四川省成都市石室中学2022届高考英语寒假安魂提分卷第七套

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2022届高考英语寒假安魂提分卷（七）
第一部分 阅读理解（共两节，满分40分）
第一节 （共15小题；每小题2分，满分30分）
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出最佳选项。
A
An increasing number of students worldwide are considering studying abroad. The application process varies from country to country. If you’re looking for a university with a strong international influence but feel confused about all the application options, here is some guidance to get started.
The U.K.
International students can apply to universities in the U.K. through a system known as UCAS. This system allows students to apply to up to five universities with just one application. It costs $20 for a single choice or £25 for more than one choice.
The application consists of a series of questions to determine students’ schooling and predicted grades. The biggest part of the application form is the personal statement, in which applicants should describe their personal interests and related experiences.
Switzerland
Switzerland has four official languages and borders five countries so it is no surprise that its universities are among the most international in the world. International applicants may need to take an entrance exam if they have a foreign school certificate, and must also prove that they have a good grasp of the French language, usually through taking a language exam. The full application costs 50 Swiss francs for holders of Swiss diplomas and 150 Swiss francs for holders of foreign diplomas.
Canada
International applicants have to write a personal profile as part of their application, which is very similar to the personal statement required for a U.K. university application. Students will also have to prove their English-language competency —there are nine ways to meet the English Language Admission Standard, which are listed on many university’s websites.
Singapore
The process of applying to a Singaporean university is very much alike, but overseas students may be delighted to find that the domestic applicants have to cover the same procedures: filling out an online application form and submitting identification documents, supporting documents and an application fee of $20.
1. Which country requires international applicants to know French well?
A. The U.K. B. Switzerland. C. Canada. D. Singapore.
2. Which part of the application is similar between the U.K. and Canada?
A. The application system. B. The number of universities.
C. The application cost. D. The personal statement.
3. What’s special about the application process in Singapore?
A. Applicants need to pay a lot. B. It is much simpler than elsewhere.
C. It’s no different for native students. D. The competition is even more fierce.
体裁：应用文 题材：介绍说明 主题：国外大学申请程序及要求
【语篇导读】如今全世界越来越多的学生在考虑出国留学，本文介绍了四个国家的大学申请程序及要求。
【长难句分析】International applicants may need to take an entrance exam if they have a foreign school certificate, and must also prove that they have a good grasp of the French language, usually through taking a language exam.
句式分析：本句中主句为International applicants may need to take an entrance exam and must also prove; if they have a foreign school certificate为if引导的条件状语从句；prove后为that引导的宾语从句；usually through taking a language exam为介词短语作状语。
句意：如果有国外学校的毕业证书，国际申请者可能需要参加入学考试，另外还必须证明他们的法语掌握得很好，这一点常常是通过参加语言考试来证明的。
1. B【解析】细节理解题。根据Switzerland部分的and must also prove that they have a good grasp of the French language 可知，瑞士需要国际申请者的法语掌握得很好。故选B项。
2. D【解析】细节理解题。根据Canada部分的第一句可知，加拿大大学所要求填写的个人资料与英国大学所要求的个人陈述类似。故选D项。
3. C【解析】细节理解题。根据Singapore部分的overseas students may be delighted to find that the domestic applicants have to cover the same procedures 可知，在新加坡，国内申请者和海外申请者办理同样的手续。故选C项。
B
At the age of ten, I borrowed a book from the library that had the word “widow” in the title. My mother took away the book, and we went back to the library. I remember how embarrassed I was as my mother explained that I needed reading material that was different from the book.
The librarian was tall and thin with short brown hair. Holding up one elegant finger, she looked down at me and smiled. “Here you are,” she said. “It’s called I Capture the Castle, by Dodie Smith.” I felt I was far too old to read this kind of story. “It’s very different from the books you’ve read,” she said.
I decided to give her the benefit of the doubt. But I was unwilling to believe. I mean, the title alone was strange. I Capture the Castle? It sounded like a bunch of childish kids playing King of the Hill. I took the book home, and started reading. I was attracted. Absolutely attracted, I wanted to be a writer.
I never told the librarian how much that book meant to me. Two weeks ago, I was relaxed in the tea shop when I looked up and saw her. I saw the brown-haired librarian who had changed my life. Sixteen years had passed, but, for a moment, time stood still. She still possessed that beauty. I moved toward her. “You work at the library! You once showed me I Capture the Castle! I’m a writer now! That’s still my favorite book!”
