2020_2021学年高中英语寒假作业Unit2B卷含解析外研版选择性必修第一册

寒假作业Unit 2 B卷

阅读下列短文,从每题所给的A、B、C和D四个选项中选出最佳选项。

    Book: No Looking Back

    Author: Shivani Gupta

    Shivani had thrown a party one evening and awoke the next morning in hospital because of a car crash. It took Shivani years of pain, struggle and determination to regain control of her life and her body. Then tragedy struck again. As the newly-married Shivani drove to Manali with her family, a truck crashed into her car. Shivani refused to give in—she wouldn’t let her injury keep her from achieving her ambitions.

    Book: Courage Beyond Compare

    Author: Sanjay Sharma

    The 10 sportspersons in the book are champions in diverse fields like athletics, swimming and badminton, who have brought glory to the country. They overcame their physical limitations to reach the top of their chosen fields.

    Book: Face to Face

    Author: Ved Mehta

    Blind since the age of four, the author led a lonely childhood in India until he was accepted to the Arkansas School for the Blind, to which he flew alone at 15.America and the school changed his life, leading him to degrees at Oxford and Harvard and a fruitful writing career.

    Book: This Star Won’t Go Out

    Author: Lori and Wayne Earl

    Diagnosed with cancer at 12, Esther Earl was a bright and talented, but very normal teenager. She lived a hope-filled and generous life. A cheerful, positive and encouraging daughter, sister and friend, Esther died in 2010, shortly after turning 16, but not before inspiring thousands through her growing online presence.

1.The book No Looking Back mainly talks about _____.
A.a successful author who was blind during his childhood
B.10 disabled athletes who are champions in sports field
C.an unlucky girl who experienced two car accidents
D.an inspiring teenager who died of cancer
2.In which book does the author tell of himself?

A.Courage Beyond Compare. B.This Star Won’t Go Out.

C.Face to Face.  D.No Looking Back.

3.Which word can best describe the four books?

A.Intelligent. B.Passionate. C.Pessimistic. D.Inspiring.

   It seems that you don’t think about your nose getting tired.You can smell grass after your neighbor cuts the lawn.You can smell delicious pizza baking as you walk by the pizza store.You can definitely smell the sour smell of your brother’s feet when he takes off his sneakers on a sweaty summer day. In fact, according to research published in Nature, your nose can detect about one trillion smells!

    But your own underarms could give off unpleasant smells and you might not be able to tell: Humans tend to suffer from what scientists call olfactory fatigue(嗅觉疲劳); our sense of smell just gets plain tired out by familiar odors and stops detecting them. Believe it or not, that can actually be a good thing.

    Pamela Dalton, a psychologist at the Monell Chemical Senses Center in Philadelphia, explained to the Washington Post that we filter out the same-old smells to make room for detecting new, strange smells—such as ones that might alert us to danger, like something burning, or something good to eat like that pizza. When these smells float past us, smell receptors in our noses detect their particular chemical components and send electrical signals to the frontal cortex(皮层)of our brains. And then we decide if we need to run away from fire, or get closer towards pizza.

    If your sense of smell was weakened by your body odor —or other standard smells—we might not be able to detect the more important odors.

    There are ways to avoid showing up to work giving smelly odors like a skunk(臭鼬).One way is to take your shirt off and sniff that instead of your skin, recommends Lifehacker. Other ways to check your own scent is to rub your skin, then smell your fingers; check your breath by licking your arm, waiting a second, then sniffing the spot. Or even quicker and easier—ask someone to give you a sniff!

1.Why do people tend to think their noses never get tired?
A.The noses are strong enough.
B.They are confident in themselves.
C.The nose can detect nearly all smells.
D.The nose can function well in all cases.
2.Why does the author say our sense of smell’s stopping detecting familiar odors a good thing?
A.It helps alert us to danger.
B.It prefers new smells to old ones.
C.It helps our sense become stronger.
D.It can help distinguish more important smells.
3.How many ways are suggested to avoid showing up to work without a smelly odor?
A.2. B.3. C.4. D.5.
4. Which is the right working order of our brain when making a decision in terms of smell?

①The smell floats past us.

②Smell receptors send electrical signals to our brains.

③Smell receptors detect the particular chemical components.

