资料中包含下列文件，点击文件名可预览资料内容
还剩9页未读，
继续阅读
所属成套资源：2023年高考英语二轮复习 阅读精品套装（一讲双练）
成套系列资料，整套一键下载
高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点11--推理判断之引申推断（技巧梳理）
展开
这是一份高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点11--推理判断之引申推断（技巧梳理），文件包含考点11--推理判断之引申推断技巧梳理教师版docx、考点11--推理判断之引申推断技巧梳理学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共21页， 欢迎下载使用。
一、在复习语言点的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照“点—线—面”顺序，构建知识网络环境。
二、多做高考题，少扣模拟题
1、时间的把控。 2、总结一下各部分的得分情况，了解自己的强弱项。
3、留意出题点，揣摩不同内容出题人的着眼点在哪里，做到知己知彼。
三、多攻词汇表，少记课外词
词汇背诵是高考备考非常重要的一环，同学们要及早动手。在第一轮复习的时候，至少要过词意关。
四、写作。研究高考写作命题话题范围，根据测试的频度和交际场景的生活化程度进行分类。
考点11--推理判断之引申推断--讲考点--胸有成竹
【2022年推理判断之引申推断考点归纳】
考点
题型
推理判断之引申推断
阅读理解
2022
试卷类型
设问
考点
2022·新高考I卷
阅读A23.3. What will happen if yu submit an essay ne week after the due date?
C篇31. What can we learn abut the prject frm the last tw paragraphs?
引申推断
2022·全国高考乙卷
D篇35. What can be inferred abut the adptin f the sugar tax plicy?
引申推断
2021
2021·英语全国甲卷
B篇27．What can be inferred abut Prn Lympne Reserve?
D篇33．What can we infer abut girls frm the study in Science?
引申推断
2021·全国高考乙卷
B篇27．What can be inferred abut the landline frm the last paragraph?
D篇35．What can we infer abut the authr frm the text?
引申推断
2021·全国新高考I卷
C篇30．What is a direct result f the Act passed in 1934?
引申推断
2021·全国新高考II卷
D篇34．Why des Pete Bnds still hire cwbys t watch cattle?
引申推断
2020
2020·全国新高考I山东卷
B篇7. What can we learn frm Jenifer's stry?
引申推断
2020·全国新课标I
B篇27．What can we infer abut the authr frm the text?
引申推断
【2023年高考命题预测】
推理判断之引申推断考点是高考中的必考点。每年的高考阅读理解中都会有引申推断题以考查学生的推理判断能力，推理判断题的答案是通过对文章中材料的分析得出的结论，它不是文章中直接的事实。预测在2023高考中，引申推断会继续在高考阅读理解中呈现。
【推理判断之引申推断考点指南】
规律方法：
常见的设问方式：
1. What can be inferred abut the
2．What can be inferred abut the last paragraph?
3．What can we learn frm
4．What can we infer abut frm the text?
如何解决引申推断题？
引申推断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。此类题目的题干一般包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，assume(假定，设想)和cnclude(推断，做出结论)。
考例分析：
D【2022·全国高考乙卷】
The Gvernment's sugar tax n sft drinks has brught in half as much mney as Ministers first predicted it wuld generate, the first fficial data n the plicy has shwn.
First annunced in April, 2016, the tax which applies t sft drinks cntaining mre than 5g f sugar per 100ml, was intrduced t help reduce childhd besity（肥胖）. It is believed that tday's children and teenagers are cnsuming three times the recmmended level f sugar, putting them at a higher risk f the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected t make £520m a year fr the Treasury. Hwever, data f the first six2020·全国新课标II
C篇31．What can we infer abut wearing fur in New Yrk accrding t Mrgan?
引申推断
2020·全国新课标III
B篇27. What can we infer frm the last paragraph abut animal actrs?
引申推断
mnths shwed it wuld make less than half this amunt. At present it is expected t generate £240m fr the year ending in April 2019, which will g t schl sprts.
It cmes after mre than half f sft drinks sld in shps have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）s they can avid paying the tax. Drinks nw cntain 45 millin fewer kils f sugar as a result f manufacturers' effrts t avid the charge, accrding t Treasury figures. Since April drinks cmpanies have been frced t pay between 18p and 24p fr every litre f sugary drink they prduce r imprt, depending n the sugar cntent.
Hwever, sme high sugar brands, like Classic Cca Cla, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing t change fr fear f upsetting cnsumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and mst alchlic drinks are free f the tax, as are small cmpanies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Tday's figures, accrding t ne gvernment fficial, shw the psitive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millins f punds fr sprts facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schls. Helping the next generatin t have a healthy and active childhd is f great imprtance, and the industry is playing its part.
15. What can be inferred abut the adptin f the sugar tax plicy?
A. It is a shrt-sighted decisin.B. It is a success stry.
C. It benefits manufacturers.D. It upsets custmers.
【答案】 15. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。
15. B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Tday’s figures, accrding t ne gvernment fficial, shw the psitive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millins f punds fr sprts facilities and healthier eating in schls.（根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑）”可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B。
B【2021·英语全国甲卷】
Prt Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) prgramme, has welcmed the arrival f a rare black rhin calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived n January 31, she became the 40th black rhin t be brn at the reserve. And fficials at Prt Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhins are knwn fr being difficult t breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head f rhin sectin at Prt Lympne, said: “Obviusly we're all abslutely delighted t welcme anther calf t ur black rhin family. She's healthy, strng and already eager t play and explre. Her mther, Sli, is a first-time mum and she is ding a fantastic jb. It's still a little t cld fr them t g ut int the pen, but as sn as the weather warms up, I have n dubt that the little ne will be ut and abut explring and playing every day.”