The woman paused and smiled kindly. But then she tipped her brown head. I realized that dementia(痴呆) or something like it had kept her from understanding me. My face flamed. I stepped back. A woman took her by the arm and led her gently away.
As I watched her go, her pace just as light as I remembered it, I wondered how many lives we change without realizing what we do is significant. All that woman had really done was lending me a book, but it had occupied my world.
4. What is the author’s first feeling about the book I Capture the Castle?
A. Boring. B. Mysterious. C. Special. D. Interesting.
5. What does the underlined part in Paragraph 3 probably mean?
A. Trust her temporarily. B. Express thanks to her.
C. Offer her some benefits. D. Give some money to her.
6. What does the book I Capture the Castle mean to the author?
A. It changed his family. B. It made his mother happy.
C. It inspired him to be a writer. D. It taught him how to be a writer.
7. What’s the author’s purpose of writing the text?
A. To tell readers how to influence others. B. To appreciate a book a librarian lent him.
C. To tell the readers an unexpected meeting. D. To show his great appreciation to a librarian.
体裁：记叙文 题材：个人经历 主题：一本书改变了命运
【语篇导读】本文主要讲述的是，一位图书馆管理员给作者推荐了一本书，却无意中改变了作者命运的故事。
4. A【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段第五句“I felt I was far too old to read this kind of story.”和第三段第五句“It sounded like a bunch of childish kids playing King of the Hill.”可知，作者觉得自己已经长大了，可能不适合读这本书，而且这本书的书名听起来像是一群幼稚的孩子在扮演《一家之主》这部动画片中的人物。由此可知，作者最开始感觉这本书很无聊。mysterious 意为“神秘的”；special意为“特别的”；interesting 意为“有趣的”。
5. A 【解析】词义猜测题。根据第三段第二句中“But I was unwilling to believe.”中的But可知，此处语义发生了转折；结合本段最后三句可知，作者刚开始不愿意相信图书管理员的推荐，但还是把这本书带回了家，结果完全被其吸引了。由此可推知，画线部分应表示，当时作者应该是决定“姑且相信”她的推荐。故选A项。
【测训诊断】本题易误选C项。考生若不仔细理解上下文含义，仅仅根据C项中的benefits而容易误选C项。因此在做词义猜测题时，一定要结合画线部分的上下文理解其含义。
6. C【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段最后三句可知，作者把书带回家，开始阅读，结果完全被其吸引了，并立志成为一名作家，因此这本书对作者的意义在于它激励他成为一名作家。
【测训诊断】本题易误选D项。考生容易根据D项中的to be a writer而错选，但D项指的是它教会作者怎样成为作家。结合文意可知，C项（它激励他成为一名作家）符合语境。因此考生在做题时应仔细辨别相似选项。
7. D【解析】推理判断题。通读全文，文章最后一段点明了写作目的，图书馆管理员推荐给作者一本书，却无意中因此改变了作者的命运。由此可推知，作者写这篇文章是为了表达对她的感激之情，故选D项。
C
A child’s early years of language development are important for the basics of school readiness, such as literacy(读写能力) skills and social and emotional growth. In a recent study, Assistant Professor of Psychology at the University of Miami, Lynn Perry and a team of fellow researchers who examined children’s speech communication over the course of a year found that children benefit from conversations with their peers(同龄人) and their teachers. The study examined how language use and development in 2- and 3-year-old children were influenced by what they heard from their teachers and their peers.
“Previous research on language development looked mostly at the role of parent-child communication within a home setting or a lab environment, which means we’re missing a big part of a child’s everyday life — the classroom,” said Perry. “We know that parents’ words are important for children’s development and their performance at school, but we don’t have much research on what happens in the kindergarten or preschool settings.”
Using a device(设备) called a Language Environment Analysis (LENA) recorder, Perry collected hundreds of hours of audio recordings. Children wore the LENA recorder once a week. LENA software then assessed whether the recorded audio was speech or not, and whether the speech came from the child wearing the recorder or from an adult or another child talking to them.
After studying the audio data, Perry found that the speech children heard from other children was positively related to their own language use, meaning children who heard the most from their peers learn more new words and vocalize more during the course of the year. Additionally, there was a positive association between teachers’ talking and children’s language use and development — but only when the teacher talked to the child in a back-and-forth conversation, rather than just talking to the child with no opportunity for the child to respond.
