2023届高考英语二轮复习专题一名词和冠词学案

专题一 名词和冠词

一、用所给单词的适当形式填空

1.The whole _____ (construct) of our society depends on mutual trust, not distrust.

2.It is amazing that the insect can take on the color of its ______ (surround).

3.There is more air _____ (pollute) in the city than in the country.

4.You are lucky enough to be picked out from so many_______ (apply) for the job.

5.I guess they will make__________ (adjust) to my salary this month.

二、用适当的词填空

6.The teacher made ________ announcement that the sports meeting would be put off due to bad weather.

7.Through the Summer Employment Opportunities programme, students are hired each year in _____________ variety of summer positions across the Provincial Public Service, its related agencies and community groups.

8.My parents had moved to England from India during _____________ 1970s.

9._____________ most popular Shanxi noodle is daoxiaomian. This noodle is shaved from a giant block of dough(生面团) hoisted over the chef's shoulder.

10.There is still ________________ risk that the whole deal will fall through.

三、阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

    Often called the Porcelain (瓷器) Capital for its important role in the domestic and international ceramic (陶瓷) industry, Jingdezhen in Jiangxi Province is famous for its ancient porcelain production that ①_____(date) back to more than 1, 700 years ago. As the most important ceramic production center in China, Jingdezhen produces high-quality porcelain that ②_____(appreciate) both in China and worldwide. In December 2014, Jingdezhen was ③_____(official) approved by UNESCO and joined the Creative City Network, ④_____(gain) itself the “City of Crafts and Folk Art” title.

    In recent years, by making use of its cultural advantages, Jingdezhen has organized important ⑤_____(activity) on ceramic arts. These events have transformed Jingdezhen into an incredible platform for diversified cooperation and communication, ⑥_____ young artistic talents are drawn to its flame like moths.

    Establishing a name for himself as ⑦_____ one and only live fashion illustrator, Deng traveled from Qingdao to Jingdezhen to explore the clever cosmos of ancient Chinese ceramic vase patterns. His ceramic works, both ⑧_____(function) and sculptural, are full of elements of fashion, humor, and character ⑨______(paint) on with traditional Chinese ink. Delicate and sensitive ⑩_____ the touch, Deng’s brilliant pieces are a sight to see. The red and pink mixture of colors and lighting surrounding the vases represent Chinese happiness and Western passion, attracting East and West in the same narrative, on the same canvas (画布).

答案以及解析

一、

1.答案：construction

解析：construct"修建"为动词,空处作主语,应用其名词形式construction,表示"(体系等的)构建,创建",是不可数名词。故填:construction。

2.答案：surroundings

解析：句意:令人惊奇的是,这种昆虫能呈现出它周围环境的颜色。surroundings是名词"周围的事物,幻境",符合句意,故填:surroundings。

3.答案：pollution

解析：考查名词。句意:城市空气比乡村空气污染更严重。根据句意可知,这里应该是pollute的名词形式。故填pollution。

4.答案：applicants

解析：apply"申请" ,介词from后接名词作宾语, applicant (申请人)是可数名词,其前有many修饰时要用复数形式。故填: applicants.

5.答案：adjustments

解析：考查名词。句意:我想他们这个月会对我的薪金作调整。句中用名词作宾语，名词adjustment为可数名词， 前无冠词，所以用复数形式。根据句意，故填adjustments。

二、

6.答案：an

解析：考查冠词。句意：这位老师宣布，此次运动会因天气原因，将会推迟举行。该处应填写不定冠词，构成固定搭配 make an announcement，意为“发布一项公告”，故填an。

7.答案：a

8.答案：the

9.答案：The

10.答案：a

三、

答案：①dates②is appreciated③officially④gaining⑤activities⑥where⑦the⑧functional⑨painted⑩to

解析：①考查时态。句意:江西景德镇因其在国内外陶瓷业中的重要作用而被称为瓷都,其古老的瓷器生产可追溯到1700多年前。陈述客观事实用一般现在时,定语从句中谓语与先行词production保持一致,应用第三人称单数。故填dates。

②考查时态语态。句意:作为中国最重要的陶瓷生产中心,景德镇生产的优质瓷器在中国和世界各地都很受欢迎。主语与谓语构成被动关系,结合上文Jingdezhen produces可知为一般现在时的被动语态,定语从句中谓语与先行词high-quality porcelain保持一致,用单数形式。故填is appreciated。

③考查副词。句意:2014年12月,景德镇正式获得联合国教科文组织批准,加入创意城市网络,获得"工艺与民间艺术之都"称号。修饰动词approve应用副词officially,作状语。故填officially。

④考查现在分词。句意:2014年12月,景德镇正式获得联合国教科文组织批准,加入创意城市网络,获得"工艺与民间艺术之都"称号。分析句子结构可知gain在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语Jingdezhen构成主动关系,故用现在分词作状语。故填gaining。

⑤考查可数名词的复数。句意:近年来,景德镇利用自身的文化优势,组织了重要的陶瓷艺术活动。activity为可数名词,前文没有冠词,用复数形式。故填activities。

⑥考查定语从句。句意:这些活动将景德镇变成了一个不可思议的多元化合作交流平台,年轻的艺术人才像飞蛾一样被吸引到这里。此处为非限制性定语从句修饰先行词platform,先行词在从句中作地点状语,故用关系副词where。故填where。

⑦考查冠词。句意:邓为自己树立了一个独一无二的时尚插画家的名声,他从青岛前往景德镇,探索中国古代陶瓷花瓶图案的巧妙世界。结合句意表示"独一无二的"可知短语为the one and only。故填the。

⑧考查形容词。句意:他的陶瓷作品,无论是功能性的还是雕塑性的,都充满了时尚、幽默和中国传统水墨人物画的元素。根据后文and sculptural可知应用function的形容词形式,故填functional。

⑨考查过去分词。句意:他的陶瓷作品,无论是功能性的还是雕塑性的,都充满了时尚、幽默和中国传统水墨人物画的元素。分析句子结构可知paint在句中应用非谓语动词形式,与逻辑主语elements of fashion, humor, and character构成被动关系,故用过去分词作定语。故填painted。

⑩考查介词。句意:邓的作品触感细腻、精美,令人叹为观止。此处为短语be sensitive to表示"对....…敏感"。故填to。