The adrable female calf is the secnd black rhin brn this year at the reserve, but it is t early t tell if the calves will make gd candidates t be returned t prtected areas f the wild. The first rhin t be brn at Prt Lympne arrived n January 5 t first-time mther Kisima and weighed abut 32kg. His mther, grandmther and great grandmther were all brn at the reserve and still live there.
Accrding t the Wrld Wildlife Fund, the glbal black rhin ppulatin has drpped as lw as 5500, giving the rhins a “critically endangered” status.
7．What can be inferred abut Prn Lympne Reserve?
A．The rhin sectin will be pen t the public.
B．It aims t cntrl the number f the animals.
C．It will cntinue t wrk with the Wrld Wildlife Fund.
D．Sme f its rhins may be sent t the prtected wild areas.
【答案】7．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在Prt Lympne保护区的部分黑犀牛现状。
7．推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段“it is t early t tell if the calves will make gd candidates t be returned t prtected areas f the wild (要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护区的好的候选者还为时过早)”可推知，Pn Lympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。故选D项。
【试题精练】
1.【2022届江苏省苏锡常镇四市高三教学情况调查（一）】
On Friday January 14, 2022, blast was heard 2,000 km away in New Zealand and 3,300 km away in Australia. Bats crashed int a quiet harbr in Suthern Califrnia, a remte island was battered in Japan by 4 ft waves and tw wmen were swept t their deaths n a beach in Peru sme 6,000 miles frm an undersea vlcanic eruptin s pwerful that the tsunami which it set ff stirred cean waters halfway acrss the glbe.
But n Sunday, as reprts f the vlcan’s effect crwded in frm far-flung cuntries, there was little wrd frm Tnga, the island natin just 40 miles frm the site f the extrardinary explsin. As cncerns frm all ver the wrld grew, the natin f abut 100,000 peple remained largely cut ff frm the rest f the wrld, its undersea internet cables kncked ut f cmmissin by the vlcan.
In Tnga n Sunday, many residents lst nt nly cmmunicatin channels but electric pwer. Up t 80,000 peple there culd be affected, the Internatinal Federatin f Red Crss and Red Crescent Scieties tld the BBC．
New Zealand and ther natins in the regin pledged t give Tnga aid t recver. But with heavy cncentratins f airbrne ash making flights impssible, just like the Iceland vlcan eruptin in 2021, it was difficult even t knw what was needed. Ardern, the New Zealand prime minister, said flights ver Tnga were planned fr Mnday r Tuesday, depending n ash cnditins.
Tnga has experienced a successin f natural disasters in recent years. In 2018, mre than 170 hmes were destryed and tw peple killed by Cyclne Gita, a Categry 5 trpical strm. In 2020, Cyclne Harld caused abut $111 millin in damage.
31．What can be inferred frm the passage?
A．The Iceland vlcan eruptin in 2021 made nearby flights delayed.
B．New Zealand as well as ther natins in the regin gave Tnga aid timely.
C．Flights culd reach Tnga tw days after the eruptin.
D．The undersea vlcanic eruptin caused severer damage t Tnga than ever befre.
【答案】31．A
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是汤加受到火山喷发的影响而与世界其他地区基本隔绝。
31．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“But with heavy cncentratins f airbrne ash making flights impssible, just like the Iceland vlcan eruptin in 2021, it was difficult even t knw what was needed.(但就像2021年冰岛火山爆发一样，由于空气中的火山灰浓度过高，飞行变得不可能，甚至很难知道需要什么。)”可推断出，2021年冰岛火山爆发导致附近航班延误。故选A。
2.【2022届河北省九师联盟高三下学期3月质量检测联考】
Nwadays, we are very wrried abut such COVID-19 variants as Delta and Omicrn. T relieve ur anxieties, we shuld have a lk at ur wn cell and the riginal COVID-19 virus.
First f all, ur cell isn’t stupid. If any virus wants t enter ur cell, it must figure ut a way fr its spike (触手) t hld tightly t the spike n the cell’s surface. Yu can imagine this cnnecting as a secret handshake.
At the early stage, the COVID-19 virus figured ut a way t cnnect t a specific spike n the surface f human cell, called ACE2. But the cnnecting wasn’t perfect. Hwever, it was gd enugh t trick the ACE2 t let it in.
Once the virus was inside the cell, it kept cpying itself in rder t find mre cells t infect. During this time, the immune (免疫) system started making antibdies t fight back. Sme f thse antibdies acted like little caps that stick t the ends f the virus’s spike. Once “capped”, the infectin culdn’t mve frward, and the bdy wn!
But every time the virus cpies itself inside a cell, it has the chance f changing its spikes slightly. Mst f the variatins are actually harmful t the virus. S these variants disappear. Hwever, nce the virus hits upn a set f variatins that actually help the virus t cnnect mre tightly t the cell r mre quickly, a persn’s cell gets infected mre easily.
Then what abut the antibdies? Aren’t they cming t save us again? Well, yes... and n.
Scientists fund that a persn wh was infected with the earlier versin f the virus may nt be prtected as well against these new variants. He still can be infected, again. Hwever, the antibdies’ spikes cme in different shapes, t. S even thugh sme antibdies becme less useful, thers will get the jb dne—r at least, hld back the infectin lng enugh s the bdy can make new antibdies that fit perfectly n the changed spike.
14．What can be learned frm the text?
A．COVID-19 variants will becme mre and mre infectius.
