专题04-Unit 2 词汇表+中英文对照课文+知识点梳理+自我检测【暑假自学课】2022年新高二英语暑假精品课（人教版2019选择性必修第一册）

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专题04 Unit 2词汇表+中英文对照课文+知识点梳理+自我检测
【词汇表】
1. phrase [freiz] n. 短语;词组
2. persuade [pəˈsweid] vt. 劝说;说服
3. switch [switʃ] vt. 转换;交换 vi＆vt.(使)改变;转变 n.开关;转换器;改变
4. switch off/on 关/开(电灯、机器等)
5. distant [ˈdɪstənt] adj. 遥远的;远处的;疏远的;心不在焉的
6. secure [sɪˈkjʊə(r)] adj 安全的;安心的;可靠的;牢固的 vt.获得;拴牢;保护
7. knob [nɒb] n. 旋钮;球形把手
8. appliance [əˈplaɪəns] n. 电器;器具
9. remote[rɪˈməʊt] a. 远程的;偏远的
10. remote control 遥控器;遥控
11. air conditioner 空调机;空调设备
12. automatic [ˌɔːtəˈmætɪk] adj. 自动的
13. integrated [ˈɪntɪɡreɪtɪd] adj. 各部分密切协调的;综合的
14. integrate [ˈɪntɪɡreɪt] vi.＆vt.使)合并;成为一体
15. sensor [ˈsensə(r)] n. 传感器;敏感元件
16. efficient [ɪˈfɪʃnt] adj. 效率高的;有功效的
17. mode [məʊd] n. 模式;方式;风格
18. routine [ruːˈtiːn] n. 常规;正常顺序adj.常规的;日常的
19. daily routine 日常生活
20. preference [ˈprefrəns] n. 爱好;偏爱
21. instant [ˈɪnstənt] n. 瞬间;片刻adj.立即的;速食的;速溶的
22. command [kəˈmɑːnd] n. 指令;命令;控制vt.命令;控制
23. obey [əˈbeɪ] vi.＆vt.服从;遵守
24. warning [ˈwɔːnɪŋ] n. 警告;警示;先兆
25. constant [ˈkɒnstənt] adj. 不断的;重复的;不变的n.常数;常量
26. early on 在初期;早先
27. abnormal [æbˈnɔːml] adj. 不正常的;反常的
28. critical [ˈkrɪtɪkl] adj. 严重的;关键的;批判性的
29. cancer[ˈkænsə(r)] n. 癌;癌症;毒瘤
30. potentially [pə'tenʃəli] adv. 潜在地;可能地
31. potential [pəˈtenʃl] adj. 可能的;潜在的n.潜力;可能性
32. leak [liːk] vi＆vt.漏;渗漏;透露n.漏洞;裂缝;透露
33. electrical [ɪˈlektrɪkl] adj. 电的;用电的
34. wiring [ˈwaɪərɪŋ] n. 电线线路;线路系统
35. wire[ˈwaɪə(r)] n. 电线;金属丝(或线).接通电源;将…连接到
36. detect [dɪˈtekt] vt. 发现;查明
37. relevant [ˈreləvənt] adj. 有关的;有意义的
38. catch fire 着火
39. fantasy [ˈfæntəsi] n. 幻想;想象
40. innovation [ˌɪnəˈveɪʃn] n. 创新;创造
41. available [əˈveɪləbl] adj. 可获得的;可购得的;人)有空的
42. in this sense (in…sense)从这种(某种)意义上来讲
43. nevertheless [ˌnevəðəˈles] adj.尽管如此;不过;然而
44. structure [ˈstrʌktʃə(r)] n. 结构;体系.系统安排;精心组织
45. security [sɪˈkjʊərəti] n. 保护描施;安全工作
46. crime [kraɪm] n. 犯罪活动;不法行为
47. combine [kəmˈbaɪn , ˈkɒmbaɪn] vt.vi.(使)结合;混合
48. nanobot [næ'nəʊbɒt] n. 纳米机器人
49. artificial [ˌɑːtɪˈfɪʃl] adj. 人工的;人造的;假的
50. artificial intelligence (AI)人工智能
51. clone[kləʊn] vt. 克隆;以无性繁殖技术复制 n.克隆动物(或植物)
52. predict [prɪˈdɪkt] vt. 预测;预言;预料
53. prediction [prɪˈdɪkʃn] n. 预测;预
54. forecast [ˈfɔːkɑːst] vt.n. 预测;预报
55. occupation [ˌɒkjuˈpeɪʃn] n. 职业;占领
56. oppose [əˈpəʊz] vt. 反对;抵制;阻挠
57. hence[hens] adv. 因此;由此
58. cease [siːs] vi.＆vt.(使)停止;终止
59. deceased[dɪˈsiːst] adj. 已死的;亡故的
60. absence [ˈæbsəns] n. 不存在;缺乏;缺席
61. rural [ˈrʊərəl] adj. 乡村的;农村的
62. advocate [ˈædvəkeɪt] vt. 提倡;支持;拥护 n.提倡者;支持者;拥护者
63. emphasis [ˈemfəsɪs] n. 强调;重视;重要性
64. luxury[ˈlʌkʃəri] n. 奢华
65. keep in touch (with.) (与…)保持联系;了解(某课题或领域的情况)
66. career [kəˈrɪə(r)] n. 职业;事业
67. prospect [ˈprɒspekt , prəˈspekt] n. 可能性;前景
68. resist [rɪˈzɪst] vi.＆vt.抵制;反抗;抵挡
69. resistance [rɪˈzɪstəns] n. 抵制;反对;抗拒
