【备战2023高考】英语考点全复习——考点39 完形填空夹叙夹议文（15空）（重难题型）（全国通用）

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考点 39-完形填空夹叙夹议文（15空）（重难题型）

夹叙夹议文是近年来高考完形填空常见的一种体裁，这类体裁的文章一般具有哲理性，往往从一件看似平淡的小事中领悟出深刻的人生哲理，因此耐人寻味，可读性较强。
在语言方面，这类体裁的文章既有记叙文的特点，同时又具有议论文的特点。在结构上，该文体采用“先叙后议”“先议后叙”或“叙议交替”的写作模式，旨在记叙的基础上，通过议论的手段，说明作者的态度、观点、思想和目的。选材上会源于真实生活，平淡叙述中流露人间真情，体现理性思维，人文情怀、参与社会的人文素养。在词性上仍会以实词为主，其中动词会占半壁江山，虚词几乎不会考查，并且完形填空题注重对文章语境的理解。难易上，句内层次题（答案由设空所在句子决定，多凭语感可知答案）和句组层次题（答案由设空临近句子决定，需前后寻找信息或暗示）较容易且所占比重较大，语篇层次题（答案由整篇文章的内涵决定，需统揽全局）考查较少但难度较大。

针对高考夹叙夹议性的完形填空题，解答技巧如下：
1． 分析结构，抓住作者观点。
在做题时要借助文章结构，认真体会记叙和议论的关系，抓住作者的观点，明确文章的组织方式。看文章属于上述哪种结构，从而明白作者的思路。
2． 重视首句，把握文章主题。
首句往往是文章的关键句、引题句或主题句。通过首句可以初步判断文章的写作目的，为全面理解文章打开一扇“窗户”。
3． 叙议兼顾，理解议论内涵。
夹叙夹议中叙与议是一个有机的整体，叙是议的基础，而议是叙的升华。在读这类文章时，掌握议论部分的内容是关键，因为叙述是为作者的议论而服务的。所以只有把故事和哲理联系起来，再结合人物心理和行为的描述，全面把握文章才能正确解题。
4． 抓住转换，理清逻辑关系。
抓住记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式，理清上下文之间的逻辑关系，在充分把握语境的基础上，辨析词语，进一步把握作者的观点、态度，找到正确答案。
解答完形填空题需具备“题文齐读”的技能，也即是一边读文，一边用眼睛的余光扫一下题目。这项技能要求较高，运用此法要保证注意力高度集中，要具备较强的聚合思维。在平时的训练中要多尝试应用才能默化成规，内化于心。通常，在具体的解题中，需掌握以下解题方法：
1．利用平行结构解题
平行结构是指结构相同或相似、意思密切相连、语气一致的句子或词组组成一串排列的语言现象(如由and, or等连接的短语或句子)。此种结构形式整齐匀称，内容联系紧密，利用它可以提高解题效率。

(2019·全国卷Ⅲ)“People have been 53 there and standing there and taking 54.pictures of each other，” Ro says. “The town square was totally 55.full ...”
A．driving B．hiding
C．camping D．sitting
【答案】D　
【解析】and用于连接平行结构，与设空后standing对应的应该是sitting。
故选：D。
2．利用语境暗示解题
上下文或语境具体体现为：全文的中心和主题、作者的态度和评价、上下文的语篇衔接、句际和段际关系。无论是句内层次题还是句组层次题，我们常可通过上下文或语境暗示，推导出正确答案。

(2020·全国卷Ⅰ)I wonder if 49.parents should always tell the truth no matter the 50.consequences. I have a very strong 51.fear that the lie we're telling is doing 52 damage to our children.
A．physical B．biological
C．spiritual D．behavioral
【答案】C
【解析】本题可以利用语境暗示解题。根据语境可知，此处指“我有一种强烈的害怕，害怕我们正在说的谎言会对孩子们造成心灵的(spiritual)伤害”。
故选：C。
3．利用情感态度解题
在做完形填空时，我们一定要在快速阅读文章的基础上，留意能够反映作者态度和感情色彩的词汇。因为这些词汇通常为我们做题的重要参考线索，可帮助我们快速确定某些题目的答案。

(2021·天津高考3月)For most people, having things stolen feels like an offence. Robbie Pruitt admitted that he got 16 when he discovered the theft of his mountain bike last September. But soon enough, his 17.emotions took a turn. After letting go of his anger and frustration, he found himself on a road to sympathy 18.instead.
A．amazed B．mad
C．curious D．frightened
【答案】B　
【解析】句意：Robbie Pruitt(罗比·普鲁伊特)承认，去年9月发现他的山地车被盗时，他很生气。 amazed “惊讶的”；mad “生气的”；curious “好奇的”；frightened “害怕的”。根据下文“letting go of his anger”可知，发现车被偷，Robbie Pruitt当时很生气。
故选：B。
4．利用生活常识或文化背景解题
完形填空中往往渗透着诸如文化科学、历史地理、风俗人情等方面的知识，做题时利用这些知识，特别是注意中西方文化差异，巧妙地加以运用将会大大简化分析与判断过程，节省宝贵的时间。

(2020·天津高考)Jones was 21 when she said that she didn't actually 22.mind being cheated.
A．ashamed B．shocked
C．excited D．amused
【答案】B　
【解析】ashamed “羞愧的”；shocked “震惊的”；excited “兴奋的”；amused “逗乐的；觉得好笑的”。根据常识可知，一个人被骗了很多钱，她一定会很生气。然而，这位老妇人却说她不介意。所以Jones(琼斯)很震惊。
故选：B。


Close 1
（2022·青海·模拟预测）A friend of mine recently said something nice to me.
“Those sunglasses just don’t ____1____ you,” she told me.
What was nice wasn’t the ____2____into my sunglasses, but my friend’s honesty. She wasn’t being ____3____. She wasn’t trying to hurt me. She really wanted what was best for me, and so she ____4____causing offense to tell me what I needed to hear.
It is rare, this kind of honesty. And it’s getting rarer.
We live in an age when social media is changing our ____5____communications. We post highly considered status updates on Facebook. We “like” the pictures of people we may not like ____6____, and leave comments on other people’s posts that are ____7____ and meaningless.
We are ____8____how to be real with each other.
We chat with a (an) ____9____ who has lipstick on her teeth and we pretend not to notice. We see our friend wearing an awful outfit and reassure her it’s fine. We ignore phone calls, or pretend to be busy, _____10_____telling someone we don’t want to see them. And when we get our feelings hurt, we _____11_____it down, because it’s far less difficult than facing the person who hurts us.
And we also refrain (避免) from being honest about ourselves when we are with friends. Sure, we might write about our emotional problems later, once the _____12_____ is over.
We don’t talk about these problems _____13_____ we’re deep in them, because they’re scary and make us weak. We keep the facade (假象) up and the smiles wide and the Instagram photos nice. And then when things _____14_____-when we end up in hospital, or unemployed-our friends are shocked, because they didn’t see it coming.
We didn’t let them see it coming.
Honesty is difficult, but without it, we can’t connect with each other.