“One important aspect of the study that stands out to me is how important it is to see those conversational turns with teachers, and that back-and-forth conversations are very beneficial for children. We talked to the teachers about the results, and they are very excited about this finding and currently brainstorming additional opportunities to have conversations with children,” added Perry.
8. What does the new study focus on?
A. The influence of talking in the kindergarten on children.
B. The parent-child communication at home or in the lab.
C. The basics of school readiness for preschool children.
D. The ways to improve preschool children’s healthy growth.
9. How did the researchers perform their new study?
A. By observing children in class. B. By conducting a survey of teachers.
C. By communicating with children. D. By recording the children’s speech in class.
10. What does the underlined word “vocalize” in Paragraph 4 mean?
A. Listen. B. Write. C. Speak. D. Read.
11. What should teachers do to develop children’s speech ability according to the text?
A. Encourage children to listen to their own speech.
B. Inspire children to speak more and interact with them.
C. Teach children to write more new words.
D. Teach children to read more books.
体裁：说明文 题材：文化教育 主题：儿童早期的语言使用和发展
【语篇导读】儿童早期的语言发展对他们将来的读写技能以及社会和情感发展具有重要的作用。一项研究表明，教室内的语言交流有助于学龄前儿童语言能力的发展。
【长难句分析】After studying the audio data, Perry found that the speech children heard from other children was positively related to their own language use, meaning children who heard the most from their peers learn more new words and vocalize more during the course of the year.
句式分析：本句主干为Perry found，that引导的是宾语从句，作found的宾语；children heard from other children为省略了关系词的定语从句，先行词为the speech；meaning…为非谓语动词结构作结果状语；who引导的是定语从句，修饰先行词children。
句意：佩里在研究了音频数据后发现，孩子们从其他孩子那里听到的话语与他们自己的语言使用呈正相关，这意味着在这一年中，从同龄人那里听到最多（话语）的孩子学习到更多的新词，说得也更多。
8. A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段中的“The study examined how language use and development in 2- and 3-year-old children were influenced by what they heard from their teachers and their peers.”可知，这项研究测试了2岁和3岁儿童的语言使用和发展是如何受到老师和同龄人所说的话的影响的。由此可知，这项研究的主要内容是集体环境下的交流对学龄前儿童的影响。
9. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知，以前关于语言发展的研究大多着眼于家庭环境或实验室环境中亲子沟通的影响，这意味着研究者错过了孩子日常生活的很大一部分环境——课堂。再结合第三段的内容可知，这项研究主要是通过录下孩子们在课堂上所说的话这一方式进行的。
10. C【解析】词义猜测题。根据画线词所在句中的the speech children heard from other children was positively related to their own language use 可知，研究了音频数据后，佩里发现，孩子们从其他孩子那里听到的话语与他们自己的语言使用呈正相关。结合第一段中的examined children’s speech communication和画线词所在句中的heard可知，这项研究主要是关于孩子的语言交流能力。由此可推知，此处应指，从同龄人那里听到最多话语的孩子，能学习到的新词更多，也会说得更多。故画线词应与speak意义相近。
11. B【解析】推理判断题。根据第四段最后一句可知，教师的谈话与儿童的语言使用和发展之间存在着积极的联系，但只有在教师与儿童互相交谈时，这种积极的联系才存在，而不是教师单方面说，儿童没有机会做出反应。由此可推知，为了发展孩子的语言能力，教师应鼓励孩子多说，并与他们互动。
D
The remains of an ancient ape(猿) found in a Bavarian clay site recently caught people’s eye. According to scientists, they may renew people’s opinions on when humans’ ancestors began standing upright.
An international team of researchers said the fossilized skeleton of a male ape that lived in the humid forests of what is now southern Germany bore a striking resemblance(相似) to modern human bones. In a paper published by the journal Nature, they concluded that the previously unknown species — named Danuvius guggenmosi — could walk on two legs but also climb like an ape.
“The findings raise fundamental questions about our previous understanding of the evolution of the great apes and humans,” said Madelaine Boehme, who led the research.
The question of when apes could walk on two legs has fascinated scientists since Charles Darwin first argued that they were the ancestors of humans. Previous fossil records of apes with an upright move — found in Crete and Kenya — dated only as far back as 6 million years ago. These apes are called Toumai.
Boehme, along with researchers from Bulgaria, Canada and the United States, examined more than 15,000 bones recovered from the found archeological remains. Among the remains they were able to piece together the primate(灵长目动物) fossils belonging to four individuals that lived 11.62 million years ago. The most complete, an adult male, likely stood about 1 meter tall, weighed 31 kilograms and looked similar to modern-day bonobos, a species of chimpanzee.
