2021_2022学年新教材高中英语语法精讲2简单句并列句和复合句课件+学案译林版必修第一册

简单句、并列句和复合句

1．简单句：只含有一个主谓结构。简单句有五种基本句型。

(1)主语＋不及物动词(主谓)

❶He swims.他游泳。

❷The girl is drinking.女孩在喝水。

(2)主语＋及物动词＋宾语(主谓宾)

❸Children often sing this song.孩子们经常唱这首歌。

(3)主语＋连系动词＋表语(主系表)

❹The bike is new.这辆自行车是新的。

❺The map is on the wall.地图在墙上。

(4)主语＋及物动词＋间接宾语(人)＋直接宾语(物)(主谓双宾)

❻She showed her friends all her pictures.

她向她的朋友们展示了她所有的照片。

(5)主语＋及物动词＋宾语＋宾语补足语(主谓复宾)

❼We keep our classroom clean.我们保持我们的教室干净。

[特别注意]　简单句只有一个主谓结构。简单句可以有两个或更多的主语，也可以有两个或更多的谓语，但是句子中的主谓结构只有一个。

Computers mean a lot to human beings and are paid more and more attention to by people.计算机对人类意义重大，并越来越受到人们的关注。(两个谓语，一个主语)

2．并列句：由并列连词把两个或两个以上的简单句连在一起的句子，叫并列句。

常见的连词

(1)表示并列关系：and，not only...but also...，neither...nor...等。

(2)表示转折或对比关系：but，yet, while, whereas(然而，反之)等。

(3)表示因果关系：for，so等。

(4)表示选择关系：or，either...or...等。

❶I'm going to write good jokes and become a good comedian.

我要创作出好的笑话并且成为一个优秀的喜剧演员。

❷I have travelled to many places, but I still want to visit more.

我已经去很多地方旅游过了，但是我还想游览更多的地方。

❸While Tom's very good at science, his brother is absolutely hopeless.汤姆很擅长理科，而他的兄弟绝对是不可救药。

❹I'd like to know the class size for I prefer a small class.

我想知道班级的规模，因为我更喜欢人数较少的小班。

❺They have different ideas, so they have solved the problem in different ways.他们有不同的想法，所以他们用不同的方式解决了问题。

❻Shall I send the book to you, or will you come to get it?

我把书邮寄给你，还是你来取？

3．主从复合句

由一个主句和一个或一个以上的从句构成的句子叫主从复合句。主句和从句都具有完整的主语和谓语，但从句只是主句的一个成分，不能独立存在。根据从句在全句中的不同作用，从句可分为定语从句、状语从句和名词性从句(包含主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句)三大类。

(1)定语从句

用来限制、描绘或说明主句中某一个名词或代词(有时也可以说明整个主句或主句中的一部分)而起定语作用的从句叫定语从句。

定语从句包含限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两大类。限制性定语从句对先行词起修饰限制作用，与先行词之间的关系非常密切；非限制性定语从句对先行词起补充说明作用，如果省去也不会影响主句的意思，它和主句之间往往用逗号隔开。

❶He has two sons who work in the same company.

他有两个儿子在同一家公司上班。

❷He failed in the match, which was a great pity.

他在比赛中失败了，这太遗憾了。

(2)名词性从句

名词性从句的功能相当于名词(词组)，在主从复合句中充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语。按其句法功能，名词性从句可分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

❸That he will come to the discussion is certain.

他肯定会来参加讨论的。(主语从句)

❹What I have told you is important.

我告诉你的事很重要。(主语从句)

❺I want to know whether you still work in the factory.

我想知道你是否还在这家工厂工作。(宾语从句)

❻The question is whether we can finish the work by tomorrow.

问题是我们是否能在明天之前完成这项工作。(表语从句)

❼The news that he won the game was incorrect.

他赢得比赛的消息是不实的。(同位语从句)

[联想拓展]　其后常接同位语从句的名词有：fact, fear, hope, idea, news, suggestion, desire, thought, problem, possibility等。

(3)状语从句

在主从复合句中修饰主句中的动词、形容词、副词等的从句叫状语从句。

【随堂自测】

Ⅰ.判断句子结构——简单句、并列句和复合句

1．She was aged six when she first went to school.________________

2．I asked him to come with me and he agreed.________________

3．While there is life there is hope.________________

4．I have never met Carl before, nor have I heard of him.________________

5．You weren't at the meeting yesterday to hear what other people thought about this problem.________________

6．You can either write to me or call me in my office.________________

7．We must hurry, or we'll be late for class.________________

8．A man familiar with the subject can quickly catch the main idea of the lecture.________________

9．You can't count on him for help: he is such a busy man.________________

10．Bill often sleeps late and has no time for breakfast.________________

Ⅱ.判断下列复合句中含有什么从句，并用“(　　)”标出从句。

1．I wondered if it would grow any larger.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

2．We were put into a position in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

3．Only athletes who have reached the agreed standard for their event will be admitted.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

4．Word came that he lost his life in the war to save another soldier.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

5．True friends are who share your happiness as well as sadness.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

6．After that, what happened to the Amber Room remains a mystery.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

7．The judge doesn't consider what each eyewitness looks like.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

8．Native speakers can understand each other even if they don't speak the same kind of English.

________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________

Ⅲ.单句语法填空

1．He was very tired of doing this for a whole day, ________ he felt very happy because the crops grew higher.

2．________ she is very busy, she still devotes a lot of time to her children.

3．He got up early that morning ________ he could attend the meeting on time.

4．I refuse to accept the blame for something ________ was someone else's fault.

5．The new boy looked at the teacher for a few seconds and all the other students wondered ________ the boy would do.

6．My friends walked me to the bus stop and waited with me ________ the bus arrived.

7．Read this story, ________ you will realize that not everything can be bought with money.

8．The hospital was built ________ there had been a square.

9．It was the first time ________ I had come to live and study in a completely strange city.

10．________ I want to tell you is the deep love and respect I have for my parents.

语法精讲②　简单句、并列句和复合句

随堂自测

Ⅰ.

1．复合句　2.并列句　3.复合句　4.并列句　5.复合句

6．并列句　7.并列句　8.简单句　9.并列句　10.简单句

Ⅱ.

1．宾语从句；(if it would grow any larger)　2.定语从句；(in which we had either to accept we were less important, or fight the government)

3．定语从句；(who have reached the agreed standard for their event)　4.同位语从句；(that he lost his life in the war to save another soldier)

5．表语从句；(who share your happiness as well as sadness)　6.主语从句；(what happened to the Amber Room)　7.宾语从句；(what each eyewitness looks like)　8.状语从句；(even if they don't speak the same kind of English)

Ⅲ.

1．but/yet　2.Though/Although/While　3.so　4.that　5.what

6．until/till　7.and　8.where　9.that　10.What