70. paragraph[ˈpærəɡrɑːf] n. 段;段落
71. signpost [ˈsaɪnpəʊst] n. 路标
72. essay [ˈeseɪ] n. 文章
73. accurate [ˈækjərət] adj 精确的;准确的
74. librarian [laɪˈbreəriən] n. 图书管理员;图书馆馆长
75. Melbourne ['melbən] 墨尔本(澳大利亚城市)
76. Christian [ˈkrɪstʃən] n. 基督教徒aj.基督教的
77. the Amish [ˈɑːmɪʃ] n. 阿曼门诺派
【课文英汉对照】
SMART HOMES TO MAKE LIFE EASIER
智能家居让生活更轻松
Have you ever forgotten to lock the door of your house? Or, have you ever forgotten to switch off the TV or computer? These kinds of things happen to us all the time, waste resources, and can sometimes lead to problems. However, in the not-too-distant future, we will be living in smart homes that will lock the door for us when we are away and remember to switch off the TV when we forget. These smart homes will keep us secure, save us energy, and provide a more comfortable environment to live in.
你有没有曾忘记锁门？或者，你曾经忘记关掉电视或电脑吗？这种事情经常发生在我们身上，浪费资源，有时还会导致问题。然而，在不远的将来，我们将生活在智能住宅中。当我们外出时，智能家居会为我们锁门；当我们忘记关电视时，智能家居会记得关掉它。这些智能住宅将使我们安全，节省能源，并提供一个更舒适的居住环境。
Intelligent Controls
智能控制
Today, we have to use switches for our lights, knobs for our appliances, and remote controls for our TVs and air conditioners. In the future, we will be using advanced technology every day for automatic control of just about everything in our home. The future home will use integrated sensors to tell when you leave home each morning, and then go into an energy-efficient mode all by itself. You will no longer have to think about turning switches on and off yourself. Your home will also learn your daily routine and preferences, so everything will be ready for you when you get home each evening. Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes, and you will find your dinner already prepared for you. All controls will respond to voice commands, so if you want to change your routine, you just say aloud what you want and the home system will obey.
今天，我们必须使用电灯的开关，电器的旋钮，电视和空调的遥控器 。在未来，我们每天都会使用先进技术对家中几乎所有东西进行自动化控制。未来的家庭将使用集成的传感器来告诉你每天早上什么时候离开家，然后自己进入节能模式。你将不再需要考虑自己打开和关闭开关。你的家也会了解你的日常习惯和偏好，所以当你每天晚上回家时，一切都会为你准备好。你一进家门，灯就会亮起，还有你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目(会自动播放)，而且你会发现晚餐已为你准备好了。并且你会发现你的晚餐已经为你准备好了。所有的控制都会响应语音指令，所以如果你想改变你的日常工作，你只要大声说出你想要什么，家庭系统就会服从。
Regular Health Checks
定期健康检查
In addition, your smart home will be monitoring your health for you every day. Your bed, for example, will record how well you sleep every night. It will also be checking your body weight. If you start to have sleep or weight problems, it will send a warning to your phone. It will also give you suggestions on a healthier diet and how to sleep better. Smart toilets will be keeping constant track of your health as well. They can warn you early on if there is something abnormal or if you have a critical illness, such as cancer, and potentially save your life.