Like humans, Danuvius had an S-shaped backbone to hold its body upright while standing. Unlike humans, though, it had powerful big toes that would have allowed it to grab branches with its feet easily.
Fred Spoor, a paleontologist at the Natural History Museum in London, called the fossil finds “fantastic” but said they would likely be denied or suspected by others, not least because they could challenge many existing ideas about evolution.
12. Where did the scientists find the bones?
A. Germany. B. Bulgaria. C. Kenya. D. Brazil.
13. What can we infer about the Danuvius?
A. They could make S-shaped tools. B. They were a species of chimpanzee.
C. They lived in Crete and Kenya. D. They existed much earlier than Toumai.
14. How does Spoor feel about the finding?
A. It is the support for evolution. B. It may cause much debate.
C. It is the most fantastic finding. D. It denies the previous ideas.
15. Which of the following would be the best title for the text?
A. The Secrets Revealed From Fossils B. Legend of Human’s Ancestors
C. Findings Against the Theory of Evolution D. The Oldest Example of Upright Ape Found
体裁：说明文 题材：介绍说明 主题：人类祖先何时开始直立行走
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍的是，德国新发现的古代猿猴遗骸刷新了人们对于人类祖先是何时开始直立行走的认知。
12. A【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段和第二段的首句可知，科学家是在德国的拜恩州发现这些骨骼的，故选A项。
13. D【解析】细节理解题。根据第四段第二、三句和第五段第二句的内容可知，Toumai可追溯到600万年前，而Danuvius是在1162万年前，因此Danuvius比Toumai更早出现，故选D项。
14. B【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一句中的called the fossil finds “fantastic” but said they would likely be denied or suspected by others可知，斯普尔认为这样的发现有可能会被其他人否定或质疑，所以可能会引起很多讨论，故选B项。
15. D【解析】主旨大意题。通读全文可知，本文的主旨段落为第一段。第一段讲述的是关于古代猿猴遗骸的新发现改变了人们对于人类的祖先何时开始直立行走的认知；再结合第五段的内容可知，此次发现的遗骸是年代最久远的，故D项最适合作本文的标题。
【方法点拨】如何概括说明文的主旨
概括说明文的主旨时，首先通读首尾段落或各段开头和结尾句找到文章的主旨段落和主旨句。如果没有明显的主旨句，则通过关键词来概括，文中反复出现的词往往就是关键词。如本题通过概括首段内容就能快速把握文章主旨大意。
第二节 （共5小题；每小题2分，满分10分）
根据短文内容，从短文后的选项中选出能填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
The Ways to Help You Stand out in Interviews
Interview preparation has always been one of the most overlooked areas in the employment process. Perhaps you have done all your preparation and visited the company’s website so many times that you know it by heart. 16 Here are some ways to make you stand out.
Leave a positive impression.
17 Once you are inside the room, the main thing to remember is that you need to make eye contact, shake hands confidently and also smile.
Don’t control the conversation.
As someone has remarked, the interview is a dialog. 18 You need to find out how do interviewers view the company and what their goals are. Those can often guide you when you answer their questions.
19
They always ask your greatest weakness. If you don’t respond to them directly, then nobody will believe you. What they want to know is what you learned from a failure. Talk about the strategies to overcome any weakness so that it is always part of your development.
Show your passion and energy.
Most candidates range from being shy to showing off. But what will really make you stand out is your ability to actually convey the passion and the energy to various parts of your work. Yes, you can be modest about these but show that these are steps on the ladder. 20