Start small. Let someone know if they have lipstick on their teeth. Tell your friend that no, the outfit isn’t the best, maybe consider something else. Tell your friend _____15_____ that you won’t be at her party, but you wish her all the best. Let your loved ones know when they’ve hurt you, and be prepared to hear the same from them. Be a little more real on social media, for your sake as much as for everyone else’s.
1．A．fit B．suit C．adapt D．attract
2．A．certainty B．anxiety C．worry D．insight
3．A．critical B．practical C．frank D．professional
4．A．minded B．risked C．avoid D．enjoyed
5．A．direct B．interpersonal C．private D．public
6．A．at first B．at once C．at all D．at last
7．A．incorrect B．insincere C．instant D．indifferent
8．A．losing B．caring C．forgetting D．considering
9．A．acquaintance B．stranger C．staff D．foreigner
10．A．more than B．less than C．other than D．rather than
11．A．lay B．eat C．swallow D．set
12．A．story B．crisis C．case D．task
13．A．and B．so C．while D．or
14．A．fall apart B．take apart C．break apart D．draw apart
15．A．frankly B．regretfully C．briefly D．exactly
【导语】本文是一篇议论文，主要讲的是我们生活在一个社交媒体正在改变我们的人际交流的时代，我们正在忘记如何真实地对待彼此，坦诚很难，但是如果缺乏坦诚，我们彼此就无法沟通，因此我们可以从小事做起，学会坦诚。
1．【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那副墨镜不适合你。A. fit适合；B. suit适合；C. adapt适应；D. attract吸引。由下一段的“my friend’s honesty”可知，朋友是告诉作者墨镜不适合作者，fit是大小尺寸上适合，suit是款式，风格上适合，因此空格处用suit，故选B。
2．【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：好的不是对墨镜的洞察力，而是我朋友的诚实。A. certainty确定性；B. anxiety焦虑；C. worry担心；D. insight洞悉，了解。由上文“Those sunglasses just don’t ____1____ you”可知，作者朋友说的那句话是基于朋友对墨镜的洞察，故选D。
3．【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：她不是在批评我。A. critical批判的；B. practical实际的；C. frank坦白的；D. professional专业的。由上文“Those sunglasses just don’t ____1____ you”可知，作者朋友说墨镜不适合作者，表面看来是批判，但是作者认为不是，故选A。
4．【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她真的是为了我好，所以她冒着冒犯别人的风险告诉我我需要听的。A. minded介意；B. risked冒……的危险；C. avoid避免；D. enjoyed喜欢。由后文“causing offense to tell me what I needed to hear”可知，她冒着冒犯别人的风险告诉作者他需要听的，故选B。
5．【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们生活在一个社交媒体正在改变我们人际交流的时代。A. direct直接的；B. interpersonal人际的；C. private私下的；D. public公共的。由后文“communications”可知，此处指的是人际交流，故选B。
6．【答案】C
【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：我们“喜欢”我们可能根本不喜欢的人的照片，并在别人的帖子上留下不真诚和无意义的评论。A. at first起初；B. at once立刻；C. at all（否定句）根本；D. at last最终。由上文“We “like” the pictures of people”可知，like带有引号，表示反话，因此句子表示“我们“喜欢”我们可能根本不喜欢的人的照片”，空格处是“根本”，故选C。
7．【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们“喜欢”我们可能根本不喜欢的人的照片，并在别人的帖子上留下不真诚和无意义的评论。A. incorrect不正确的；B. insincere不真诚的；C. instant立刻的；D. indifferent冷淡的。由后文“and meaningless”可知，句子表示“在别人的帖子上留下不真诚和无意义的评论”，故选B。
8．【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们正在忘记如何对彼此坦诚。A. losing失去；B. caring关心；C. forgetting忘记；D. considering考虑。由后文“how to be real with each other”及前面的“leave comments on other people’s posts that are ____7____ and meaningless”可知，句子表示“我们正在忘记如何对彼此坦诚”，故选C。
9．【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们和一个牙齿上有口红的熟人聊天，我们假装没有注意到。A. acquaintance熟人；B. stranger陌生人；C. staff全体员工；D. foreigner外国人。由后文“who has lipstick on her teeth and we pretend not to notice”和“We see our friend wearing an awful outfit and reassure her it’s fine”可知，我们和一个牙齿上有口红的熟人聊天，我们假装没有注意到，故选A。
10．【答案】D
【解析】考查固定短语辨析。句意：我们忽略电话，或者假装很忙，而不是告诉别人我们不想见他们。A. more than超过；B. less than少于；C. other than除了；D. rather than而不是。由上文“We ignore phone calls, or pretend to be busy”和后文“telling someone we don’t want to see them”可知，句子表示“我们忽略电话，或者假装很忙，而不是告诉别人我们不想见他们”，空格处意为“而不是”，故选D。
11．【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我们的感情受到伤害时，我们会忍气吞声，因为这比面对伤害我们的人要容易得多。A. lay放置；B. eat吃；C. swallow吞下；D. set设置。由后文“it down, because it’s far less difficult than facing the person who hurts us”可知，当我们的感情受到伤害时，我们会忍气吞声，因为这比面对伤害我们的人要容易得多，空格处意为“吞下”，故选C。
12．【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当然，一旦危机结束，我们可能会在之后写下我们的情感问题。A. story故事；B. crisis危机；C. case情况；D. task任务。由后文“We don’t talk about these problems”可知，一旦危机结束，我们可能会在之后写下我们的情感问题，故选B。
13．【答案】C
【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：当我们深陷其中时，我们不会谈论这些问题，因为它们让我们害怕，让我们软弱。A. and和；B. so因此；C. while当……的时候；D. or或者。由后文“we’re deep in them, because they’re scary and make us weak”可知，句子表示“当我们深陷其中时，我们不会谈论这些问题”，故选C。
14．【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：然后，当事情搞砸了——当我们进了医院，或者失业了——我们的朋友都很震惊，因为他们没有预见到这一切的到来。A. fall apart土崩瓦解；B. take apart拆开；C. break apart使……分裂开；D. draw apart分离。由后文“when we end up in hospital, or unemployed”可知，事情搞砸了，也就是一切都土崩瓦解，故选A。
15．【答案】A
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：坦率地告诉你的朋友，你不会参加她的派对，但你希望她一切都好。A. frankly坦白地；B. regretfully懊悔地；C. briefly简短地；D. exactly确切地。由后文“that you won’t be at her party”可知，句子表示“坦率地告诉你的朋友”，故选A。
Close 2
（2022·山东临沂·三模）For many years, I was so wrapped up in my kids and my family that I ignored how I looked. The words “____16____maintenance” described my approach to beauty perfectly.
It wasn’t until recently, when I had my picture taken for a work ID, that I ____17____ the “Youth Train” had left the station, and I was no longer on it. The woman in the ID picture looked ____18____ and definitely middle-aged.
For a few days, I was a little ____19____ by the fact that I was no longer the sweet, young thing I thought I was. For those few days, I tried a little harder to ____20____ younger, brighter and tighter. I ____21____ with my hair and added extra eyeliner.
I thought I was ____22____ in my seeking for a youthful glow until one of my new co-workers ____23____ asked me a question that told me I was ____24____ only myself. “I don’t suppose you know what beauty is, do you?” she asked.