④We decide whether we need to run away or get closer.

A.①②③④ B.①③②④ C.②③①④ D.③②①④

    Roberto Clemente is the greatest baseball player of all time. He had an unbelievable batting average (击球率)in all seasons he played. Having won four batting titles, the Gold Glove Award twelve times, and a Most Valuable Player Award, he is certainly the best that ever played.

Besides being the best baseball player, Roberto Clemente was also a great man and a hero. In 1972, there was an earthquake in Nicaragua. On December 31 of that year, Clemente flew to Nicaragua to take supplies to the people. Almost immediately after takeoff, the plane crashed into the Caribbean Sea.

    The best honors for Clemente came after he died. He was the first Latino voted into the Baseball Hall of Fame. In 1999, the city of Pittsburgh, where he played baseball, renamed a bridge after him—a bridge that leads to the city's beautiful new stadium.

    No one summed up the life of Roberto Clemente. The baseball commissioner (总干事), at Clemente’s Hall of Fame award ceremony, said, "He was so great a man, as a leader and humanitarian, so great an inspiration to the young and to all in baseball, especially to the proud people of his homeland, Puerto Rico.” The commissioner further honored Clemente by creating a sportsmanship award in his name.

1.What can be concluded from Roberto Clemente's trip to Nicaragua?
A.He got injured in an air crash.
B.He cared about people and the world.
C.He donated a huge sum of money to Nicaragua.
D.He earned his fame for his bravery and generosity.
2.What do we know about Roberto Clemente from the passage?
A.He died in Puerto Rico.
B.There was a bridge built for him.
C.He played baseball in Pittsburgh.
D.His statue was in the Baseball Hall of Fame.
3.What happened at Clemente's Hall of Fame award ceremony?
A.A sportsmanship award was set up in Clemente's name.
B.Clemente was voted into the Soccer Hall of Fame.
C.Clemente gained an honor from the people of his homeland.
D.The commissioner praised Clemente's unbelievable batting skills.
4.Where is the passage most probably taken from?
A.A science journal.  B.A sports magazine.
C.A radio program.  D.A news report.

   There is no denying that everyone has felt worried or upset before a contest or sports game. A study in 2000 found that "high levels of anxiety during competitions are harmful, worsening the performance and even leading to dropping out". An example of this is John Daly, an American golf player who was once one of the best of his time. The great amount of pressure placed on him to win made him extremely anxious. His anxiety reached such a high level that he was unable to complete a tournament and walked off the course in the middle of the round. Over the course of his career, he quit from 49 professional matches due to the anxiety he experienced.

    In fact, anxiety can have a number of negative effects and changes to the body, mind and behavior. Anxiety causes your body to tense up and increases blood pressure. When this happens, it becomes more difficult for your body to move fluently and efficiently, meaning actions and movements become unnatural. The terror you experience as a result of anxiety is so overwhelming that it may even lead to body paralysis(瘫痪). An example of this is stage fright, which may be experienced right before a public competition. When feeling overwhelming fear, the athlete may be unable to move, talk or act at all.

    Anxiety has a negative effect on not only athletes, but also students and young people, particularly when it comes to tests and exams. This "test anxiety" occurs in 33% of students and can affect their performance in exams and overall achievements. As time goes on, the age at which children suffer from anxiety is becoming younger.

    Anxiety leads to the poor academic performance and low scores. This is because the anxiety becomes so overwhelming that you lose the ability to think clearly. It has been proven that students with anxiety score lower on tests than students who do not suffer from anxiety.

    Anxiety can also affect students' willingness to engage in class or participate in class discussions. Again, this can have a negative impact on their performance because they are unable to communicate with the teacher by asking questions. This then leads to confusion and further worry about a task, resulting in additional anxiety. This same worry also applies to peer learning(同伴学习) because this involves sharing ideas with other students. A student with high anxiety is unable to share these ideas, meaning they quit from activities and their learning is limited.

    Anxiety reaches such a point that some of the students either refuse to go to school until they are able or drop out completely. In fact, 49% of anxious adults report having left education early and 24% indicate anxiety as the primary reason. After all, how can a person possibly learn something or perform well when their mind and body are in a constant state of terror and worry?