A. Be frank about your weaknesses.
B. First impression is very important.
C. Be positive about your work experience.
D. But how do you actually do in interviews to get the job?
E. Whatever you do, do not talk too much and lead the interview.
F. These opportunities may come up during the interview, rather than at the end.
G. A great way to stand out is to show confidence, energy and passion for the job.
体裁：说明文 题材：介绍说明 主题：在面试中脱颖而出的方法
【语篇导读】本文主要介绍了使你在面试中脱颖而出的四种方法。
16. D【解析】逻辑推断。前文讲述你可能为面试做的一些准备，后文提出一些使你在面试中脱颖而出的方法，因此设空处应是一句承上启下的句子，承接前文话题的同时需要引出后文。结合选项可知，D项（但是在面试中到底如何做才能得到这份工作呢？）符合语境。
17. B【解析】语境＆复现推断。本段小标题为“Leave a positive impression.”，设空处是本段第一句，应为本段主题句，B项中复现了本段关键词impression并且概括了本段大意：第一印象很重要，故B项符合语境。
18. E【解析】语境＆复现推断。根据本段小标题可知，本段主旨为不要主导谈话，因此整个段落都应围绕这个主题进行阐述。前文的the interview is a dialog提到面试就是一次对话交谈，E项中的talk为本段小标题中的 conversation和空前一句中的dialog的同义复现；此外E项中的do not… lead the interview 为本段小标题“Don’t control the conversation.”的同义复现，故E项（无论你做什么，既不要说得太多，也不要主导这次面试）符合本段主旨。
19. A【解析】语境＆复现推断。根据设空处所在位置可知，此处为该段的小标题，应是本段主旨的浓缩，且形式应与其他小标题类似；本段主要讲述的是关于你的缺点如何回答的问题，即本段围绕关键词weakness展开，故A项（诚实面对你的缺点）符合本段主旨，且A项中复现了weaknesses。
20. G【解析】语境＆复现推断。根据本部分小标题可知，本部分主旨为展现你的热情和活力，整个段落都围绕这个主题进行描述。结合选项可知，G项（让自己脱颖而出的一个好方法是展现出对于这份工作的自信、活力和热情）符合本段主旨，同时是对这一段的总结概括。G项中的energy和passion呼应小标题中的passion and energy。
【方法点拨】利用复现推断法解题
在7选5题目中可通过代词指代、原词复现、同义复现、反义复现等复现方法来推断答案。如本文第17题，第19题和第20题都是选项中复现了段落主题句或者小标题中的关键词，可采取原词复现法推断。第18题选项中的词虽然不是原词但是属于同义复现。需要注意的是，利用复现法推出答案后还需要仔细阅读前后文进行验证，观察选项是否确实从逻辑和语义方面与前后文匹配。有时会有一些陷阱选项利用原词复现迷惑考生。
第二部分 语言知识运用（共两节，满分45分）
第一节 （共20小题；每小题1.5分，满分30分）
阅读下面短文，从短文后各题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中，选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
I believe in respecting and thanking the dustmen. In my mind, they are the most 21 people all over the world.
22 Hurricane Katrina hit New Orleans, it took a while before the dustmen could get back to their jobs. There were a lot of 23 about why trash wasn’t picked up more quickly. Having lived in New Orleans for many years, I felt extremely 24 to see the city where I grew up turn into the biggest landfill in the country.
The dustmen finally came with excavators(挖土机) and dump trucks to 25 their task. Maybe we should be in high spirits as they 26 the trash, but we couldn’t, in fact. We all had a strong sense of great 27 and loss as they loaded our once prized possessions into the back of the dump truck as useless 28 .
My mother and I stood there, 29 the dustmen doing their jobs. We waited for that final feeling of 30 that there was no more trash to worry about, but it didn’t come. As the man in the excavator 31 a piece of broken precious furniture, my mother suddenly burst out crying. Seeing this, the dustman 32 shut down the excavator and walked toward my mother to 33 her.
A few minutes later, the man and my mother walked toward the excavator. Then, I saw my mother actually 34 the excavator. She picked up our trash and dumped it into the dump truck. My mother was excited, and her tears of sadness and pain turned into tears of 35 . What he did made me very 36 . When all the work was finished, I sincerely 37 him.
One year has gone, and thanks to the dustmen, the city looks 38 than expected. Now, whenever a trash truck blocks my path in the street, I usually express my 39 for the dustmen through 40 waiting for them to complete their jobs.