此外，你的智能家居每天都会监测你的健康状况。例如，你的床会记录你每晚的睡眠质量。它也会检查你的体重。如果你开始有睡眠或体重问题，它会向你的手机发送警告。它还会为你提供更健康的饮食和如何睡得更好的建议。智能马桶也会持续记录你的健康状况。如果有什么不正常的情况，或者你有严重的疾病，比如癌症，它们可以提前警告你，并可能挽救你的生命。
No More Disasters
没有更多的灾难
Smart homes will be able to prevent serious damage from accidents. For example, if a water pipe starts leaking, or if there is a short in the electrical wiring, your smart home will detect it and provide you with the relevant information. This way, you will be able to fix the problem before your home becomes flooded or catches fire.
智能家居将能够防止事故造成的严重损害。例如，如果水管漏水或发生电线短路，你的智能房屋将会探测出来，并给你提供相关的信息。这样，你就能在房子被水淹或着火之前解决这个问题。
This smart technology is not a fantasy. Many of these new innovations are already available and being used in some homes. In this sense, the home of tomorrow is already the home of today. Nevertheless, it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology.
这种智能技术不是幻想。许多这样的新发明已经可以使用，并在一些家庭中使用。从这种意义上来讲，明天的家已经是今天的家了。然而，要让大多数新家庭开始使用这项新技术还需要几年的时间。

SHOULD WE FIGHT NEW TECHNOLOGY?
我们应该抵制新技术吗？
This morning, I saw the shocking headline: “Passenger Dies When Car Crashes in Driverless Mode”. In the article, various people said that the public should oppose the idea of developing driverless cars. They said that some advances in technology were unnecessary and could even be dangerous. Hence, we should cease accepting technology just because it is new. The newspaper reported that the car company had already apologised for the accident, but the families of the deceased said it was not enough. Nevertheless, the company still claimed that most people would be travelling in driverless cars one day soon.
今天早上，我看到了一个令人震惊的标题：“无人驾驶模式下的车祸导致乘客死亡”。在这篇文章中，很多人说公众应该反对开发无人驾驶汽车的想法。他们说，一些技术进步是不必要的，甚至可能是危险的。因此，我们应该停止仅仅因为技术是新的就接受它。该报报道称，该汽车公司已经就这次事故道歉，但死者家属表示这还不够。尽管如此，该公司仍然宣称，不久的将来，大多数人将乘坐无人驾驶汽车出行。
On the one hand, there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily in the absence of new technology. Probably the most well known are the Amish, a group of Christians living in rural America. They do not own or drive cars, watch TV, or use the Internet. They have lived mainly as farmers since the 18th century, and they will probably be living the same way in the distant future. They advocate a simple life with an emphasis on hard work, family, and community. They think that is better than caring about luxuries or following the lives of the rich and famous. It could even be argued that the Amish’s quality of life is better since they live in and appreciate the natural environment rather than living in large, polluted cities.
一方面，世界上有许多不同的群体，他们在没有新技术的情况下幸福地生活着。最著名的可能是阿曼门诺派，一群生活在美国农村的基督徒。他们没有汽车、不开车，不看电视，也不使用互联网。自18世纪以来，他们主要以农民的身份生活，在遥远的将来，他们可能也会以同样的方式生活。他们提倡简单的生活，强调努力工作、家庭和社区。他们认为这比关心奢侈品或追随富人和名人的生活要好。甚至可以说，阿曼门诺派的生活质量更好，因为他们生活在自然环境中，欣赏自然，而不是生活在污染严重的大城市里。
On the other hand, new technology has provided people everywhere with many benefits over the years. For example, the latest weather-tracking computer programmes give people lots of warnings about potential natural disasters, which saves many lives. Moreover, the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily even if they are on opposite sides of the world. It has also made finding opportunities in life much easier, as it allows people to make larger networks of friends through using social media.