That simple question opened my weary eyes once and for all. My family ____25____ me not for my no-longer-shiny hair but because the ____26____ I’m playing, that is my husband’s wife and my kids’ mom.
Someone once said that ____27____ is the first gift given and the first one taken away. I agree but only when it comes to ____28____ beauty. When it comes to staying young, a mind-lift ____29____ a face-lift any day. The ____30____ beauty, the stuff inside that all of us have, lasts a lifetime.
16．A．delicate B．constant C．slight D．low
17．A．realized B．recognized C．acknowledged D．recommended
18．A．energetic B．cautious C．enthusiastic D．tired
19．A．confused B．interested C．bothered D．desired
20．A．act B．dress C．behave D．pretend
21．A．tied up B．cut away C．took turns D．took pains
22．A．sending B．turning C．succeeding D．bringing
23．A．casually B．temporarily C．briefly D．improperly
24．A．teaching B．fooling C．decorating D．enjoying
25．A．loves B．helps C．changes D．shapes
26．A．trick B．role C．joke D．game
27．A．relief B．belief C．power D．beauty
28．A．inner B．natural C．outside D．moral
29．A．beats B．meets C．warms D．restricts
30．A．behavioral B．genuine C．physical D．biological
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在文章讲述了自己因为多年照顾家庭而忽略自己的外表，想要通过一些行为来表现得更年轻，同事不经意的询问让她开始反思什么是真正的美，最后她明白了内在美比外在美更重要、更持久。
16．【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：“轻微保养”这个词完美地描述了我的美容方法。A. delicate精致的；B. constant频繁的；C. slight轻度的；D. low低的。根据上文“For many years, I was so wrapped up in my kids and my family that I ignored how I looked. (多年来，我太专注于我的孩子和我的家庭，而忽略了我的外表)”可知，作者多年没有注重保养，所以此处用slight来修饰“保养”，符合语境。故选C。
17．【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：直到最近，当我拍了一张工作证的照片，我才意识到“青年列车”已经离开了车站，而我已经不在车上了。A. realized意识到；B. recognized识别出；C. acknowledged承认；D. recommended推荐。根据下文“The woman in the ID picture looked 　　3　　and definitely middle-aged.(身份证照片上的女人看起来很疲惫，绝对是中年)”可知，作者意识到自己已到中年，所以此处表达“意识到”青年列车已离开。故选A。
18．【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：身份证照片上的女人看起来很疲惫，绝对是中年。A. energetic有活力的；B. cautious谨慎的；C. enthusiastic热情的；D. tired疲惫的。 根据上文提到作者看到工作证照片意识到青春不再，以及此处提到“绝对是中年”可知，照片上的人看起来很“疲惫”。故选D。
19．【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：有几天，我有点心烦意乱，因为我不再是我以为的那个可爱的、年轻的人了。A. confused困惑；B. interested对……感兴趣；C. bothered(使)烦恼；D. desired渴望。根据语境“因为我不再是我以为的那个可爱的、年轻的人了”可知，作者有几天为这件事烦恼。故选C。
20．【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那几天里，我努力表现得更年轻、更聪明、更紧致。A. act表现；B. dress穿着；C. behave行为；D. pretend假装。根据下文“I 　　6　　 with my hair and added extra eyeliner.(我把头发扎起来，还画了眼线)”可知，作者做了这些行为来表现自己更年轻、更聪明、更紧致。 故选A。
21．【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：我把头发扎起来，还画了眼线。A. tied up系紧；B. cut away切掉；C. took turns轮流；D. took pains尽力。根据上文可知，作者在因为自己青春不再而困扰的那几天，努力表现地更年轻，结合此处的宾语hair可知，此处表示“系紧头发”。故选A。
22．【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我以为我成功地找到了一种年轻的光彩，直到我的一个新同事不经意地问了我一个问题，这告诉我我只是在欺骗自己。A. sending寄送； B. turning转； C. succeeding成功做； D. bringing带来。根据后半句句意“直到我的一个新同事不经意地问了我一个问题，这告诉我我只是在欺骗自己。”可推知，作者原以为自己努力表现得更年轻的行为“成功了” ，然而事实却没有。故选C。
23．【答案】A
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我以为我成功地找到了一种年轻的光彩，直到我的一个新同事不经意地问了我一个问题，这告诉我我只是在欺骗自己。A. casually随便地，不经意地； B. temporarily暂时地； C. briefly简短地；D. improperly不合适地。根据下文““I don’t suppose you know what beauty is, do you?” she asked.(“我想你不知道什么是美，对吧？”她问道)”可知，在观察作者的行为后，对于作者的同事来说，这个问题是在不经意地询问，其他选项不符合语境，故选A。
24．【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我以为我成功地找到了一种年轻的光彩，直到我的一个新同事不经意地问了我一个问题，这告诉我我只是在欺骗自己。A. teaching教；B. fooling欺骗；C. decorating装饰；D. enjoying享受。根据下文““I don’t suppose you know what beauty is, do you?” she asked.(“我想你不知道什么是美，对吧？”她问道)”可知，作者的这些表现得年轻的行为，让别人觉得她不明白真正的美，所以她此时明白她的行为只是在欺骗自己。故选B。
25．【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的家人爱我，不是因为我不再有光泽的头发，而是因为我扮演的角色，那就是我丈夫的妻子和我孩子的妈妈。A. loves喜爱；B. helps帮助；C. changes改变；D. shapes形成。根据语境可知，此处表达因为作者的在家庭中是妻子和妈妈的角色，所以自己的家人“爱我”。故选A。
26．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的家人爱我，不是因为我不再有光泽的头发，而是因为我扮演的角色，那就是我丈夫的妻子和我孩子的妈妈。A. trick诡计；B. role角色；C. joke笑话；D. game游戏。根据“我丈夫的妻子和我孩子的妈妈”可知，这是作者在家庭中的“角色” 。故选B。
27．【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：有人曾经说过，美丽是第一个被赐予的礼物，也是第一个被拿走的礼物。A. relief缓解；B. belief信念；C. power力量；D. beauty美丽。根据下文“ I agree but only when it comes to 　　13　　beauty.(我同意，但只有当涉及到外在美时) ”可知，作者此处表达的是“美丽”是第一个被赐予也是第一个被收走的礼物，故选D。
28．【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我同意，但只有当涉及到外在美时。A. inner内在的；B. natural自然的；C. outside外在的；D. moral道德的。根据下文“When it comes to staying young, a mind-lift 　　14　　a face-lift any day. The 　　15　　beauty, the stuff inside that all of us have, lasts a lifetime.(说到保持年轻，精神提升总比整容好。真正的美，我们所有人都拥有的内在美，会持续一生)”可知，作者认为内在美比外在美更重要，保持得更久，所以此处她表示“只有涉及到外在美的时候”，它才是第一个被赐予也是第一个被收走的礼物。故选C。
29．【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：说到保持年轻，精神提升总比整容好。A. beats打败；B. meets满足；C. warms温暖；D. restricts限制。根据下文“The 　　15　　beauty, the stuff inside that all of us have, lasts a lifetime.(真正的美，我们所有人都拥有的内在美，会持续一生)”可知，内在美很重要，可以保持一生，所以相比之下，内在精神比外在容貌更重要，beats此处意为“将其打败”，表示“比它更好”。故选A。
30．【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：真正的美，我们所有人都拥有的内在美，会持续一生。A. behavioral行为的；B. genuine真正的；C. physical身体上的；D. biological生物学的。 根据前文内容可知，作者通过自己的事例，最后感悟出，内在美比外在美更重要更持久，所以此处表示内在美是“真正的美”。故选B。
Close 3
（2022·辽宁葫芦岛·二模）While I was riding a bike, I noticed a man about half a mile in front of me. He was traveling at a lower speed, so I decided to ____31____ him. I had about a mile to go on the road before turning off.