1. What is the best title for the passage?

A. Reasons of anxiety  B. Students and anxiety

C. Bad effects of anxiety D. Anxiety and performance

2. The author used John Daly's example to show that _____.

A. he is a terrible golf player in every way

B. even a little pressure can be a bad thing

C. the willingness to win can cause anxiety

D. too much anxiety is harmful in competitions

3. What can you learn from the passage?

A. The elders rarely suffer from anxiety.

B. Body paralysis is often caused by anxiety.

C. Students with anxiety tend to ask questions less.

D. 49% of adults left education mainly because of anxiety.

4. According to the passage, what may happen to a person if one suffers from anxiety?

A. One's actions become steady. B. One tends to cry and walk away.

C. One gets higher grades in exams. D. One feels unable to move or talk.

Four Habits to Help You Succeed

    Nobody would like to experience failure. We all want to succeed. For those who have tried and failed, success seems difficult to understand. ① _____

    • Know your values.

    Finding your values is in line with creating motivation. ②_____ Pick a handful of things and write them down. Remind yourself of your values every day and reflect on whether you are honoring those values through your work.

    • Pick a goal and focus on it.

    Choose one goal to start something large enough that will give you a sense of achievement, while adjusting well to your values. If you want to achieve your goal, focus is the key here. ③_____ If you perform many tasks at a time, you might never finish your projects because they will take far too long.

    • Set a date for success.

    Know when you hope to realize your goal. ④_____ By setting a time limit, you are making the process realistic.

    • ⑤_____

    Failure can't be avoided when you take risks. By its very definition, the desire to succeed means you are risking failure. Many people tend to give up far too early. Don't fall into this trap! Use failure. Treat it as a good thing, and go on.

A. Make the right decision.

B. The more focused you are on one goal, the higher chance you will have of success.

C. I have made a list of four habits to help you set goals and realize them.

D. Keep it realistic, while not giving yourself too much time.

E. Don't give up because of failure.

F. Sit and reflect on what you value most.

G. Push yourself to be courageous, and take that next step.

    I believe even the smartest people have to work hard to achieve success. People make themselves into winners by their own    1   .

    I learned this lesson from a (n)    2    many years ago. I took the head    3    job at a school in Baxley, Georgia.

    It was a tradition for the school's old team to play against the    4    team at the end of spring practice. The old team had no coach, and they didn't even practice to    5     the game. Being the coach of the new team, I was excited because I knew we were going to win, but to my disappointment we were defeated. I couldn't    6    I had got into such a situation. Thinking hard about it, I came to    7    that my team might not be the number one team in Georgia, but they were    8    me. I had to change my    9    towards their ability and potential.

    I started doing anything I could to help them build a little    10   . Most importantly, I began to treat them like    11   . That summer, when the other teams enjoyed their    12   , we met every day and    13    passing and kicking the football.

Six months after suffering our    14    on the spring practice field, we won our first game and our second, and continued to ​   15   . Finally, my boys beat the best team in Georgia, giving me the greatest joy of my life.

1.A. tests B. luck C. efforts D. nature

2.A. experiment B. experience C. visit D. show

3.A. operating B. editing C. consulting D. coaching

4.A. successful B. excellent C. strong D. new

5.A. cheer for B. prepare for C. help with D. finish with

6.A. agree B. believe C. describe D. regret

7.A. realize B. claim C. permit D. demand

8.A. reacting to B. looking for C. depending on D. caring about

9.A. decision B. attitude C. conclusion D. intention

10.A. pride B. culture C. fortune D. relationship

11.A. leaders B. partners C. winners D. learners

12.A. rewards B. vacations C. health D. honor

13.A. risked  B. missed  C. considered  D. practiced

14.A. defeat B. depression C. accident D. mistake

15.A. expand B. improve C. relax D. defend

   An elderly lady ①_____ lives near me keeps her garden so beautiful. It has an abundance of flowers and colours. The weather is not too good here at the moment, and actually it ②_____ (rain). One day I drove past this elderly lady's house and ③_____ garden was showing signs of winter by way of few flowers. I knocked on her door and she came out. She didn't know me and I told her I had flowers for her.