另一方面，新技术多年来为各地的人们提供了许多好处。例如，最新的天气跟踪计算机程序给人们提供了许多关于潜在自然灾害的警告，这挽救了许多人的生命。此外，互联网使朋友和家人很容易保持联系，即使他们在世界的两端。它还让人们更容易在生活中寻找机会，因为它让人们通过使用社交媒体结交更多的朋友。
Personally, I have benefited quite a lot from technological advances. I found my career as an AI designer through a social media network. My health monitor, which I wear all the time, has also helped me get into the best shape of my life. Of course, when new technology changes the way we live, it can be a scary prospect. Nevertheless, I will always look on the positive side of change and accept it rather than resist it.
就我个人而言，我从技术进步中获益匪浅。我通过一个社交媒体网络找到了我作为AI设计师的职业生涯。我一直戴着健康监测器，它也帮助我进入了最佳状态。当然，当新技术改变了我们的生活方式，这可能是一个可怕的前景。然而，我总是会看到变化积极的一面，接受它，而不是抵制它。
【知识点梳理】
1. 重点单词
1、persuade vt.劝说；说服
persuasion n.劝说，说服（力）；信仰
persuasive adj.有说服力的；劝诱的；动听
①persuade sb. to do/into doing sth. 成功说服某人做某事
②persuade sb.not to do/out of doing sth. 说服某人不做某事
③persuade sb.of sth.使某人相信某事④persuade that...使某人相信……
2、switch vt.转换；交换 vi.使改变；转变 n.开关；转换器；改变
①a switch in在……方面的转变②make a switch做出改变
③switch...from...to...（把……）由……转变为
④switch on/off打开/关上（电器等）⑤switch over to转变；换频道
【辨析】“开”“关”
①开/关（门、窗、盒子等）open/close the door/window/box
②开/关（收音机、电灯，电视等）switch on/off the radio/light/TV
③开/关（收音机、电灯、水、煤气等）turn on/off the radio/light/water/gas
3、distant adj.遥远的；远处的；疏远的；心不在焉的
distance n.距离
①be distant from距离远；不相似②in the distance/into the distance在远处
③from a distance从远处
④keep sb.at a distance对……冷淡；同……疏远；与……保持一定距离
4、remote adj.遥远的，偏僻的
remotely adv.遥远地；偏僻地；冷淡地，极小地
remoteness n.远离，遥远
remote control遥控；遥控器
5、efficient adj.效率高的；有功效的
efficiently adv.效率高地；有效地
6、routine n.常规；正常顺序 adj.常规的；日常的
routinely adv.常规地，例行地
daily routine 日常生活
7、preference n.喜爱，偏爱；偏爱的事物
prefer vt.更喜欢，宁愿
①in preference to优先于……②have a preference for sth.偏爱某物
③give preference to给……以优惠④prefer to do sth.更喜欢做某事
⑤prefer to do A rather than do B宁愿做A而不愿做B
8、instant n.瞬间；片刻 adj.立即的；速食的；速溶的
①in an instant（＝immediately）立刻
②the instant（that）（＝as soon as）一……就……
9、secure adj.空全的；安心的；可靠的；牢固的 vt.获得；拴牢；保护
security n.保护措施；安全工作；保卫部门
10、integrate v.使合并；成为一体
integrated adj.各部分密切协调的；综合的
integration n.结合；整合；一体化；融合
①integrate into/with和……合成一体②integrate sb.into/with sth.把某人融入
③integrate A and B＝integrate A into/with B把A和B整合起来；把A和B合成一体
11、command n.指令；命令；控制 vt.命令；控制
commander n.指挥官
①at one's command听某人吩咐②have a good command of精通
③in command（of sb.）指挥；控制④take command of控制某事
⑤under one's command在某人的指挥下⑥command sb.to do sth.命令某人做某事
12、obey v.服从，顺从
obedience n.顺从
obedient adj.顺从的
disobey v.不服从
disobedience n.不服从
disobedient adj.不服从的
13、potential n.潜在性；可能性；潜能 adj.可能的；潜在的
potentially adv.潜在地
14、relevant adj.相关的，切题的
relevance n.关联，贴切，中肯
relevantly adv.有关地；切题地
irrelevant adj.无关的；不切题的
①be relevant to与……有关②be related to与……有关
③be concerned with与……有关④be involved in与……有关
⑤be associated with与……有关⑥be irrelevant to sth./sb.与某物/人不相关
15、combine v.使联合；使结合
combination n.结合；联合；混合
①combine A with B（＝combine A and B together）把A与B结合
②in combination with... 与...结合
【辨析】combine/connect/join
combine“结合；联合”，指为了一个目的而把两个以上的事物联系在一起。
connect事物（东西）不紧密地连接，也可用于抽象的联系（如姻亲关系），后接with/to。
join指直接连接两物或两地，也可指两物紧密地连接，后接to，不接with。
16、predict vt.预言，预测；预料
prediction n.预言；预测；预示
predictable adj.可预言的；可预测的；可预示的
predictor n.测位器；预言家
17、occupation n.职业；占领
occupy vt.占据；占有；占领
occupied adj.使用中；忙碌的
①occupy oneself with sth./in doing sth.忙于
②be occupied with sth./in doing sth.忙于；全神贯注于；从事
18、oppose vt.反对；抵制；阻挠
opposite adj.对面的，另一边的；相反的，对立的
opposed adj.反对的，对立的
opposition n.反对
①oppose sth./doing sth./sb.'s doing sth.反对某人做某事强调动作
②oppose sth.to/against sth.使……与……对立/对抗
③be opposed to sth.反对某事
【归纳】反对（做某事）：be opposed to （doing） sth.oppose （doing） sth.object to （doing） sth.