B．It is unlikely fr COVID-19 patients t get infected again.
C．Old antibdies might be less effective against new variants.
D．It is hpeless t get rid f the COVID-19 in the near future.
【答案】14．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了正在全球肆虐的新冠病毒产生变体的原因及其可能带来的挑战。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“S even thugh sme antibdies becme less useful, thers will get the jb dne—r at least, hld back the infectin lng enugh s the bdy can make new antibdies that fit perfectly n the changed spike.(因此，即使一些抗体变得不那么有用，其他抗体也会完成任务，或者至少，将感染抑制足够长的时间，以便身体能够制造出新的抗体，完美地适应改变后的触手)”可知，旧抗体对新病毒变体的作用可能会减弱。故选C。
3.【湖南省长沙县、望城区、浏阳市、宁乡2021-2022学年高三下学期3月调研】
The skies ver Latin America’s largest city are set t witness a futuristic aerspace revlutin after the Brazilian airline Gl reached an agreement that culd see it transprt regular passengers arund Sã Paul in hundreds f lw-cst zer-emissin electric air taxis.
Dómhnal Slattery, chief executive f the Dublin-based firm Avln, which will prvide the aircraft t Gl and recently placed an rder fr 500 f the aircraft frm their British manufacturer, admitted helicpters were the “kingdm f the wealthiest”.
But the Avln bss claimed the intrductin f VA-X4 eVTOLs (electric vertical(垂直的) takeff and landing) aircraft t Sã Paul wuld be a gamechanger fr regular passengers nce the taxis, which lk like a futuristic crss between a helicpter and a glider, were delivered in late 2024 r 2025.
“Our basic estimate (估计) at the mment is that the perating cst here fr this aircraft will be equal t $1 per passenger ver a 25-mile trip,” Slattery tld the Financial Times. “Which is almst equal t an Uber ride.”
Few cities are crying ut fr such a revlutin mre than Sã Paul, a sprawling metrplis with mre than 12 millin citizens and chked by a fleet f 8.6m vehicles.
In the late 1990s, the cngestin (拥塞) became s bad in what is nw the wrld’s fifth biggest city after Tky, Delhi, Seul and Shanghai that authrities were frced t intrduce a number plate rtatin (循环) system fr vehicles.
Stephen Fitzpatrick, the head f the British aerspace manufacturer that prduces the aircraft, Vertical Aerspace, said the flying taxis wuld be ideal fr Brazil’s biggest city and will “transfrm hw we travel arund high ppulatin density cities that are crwded with traffic”.
The Bristl-based Vertical Aerspace was funded in 2016 and prmises t pineer “a new era in vertical transprt”.
“We’ll be lking t Asia after Sã Paul,” Avln’s chief cmmercial fficer, Paul Geaney, tld Reuters.
12．What did Dómhnal Slattery think f helicpters?
A．They culd be affrded by all.
B．They culd be mstly used by the rich.
C．They prvided cnvenience fr travellers.
D．They shwed the wners’ scial status.
14．Which f the fllwing can be inferred frm the passage?
A．The flying taxis will be ideal fr Brazil’s biggest city.
B．Mre cities are eager fr electric air taxis than Sã Paul.
C．The Avln will enter the Asian transprtatin market sn.D．Travelling by VA-X4 eVTOLs can be mre cnvenient but mre expensive than by Uber.
【答案】12．B14．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了交通改善问题，相关公司估计未来会有更为低廉的交通出行方式，可以改善高密度城市人口交通堵塞问题，以及未来会向亚洲市场进军。
12．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Dómhnal Slattery, chief executive f the Dublin-based firm Avln, which will prvide the aircraft t Gl and recently placed an rder fr 500 f the aircraft frm their British manufacturer, admitted helicpters were the “kingdm f the wealthiest”.(总部位于都柏林的Avln公司将为Gl提供这款飞机，最近该公司从英国制造商那里订购了500架，该公司首席执行官Dómhnal Slattery承认，直升机是“最富有的人的王国”。)”可知，多姆纳尔·斯莱特里认为它们可能主要被富人使用。故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据文章最后一句话““We’ll be lking t Asia after Sã Paul,” Avln’s chief cmmercial fficer, Paul Geaney, tld Reuters.(Avln首席商务官Paul Geaney对路透表示：“在Sã Paul之后，我们将把目光投向亚洲。”)”可知，在未来Avln公司可能会进入亚洲市场。故选C项。
4.【2022届河北省石家庄市高中毕业班教学质量检测（一）】
When smene damages their backbne, the injury can leave them paralyzed (瘫痪). Nw, scientists have given three paralyzed men the ability t walk again, thanks t an implanted device.
The human backbne, r spine, desn’t just help us stand up straight. Inside is the spinal crd, which carries imprtant infrmatin between the head and the lwer part f the bdy. This infrmatin mves arund as bursts f electricity traveling between the brain and the ther parts f the bdy. When the spinal crd is hurt, this pathway gets damaged and they can’t mve their legs.
Nw scientists in Switzerland have given three paralyzed men the ability t walk again. T help them walk again, the men had surgery. A special device was placed directly n the lwer part f their spinal crd, belw their injury. This “implant” cntained sixteen electrdes, which are small bjects that electricity can pass thrugh. The researchers made sure the electrdes were lined up with nerves that cntrl the leg muscles. The scientists cntrlled the implants frm a tablet cmputer.
The patient’s brains aren’t sending “walking” messages t their legs. Instead, the tablet tells the implant t send the walking messages. The researchers used cmputers t generate patterns f mvement, like taking a step. The patient then uses the tablet t chse the pattern and the muscles mve in the chsen way. Over time, the men were able t walk using a special walker with buttns t cntrl each leg.