21. A. confident B. beautiful C. ambitious D. outgoing
22. A. Until B. After C. While D. If
23. A. conversations B. comments C. complaints D. concerns
24. A. frustrated B. amazed C. relaxed D. scared
25. A. compete B. change C. confirm D. complete
26. A. divided B. removed C. checked D. possessed
27. A. richness B. kindness C. sadness D. happiness
28. A. trash B. furniture C. truck D. gift
29. A. helping B. imagining C. hearing D. watching
30. A. responsibility B. satisfaction C. disappointment D. curiosity
31. A. dug up B. showed up C. gave up D. brought up
32. A. immediately B. absolutely C. basically D. probably
33. A. meet B. recognize C. appreciate D. comfort
34. A. destroy B. produce C. operate D. repair
35. A. forgiveness B. panic C. joy D. anxiety
36. A. angry B. confused C. grateful D. curious
37. A. thanked B. hurt C. annoyed D. ignored
38. A. uglier B. smaller C. dirtier D. better
39. A. worry B. excitement C. respect D. trouble
40. A. doubtfully B. patiently C. fearfully D. stubbornly
【语篇导读】一场飓风导致城市垃圾遍地，很多人抱怨为何垃圾没有被及时清理掉。后来一位清洁工的做法让作者开始尊重、理解和感谢他们。
21. B 根据上文的respecting and thanking可知，作者相信尊重和感谢清洁工是正确的，并认为他们是世界上最美的（beautiful）人。confident意为“自信的”；ambitious意为“有野心的；有雄心的”；outgoing意为“外向的”。
22. B 根据空后的it took a while before the dustmen could get back to their jobs可知，清洁工返回工作岗位肯定是在飓风之后。after意为“在……之后”，符合语境。
23. C 根据空后的why trash wasn’t picked up more quickly可知，有许多人抱怨垃圾没有被很快清理掉。complaint意为“埋怨”，符合语境。conversation意为“谈话”；comment意为“评论”；concern意为“关心”。
24. A 根据空后的to see the city where I grew up tum into the biggest landfill in the country 可知，作者对自己从小长到大的城市变成垃圾场感到非常沮丧。frustrated意为“懊恼的；沮丧的”，符合语境。amazed意为“惊奇的；吃惊的”；relaxed意为“放松的”；scared意为“害怕的”。
25. D 根据空后的their task可知，最后清洁工带着挖土机，开着垃圾清运车来完成他们的任务。complete意为“完成”，符合语境。compete意为“竞争”；change意为“改变”；confirm意为“证实”。
26. B 根据上文语境和常识可知，清洁工带来挖土机，开着垃圾清运车应是要清除垃圾。remove 意为“移除”，符合语境。divide意为“分开”；check意为“核对”；possess意为“拥有”。
27. C 根据空后的 as they loaded our once prized possessions into the back of the dump truck as useless...可知，清洁工把原来“我们”所珍惜的东西作为无用的垃圾装运到垃圾车上，“我们”感到十分伤心。sadness意为“伤心；悲伤”，符合语境，与空后的loss表达的情感相一致。richness意为“富有”；kindness意为“友好；善良”；happiness意为“快乐；开心”。
28. A 根据空前的 the back of the dump truck as useless...可知，装人垃圾车的肯定是被当作无用的垃圾（trash）的东西。furniture意为“家具”；truck意为“卡车”；gift意为“礼物”。
29. D 由空前的stood there并结合空后的the dustmen doing their jobs可知，作者和妈妈站在那里观看（watching）清洁工人工作。help意为“帮助”；imagine 意为“想象”；hear 意为“听见”。
30. B 根据空后的no more trash to worry about可知，作者和妈妈应是对没有令人担心的垃圾感到满意。satisfaction意为“满意”，符合语境。responsibility意为“责任；义务”；disappointment意为“失望”；curiosity意为“好奇”。
31. A 根据空前的As the man in the excavator可知，挖土机上的人应是在挖掘被飓风吹倒的东西。dig up意为“挖出”，符合语境。show up意为“出现”；give up意为“放弃”；bring up意为“养育”。
32. A 根据上文的burst out crying并结合空后的shut down the excavator and walked over...可知，清洁工听到妈妈突然大哭，立刻（immediately）关掉挖土机并上前安慰她。absolutely意为“绝对地”；basically意为“基本上”；probably意为“可能地”。
33. D 结合语境可知，这位清洁工停下手头的工作过来安慰突然大哭的妈妈。comfort意为“安慰”，符合语境。meet意为“见面”；recognize意为“认出”；appreciate意为“欣赏”。
34. C 由下文的 She picked up our trash and dumped it into the dump truck.可知，妈妈在操作挖土机。operate意为“操作”，符合语境。destroy 意为“毁坏”；produce意为“生产”；repair意为“修理”。
【operate一词多义】（1）使用，操作，操纵（机器或设备）；（机器）运转，运作。如：Clive was experienced in operating the computers. 克菜夫对操作电脑很有经验。（2）（企业）经营，营业，活动；经营，管理（企业或机构）。如：They were trying to reduce operating costs. 他们在设法降低经营成本。（3）开刀；动手术。如：Doctors had to operate to remove the bullet. 医生不得不开刀取出子弹。（4）做；干；行事。如：Most people just can’t operate in noisy crowded conditions. 大多数人都无法在嘈杂拥挤的环境里工作。