I started ____32____ faster and faster. And every block, I gradually closed the distance. Finally, I ____33____ him and passed him by. I felt like a winner, ____34____ he seemed unaware that we were in a ____35____.
After I passed him, I realized that I had been so ____36____ on competing against him that I had missed my ____37____, had gone nearly six blocks past it and had to turn around.
Isn’t that what ____38____ in life? We spend most of our time ____39____ with neighbors, friends and family, trying to _____40_____ them, or trying to outdo them — while there was never a competition in the first place.
We use most of our time and energy in competitions, where we miss out our own paths to our _____41_____.
Unhealthy competition is a continous process and a never-ending cycle. No matter what you do, someone will always be _____42_____ you; someone with a better job, a nice car and more money.
So stop doing that! Just feel _____43_____ for what life has offered you. Stay concentrated on your _____44_____, and live a healthy life. There’s no competition in destiny. _____45_____ your own race of life and wish others well!
31．A．remind B．pass C．approach D．follow
32．A．running B．driving C．walking D．cycling
33．A．caught up with B．put up with C．kept with D．came up with
34．A．when B．as C．because D．while
35．A．test B．project C．race D．task
36．A．focused B．depended C．affected D．impressed
37．A．target B．turn C．block D．appointment
38．A．happens B．remains C．offers D．works
39．A．celebrating B．communicating C．arguing D．competing
40．A．encourage B．help C．defeat D．please
41．A．college B．destination C．business D．competition
42．A．next to B．behind C．around D．ahead of
43．A．beautiful B．grateful C．careful D．successful
44．A．advantage B．competitor C．position D．challenge
45．A．Live B．Drive C．Run D．Ride
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲由作者和别人比赛超车而引发对生活的的感悟。
31．【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他以较低的速度行驶，所以我决定超越他。A. remind提醒；B. pass通过；C. approach走近；D. follow跟随。由后文“passed him by”可知，作者想“超过”他。故选B项。
32．【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始骑自行车越来越快。A. running跑步；B. driving驾驶；C. walking步行；D. cycling骑自行车。由前文“riding a bike”可知，作者应是“骑自行车”越来越快。故选D项。
33．【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：最后，我赶上了他，从他身边经过。 A. caught up with赶上；B. put up with忍受；C. kept with陪伴；D. came up with想出。由后文“ passed him by”可知，作者应是先“追上”然后再超过。故选A项。
34．【答案】D
【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：我感觉自己像个胜利者，而他似乎不知道我们在比赛中。A. when当；B. as随着；C. because因为；D. while然而（表对比）。由前文“felt like a winner”和后文“he seemed unaware”可知，前后之间为对比关系。故选D项。
35．【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. test测试；B. project项目；C. race比赛；D. task任务。由后文“competing against him”可知，作者认为他们在“比赛”，然后他却没有意识到。故选C项。
36．【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在我超过他之后，我意识到我一直在全神贯注地与他比赛，以至于错过了我的转弯，过了将近六个街区，不得不掉头。A. focused集中注意力；B. depended依赖；C. affected受影响；D. impressed印象深刻。由后文“missed ”可知，作者如此“集中注意力”比赛以至于忘了转弯了。故选A项。
37．【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. target目标；B. turn转弯；C. block街区；D. appointment预约。由后文“ had gone nearly six blocks past it and had to turn around”可知，作者忘记“转弯”了。故选B项。
38．【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这不是生活中发生的事吗？A. happens发生；B. remains保留；C. offers提供；D. works工作。由后文“trying to outdo them”可知，和别人比赛的事情也“发生”在我们生活中。故选A项。
39．【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们大部分时间都花在与邻居、朋友和家人竞争上，试图击败他们，或者试图在一开始没有竞争的时候胜过他们。A. celebrating庆祝；B. communicating交流；C. arguing争论；D. competing比赛，竞争。由后文“trying to outdo them”可知，我们在和他们“比赛”。故选D项。
40．【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意见上题解析。A. encourage鼓励；B. help帮助；C. defeat击败；D. please使……满意。由后文“ trying to outdo them”可知，我们在努力“打败”或者胜过他们。故选C项。
41．【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们把大部分时间和精力用在比赛中，我们错过了自己通往目的地的道路。A. college学院；B. destination目的地；C. business商业；D. competition竞赛。由前文“had gone nearly six blocks past it”可知，作者专注于比赛以至于忘了转弯，而我们在与别人比赛中也会忘记自己的“目的地”。故选B项。
42．【答案】D
【解析】考查介词词义和短语辨析。句意：无论你做什么，总会有人走在你的前面；有更好的工作、一辆好车和更多钱的人。A. next to紧挨着；B. behind后面；C. around在……周围；D. ahead of前面。由后文“someone with a better job, a nice car and more money.”可知，有人总会在你“前面”，比你过得好。故选D项。
43．【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：所以别再这样了！只是对生活给予你的东西感到感激。A. beautiful美丽的；B. grateful感激的；C. careful细心的；D. successful成功的。由后文“life has offered you”可知，我们应该停止比赛，学会对生活充满“感激”。故选B项。
44．【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：专注于你的优势，过健康的生活。 A. advantage优势；B. competitor竞争对手；C. position位置；D. challenge挑战。由后文“live a healthy life”以及结合选项可知，我们应注重发展自己的“优势”，过健康生活。故选A项。
45．【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：命运中没有竞争。跑自己的人生之路，祝他人一切顺利！A. Live生活；B. Drive行驶；C. Run跑；D. Ride骑行。由后文“race of life”可知，我们应“跑”自己的人生之路。故选C项。
Close 4
（2022·湖北·荆州中学模拟预测）Like many new graduates, I left university full of hope for the future and wanted to make a ___46___ in the world somehow, but I had no idea how to do that. That’s when I ___47___ the Lighthouse Project.
I started my ___48___ as a Lighthouse Project volunteer by reading as much as I could about the experiences of previous volunteers. I knew it would be ___49___, and that I would be away from my family and friends for a very long time. ___50___, I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project ___51___.
I sent in all the paperwork needed for the application. After countless interviews and presentations, I managed to ___52___ among the candidates and survive the test alone. Several months later, I finally received a call asking me to report for ___53___. I would be going to a small village near Abuja, Nigeria.
After completing my ___54___, I was sent to the village that was small and ___55___ in need of proper accommodation. Though the local villagers were poor, they ___56___ their homes, hearts, and food as if I were their own family. I was asked to lead a small team of local people in building a new schoolhouse. For the next year or so, I ___57___ in that same schoolhouse. But I sometimes thought I learned more from my ___58___ than they did from me.