be against （doing） sth.
19、cease v.使停止；终止
cessation n.停止；终止；中断；暂停
①cease to do sth.停下来去做②cease（doing）sth.停止（做）某事
20、absence n.不存在；缺乏；缺席——反义词：presence n.出席；到场
absent adj.缺席的；不在的——反义词：present adj.出席的；到场的
absently adv.心不在焉地
①absence from classes缺课②in one's absence在某人不在的时候
③absence of mind心不在焉④in the absence of...不在时
⑤be absent from缺席；缺少；不存在
21、advocate vt.提倡；支持；拥护 n.提倡者，支持者；拥护者
①advocate（doing）sth.提倡（做）某事②an advocate for/of……的支持者/拥护者
③advocate＋that-clause提倡/主张……（从句谓语用should do，should可省略）
22、resist v.抵制；反抗；抵挡
resistant adj.抵抗的；有抵抗力的
resistance n.抗拒；反对
①be hard/impossible to resist难以拒绝②resist sb./sth.抵抗/抵制某人/某物
③can't/couldn't resist doing sth.禁不住干某事④resist doing sth.抑制干某事
⑤be resistant to对……有抵抗力
【辨析】can't resist doing sth./can't help doing sth./can't help do sth.
can't resist doing...无法抗拒……的诱惑，忍不住干……
can't help doing情不自禁地做……
can't help do sth.不能帮忙做……
23、early on 在初期；早先
2. 重点短语
1、catch fire着火
2、in this sense从这种意义上来讲
【拓展】有关sense的词组
①in a sense（＝in one way）从某种意义上说②in no sense绝不（放在句首，句子用部分倒装）
③make sense有道理；有意义；讲得通④make sense of sth.理解；弄懂（不易理解的事物）
⑤make no sense无意义；讲不通；无道理⑥There's no sense in doing sth.做某事无意义
3、keep in touch（with...）（与……）保持联系；了解（某课题或领域的情况）
【拓展】有关touch的词组
①get in touch （with）（与…）取得联系[不与一段时间连用]
②lose touch （with）（与…）失去联系[不与一段时间连用]
③stay/be in touch （with）（与...）保持联系④be out of touch（with）（与...）失去联系
4、cut down削减；删节；砍倒
【拓展】有关cut的词组
①cut away切下；砍掉②cut off中止；切断③cut across走捷径④cut out删除；遮挡
⑤cut back削减；缩减⑥cut short缩短；打断⑦cut in超车；插嘴⑧cut up切碎；抨击
3. 必背重点句型
1、Nevertheless，it will take some years before most new homes begin to use this new technology.
然而，大多数新的家庭需要几年才能开始使用这项新技术。
2、However,in the not-too-distant future,we will be living in smart homes that will lock the door for us when we are away and remember to switch off the TV when we forget.