35. C 根据空前的excited可知，妈妈悲伤痛苦的泪水转变成了欢乐的泪水。joy意为“快乐”，符合语境。forgiveness意为“宽恕”；panic意为“恐慌；惊慌”；anxiety意为“焦虑”。
36. C 根据上文的excited以及妈妈情绪的变化可知，作者对于清洁工的做法非常感激。grateful意为“感谢的”，符合题意。angry 意为“生气的”；confused意为“困惑的”；curious意为“好奇的”。
37. A 根据上文清洁工的做法令作者感激可知，清洁工的任务完成后，作者真诚地感谢了他。thank意为“感谢”，符合题意。hurt意为“伤害”；annoy意为“惹恼”；ignore意为“忽视”。
38. D 根据空前的thanks to the dustmen可知，这座城市看上去比预想的好得多（better），所以引发了作者对清洁工的感谢。uglier意为“更丑陋的”；smaller意为“更小的”；dirtier意为“更脏的”。
39. C 由上句提到清洁工对城市作出的贡献可知，每当作者遇到垃圾车堵在街道上时都会表达自己对清洁工的尊重。respect意为“尊重”，符合题意。worry意为“担忧”；excitement意为“兴奋”；trouble意为“麻烦”。
40. B 由上文的blocks及空后的waiting可知，作者遇到垃圾车挡住路时，出于对清洁工的尊重，作者都会耐心地等待。patiently意为“耐心地”，符合题意。doubtfully意为“怀疑地”；fearfully意为“可怕地”；stubbornly意为“固执地”。
第二节 （共10小题；每小题1.5分，满分15分）
阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
Sweden, one of the world’s most advanced countries, has started to introduce a six-hour workday for its employees. Around the country, companies are making this change in order to make workers more productive and 41. (happy). At the same time breaks and meetings 42. (keep) to a minimum at work, so that workers, can concentrate
43. their job and not get distracted.
Labor experts say that the traditional eight-hour workday is very hard to endure. Workers cannot 44.
(complete) focus on their job for such a long period of time. On the other hand many workers have a hard time
45. (go) through their private life after a hard day at work. Health experts say that after six hours of focused work, people still have enough energy 46. (do) things at home.
The change comes at a time 47. many employees around the world work 50 to 60 hours and more a week. Some of them are in danger of burning out after a certain time. Working long hours 48. (raise) the danger of heart attacks, strokes and other 49. (ill). The Swedish model hopes for workers to be able to work through to 50. higher age and not retire at 65.
41. happier 考查形容词的比较等级。句意为：全国范围内，很多公司正在作此调整以使职工工作更高效、更幸福。设空处前面有比较级，and 表示并列，故填比较级 happier。
42. are kept 考查动词的时态和语态。句意为：同时，工作期间的休息和开会时间被缩至最短，以便职工能集中精力工作而不分心。设空处应填谓语动词，而上下文的时态都是一般现在时，且主语 breaks and meetings 与动词keep之间为被动关系，故填 are kept。
43. on 考查介词。句意见上一题解析。考查固定短语 concentrate on，意为“集中精力于”。
44. completely 考查词性转换。句意为：职工们不能长时间地完全集中精力于工作。设空处应用副词来修饰动词，故填completely。
45. going 考查非谓语动词。句意为：另一方面，许多职工在一天劳累的工作后难以料理他们的私人生活。考查固定短语 have a hard time (in) doing,意为“在做……方面有困难”，故填going。
46. to do 考查非谓语动词。句意为：健康专家说人在集中精力工作6个小时后，仍然有足够的精力来做家里的事。考查固定短语 have energy/time to do sth.，意为“有精力／时间做某事”。故填to do。
47. when 考查定语从句。句意为：这种变化产生于这样一个时代：全世界有许多职工一周工作五六十个小时甚至更长时间。设空处引导限制性定语从句，先行词为time,关系词在定语从句中作时间状语。故填when。
48. raises 考查动词的时态及主谓一致。句意为：长时间工作会增加患心脏病、中风及其他疾病的风险。设空处所在句表达的是研究结果，是科学事实，应用一般现在时，而主语是动名词短语，为单数，故填 raises。
49. illnesses 考查词性转换和名词单复数。句意见上一题解析。illness 表示具体的疾病时是可数名词，且根据句意可知应用复数形式，故填illnesses。
50. a 考查冠词。句意为：这种瑞典工作模式希望工人能工作到一个更高的年龄，而不是65岁就退休。此空考查冠词，表泛指，故填a。
第三部分 写作（共两节，满分35分）
第一节 短文改错（共10小题；每小题1分，满分10分）
假定英语课上老师要求同桌之间交换修改作文，请你修改你同桌写的以下作文。文中共有10处语言错误，每句中最多有两处。每处错误仅涉及一个单词的增加、删除或修改。
增加：在缺词处加一个漏字符号（∧），并在其下面写出该加的词。
删除：把多余的词用斜线（\）划掉。
修改：在错的词下划一横线，并在该词下面写出修改后的词。
注意：1. 每处错误及其修改均仅限一词；
2. 只允许修改10处，多者（从第11处起）不计分。
Dear Mom and Dad,
In London at last, we are having great time!