Sometime during that period, I realized that all those things that had seemed so strange or unusual to me no longer did, though I did not ___59___ anywhere with the local language, and returned to the United States a different man. The Lighthouse Project had changed my ___60___ forever.
46．A．fortune B．difference C．wish D．attempt
47．A．launched B．designed C．knew D．undertook
48．A．journey B．study C．occupation D．business
49．A．adventurous B．brief C．dangerous D．tough
50．A．In turn B．In reward C．In honor D．In short
51．A．seriously B．lightly C．excitedly D．carefully
52．A．stick out B．turn out C．stand out D．pick out
53．A．duty B．call C．application D．performance
54．A．project B．college C．interview D．training
55．A．regularly B．desperately C．hardly D．helplessly
56．A．offered B．donated C．compensated D．sponsored
57．A．studied B．survived C．supported D．taught
58．A．villagers B．colleagues C．students D．competitors
59．A．get B．approach C．wander D．cover
60．A．character B．experience C．interest D．life
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者叙述了自己毕业后参加的灯塔计划，丰富了自己的人生经历，改变了自己的生活。
46．【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：和许多应届毕业生一样，我离开大学时对未来充满希望，想要以某种方式有所作为，但我不知道该如何做。A. fortune财富；B. difference不同；C. wish愿望；D. attempt尝试。根据上文“I left university full of hope for the future”可知，作者毕业后，对未来充满希望，想有所作为。固定短语make a difference“有影响，有所作为”。故选B项。
47．【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：就是在那时，我了解到了灯塔计划。A. launched发动；B. designed设计；C. knew了解；D. undertook承担。根据上文内容可知，作者强调的是，就在自己毕业的时候，想做出一番事业，当这个时候，了解了灯塔计划。故选C项。
48．【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我以灯塔计划志愿者的身份开始了我的旅程，我尽可能多地阅读了以前志愿者的经历。A. journey旅程；B. study学习；C. occupation职业；D. business生意。根据下文“and that I would be away from my family and friends for a very long time”可知，作者要离开家人和朋友一段时间，此处指作者要以灯塔计划志愿者的身份开始了他的旅程。故选A项。
49．【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我知道这将会很艰难，我要离开我的家人和朋友很长一段时间。A. adventurous勇于冒险的；B. brief简短的；C. dangerous危险的；D. tough艰难的。根据下文“and that I would be away from my family and friends for a very long time”可知，作者要离开家人和朋友很长一段时间，将独立面对可能遇到的困难，这将是比较艰难的。故选D项。
50．【答案】D
【解析】考查介词短语辨析。句意：总之，我申请灯塔计划并不是轻率的决定。A. In turn反过来，转而；B. In reward作为报酬；C. In honor纪念；D. In short总之。通读本段，尤其是结合下文“I did not take my decision to apply for the Lighthouse Project ___6___ .”可知，本段最后作者给出概括，in short“总之”用于句首作状语，起到总结作用。故选D项。
51．【答案】B
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：总之，我申请灯塔计划并不是轻率的决定。A. seriously严肃地；B. lightly轻率地；C. excitedly兴奋地；D. carefully仔细地。根据上文“by reading as much as I could about the experiences of previous volunteers”可知，作者以“尽可能多地阅读以前志愿者的经历”开始了他的旅程，说明作者认真对待这次志愿者活动，并不是草率地申请。故选B项。
52．【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：在无数的面试和演讲之后，我设法脱颖而出，独自通过了考试。A. stick out伸出；B. turn out结果是；C. stand out脱颖而出；D. pick out挑选出。根据下文“Several months later, I finally received a call asking me to report for ___8___ .”可推知，他经过努力，在面试和试讲中脱颖而出。故选C项。
53．【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：几个月后，我终于接到了让我去报到的电话。A. duty上班；B. call打电话；C. application申请；D. performance表演。根据下文“I would be going to a small village near Abuja, Nigeria.(我会去尼日利亚阿布贾附近的一个小村庄)”可推知，此处指接到了去报到的电话通知。固定搭配report for duty“报到”。故选A项。
54．【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：培训结束后，我被送到一个迫切需要适当住宿的小村庄。A. project项目；B. college大学；C. interview面试；D. training培训。根据“I was sent to the village”可知，作者作为志愿者被派到当地，在开展工作之前，作者应是经历一个培训。故选D项。
55．【答案】B
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：培训结束后，我被送到一个迫切需要适当住宿的小村庄。A. regularly经常；B. desperately极其；C. hardly几乎不；D. helplessly无助地。根据下文“Though the local villagers were poor”可知，当地村庄非常穷困，所以那里的居住环境不好，迫切需要住宿的地方。故选B项。
56．【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然当地村民很穷，但他们把自己的家、爱心和食物都奉献给我，就像我是他们自己的家人一样。A. offered提供；B. donated捐赠；C. compensated赔偿；D. sponsored赞助。根据Though表达的让步语气及“as if I were their own family”可知，村民虽然很贫穷，却把作者当作家人一样，给作者提供很多他们拥有的东西。故选A项。
57．【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：接下来的一年左右，我就在那一所学校里教书。A. studied学习；B. survived生存；C. supported支持；D. taught教。根据下文“But I sometimes thought I learned more from my ___13___ than they did from me.”可知，作者提到自己从学生身上学到了更多，所以此处指他在这所学校教书。故选D项。
58．【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是我有时认为我从我的学生学到的比他们从我这里学到的更多。A. villagers村民；B. colleagues同事；C. students学生；D. competitors竞争对手。根据“they did from me”可知，作者是老师，向老师学习的应是学生。故选C项。
59．【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：在那段时间的某个时候，我意识到所有那些对我来说似乎很奇怪或不寻常的事情都不再如此了，尽管我由于语言的障碍没去任何地方，回到美国后我变成了另外一个人。A. get到达；B. approach接近；C. wander游荡；D. cover遮盖。结合上下文以及根据“... with the local language.”可知，作者由于语言的障碍没去任何地方。故选A项。
60．【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意；灯塔工程永远地改变了我的生活。A. character性格；B. experience经验；C. interest兴趣；D. life生活。根据上文“Sometime during that period, I realized that all those things that had seemed so strange or unusual to me no longer did”可知，作者意识到所有那些对他来说奇怪或不寻常的事情都不再发生了。由此可知，做灯塔工程志愿者改变了他的生活。故选D项。
Close 5
（2022·山东日照·三模）During a period of two months, the east coast of Florida was hit by three major hurricanes!
When we ____61____ on the morning of September 5, my husband and I stood on the balcony (阳台）and watched the still-powerful winds break huge trees. ____62____, in the midst of these destructive winds, we spotted a flash of color in our ____63____. No more than ten feet from where we stood, a hummingbird (蜂鸟) ____64____ and flew in front of us.
This was the first time we had ever ____65____ a hummingbird in our yard — or in Florida! Because they are rare, the ____66____ of a hummingbird in Brevard County, Florida, is almost a ____67____ in itself.
Although I had been trying to plant all the right plants to ____68____ them, it took a hurricane for me to ____69____ attract them to my yard and to really observe them closely. Almost every day since the hurricanes, I have had the ____70____ of observing the visiting hummingbirds. With a feeder right outside my office window, I get a daily bird’s ____71____.
