

三、阅读理解

   Scientists say they have developed a system that uses machine learning to predict when and where lightning will strike. Researchers report the system is able to predict lightning strikes up to 30 minutes before they happen within a 30-kilometre radius.

    Lightning is a strong burst of electricity in the atmosphere. Since it carries extremely powerful electric charge, it can be destructive and deadly. European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. For this reason, climate scientists have long sought to develop methods of predicting lightning.

    The system tested in the experiments used a combination of data from weather stations and machine learning methods. The researchers developed a prediction model that was trained to recognise weather conditions that were likely to cause lightning.

    The model was created with the data collected over a 12-year period from 12 Swiss weather stations in cities and mountain areas. The data, related to four main surface conditions: air pressure, air temperature, relative humidity and wind speed, was placed into a unique machine learning algorithm(算法), which compared it to the records of lightning strikes. Researchers say the algorithm was then able to learn the conditions under which lightning would happen.

    The researchers tested the system several times. They found that the system made predictions that proved correct almost 80 percent of the time. "It can now be used anywhere," the Swiss Federal Institute of Technology said in a statement.

    The researchers plan to keep developing the technology in partnership with a European effort that aims to create a lightning protection programme. The effort is called the European Laser Lightning Rod project. Scientists working on the project are experimenting with the laser technology that could someday control lightning activity, transferring lightning charge from clouds to the ground. They hope that such technology can one day be used as protection against lightning strikes. Possible uses could be at stations, airports or places where crowds of people gather.

1.Why was the system developed?
A.To show the power of lightning. 

B.To meet kids' curiosity about lightning.
C.To protect people from lightning. 

D.To keep track of deaths caused by lightning strikes.
2.What is special about the system?
A.It adopted a different machine learning algorithm.
B.It used an effective method of collecting data.
C.It was based on a number of samples worldwide.
D.It required the low cost of predicting lightning.
3.What will the researchers do next with the laser technology?
A.Generate electricity with lightning. B.Transfer energy from lightning.
C.Monitor lightning activity. D.Prevent the occurrence of lightning.
4.What can be a suitable title for the text?
A.A Theory of Employing Lightning B.A Model of Creating Lightning
C.A System of Controlling Lightning D.A Method of Forecasting Lightning

答案以及解析

一、填空

1.答案：contented

2.答案：slim

3.答案：occurred

4.答案：contented

5.答案：county

6.答案：current

7.答案：organisers

8.答案：region

9.答案：former

10.答案：agriculture

二、七选五

答案：①-⑤ EFCBG

解析：①上文提示"那么为什么鸟类会迁徙呢?"，E项"There is more than one reason for different birds to migrate.（不同鸟类迁徙的原因不止一个。）"承接上文。故选E。

②上文提示"由于每年春天北方的食物资源丰富，所以数以百万计的鸟迁徙到那里寻找食物供应"，F项"As the food supplies decrease in fall, they return to warm regions.（随着秋天食物供应的减少，它们回到温暖的地区。）"承接上文，故选F。

③上文提示"鸟类利用各种各样的适宜条件来养育后代"，C项"This increases the surviving chances of little chicks.（这增加了幼鸟的生存机会。）"承接上文，故选C。

④上文提示"鸟类进化出不同类型的羽毛以在不同的气候中生存下来"，下文提示"例如，当气温开始下降，它们需要更温暖的栖息地时，许多鸟类离开北极的繁育地"，所以B项"And changes in those climates can affect migration.（那些气候的变化会影响迁徙。）"符合语境，故选B。

⑤上文提示"全年都有丰富食物资源的栖息地也吸引了更多的捕食者，这些捕食者会威胁到它们的巢穴"，下文提示"这使它们的后代有更好的机会长到成年"，所以G项Therefore, birds migrate to different habitats to avoid being eaten by predators.（所以鸟类迁徙到不同的栖息地以避免被捕食者吃掉。）承接上下文，故选G。

三、阅读理解

答案：1-4.CABD
解析：1.推理判断题。根据第二段中的European researchers have estimated that between 6,000 and 24,000 people are killed by lightning worldwide each year. For this reason, climate scientists have long sought to develop methods of predicting lightning.可知,每年有许多人被闪电击中身亡,因此科学家们长期以来都在寻找预测闪电的方法,由此可知该系统的发明是为了保护人们,使人们避开闪电带来的危险。故选C项。
2.细节理解题。根据第四段中的The data... was placed into a unique machine learning algorithm可知,该系统使用了一个独一无二的机器学习算法,这是它的独特之处。故选A项。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段第三句Scientists working on the project are experimenting with the laser technology that could someday control lightning activity, transferring lightning charge from clouds to the ground.可知,科学家们想利用激光技术将闪电中的电荷直接从云层传输到地面,故选B项。
4.主旨大意题。本文主要介绍了一种可以预测闪电的系统,它可以用来保护人们免受闪电的伤害,故选D项。