The slutin isn’t perfect. It’s very expensive, it requires difficult surgery, and the patients can’t walk withut the system. But the scientists are hpeful that in the future, this srt f technlgy will allw many paralyzed peple t begin t walk again in just hurs.
13．What is the implanted device expected t d?
A．Activate the damaged nerves.B．Identify the psitin f the injury.
C．Test the degree f the damage.D．Bridge the nerve gap made by the injury.
【答案】13．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家通过植入特殊装置让瘫痪者恢复行走能力。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段“Inside is the spinal crd, which carries imprtant infrmatin between the head and the lwer part f the bdy. This infrmatin mves arund as bursts f electricity traveling between the brain and the ther parts f the bdy. When the spinal crd is hurt, this pathway gets damaged and they can’t mve their legs.（里面是脊髓，它在头部和身体下部之间传递重要信息。这些信息作为电流在大脑和身体其他部位之间传播。当脊髓受伤时，这条通路就会受损，他们的腿就不能动了。）”以及第三段“The researchers made sure the electrdes were lined up with nerves that cntrl the leg muscles. The scientists cntrlled the implants frm a tablet cmputer.（研究人员确保电极与控制腿部肌肉的神经对齐。科学家们通过平板电脑控制植入物。）”可知，脊髓受伤时，神经流受损导致他们的腿不能动，所以科学家植入特殊装置的预期用途是弥合受伤造成的神经间隙。故选D项。
5.【2022届广西桂林、崇左、贺州市高考联合调研】
Cnr McGregr is an Irish Mixed Martial artist and the current unquestined lightweight champin f Ultimate Fighting Champinship (UFC). Mixed martial arts (MMA) (综合格斗) is highly tiring and fighters have t g thrugh years f training and preparatins t later be knwn as utstanding MMA fighters. Champins f a particular divisin after lts f preparatins and cuntless number f fights still tend t lse t relatively new fighter. S this game is full f uncertainties.
Cnr, at the age f 18, mved t Lucan with his parents t start a plumbing apprenticeship (管道工学徒). He wrked as a plumber and gt tired f a 9-t-5 jb. His life tk a turn when ne day, he came acrss a MMA fighter named Tm Egan, and then started training MMA tgether with him and instantly had a skill at it. He started training full time in a nearby gym. Thugh the chances f him becming a success amng thusands f fighters arund the wrld were lw, he didn't lse hpe.
He was highly mtivated and always tld his family that he wuld turn ut t be big smeday. He felt he must sht ftage (连续镜头) f himself frequently s that he culd use the vides in the future fr his bigraphical mvie when he becmes successful. His cnfidence pushed him t the tp. He at last became ne f the biggest sprts stars in the planet ging beynd Cristian Rnald in the Frbes list f the highest paid athletes f 2018.
I’ve been training s hard and my game is cming alng. Withut dubt yu will see me in the UFC．I’ll let yu knw I wuld try t live up t expectatin f yu. He finishes this sentence with tears in his eyes. It is s heartbreaking and at the same time s refreshing t watch thse ld vides. He is indeed a determined man and inspires millins f peple arund the wrld including me.
25．Why did Cnr ften sht ftage f himself?
A．T find mtivatin frm it.
B．T save sme materials fr his future use.
C．T imprve himself by watching it.
D．T meet thers’ expectatins.
26．What can be learned frm Cnr’s experience?
A．Ding is better than saying.
B．Where there is a will, there is a way.
C．Yu can’t always get what yu want.
D．A gd beginning makes a gd ending.
【答案】25．B26．B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个叫做Cnr的水电工是如何通过自己的努力，成功地成为了一名著名的综合格斗选手。
25．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“He felt he must sht ftage (连续镜头) f himself frequently s that he culd use the vides in the future fr his bigraphical mvie when he becmes successful.(他觉得他必须拍摄下他格斗的录像，这样的话，他就能在他获得成功后，将这些录像用于他自己的传记电影中)”可知，Cnr拍摄下他格斗的录像是为了为以后的使用留下材料，故选B。
26．推理判断题。根据文章分析可知，全文主要讲述一个叫做Cnr的水电工是如何通过自己的努力，成功地成为了一名著名的综合格斗选手，在没有任何基础的情况下，在大家都不看好的情况下，他坚持训练，最终获得了成功，故他的经历呈现的就是“有志者，事竟成”的道理。故选B。
一、在复习语言点的时候，要依据语言的横向组合和纵向聚合，按照“点—线—面”顺序，构建知识网络环境。
二、多做高考题，少扣模拟题
1、时间的把控。 2、总结一下各部分的得分情况，了解自己的强弱项。
3、留意出题点，揣摩不同内容出题人的着眼点在哪里，做到知己知彼。
三、多攻词汇表，少记课外词
词汇背诵是高考备考非常重要的一环，同学们要及早动手。在第一轮复习的时候，至少要过词意关。
四、写作。研究高考写作命题话题范围，根据测试的频度和交际场景的生活化程度进行分类。
考点11--推理判断之引申推断--讲考点--胸有成竹
【2022年推理判断之引申推断考点归纳】
考点
题型
推理判断之引申推断
阅读理解
2022
试卷类型
设问
考点
2022·新高考I卷
阅读A23.3. What will happen if yu submit an essay ne week after the due date?
C篇31. What can we learn abut the prject frm the last tw paragraphs?
引申推断
2022·全国高考乙卷
D篇35. What can be inferred abut the adptin f the sugar tax plicy?