The hurricane season affected me in a very ____72____ way. Every time I see the hummingbirds, I am ____73____ of the many blessings that nature holds for us: messages of beauty, strength, and determination. But perhaps the greatest ____74____ is that wonders are out there waiting to pay us a visit. We just need to keep ____75____ seeds of beauty and faith, and we need to keep an eye out for the wonders!
61．A．woke up B．stood up C．looked up D．turned up
62．A．Generally B．Gradually C．Normally D．Suddenly
63．A．garden B．room C．balcony D．office
64．A．dropped B．appeared C．remained D．landed
65．A．heard B．drawn C．seen D．caught
66．A．color B．name C．shape D．sight
67．A．symbol B．concept C．belief D．wonder
68．A．attract B．feed C．drive D．impress
69．A．formally B．finally C．regularly D．constantly
70．A．task B．joy C．hope D．plan
71．A．track B．mind C．view D．shadow
72．A．common B．casual C．strange D．positive
73．A．informed B．warned C．reminded D．cured
74．A．message B．hobby C．subject D．chance
75．A．buying B．changing C．receiving D．planting
【导语】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者一直在自家院子里试图种植所有合适的植物来吸引当地罕见的蜂鸟，终于在一次飓风来袭后，蜂鸟出现了。蜂鸟的到来带给作者“美丽，力量和决心的启示”，但是，最大的启示是：奇迹在那里等待着来拜访我们。
61．【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：当我们在9月5日早上醒来时，我和丈夫站在阳台上，看着仍然强大的风折断了参天大树。A. woke up醒来；B. stood up站起来；C. looked up抬头看；D. turned up出现。根据时间on the morning of September 5，早上醒来，woke up符合语境。故选A项。
62．【答案】D
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：突然，在这阵阵破坏性的风中，我们在我们的花园里发现了一抹色彩。A. Generally一般地；B. Gradually逐渐地；C. Normally通常地；D. Suddenly突然。根据下文“No more than ten feet from where we stood, a hummingbird (蜂鸟) 　　　　4　　　and flew in front of us. (离我们站立的地方不到十英尺，一只蜂鸟出现了，并在我们面前飞着。)”可知，飓风天气看见一抹蜂鸟的颜色，很是突然。故选D项。
63．【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：突然，在这阵阵破坏性的风中，我们在我们的花园里发现了一抹色彩。A. garden花园；B. room房间；C. balcony阳台；D. office办公室。根据语境，作者早上醒来后，站在阳台上看外面飓风肆虐，这时飞来一只蜂鸟，因此，蜂鸟出现在阳台外的花园，garden比较符合语境。故选A项。
64．【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：离我们站立的地方不到十英尺，一只蜂鸟出现了，并在我们面前飞着。A. dropped掉落；B. appeared出现；C. remained依然；D. landed降落。根据上文“we spotted a flash of color in our 　　　3　　　.(我们在我们的花园里发现了一抹色彩。)”，下文“and flew in front of us”可知，飓风中，花园里此时出现一只蜂鸟。appeared符合语境，故选B项。
65．【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：这是我们第一次在我们的院子里——或着佛罗里达州，看到蜂鸟！A. heard听到；B. drawn画；C. seen看到；D. caught抓住。下文“Because they are rare, the 　　　　6　　　 of a hummingbird in Brevard County, Florida, is almost a 　 7　　　 in itself. (因为它们很罕见，所以在佛罗里达州布里瓦德县，看见蜂鸟本身几乎是一个奇迹。)”可知，蜂鸟在佛罗里达州实属罕见，seen符合语境。故选C项。
66．【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为它们很罕见，所以在佛罗里达州布里瓦德县，看见蜂鸟本身几乎是一个奇迹。A. color颜色；B. name姓名；C. shape形状；D. sight观看。上文“This was the first time we had ever 　　　5　　　a hummingbird in our yard — or in Florida! (这是我们第一次在我们的院子里——或着佛罗里达州，看到蜂鸟！)”可知，作者第一次在佛罗里达州，而且是自家院子里看见了蜂鸟，sight符合语境。故选D项。
67．【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：因为它们很罕见，所以在佛罗里达州布里瓦德县，看见蜂鸟本身几乎是一个奇迹。A. symbol符号；B. concept概念；C. belief信念；D. wonder奇迹。根据剧中的rare可知，蜂鸟在这里很罕见，所以看见蜂鸟是个奇迹。故选D项。
68．【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我一直试图种植所有合适的植物来吸引它们，但经过一场飓风，我才最终将它们吸引到我的院子里，并真正仔细观察它们。A. attract吸引；B. feed喂养；C. drive驱动；D. impress使……印象深刻。根据后半句“it took a hurricane for me to 　　　9　　　　 attract them to my yard. (经过一场飓风，我才最终将它们吸引到我的院子里)”可知，作者以前也试图“吸引”蜂鸟到院子里来，attract符合语境。故选A项。
69．【答案】B
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：虽然我一直试图种植所有合适的植物来吸引它们，但经过一场飓风，我才最终将它们吸引到我的院子里，并真正仔细观察它们。A. formally正式；B. finally最后；C. regularly定期；D. constantly不断。根据语境，作者的院子里有各种合适蜂鸟食用的植物，在飓风之后，总算派上了用场，吸引蜂鸟来觅食。finally符合语境。故选B项。
70．【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：自飓风以来，几乎每天都有观察来访蜂鸟的喜悦。A. task任务；B. joy喜悦；C. hope希望；D. plan计划。上文“Because they are rare, the 　　6　　　　of a hummingbird in Brevard County, Florida, is almost a 　 7　　　　 in itself.(因为它们很罕见，所以在佛罗里达州布里瓦德县，看见蜂鸟本身几乎是一个奇迹。)”可知，每天都能看见罕见的蜂鸟，给作者带来了喜悦。故选B项。
71．【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的办公室窗户外面有一个喂食器，我每天都可以看到有鸟的风景。A. track轨迹；B. mind心灵；C. view风景；D. shadow影子。根据语境，作者每天可以看见蜂鸟在窗外觅食的风景，view符合语境。故选C项。
72．【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：飓风季节以非常积极的方式影响了我。A. common常见的；B. casual休闲的；C. strange       奇异的；D. positive积极的。下文“Every time I see the hummingbirds, I am 　　　13　　　 of the many blessings that nature holds for us: messages of beauty, strength, and determination.(每次我看到蜂鸟，我都会想起大自然为我们带来的许多祝福：美丽，力量和决心的信息。)”可知，蜂鸟的到来使作者想到了美丽、力量和决心这一些积极向上的信息，故选D项。
73．【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：每次我看到蜂鸟，我都会想起大自然为我们带来的许多祝福：美丽，力量和决心的启示。A. informed通知；B. warned警告；C. reminded提醒；D. cured治愈。上文“The hurricane season affected me in a very 　　　12　　　way.(飓风季节以非常积极的方式影响了我。)”可知，飓风季节到来的蜂鸟，使作者想到一些美好的东西。remind sb of sth，意为“使某人想起……，提醒某人……”。故选C项。
74．【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：但也许最大的启示是，奇迹在那里等待来拜访我们。A. message留言，启示；B. hobby爱好；C. subject主题；D. chance机会。上文“Every time I see the hummingbirds, I am 　　　13　　 of the many blessings that nature holds for us: messages of beauty, strength, and determination.(每次我看到蜂鸟，我都会想起大自然为我们带来的许多祝福：美丽，力量和决心的启示。)”可知，蜂鸟的到来带给作者“美丽，力量和决心的启示”，但是，最大的启示是：奇迹终究会到来。message为复现词，故选A项。
75．【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们只需要不断播下美丽和信仰的种子，我们只需要留意奇迹！A. buying购买；B. changing更换；C. receiving接收；D. planting种植。上文“Although I had been trying to plant all the right plants to 　　　8　　　 them, it took a hurricane for me to 　　　9　　　　 attract them to my yard and to really observe them closely. (虽然我一直试图种植所有合适的植物来吸引它们，但经过一场飓风，我才最终将它们吸引到我的院子里，并真正仔细观察它们。)”可知，plant为复现词，故选D项。
Close 6
（2022·湖北武汉·模拟预测）Opening my car window, I called out, “Ma’am! Ma’am!” The only lady in the parking lot ____76____ until she saw me. “How nice you look today!” I said.