然而,在不太遥远的未来,我们将生活在智能家居里,它能在我们离开时锁门,在我们忘了关掉电视的时候记得关掉它。
3、These smart homes will keep us secure,save us energy,and provide a more comfortable environment to live in.（动词不定式短语作定语）
这些智能家居将保护我们的安全,节省能源,并提供一个更舒适的生活环境。
4、Your lights will come on the instant you enter the door along with your favourite music or TV programmes,and you will find your dinner already prepared for you.（find + 宾语 + 宾补）
你一进家门,灯就会亮起,还有你最喜欢的音乐或电视节目（会自动播放）,而且你会发现晚餐已为你准备好了。
5、This morning,I saw the shocking headline:“Passenger Dies When Car Crashes in Driverless Mode”.
今天早上，我看到了令人震惊的头条新闻。"无人驾驶汽车撞死了乘客"。
6、On the one hand,there are many different groups of people around the world who live happily in the absence of new technology.
一方面,世界各地有许多不同的群体在没有新技术的情况下快乐地生活。
7、They advocate a simple life with an emphasis on hard work,family,and community.
他们提倡简单的生活,强调努力工作、家庭和社区。
8、On the other hand,new technology has provided people everywhere with many benefits over the years.
另一方面，这些年来，新技术给各地的人们带来了很多好处。
9、Moreover,the Internet has made it possible for friends and family to keep in touch easily even if they are on opposite sides of the world.（make +it+ adj. +（ for sb./sth.） to do sth.）
此外,互联网使朋友和家人能够很容易地保持联系,即使他们在世界的另一边。
10、Nevertheless,I will always look on the positive side of change and accept it rather than resist it.
尽管如此,我将永远看到变革积极的一面,接受而不是抵制它。
【自我检测】
I. 单句语法填空。
1．No matter how carefully you plan your finances, no one can predict _______the unexpected will happen.
【答案】when
【解析】考查宾语从句。句意：无论你如何仔细地计划你的财务，没有人能预测意外的事情什么时候会发生。此处是宾语从句，从句缺少时间状语，应使用when引导。故填when。
2．The number of deaths from heart disease will be reduced greatly if people _______(persuade) to eat more fruit and vegetables.
【答案】are persuaded
【解析】考查时态和语态。句意：如果人们被说服多吃水果和蔬菜，死于心脏病的人数将大大减少。此从句缺乏谓语，if引导的条件状语从句，主句一般将来时，从句一般现在时，即“主将从现”，从句主语people和从句谓语persuade是被动关系，应用一般现在时的被动语态，主语people是复数，谓语应用复数。故填are persuaded。
3．Neither my wife nor I myself am able to persuade my daughter __________(change) her mind.
【答案】to change
【解析】考查固定短语。句意：我妻子和我自己都不能说服我女儿改变主意。persuade sb. to do sth.说服某人做某事，该短语是固定短语。故填to change。
4．Dr. Poole says that she couldn’t tell the difference between Mlaika’s call and the_______(distance) truck noise.
【答案】distant
【解析】考查形容词。句意：普尔医生说她分不清姆莱卡的喊声和远处的卡车的噪音之间的区别。分析句子可知，truck noise为名词短语，意为“卡车的噪音”，前面应用形容词修饰，distance意为“距离”，名词词性，对应的形容词为distant，意为“远处的”，形容词词性。故填distant。
5．He has the potential _________(appoint)as manager this year.
【答案】to be appointed
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：他今年有可能被任命为经理。分析句子结构可知appoint在句中应用非谓语动词形式，此处修饰上文名词potential，应用不定式作定语，短语have the potential to do sth.表示“有做某事的潜力”，且appoint与he构成被动关系，故应用to be done形式。故填to be appointed。
6．The beautiful scenery, ________ (combine)with delicious food and lovely weather, made our visit to Hawaii unforgettable.
【答案】combined
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：美丽的风景，结合美味的食物和宜人的天气，使我们的夏威夷之行难以忘怀。分析句子结构可知combine在句中应用非谓语动词形式，与逻辑主语scenery构成被动关系，故应用过去分词作定语。故填combined。
7．It can be ________（benefit）to share your feelings with someone you trust.
【答案】beneficial
【解析】考查固定句型。句意：与你信任的人分享你的感受是有益的。分析句子可知，句中涉及固定句型“It is + adj. + to do”，意为“做某事是……的”，句中It为形式主语，真正的主语是后面的不定式形式，can为情态动词，意为“能，会”，后接is的原形be，故空格处应为形容词，benefit意为“优势，益处”，名词词性，对应的形容词为beneficial，意为“有益的”，符合句意。故填beneficial。
8．It's impolite ________(speak) when you're eating. You should avoid this kind of behaviour.