    She said she couldn't imagine she would ④_____ (give) flowers. I told her I was giving them to her because she worked so hard in her garden and we all got to enjoy the ⑤_____ (beautiful) of it. She was ⑥_____ (total) surprised. All she could say was "I don't know ⑦_____ to say". Her name is Elizabeth. ⑧_____ (tear) ran down Elizabeth's face and you would truly think she'd just won a prize.

    Elizabeth told me she loved flowers, and I laughed, ⑨_____ (tell) her I had already knew that! I also gave her a little thank-you card ⑩_____ (let) her know all her hard work in her garden brought joy to others. Elizabeth was so precious to me.

假设你是红星中学的高一学生李华，你研究了 一个关于“保护海洋”的科学课题。请你给英国朋 友Jim写信向他介绍相关内容：

1.目前海洋面临的问题；

2.问题出现的原因；

3.解决措施。

注意:1.词数80左右；

2.可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯。

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阅读下面短文,根据其内容写一篇60词左右的内容概要。

Your Robot Teacher of the Future

    Will your job be done by a robot in the future? Bank of England economists predict that almost half of all UK jobs are under threat of automation. Those most at risk involve repetitive manual labour, such as factory positions. But could even the venerable profession of teaching soon have to compete against powerful electronic educators?

    At first glance, teaching might seem to be unaffected to replacement by robots. Teachers use a range of soft skills that machines find hard to replicate. They judge pupils’ needs and adapt feedback accordingly. They adapt materials to make them more attractive and effective. And they provide pastoral care: looking out for students who lag behind or disrupt the class.

    Nonetheless, some believe the future of education will be technological. In an interview with Business Insider magazine, futurist Thomas Frey predicts that “by 2030 the largest company on the Internet is going to be an education-based company that we haven’t heard of yet.”

    He thinks that “bots”—online robot teachers—will make education so efficient that students will be able to compress an entire undergraduate degree into six months of learning. A bot learns what your “interests” and “reference points” are, and it “figures out” how to teach you in a faster and faster way over time, according to Frey.

    Whether or not such incredible speeds will be reached, over the last decade there has been a huge increase in online learning platforms. Companies such as Udemy and Khan Academy produce courses that allow millions to learn at home for free at their own pace. But there are limitations. Without the face-to-face stimulation of a classroom environment, the overwhelming majority of students fail to complete online courses. How to sustain motivation to learn is one more skill that online teachers will need to master.

    Indeed, Frey admits there is some way to go: “Nobody has quite cracked the code for the future of education.” What do teachers themselves think about this? Professor Donald Clark from Derby University in the UK thinks that we should welcome change, even though people will lose their jobs.

    “Artificial intelligence will destroy jobs—so why not use it for a social good such as learning?” he asked.

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答案以及解析

答案：1.C; 2.C; 3.D
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一部分可知,No Looking Back这本书讲述的是一个不幸的女孩遭遇了两次车祸的故事,故选C项。
2.推理判断题。根据第三部分中的“Blind since the age of four, the author led a lonely childhood in India”可知,Face to Face这本书中作者讲述了自己孤独的童年故事,故选C项。
3.推理判断题。第一本书介绍的一个名叫Shivani的女孩经历的两次意外事故,拒绝伤痛阻止她实现抱负的励志故事;第二本书介绍的是10名体育运动员克服种种困难,为国争光,取得优异成绩的故事;第三本书介绍的是自小失明的作者本人到美国求学并获得哈佛大学学位,成为一名作家的励志故事;第四本书介绍的是一位名叫Esther Earl的青少年被诊断患有癌症仍然很积极乐观并鼓舞成千上万的其他人的故事。故四本书都有激励他人的作用,选D项。

答案：1.C; 2.D; 3.C; 4.B
解析：1.细节理解题。根据第一段最后一句可知,鼻子可以检测到几乎各种气味,所以人们不会觉得鼻子会累。
2.细节理解题。根据第二段第一句可知,鼻子过滤掉相同的旧气味,是为检测新的、奇怪的气味腾出空间,所以说嗅觉疲劳是一件好事。
3.推理判断题。通过最后一段可知,检查你自己气味的其他方法包括4种:脱下你的衬衫闻一闻;摩擦皮肤,然后闻手指;舔一下胳膊,等一秒钟,然后再闻一闻;让别人闻一闻。
4.推理判断题。由第三段第二、三句可知,当气味从我们身边飘过时,鼻子里的嗅觉感受器会检测到它们的特殊化学成分,并将电信号发送到大脑的额叶皮层,最后做出判断决定是逃离还是走近。