Her face registered ____77____ for a second when she found I was a stranger, and then she smiled. “Thank you!” she ____78____. I stared at her and felt her shoulder ____79____ a bit more and her final steps to her car seemed ____80____.
I have made it a point in recent years to compliment (赞扬) people, especially women and girls. Instead of just thinking ____81____ in my heart that someone did a great job, I say it out loud. It’s like having a(n) ____82____ in my head. When I see someone who ____83____ a kind word, the cheerleader jumps up and down and throws her pompoms (绒球花) in the air. As women, we have learned from our role models to be ____84____. Even when we do receive a(an) ____85____ compliment for what we’ve accomplished, we downplay our own ____86____ as the world expects us to show ____87____. Now, when I compliment a woman and she ____88____ the game of denial, I say to her, “Just say thank you.” Most of them are relieved they can ____89____ the compliment. It’s a good beginning to accept the praise without feeling ____90____ isn’t it?
76．A．set out B．got off C．looked around D．backed away
77．A．annoyance B．surprise C．disappointment D．curiosity
78．A．called back B．held out C．stepped aside D．looked up
79．A．straightened B．shook C．widened D．moved
80．A．heavier B．slower C．higher D．lighter
81．A．seriously B．silently C．regularly D．randomly
82．A．housewife B．cheerleader C．stranger D．acquaintance
83．A．requires B．acquires C．deserves D．enjoys
84．A．practical B．generous C．confident D．quiet
85．A．rare B．unwilling C．academic D．familiar
86．A．responsibility B．skills C．competitiveness D．achievements
87．A．modesty B．determination C．courage D．concern
88．A．starts B．misses C．continues D．avoids
89．A．change B．accept C．doubt D．notice
90．A．empty B．innocent C．guilty D．upset
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述了作者在停车场赞扬一位陌生女士的故事，并阐明了自己的观点：女性应该坦然地接受他人的赞扬。
76．【答案】C
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：停车场里唯一的一位女士四处看了看，直到她看到了我。A. set out出发；B. got off下车；C. looked around环视; D. backed away后退。根据下文中的“until she saw me”及语境可知，停车场里唯一的一位女士环顾四周，直到她看到作者。C项意为“环顾四周”，符合语境。故选C。
77．【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：她脸上露出惊讶的表情，然后她笑了。A. annoyance恼怒；B. surprise惊讶；C. disappointment 失望；D.curiosity好奇。根据上文“How nice you look today”和下文中的“and then she smiled”及语境可知，此处表示听到作者的称赞，这位女士露出了惊讶的表情。B项意为“惊讶，意外”，符合语境。故选B。
78．【答案】A
【解析】考查动词短语辨析。句意：“谢谢你!”她回应道。A. called back回话；B. held out伸出；C. stepped aside站在一边；D. looked up查找。根据上文中的“Opening my car window, I called out”及语境可知，此处表示那位女士回答作者说的话。A项意为“给……回电话”，在此处引申为回话，符合语境。故选A。
79．【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我盯着她看，感觉她的肩膀又挺直了一点，她走向车的最后几步似乎更轻了。A. straightened挺直；B.shook摇晃；C.widened加宽；D.moved移动。根据上文“How nice you look today!”和下文中的“a bit more and her final steps to her car seemed”及语境可知，作者夸了女士，女士很高兴，肩膀更加端正了。A项意为“挺直”，符合语境。故选A项。
80．【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：我盯着她看，感觉她的肩膀又挺直了一点，她走向车的最后几步似乎更轻了。A. heavier更重的；B. slower更慢的；C. higher更高的；D.lighter更轻的。根据上文中的“her shoulder__a bit more”及语境可知，那位女士在听到陌生人的称赞后，肩膀挺得更端正了，步伐也更加轻快了。D项意为“更轻的”，符合语境。故选D。
81．【答案】B
【解析】考查副词词义辨析。句意：我不是在心里默默的想有人做得很好，而是大声把它说出来。A. seriously严肃地；B. silently默默地； C.regularly有规律地；D.randomly随机。根据上文中的“Instead of just thinking”和下文中的“I say it out loud”及语境可知，作者没有把称赞别人的话默默地放在心里，而是将它大声说了出来。B项意为“默默地，不说话地”，符合语境。故选B。
82．【答案】B
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我的脑子里好像有个啦啦队长。A. housewife家庭主妇； B. cheerleader拉拉队长；C. stranger陌生人；D. acquaintance熟人。根据下文中的“the cheerleader jumps up and down and throws her pompoms   in the air”及语境可知，此处表示作者的脑海中像是有一位拉拉队队长。B项意为“拉拉队队员”，符合语境。故选B。
83．【答案】C
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我看到一个值得赞美的人时，啦啦队长就会跳上跳下，把她的绒球抛向空中。A. requires要求；B. acquires获得；C. deserves应得；D.enjoys享受。根据下文中的“a kind word, the cheerleader jumps up and down and throws her pompoms in the air”及语境可知，当作者看到有值得称赞的人时，她脑海中的拉拉队队长便会跳出来，去称赞别人。C项意为“值得，应受”，符合语境。故选C。
84．【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为女性，我们从我们的榜样身上学到要安静。A. practical实用的；B. generous大方的；C. confident自信的；D. quiet安静的。根据下文中的“Even when we do receive a rare compliment for what we’ve accomplished, we downplay our own”及语境可知，此处表示女士们已经从榜样那里学会了变得安静。D项意为“安静的”，符合语境。故选D。
85．【答案】A
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：即使我们因为自己的成就获得了难得的赞美，我们也会淡化自己的成就，因为世界希望我们表现得谦虚。A. rare稀罕的；B. unwilling不情愿的；C. academic学术的；D. familiar熟悉的。根据下文“we downplay our own 11　as the world expects us to show 12　.”我们也会淡化自己的成就，根据语境可知成就不会很多，A项意为“稀罕的，稀少的”，符合语境。故选A项。
86．【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使我们因为自己的成就获得了难得的赞美，我们也会淡化自己的成就，因为世界希望我们表现得谦虚。A. responsibility职责；B. skills技能；C. competitiveness竞争；D. achievements成就。根据上文中的“what we’ve accomplished”和下文中的“as the world expect us to show”及语境可知，此处表示女士们常常会贬低自己的成就。D项意为“成就”，符合语境。故选D。
87．【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：即使我们因为自己的成就获得了难得的赞美，我们也会淡化自己的成就，因为世界希望我们表现得谦虚。A. modesty谦逊；B. determination决心； C. courage 勇气；D. concern关心。根据前文“we downplay our own 11　”可知，要淡化自己的成就，世人期望女士们展现自己谦逊的一面。A项意为“谦逊，谦虚”，符合语境。故选A。
88．【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：现在，当我赞美一个女人，而她开始否认对她的称赞时，我对她说“说谢谢就行了。”A. starts开始；B. misses错过；C. continues继续；D.avoids避免。根据下文中的“I say to her, "Just say thank you."”及语境可知。此处表示现在，当作者开始称赞一位女士而她开始否认自己的优点或成就时，作者就会告诉她:“说谢谢就好了。”A项意为“开始”，符合语境。故选A。
89．【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们中的大多数人都感到欣慰，因为他们可以接受赞美。A. change改变；B. accept接受；C. doubt怀疑；D. notice注意。根据下文中的“It’s a good beginning to accept the praise”及语境可知，大多数的女士是可以接受赞扬的。B项意为“接受”，符合语境。故选B。
90．【答案】C
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一个接受表扬而不感到内疚的良好开端，不是吗?A. empty空的；B. innocent无辜的；C.guilty内疚的；D.upset不开心的。根据上文“Most of them are relieved they can 14 the compliment. "可知，此处表示毫无愧疚感地接受赞扬是一个美好的开始，不是吗?C项意为“感到惭愧的”，符合语境。故选C。

2021年新高考I卷
My life as a tax-paying employed person began in middle school, when, for three whole days, I worked in a baking factory.