【答案】to speak
【解析】考查非谓语动词。句意：吃饭的时候说话是不礼貌的。你应该避免这种行为。分析句子结构，It is+adj.+to do…为固定句型，it为形式主语，设空处需填动词不定式作真正的主语。故填to speak。
9．With today's technology, scientists still have difficulty ________(forecast) earthquakes.
【答案】forecasting
【解析】考查现在分词。句意：在今天的技术下，科学家在预测地震上仍然有困难。have difficulty doing sth表示“做某事有困难”，所以此处动词需要用动名词形式，故填forecasting。
10．一Why don't you choose engineer as your __________(occupy) ?
—Because I don't want to devote myself to lifeless machines.
【答案】occupation
【解析】考查名词。句意：—为什么不选择工程师作为你的职业？—因为我不想献身于没有生命的机器。空前有形容词性物主代词your，空处需要填一个名词，由前面engineer可知这里指代职位，occupation表示“职位”，故填occupation。
11．The report advocated that all buildings _________(fit) with smoke detectors.
【答案】(should) be fitted
【解析】考查虚拟语气及语态。句意：报告主张所有的建筑物都应该安装烟雾探测器。advocate后的宾语从句的谓语动词应使用“(should) +do”结构，all buildings与fit是逻辑动宾关系，应使用被动语态。故填(should) be fitted。
II. 选词填空。
switch off,   daily routine,   in this sense,   keep in touch with,   no longer,
respond to,   in addition,   keep track of, prevent…from,   on the other hand
1．The players had to change their ____________ and lifestyle.
2．Even very young babies____________ their mothers’ presence.
3．They cut down some trees to knock down the fire and ____________ it ____________ spreading further.
4．You need money and time; ____________,   you need diligence.
5．Do not forget to ____________ the air-conditioning when you go to bed.
6．On the one hand, they wanted very much to visit their squad leader in hospital; ____________, they didn’t want to disturb his rest.
7．The rise of social media has made it easier than ever to____________friends, relatives and coworkers.
8．____________,   French really is “the Latin of modern times”.
9．When a thing has been used, it is ____________ new.
10．I use a small notebook to ____________ all the new sentences I learn.
【答案】1．daily routine 2．respond to 3．prevent     from 4．in addition 5．switch off
6．on the other hand 7．keep in touch with 8．In this sense 9．no longer 10．keep track of
【解析】1．考查固定短语。句意：运动员们不得不改变他们的日常生活习惯和生活方式。根据句意“日常生活惯例”可知，固定短语daily routine，符合题意。故填daily routine。
2．考查动词短语和时态。句意：即使是很小的婴儿也会对母亲的存在作出反应。根据句意“对……作出反应”可知，动词短语respond to，符合题意，此处陈述客观事实，使用一般现在时，主语是babies，谓语动词使用原形。故填respond to。
3．考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意：他们砍倒了一些树来灭火，防止火势进一步蔓延。根据句意“防止”可知，动词短语prevent…from…符合题意，空处和to构成动词不定式作目的状语。故填prevent，from。
4．考查固定短语。句意：你需要金钱和时间；此外，你还需要勤奋。根据句意“此外”可知，固定短语in addition，符合题意。故填in addition。
5．考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意：睡觉时别忘了关掉空调。根据句意“关掉”可知，动词短语switch off，符合题意。forget to do sth.为固定用法，空处需填动词原形。故填switch off。
6．考查固定短语辨。句意：一方面，他们非常想去医院看望班长；另一方面，他们又不愿打扰他休息。根据句意“另一方面”可知，固定短语on the other hand，符合题意。故填on the other hand。
7．考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意：社交媒体的兴起使得与朋友、亲戚和同事保持联系比以往任何时候都容易。根据句意“与……保持联系”可知，动词短语keep in touch with，符合题意。“make+it+adj.+to do”为固定用法，空处需填动词原形。故填keep in touch with。
8．考查固定短语。句意：从这个意义上说，法语确实是“现代的拉丁语”。根据句意“从这个意义上说”可知，固定短语in this sense，符合题意。位于句首，首字母需大写。故填In this sense。
9．考查固定短语。句意：当一个东西用过了，它就不再是新的了。根据句意“不再”可知，固定短语no longer符合题意。故填no longer。
10．考查动词短语和非谓语动词。句意：我用一个小笔记本记录我学的所有新句子。根据句意“记录”可知，动词短语keep track of，符合题意。use sth. to do sth.为固定用法，空处需填动词原形。故填keep track of。
III. 阅读理解。
In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse. The girls had gone to Smith College. They wore expensive clothes. So for them to move to Elkhead, Colo. to instruct the children whose shoes were held together with string was a surprise. Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter.