引申推断
2021
2021·英语全国甲卷
B篇27．What can be inferred abut Prn Lympne Reserve?
D篇33．What can we infer abut girls frm the study in Science?
引申推断
2021·全国高考乙卷
B篇27．What can be inferred abut the landline frm the last paragraph?
D篇35．What can we infer abut the authr frm the text?
引申推断
2021·全国新高考I卷
C篇30．What is a direct result f the Act passed in 1934?
引申推断
2021·全国新高考II卷
D篇34．Why des Pete Bnds still hire cwbys t watch cattle?
引申推断
2020
2020·全国新高考I山东卷
B篇7. What can we learn frm Jenifer's stry?
引申推断
2020·全国新课标I
B篇27．What can we infer abut the authr frm the text?
引申推断
【2023年高考命题预测】
推理判断之引申推断考点是高考中的必考点。每年的高考阅读理解中都会有引申推断题以考查学生的推理判断能力，推理判断题的答案是通过对文章中材料的分析得出的结论，它不是文章中直接的事实。预测在2023高考中，引申推断会继续在高考阅读理解中呈现。
【推理判断之引申推断考点指南】
规律方法：
常见的设问方式：
1. What can be inferred abut the
2．What can be inferred abut the last paragraph?
3．What can we learn frm
4．What can we infer abut frm the text?
如何解决引申推断题？
引申推断题属于深层理解题，要求根据语篇内容，推断具体细节。做此类题目关键是要正确把握文章的内在关系，理解文章的真正含义，要忠实于原文，千万不能主观臆断，随意揣测，更不能以自己的观点代替作者的观点。此类题目的题干一般包括六个动词：infer(推断)，indicate(象征，暗示)，imply(暗示)，suggest(暗示)，assume(假定，设想)和cnclude(推断，做出结论)。
考例分析：
D【2022·全国高考乙卷】
The Gvernment's sugar tax n sft drinks has brught in half as much mney as Ministers first predicted it wuld generate, the first fficial data n the plicy has shwn.
First annunced in April, 2016, the tax which applies t sft drinks cntaining mre than 5g f sugar per 100ml, was intrduced t help reduce childhd besity（肥胖）. It is believed that tday's children and teenagers are cnsuming three times the recmmended level f sugar, putting them at a higher risk f the disease.
Initially the sugar tax was expected t make £520m a year fr the Treasury. Hwever, data f the first six2020·全国新课标II
C篇31．What can we infer abut wearing fur in New Yrk accrding t Mrgan?
引申推断
2020·全国新课标III
B篇27. What can we infer frm the last paragraph abut animal actrs?
引申推断
mnths shwed it wuld make less than half this amunt. At present it is expected t generate £240m fr the year ending in April 2019, which will g t schl sprts.
It cmes after mre than half f sft drinks sld in shps have had their sugar levels cut by manufacturers（制造商）s they can avid paying the tax. Drinks nw cntain 45 millin fewer kils f sugar as a result f manufacturers' effrts t avid the charge, accrding t Treasury figures. Since April drinks cmpanies have been frced t pay between 18p and 24p fr every litre f sugary drink they prduce r imprt, depending n the sugar cntent.
Hwever, sme high sugar brands, like Classic Cca Cla, have accepted the sugar tax and are refusing t change fr fear f upsetting cnsumers. Fruit juices, milk-based drinks and mst alchlic drinks are free f the tax, as are small cmpanies manufacturing fewer than 1m litres per year.
Tday's figures, accrding t ne gvernment fficial, shw the psitive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millins f punds fr sprts facilities（设施）and healthier eating in schls. Helping the next generatin t have a healthy and active childhd is f great imprtance, and the industry is playing its part.
15. What can be inferred abut the adptin f the sugar tax plicy?
A. It is a shrt-sighted decisin.B. It is a success stry.
C. It benefits manufacturers.D. It upsets custmers.
【答案】 15. B
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了英国政府对软饮料征收的糖税来解决儿童以及青少年的健康问题，同时该收入用于学校体育。
15. B推理判断题。根据文章最后一段中的“Tday’s figures, accrding t ne gvernment fficial, shw the psitive influence the sugar tax is having by raising millins f punds fr sprts facilities and healthier eating in schls.（根据一位政府官员的说法，今天的数据显示了糖税的积极影响，它为学校的体育设施和健康饮食筹集了数百万英镑）”可推断，糖税政策的实施是一个成功的政策。故选B。
B【2021·英语全国甲卷】
Prt Lympne Reserve, which runs a breeding (繁育) prgramme, has welcmed the arrival f a rare black rhin calf (犀牛幼崽). When the tiny creature arrived n January 31, she became the 40th black rhin t be brn at the reserve. And fficials at Prt Lympne were delighted with the new arrival, especially as black rhins are knwn fr being difficult t breed in captivity (圈养).
Paul Beer, head f rhin sectin at Prt Lympne, said: “Obviusly we're all abslutely delighted t welcme anther calf t ur black rhin family. She's healthy, strng and already eager t play and explre. Her mther, Sli, is a first-time mum and she is ding a fantastic jb. It's still a little t cld fr them t g ut int the pen, but as sn as the weather warms up, I have n dubt that the little ne will be ut and abut explring and playing every day.”
The adrable female calf is the secnd black rhin brn this year at the reserve, but it is t early t tell if the calves will make gd candidates t be returned t prtected areas f the wild. The first rhin t be brn at Prt Lympne arrived n January 5 t first-time mther Kisima and weighed abut 32kg. His mther, grandmther and great grandmther were all brn at the reserve and still live there.