To stay in a hotel in an old castle, and we tried to make a reservation. However, that hotel was booked up. So, instead, we get a couple of beds in a dormitory. Stay in a dormitory was fun because there were lots of people from various place.
If you had come without us, you would have enjoyed Europe either. All of the paintings I’ve seen so far is fantastic. Now I think Vincent van Gogh is his favorite artist.
Is there anything specially I can bring you?
Yours,
Li Ming
第一处：在having后加a。have a good/great time 为固定搭配。此处表示“我们玩得很高兴”，故在having后加a。
第二处：删除and。To stay in a hotel in an old castle在句中作状语，其后为句子的主句，前后不能用and连接，故删除and。
第三处：get → got。根据语境可知，此处描述过去发生的事，应用一般过去时，故将get改为got。
第四处：Stay → Staying。句意为：住在寝室很有趣，因为有许多来自不同地方的人。此句中was为主句的谓语动词，此处应用动名词作主语，故将Stay改为Staying。
第五处：place → places。place 前有 various(各种各样的）修饰，此处应该用名词复数形式，故将place改为places。
第六处：without → with。根据上下文可知，此处应指“要是你们和我们一起来的话，你们就可以在欧洲快乐游玩”，表示“和……一起”，应用with。故将without改为with。
第七处：either → too。表示“也”时，either用于否定句，肯定句中应该用too。故将either改为too。
第八处：is → are。此句主语为All of the paintings，为复数概念，故将is改为are。
第九处：his → my。根据语境可知，此处应表示“凡·高是我最喜欢的艺术家”，应用形容词性物主代词my，故将his改为my。
第十处：specially → special。此处修饰不定代词 anything，应用形容词，故将specially改为special。
第二节 书面表达（满分25分）
你校将举办英语演讲比赛。请你以Be smart online learners为题写一篇发言稿参赛，内容包括：
1. 析优势与不足；
2. 提出学习建议。
注意：1. 词数100左右；
2. 题目和首句已为你写好。
【佳作展示】
Be smart online learners
Network learning has increasingly become an important means for people to acquire knowledge and solve problems. But being smart online learners has its advantages and disadvantages.
First of all, as smart online learners, we can make full use of the most extensive educational resources to broaden the horizon. Besides, we can take the initiative in our study by ourselves without time and space limit.
Of course, these disadvantages are as follows. Faced with all kinds of information on the internet, We can’t tell the difference between the true and the false, which may be harmful to our study and life. On the other hand, online learning itself has some imperfections, making it difficult for us not to be affected.
In conclusion, we should have a good understanding of its advantages and disadvantages and find a proper way to make our study more efficient.
【试题分析】本篇书面表达属于说明文，要求考生以 Be smart online learners为题写一篇发言稿参赛。
【详解】1. 词汇积累
充分利用：make full use of → make the most of
扩宽,丰富：broaden → enrich
各种各样： all kinds of → varieties of
不完美：imperfection → defect
2. 句式拓展
合并简单句
原句：In conclusion, we should have a good understanding of its advantages and disadvantages and find a proper way to make our study more efficient.
拓展句：In conclusion, we should have a good understanding of its advantages and disadvantages, finding a proper way to make our study more efficient.
[高分句型1] Faced with all kinds of information on the internet. We can’t tell the difference between the true and the false, which may be harmful to our study and life.（非谓语作状语和which引导的非限制性定语从句）
[高分句型2]On the other hand ,online learning itself has some imperfections, making it difficult for us not to be affected.（现在分词作状语）