Why did they go then? Well, they wanted to do something useful. Soon, however, they realized what they had undertaken.
They moved in with a local family, the Harrisons, and, like them, had little privacy, rare baths, and a blanket of snow on their quilt when they woke up in the morning. Some mornings, Rosamond and Dorothy would arrive at the schoolhouse to find the children weeping from the cold. In spring, the snow was replaced by mud over ice.
In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead. A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed（牵涉）drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms. The book ends with Rosamond and Dorothy's return to Auburn.
Wickenden is a very good storyteller. The sweep of the land and the stoicism（坚忍）of the people move her to some beautiful writing. Here is a picture of Dorothy Woodruff, on her horse, looking down from a hill top: "When the sun slipped behind the mountains, it shed a rosy glow all around them. Then a full moon rose. The snow was marked only by small animals: foxes, coyotes, mice, and varying hares, which turned white in the winter."
24. Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?
A. To teach in a school. B. To study American history.
C. To write a book. D. To do sightseeing.
25. What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3?
A. They enjoyed much respect. B. They had a room with a bathtub.
C. They lived with the local kids. D. They suffered severe hardships.
26. Which part of Wickenden's writing is hair-raising?
A. The extreme climate of Auburn. B. The living conditions in Elkhead.
C. The railroad building in the Rockies. D. The natural beauty of the West.
27. What is the text?
A. A news report. B. A book review. C. A children's story. D. A diary entry.
【语篇导读】 本文主要介绍了美国作家多萝西·威肯登的畅销书Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West《无所畏惧:两个西方社会女孩的意外教育》。
【答案及解析】
24. A【解析】细节理解题。本题询问“Why did Dorothy and Rosamond go to the Rocky Mountains?”多萝西和罗莎蒙德为什么要去落基山脉? 根据题干中的关键词go to the Rocky Mountains 可还原到第一段In 1916, two girls of wealthy families, best friends from Auburn, N. Y.—Dorothy Woodruff and Rosamond Underwood—traveled to a settlement in the Rocky Mountains to teach in a one-room schoolhouse.1916年，来自纽约州奥本的两个富裕家庭的女孩——多萝西·伍德洛夫和罗莎蒙德·安德伍德——来到落基山脉的一个定居地，在一间只有一间教室的校舍里教书可知，她俩去落基山脉去一所学校教书，故选A。
25. D【解析】细节理解题。本题询问What can we learn about the girls from paragraph 3？从第三段我们可以了解到关于女孩的什么信息，第三段介绍了两名西方女孩艰苦的生活环境，可知他们遭受了严重的困难，故选D。
26. C【解析】细节理解题。本题询问Which part of Wickenden's writing is hair-raising？ 威肯登的哪一部分写得让人毛骨悚然。根据题干中的关键词 hair-raising 可还原到第四段A hair-raising section concerns the building of the railroads, which entailed（牵涉）drilling through the Rockies, often in blinding snowstorms.，令人毛骨悚然的一段与铁路建设有关，这需要在令人眩目的暴风雪中穿越落基山脉 故选C。
27. B【解析】推理判断题。本题询问What is the text? 这篇文章是什么？ 根据第一段Their stay in Elkhead is the subject of Nothing Daunted: The Unexpected Education of Two Society Girls in the West by Dorothy Wickenden, who is a magazine editor and Dorothy Woodruff's granddaughter. 她们在埃尔克黑德的停留是《无所畏惧:两个社会女孩在西方的意外教育》一书的主题，作者多萝西·威肯登是一名杂志编辑，也是多萝西·伍德拉夫的孙女， 和第三段In Wickenden's book, she expanded on the history of the West and also on feminism, which of course influenced the girls' decision to go to Elkhead.在威肯登的书中，她延伸到了了西方历史和女权主义，这当然影响了女孩们去埃尔克黑德的决定。可推断，本篇文章是一个书评，故选B。