Accrding t the Wrld Wildlife Fund, the glbal black rhin ppulatin has drpped as lw as 5500, giving the rhins a “critically endangered” status.
7．What can be inferred abut Prn Lympne Reserve?
A．The rhin sectin will be pen t the public.
B．It aims t cntrl the number f the animals.
C．It will cntinue t wrk with the Wrld Wildlife Fund.
D．Sme f its rhins may be sent t the prtected wild areas.
【答案】7．D
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了在Prt Lympne保护区的部分黑犀牛现状。
7．推理判断题。通过文章倒数第二段“it is t early t tell if the calves will make gd candidates t be returned t prtected areas f the wild (要判断这些小犀牛是否会成为返回野生保护区的好的候选者还为时过早)”可推知，Pn Lympne保护区的一些犀牛可能会被送到野生保护区。故选D项。
【试题精练】
1.【2022届江苏省苏锡常镇四市高三教学情况调查（一）】
On Friday January 14, 2022, blast was heard 2,000 km away in New Zealand and 3,300 km away in Australia. Bats crashed int a quiet harbr in Suthern Califrnia, a remte island was battered in Japan by 4 ft waves and tw wmen were swept t their deaths n a beach in Peru sme 6,000 miles frm an undersea vlcanic eruptin s pwerful that the tsunami which it set ff stirred cean waters halfway acrss the glbe.
But n Sunday, as reprts f the vlcan’s effect crwded in frm far-flung cuntries, there was little wrd frm Tnga, the island natin just 40 miles frm the site f the extrardinary explsin. As cncerns frm all ver the wrld grew, the natin f abut 100,000 peple remained largely cut ff frm the rest f the wrld, its undersea internet cables kncked ut f cmmissin by the vlcan.
In Tnga n Sunday, many residents lst nt nly cmmunicatin channels but electric pwer. Up t 80,000 peple there culd be affected, the Internatinal Federatin f Red Crss and Red Crescent Scieties tld the BBC．
New Zealand and ther natins in the regin pledged t give Tnga aid t recver. But with heavy cncentratins f airbrne ash making flights impssible, just like the Iceland vlcan eruptin in 2021, it was difficult even t knw what was needed. Ardern, the New Zealand prime minister, said flights ver Tnga were planned fr Mnday r Tuesday, depending n ash cnditins.
Tnga has experienced a successin f natural disasters in recent years. In 2018, mre than 170 hmes were destryed and tw peple killed by Cyclne Gita, a Categry 5 trpical strm. In 2020, Cyclne Harld caused abut $111 millin in damage.
31．What can be inferred frm the passage?
A．The Iceland vlcan eruptin in 2021 made nearby flights delayed.
B．New Zealand as well as ther natins in the regin gave Tnga aid timely.
C．Flights culd reach Tnga tw days after the eruptin.
D．The undersea vlcanic eruptin caused severer damage t Tnga than ever befre.
【答案】31．A
【解析】本文是一篇新闻报道，主要讲的是汤加受到火山喷发的影响而与世界其他地区基本隔绝。
31．推理判断题。根据倒数第二段的“But with heavy cncentratins f airbrne ash making flights impssible, just like the Iceland vlcan eruptin in 2021, it was difficult even t knw what was needed.(但就像2021年冰岛火山爆发一样，由于空气中的火山灰浓度过高，飞行变得不可能，甚至很难知道需要什么。)”可推断出，2021年冰岛火山爆发导致附近航班延误。故选A。
2.【2022届河北省九师联盟高三下学期3月质量检测联考】
Nwadays, we are very wrried abut such COVID-19 variants as Delta and Omicrn. T relieve ur anxieties, we shuld have a lk at ur wn cell and the riginal COVID-19 virus.
First f all, ur cell isn’t stupid. If any virus wants t enter ur cell, it must figure ut a way fr its spike (触手) t hld tightly t the spike n the cell’s surface. Yu can imagine this cnnecting as a secret handshake.
At the early stage, the COVID-19 virus figured ut a way t cnnect t a specific spike n the surface f human cell, called ACE2. But the cnnecting wasn’t perfect. Hwever, it was gd enugh t trick the ACE2 t let it in.
Once the virus was inside the cell, it kept cpying itself in rder t find mre cells t infect. During this time, the immune (免疫) system started making antibdies t fight back. Sme f thse antibdies acted like little caps that stick t the ends f the virus’s spike. Once “capped”, the infectin culdn’t mve frward, and the bdy wn!
But every time the virus cpies itself inside a cell, it has the chance f changing its spikes slightly. Mst f the variatins are actually harmful t the virus. S these variants disappear. Hwever, nce the virus hits upn a set f variatins that actually help the virus t cnnect mre tightly t the cell r mre quickly, a persn’s cell gets infected mre easily.
Then what abut the antibdies? Aren’t they cming t save us again? Well, yes... and n.
Scientists fund that a persn wh was infected with the earlier versin f the virus may nt be prtected as well against these new variants. He still can be infected, again. Hwever, the antibdies’ spikes cme in different shapes, t. S even thugh sme antibdies becme less useful, thers will get the jb dne—r at least, hld back the infectin lng enugh s the bdy can make new antibdies that fit perfectly n the changed spike.
14．What can be learned frm the text?
A．COVID-19 variants will becme mre and mre infectius.
B．It is unlikely fr COVID-19 patients t get infected again.
C．Old antibdies might be less effective against new variants.
D．It is hpeless t get rid f the COVID-19 in the near future.