My best friend Betsy’s father was a manager at Hough Bakeries, which, at Easter time,（41）　 　little bunny（兔子）cakes for all its （42）　 　 throughout Cleveland. It happened that the plant downtown needed eight kids for （43）　 　 help during our spring break, for which I had no（44）　 　beyond listening to my favorite records. I’d （45）　 　minimum wage. I’d see how a factory（46）　 　. My parents thought all of this was a grand idea and called Betsy’s dad with their （47）　 　.
Our（48）　 　in the factory were simple：Place cakes on a moving belt. Attach icing（糖霜）ears. Apply icing eyes and nose. （49）　 　bunny from the belt. This was （50）　 　 than it sounds. （51）　 　 a bit and the cakes pile up. As I told my parents at dinner that first night, it was all a little more high-pressure than I’d （52）　 　.
Dad（53）　 　. The son of a grocer, he’d spent the summers of his childhood（54）　 　 food in Bernardsville, New Jersey. This was the sort of work that made you（55）　 　 the dollars you earned and respect those who did the work, he told me.
41. A. sold
B. ordered
C. made
D. reserved
42. A. stores
B. families
C. schools
D. citizens
43. A. generous
B. financial
C. technical
D. temporary
44. A. plans
B. problems
C. excuses
D. hobbies
45. A. offer
B. earn
C. set
D. suggest
46. A. worked
B. closed
C. developed
D. survived
47. A. ambition
B. permission
C. experience
D. invitation
48. A. joys
B. ideas
C. roles
D. choices
49. A. Save
B. Keep
C. Stop
D. Remove
50. A. harder
B. better
C. longer
D. cheaper
51. A. Calm down
B. Slow down
C. Stay on
D. Move on
52. A. indicated
B. witnessed
C. expected
D. remembered
53. A. cried
B. smiled
C. hesitated
D. refused
54. A. tasting
B. finding
C. sharing
D. delivering
55. A. withdraw
B. donate
C. receive
D. appreciate
【答案】41. C 42. A 43. D 44. A 45. B 46. A 47. B 48. C 49. D 50. A 51. B 52. C 53. B 54. D 55. D
【解析】
41. C【解答】根据文中的little bunnycakes for all its throughout Cleveland. 可知,我最好的朋友为Cleveland城中所有的商店制作了兔子蛋糕。sold卖,出售；ordered订购,命令；made制作；reserved保留,预订。
42. A【解答】根据下文中的throughout Cleveland可知,找遍了Cleveland城中的所有的商店。stores商店；families家人；schools学校；citizens市民。
43. D【解答】根据首段的for three whole days和后面的our spring break. 可知,烘焙长需要八个孩子的临时帮助。generous大方的；financial财政的,经济的；technical技术的；temporary暂时的。
44. A【解答】根据文中的had no beyond listening to my favorite records. 可知,作者除了听最喜欢的唱片以外,没有任何计划。plans计划；problems问题；excuses借口；hobbies爱好。
45. B【解答】根据下文中的minimum wage. 可知,作者会挣到极少的工资。offer提供；earn挣得；set设置；suggest建议。
46. A【解答】根据下段,作者对流水线的介绍可知,作者将会看到一家工厂是如何运转的。worked运转,工作；closed关闭；developed发展；survived生存,存活。
47. B【解答】根据文中的My parents thought all of this was a grand idea 可知,作者的父母认为这是一个很好的想法,然后在他们给贝琪的爸爸打了电话,表示允许此事。ambition野心,雄心；permission允许,许可；experience经历,经验；invitation邀请。
48. C【解答】根据下文中的in the factory were simple：Place cakes on a moving belt. 可知,在工厂中作者扮演的职责很简单,把蛋糕放在传送带上。joys开心,快乐；ideas主意；roles角色；choices选择。
49. D【解答】根据上文中的Place cakes on a moving belt. 可知,此处是把成型的兔子蛋糕从皮带上移走。save节约,拯救；keep保持；stop停止；remove移除。
50. A【解答】根据下文中的than it sounds. 可知,这个操作起来比听起来要难。harder更难；better更好；longer更长；cheaper更便宜。
51. B【解答】根据下文中的and the cakes pile up. 可知,一旦动作减速一点点,蛋糕就会堆积起来了。calm down冷静；slow down减速；stay on继续留下；move on继续前进。
52. C【解答】根据上文中的This was harder than it sounds.可知,作者在看完蛋糕的整个制作过程后觉得动手操作起来比听起来要难,从而作者才最终说比预想中的压力要多一点点。indicated显示；witnessed目睹；expected期待；remembered记住。
53. B【解答】根据下文中的The son of a grocer, he’d spent the summers of his childhood. 可知,此处指父亲听了作者的抱怨后笑了。cried哭；smiled微笑；hesitated犹豫；refused拒绝。
54. D【解答】根据下文中的The son of a grocer可知,作者的父亲作为一个食品杂货商的儿子,他都是在新泽西州的伯纳兹维尔送货来渡过儿时的夏天。tasting品尝,尝起来；finding找到；sharing分享；delivering运送,传送。
55. D【解答】根据下文语境可知,作者的父亲告诉他,正是这种工作让自己赚到了钱,并尊重那些做这项工作的人。withdraw提取；donate捐赠；receive接收,收到；appreciate欣赏。