答案：1.B; 2.C; 3.A; 4.B
解析：1.语篇解读本文是一篇记叙文,讲述了棒球明星罗伯托•克莱门特的人生经历。推理判断题。根据第二段第二、三句In 1972, there was an earthquake in Nicaragua. On December 31 of that year, Clemente flew to Nicaragua to take supplies to the people.可知, 在1972年尼加拉瓜发生地震后,克莱门特飞往尼加拉瓜,为那里的人民运送物资。据此可推知,克莱门特是一位关心人民和世界的人,故B项正确。
2.细节理解题。根据第三段尾句中的In 1999, the city of Pittsburgh, where he played baseball 可知,他曾在匹兹堡打过棒球,故C项正确。
3.细节理解题。根据最后一段尾句The commissioner further honored Clemente by creating a sportsmanship award in his name.可知,为表彰克莱门特,总干事还以克莱门特的名字设立了体育精神奖,故A项正确。
4.推理判断题。通读全文可知,本文讲述了棒球明星罗伯托•克莱门特的人生经历。据此可推知,本文最可能选自体育杂志,故B项正确。

答案：1-4 CDCD

解析：1.主旨大意题。B项为干扰项，以偏概全。文章主要讲了焦虑的负面影响。故选C项。

2.推理判断题。第一段是为导入语篇主题做铺垫。作者借用John Daly的例子说明过多的焦虑对运动员比赛有着负面影响，以便引出下文。

3.细节理解题。第三段中 As time goes on, the age at which children suffer from anxiety is becoming younger.只是说孩子遭受焦虑的年龄提前了，并未说焦虑不会影响老年人。从第二段中The terror you experience as a result of anxiety is so overwhelming that it may even lead to body paralysis(瘫痪).得知paralysis的直接原因是terror。从第六段中In fact，49% of anxious adults report having left education early and 24% indicate anxiety as the primary reason.得知，焦虑只占早期辍学原因的24%。从第五段中 Again, this can have a negative impact on their performance because they are unable to communicate with the teacher by asking questions.得知，C项正确。

4.推理判断题。从第二段中 When this happens, it becomes more difficult for your body to move fluently and efficiently, meaning actions and movements become unnatural.得知A项错误；从第四段 It has been proven that students with anxiety score lower on tests than students who do not suffer from anxiety.得知C项错误。B项没有提及。故选D项。

答案：①-⑤ CFBDE

解析：①空格位于首段段尾，起承上启下的作用。由后面的小标题可知，这句话要引出小标题中出现的四个习惯。选项C"I have made a list of four habits to..."的内容与标题相符合，且是经典的引出下文的句式。故选C。

②空格位于段中。这个空格位于第一个小标题下。小标题是"Know your values.（了解你的价值所在）"，选项F中的what you value most与小标题内容一致，故选F。

③空格位于段中。这个空格位于第二个小标题下。第二个小标题为"Pick a goal and focus on it.（选一个目标并集中精力于这个目标）"，选项B"The more focused you are on one goal... （你越集中精力于一个目标……）"与小标题内容一致，故选B。

④空格位于段中。这个空格位于第三个小标题下。第三个小标题为"Set a date for success.（为成功设置期限）"，选项D"Keep it realistic, while not giving yourself too much time.（这个期限要现实，然而不能给你自己太多的时间）"与小标题内容一致，故选D。

⑤空格位于小标题处。由小标题下内容"Use failure. Treat it as a good thing, and go on.（利用失败。把它当做好事情，继续坚持）"可知，本段谈论内容与失败有关。故选E。

答案：1-5 CBDDB 6-10 BACBA 11-15 CBDAB

解析：1.需要后天努力（effort）才能成功。test测验；luck运气；nature本性。

2.通读全文可知，这是作者的一次经历（experience）。experiment实验；visit参观；show演出。

3.空格处与下一段中的"Being the coach of the new team..."呼应，由此可知作者是作为主教练（head coaching job）。operate操作；edit编辑；consult咨询。