【答案】14．C
【解析】本文是一篇说明文。文章主要介绍了正在全球肆虐的新冠病毒产生变体的原因及其可能带来的挑战。
14．推理判断题。根据最后一段最后一句“S even thugh sme antibdies becme less useful, thers will get the jb dne—r at least, hld back the infectin lng enugh s the bdy can make new antibdies that fit perfectly n the changed spike.(因此，即使一些抗体变得不那么有用，其他抗体也会完成任务，或者至少，将感染抑制足够长的时间，以便身体能够制造出新的抗体，完美地适应改变后的触手)”可知，旧抗体对新病毒变体的作用可能会减弱。故选C。
3.【湖南省长沙县、望城区、浏阳市、宁乡2021-2022学年高三下学期3月调研】
The skies ver Latin America’s largest city are set t witness a futuristic aerspace revlutin after the Brazilian airline Gl reached an agreement that culd see it transprt regular passengers arund Sã Paul in hundreds f lw-cst zer-emissin electric air taxis.
Dómhnal Slattery, chief executive f the Dublin-based firm Avln, which will prvide the aircraft t Gl and recently placed an rder fr 500 f the aircraft frm their British manufacturer, admitted helicpters were the “kingdm f the wealthiest”.
But the Avln bss claimed the intrductin f VA-X4 eVTOLs (electric vertical(垂直的) takeff and landing) aircraft t Sã Paul wuld be a gamechanger fr regular passengers nce the taxis, which lk like a futuristic crss between a helicpter and a glider, were delivered in late 2024 r 2025.
“Our basic estimate (估计) at the mment is that the perating cst here fr this aircraft will be equal t $1 per passenger ver a 25-mile trip,” Slattery tld the Financial Times. “Which is almst equal t an Uber ride.”
Few cities are crying ut fr such a revlutin mre than Sã Paul, a sprawling metrplis with mre than 12 millin citizens and chked by a fleet f 8.6m vehicles.
In the late 1990s, the cngestin (拥塞) became s bad in what is nw the wrld’s fifth biggest city after Tky, Delhi, Seul and Shanghai that authrities were frced t intrduce a number plate rtatin (循环) system fr vehicles.
Stephen Fitzpatrick, the head f the British aerspace manufacturer that prduces the aircraft, Vertical Aerspace, said the flying taxis wuld be ideal fr Brazil’s biggest city and will “transfrm hw we travel arund high ppulatin density cities that are crwded with traffic”.
The Bristl-based Vertical Aerspace was funded in 2016 and prmises t pineer “a new era in vertical transprt”.
“We’ll be lking t Asia after Sã Paul,” Avln’s chief cmmercial fficer, Paul Geaney, tld Reuters.
12．What did Dómhnal Slattery think f helicpters?
A．They culd be affrded by all.
B．They culd be mstly used by the rich.
C．They prvided cnvenience fr travellers.
D．They shwed the wners’ scial status.
14．Which f the fllwing can be inferred frm the passage?
A．The flying taxis will be ideal fr Brazil’s biggest city.
B．Mre cities are eager fr electric air taxis than Sã Paul.
C．The Avln will enter the Asian transprtatin market sn.D．Travelling by VA-X4 eVTOLs can be mre cnvenient but mre expensive than by Uber.
【答案】12．B14．C
【解析】这是一篇说明文。文章讲述了交通改善问题，相关公司估计未来会有更为低廉的交通出行方式，可以改善高密度城市人口交通堵塞问题，以及未来会向亚洲市场进军。
12．推理判断题。根据文章第二段“Dómhnal Slattery, chief executive f the Dublin-based firm Avln, which will prvide the aircraft t Gl and recently placed an rder fr 500 f the aircraft frm their British manufacturer, admitted helicpters were the “kingdm f the wealthiest”.(总部位于都柏林的Avln公司将为Gl提供这款飞机，最近该公司从英国制造商那里订购了500架，该公司首席执行官Dómhnal Slattery承认，直升机是“最富有的人的王国”。)”可知，多姆纳尔·斯莱特里认为它们可能主要被富人使用。故选B项。
14．推理判断题。根据文章最后一句话““We’ll be lking t Asia after Sã Paul,” Avln’s chief cmmercial fficer, Paul Geaney, tld Reuters.(Avln首席商务官Paul Geaney对路透表示：“在Sã Paul之后，我们将把目光投向亚洲。”)”可知，在未来Avln公司可能会进入亚洲市场。故选C项。
4.【2022届河北省石家庄市高中毕业班教学质量检测（一）】
When smene damages their backbne, the injury can leave them paralyzed (瘫痪). Nw, scientists have given three paralyzed men the ability t walk again, thanks t an implanted device.
The human backbne, r spine, desn’t just help us stand up straight. Inside is the spinal crd, which carries imprtant infrmatin between the head and the lwer part f the bdy. This infrmatin mves arund as bursts f electricity traveling between the brain and the ther parts f the bdy. When the spinal crd is hurt, this pathway gets damaged and they can’t mve their legs.
Nw scientists in Switzerland have given three paralyzed men the ability t walk again. T help them walk again, the men had surgery. A special device was placed directly n the lwer part f their spinal crd, belw their injury. This “implant” cntained sixteen electrdes, which are small bjects that electricity can pass thrugh. The researchers made sure the electrdes were lined up with nerves that cntrl the leg muscles. The scientists cntrlled the implants frm a tablet cmputer.
The patient’s brains aren’t sending “walking” messages t their legs. Instead, the tablet tells the implant t send the walking messages. The researchers used cmputers t generate patterns f mvement, like taking a step. The patient then uses the tablet t chse the pattern and the muscles mve in the chsen way. Over time, the men were able t walk using a special walker with buttns t cntrl each leg.
The slutin isn’t perfect. It’s very expensive, it requires difficult surgery, and the patients can’t walk withut the system. But the scientists are hpeful that in the future, this srt f technlgy will allw many paralyzed peple t begin t walk again in just hurs.
13．What is the implanted device expected t d?
A．Activate the damaged nerves.B．Identify the psitin f the injury.
C．Test the degree f the damage.D．Bridge the nerve gap made by the injury.
【答案】13．D
【解析】这是一篇说明文。主要介绍了科学家通过植入特殊装置让瘫痪者恢复行走能力。
13．推理判断题。根据第二段“Inside is the spinal crd, which carries imprtant infrmatin between the head and the lwer part f the bdy. This infrmatin mves arund as bursts f electricity traveling between the brain and the ther parts f the bdy. When the spinal crd is hurt, this pathway gets damaged and they can’t mve their legs.（里面是脊髓，它在头部和身体下部之间传递重要信息。这些信息作为电流在大脑和身体其他部位之间传播。当脊髓受伤时，这条通路就会受损，他们的腿就不能动了。）”以及第三段“The researchers made sure the electrdes were lined up with nerves that cntrl the leg muscles. The scientists cntrlled the implants frm a tablet cmputer.（研究人员确保电极与控制腿部肌肉的神经对齐。科学家们通过平板电脑控制植入物。）”可知，脊髓受伤时，神经流受损导致他们的腿不能动，所以科学家植入特殊装置的预期用途是弥合受伤造成的神经间隙。故选D项。
5.【2022届广西桂林、崇左、贺州市高考联合调研】
Cnr McGregr is an Irish Mixed Martial artist and the current unquestined lightweight champin f Ultimate Fighting Champinship (UFC). Mixed martial arts (MMA) (综合格斗) is highly tiring and fighters have t g thrugh years f training and preparatins t later be knwn as utstanding MMA fighters. Champins f a particular divisin after lts f preparatins and cuntless number f fights still tend t lse t relatively new fighter. S this game is full f uncertainties.
Cnr, at the age f 18, mved t Lucan with his parents t start a plumbing apprenticeship (管道工学徒). He wrked as a plumber and gt tired f a 9-t-5 jb. His life tk a turn when ne day, he came acrss a MMA fighter named Tm Egan, and then started training MMA tgether with him and instantly had a skill at it. He started training full time in a nearby gym. Thugh the chances f him becming a success amng thusands f fighters arund the wrld were lw, he didn't lse hpe.
He was highly mtivated and always tld his family that he wuld turn ut t be big smeday. He felt he must sht ftage (连续镜头) f himself frequently s that he culd use the vides in the future fr his bigraphical mvie when he becmes successful. His cnfidence pushed him t the tp. He at last became ne f the biggest sprts stars in the planet ging beynd Cristian Rnald in the Frbes list f the highest paid athletes f 2018.
I’ve been training s hard and my game is cming alng. Withut dubt yu will see me in the UFC．I’ll let yu knw I wuld try t live up t expectatin f yu. He finishes this sentence with tears in his eyes. It is s heartbreaking and at the same time s refreshing t watch thse ld vides. He is indeed a determined man and inspires millins f peple arund the wrld including me.
25．Why did Cnr ften sht ftage f himself?
A．T find mtivatin frm it.
B．T save sme materials fr his future use.
C．T imprve himself by watching it.
D．T meet thers’ expectatins.
26．What can be learned frm Cnr’s experience?
A．Ding is better than saying.
B．Where there is a will, there is a way.
C．Yu can’t always get what yu want.
D．A gd beginning makes a gd ending.
【答案】25．B26．B
【解析】本文是一篇记叙文，讲述了一个叫做Cnr的水电工是如何通过自己的努力，成功地成为了一名著名的综合格斗选手。
25．推理判断题。根据文章第三段“He felt he must sht ftage (连续镜头) f himself frequently s that he culd use the vides in the future fr his bigraphical mvie when he becmes successful.(他觉得他必须拍摄下他格斗的录像，这样的话，他就能在他获得成功后，将这些录像用于他自己的传记电影中)”可知，Cnr拍摄下他格斗的录像是为了为以后的使用留下材料，故选B。
26．推理判断题。根据文章分析可知，全文主要讲述一个叫做Cnr的水电工是如何通过自己的努力，成功地成为了一名著名的综合格斗选手，在没有任何基础的情况下，在大家都不看好的情况下，他坚持训练，最终获得了成功，故他的经历呈现的就是“有志者，事竟成”的道理。故选B。
相关试卷
高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点11--推理判断之引申推断（练模拟）： 这是一份高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点11--推理判断之引申推断（练模拟），文件包含考点11--推理判断之引申推断教师版docx、考点11--推理判断之引申推断学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共78页， 欢迎下载使用。
高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点14--推理判断之推断文章结构（技巧梳理）： 这是一份高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点14--推理判断之推断文章结构（技巧梳理），文件包含考点14--推理判断之推断文章结构技巧梳理教师版docx、考点14--推理判断之推断文章结构技巧梳理学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共11页， 欢迎下载使用。
高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点13--推理判断之推断文章走势（技巧梳理）： 这是一份高考英语阅读精品套装（一讲双练） 考点13--推理判断之推断文章走势（技巧梳理），文件包含考点13--推理判断之推断文章走势技巧梳理教师版docx、考点13--推理判断之推断文章走势技巧梳理学生版docx等2份试卷配套教学资源，其中试卷共16页， 欢迎下载使用。