4.在春季训练结束的时候，老队和新（new）队之间进行一场比赛是这个学校的传统。这句话与下文中的"Being the coach of the new team..."呼应。successful成功的；excellent极好的；strong强壮的。

5.句意：老队没有教练，他们甚至不练习去准备（prepare for）比赛。根据语境可知，还未进行比赛，应是在做准备。cheer for为……欢呼；help with帮忙……；finish with完成，结束。

6."我"无法相信（believe）"我们"被打败了。agree同意；describe描述；regret遗憾。

7.作者意识到（realize）这支球队可能不是佐治亚州第一的球队，但是他们依赖作者。与句首的thinking hard呼应，"想"和"意识到"是过程与结果的关系。claim宣称；permit允许；demand要求。

8.作者意识到这支球队可能不是佐治亚州第一的球队，但是他们依赖（depend on）作者。react to作出反应；look for寻找；care about关心。

9.句意：我必须改变我对他们能力和潜能的态度（attitude）。decision决定；conclusion结论；intention意图。

10.句意：我开始做任何我能做的事情帮他们树立一点自尊心（pride）。 culture文化；fortune运气；relationship关系。

11.根据语境可知，作者没有将他们当失败者，相反将他们看作是胜利者（winner），leader领导；partner合作伙伴；learner学习者。

12.句意：那个夏天，当其他队去享受假期（vacation）的时候，我们每天见面，练习传球和踢球。reward奖励；health健康；honor荣誉。

13.此空格与下文中的on the spring practice field呼应。在春季训练场地内肯定是练习（practice）传球和踢球。risk冒险；miss失去，想念；consider考虑。

14.在春季训练场遭受失败（defeat）六个月后，"我们"赢得了一次又一次的胜利，并继续提高技能。此空格与上文中的"...we were defeated."相呼应。depression沮丧；accident事故；mistake错误。

15.此处指在比赛中，技能一次又一次得到提高（improve）。expand扩张；relax放松；defend辩护，防护。

答案：①. who/ that②. is raining③. the④. be given⑤. beauty ⑥. totally⑦. what⑧. Tears⑨. telling⑩. to let

解析：①who/ that考查定语从句。设空处引导定语从句修饰先行词An elderly lady，且在从句中作主语。

②is raining考查动词时态。根据at the moment可知，此处表示“正在下雨”，应该用现在进行时。

③考查冠词。设空处修饰名词garden，该词在文中是第二 次出现，为特指。

④考查被动语态。give与she之间是被动关系，且设空处位于情态动词后，故填be given。

⑤考查名词。根据此处的the…of…结构可知，设空处为中心词，应用名词形式。

⑥考查副词。空后的surprised为形容词，故此处用副词修饰形容词。

⑦考查疑问词。此处为“疑问词+不定式”结构，不定式中的动词say没有宾语，故用疑问词what。

⑧考查名词复数。设空处作句子的主语，表示“泪水”，且此处无限定词。故用名词的复数形式。

⑨考查现在分词作状语。设空处的动作tell作laughed的伴随状语，且与主语I之间是主动关系。故用现在分词形式。

⑩考查不定式。此处为不定式作目的状语。

答案：

Dear Jim,

    How is everything going there?

    Recently, I just have finished my science subject which is about Ocean Conservancy. It is said that the ocean is facing unprecedented pollution. Abundant marine resources are being depleted, and artificial waste kills countless ocean lives every year.

    There are two main reasons for these problems. First of all the discharge of untreated industrial wastewater from coastal industries is the main cause of serious pollution of coastal marine water quality. Second, overfishing destroys the marine food chain. Therefore, I think the government should strengthen the supervision of the coastal enterprises and set up the closed season to ensure the fish breeding.

Yours,

Li Hua

答案：    The article introduces the possibility of a robot teacher in the future.(要点1)Since robots may replace humans in factories, it is possible that teaching will be done by robots.(要点2)Teachers use soft skills such as feedback and personal care at classrooms. However, online robot teachers will know a learner’s weakness and strengths, so they provide efficient teaching.(要点3)Companies like Udemy and Khan Academy provide free courses online but students lack motivation to finish their lessons. Anyway, AI is welcomed to do good to learning.(要点4)