16 说明文之事物类 - 研读中考作文真题总结黄金模板备战中考英语高分作文（通用版）

16 说明文之事物类

 研读中考作文真题总结黄金模板备战中考英语高分作文（通用版）

第一部分 说明文之事物类体裁解读及写法点拨

体裁解读

事物说明文是以介绍事物的形状、构造、性质、变化、类别、状态、功能、成因、结果等方面的特征。说明的目的是给读者提供知识，使之理解客观世界，掌握解决问题的方法。对中学生而言，事物说明文的出题形式为文字、图标、图表、文体则可见于短文、书信、便条、日记等。写说事物明文必须注意事实准确，表达清晰，条理清楚，层次分明，语言简练，用词准确。

写法点拨

要写好事物说明文应注意以下几点：

1. 要善于抓住事物的特征

介绍事物，一定要抓住事物的特征。所谓特征，就是这一事物区别与其他事物的标志。只有抓住了事物的特征，才能将其状貌、性质、成因、功能和意义等说的明白、清楚。这种写作方法尤其适用于描写大家所熟悉的而又具有新的、与众不同的特征的事物。

2. 要遵循一定的顺序

介绍一件事物，目的是让读者清楚地了解事物本身的特点、性质以及用途等，因此更需要条理清楚。我们可以按以下三类顺序说明事物：

（1）时间顺序，即按事物的发生、发展的先后顺序进行说明。

（2）空间顺序，即按事物空间位置的顺序，由上至下，由近及远或由里至外地进行说明。

（3）逻辑顺序，即按人们认识事物的规律进行说明，如由概括到具体，由整体到部分，由现象到本质，由表及里，由原因到结果，由主要到次要，由特点到用途等。

3. 运用恰当的语言

介绍事物，文字要力求简洁、明白、准确。除讲究语言平实准确的前提下，我们还可以运用描写的方法，来增添文章的可读性。

注意事项

事物说明文的主要特点：一是知识性和科学性，二是应用性和解说性，三是行文的条理性。写这类文章宜少用描写，要用具体翔实的材料说明问题，而不要抽象、空洞的讨论。语言要简洁、准确、条理要清楚。讨论问题是要集中，切忌面面俱到。说明文的时态常用一般现在时，语态常用被动语态，有时用虚拟语气。

 第二部分 说明文之事物类万能黄金模板

第三部分 必备词汇与套用句型

必备亮点词汇

1. 表示形状：round, square, long, tall, short, triangular(三角形的)…

2. 表示材料：wood, wool, cotton, metal, plastic, gold …

3. 表示特点：important, common, sweet, crispy, sour, salty, hard, soft, delicious, nice, fresh, pleasant, popular …

经典套用句型

1. It’s 400 meters long/ wide/ high. 它有400米长/宽/高。

2. The ruler is as long as that one. 这把尺子与那把一样长。

3. It’s made of/ from wood. 它是由木材做成的。

4. All that we can do is to ... 我们所能做的就是……

5. It is quite clear that ... 十分清楚的是……

6. There are some reasons for ... 关于……有以下理由。

第四部分 模板范文演练

英文有句谚语“East,west,home's best.”某英文报以此为标题，向广大中学生征文。请根据下面图表信息写一篇短文，介绍你家的情况。内容包括：你家的居室及居住环境、家庭成员及家庭成员之间的关系，并谈谈如何让你的家更美好。

提示：1.短文应包括图表中的全部信息，条理清楚，行文连贯；

2.短文中不能出现真实的人名和地名；

3.词数不少于80,开头已给出，不计入总词数。

East,west,home's best

There is an old saying,“East,west,home's best.”                                                         

万能模板套用分析

首先，引出写作话题。→话题

其次，对家的情况进行具体介绍。→具体介绍

最后，表达自己的想法。→表达想法

满分范文

East,west, home's best

There is an old saying,“East,west,home's best.”I couldn't agree more.

My home is located in(短语优先原则。）the center of the city. It is surrounded by many tall buildings and shopping centers, but life is very convenient here.① There are three bedrooms, one living room, one kitchen and one bathroom.②（长短句结合原则，前面是but连接的并列句，此处是there be句型。）There are three people in my family: my parents and l. My parents care about me very much. My family is full of happiness and joy.

I want to help my parents do housework as much as I can because I'm a part of my family and I want to make it better.③(句式多变原则，because引导原因状语从句。）

你也可以这样表达

①Located in the center of the city, my home is surrounded by many tall buildings and shopping centers, but life is

very convenient here.

② My home is made up of three bedrooms, one living room, one kitchen and one bathroom.

③ Being a part of my family and wanting to make it better,I'd like to help my parents do housework as much as I

can.

范文译文

东好西好，家里最好

有句俗话说得好：“东好西好，家里最好。”我再同意不过了。

我的家位于市中心。它被很多高楼大厦和购物中心环绕，但是在这里生活很方便。家里

有三个卧室，一个客厅，一个厨房和一个卫生间。我们家有三个人：我父母和我。我的父母非

常关心我。我家里充满了幸福和欢乐。

我想尽可能帮助父母做家务，因为我是家庭的一分子，我想让我家变得更好。

第五部分 中考真题黄金模板运用满分作文

A

（2021·浙江·模拟预测）

李华的叔叔永明在温州雁荡山景区开了一家民宿，他想在国际社交网站Facebook上进行宣传。假设你是李华，请根据下图，从地理位置、房间、设施等方面介绍这家民宿。

要求：

（1）词数：110词左右（开头已给出，不计入总词数）；

（2）涵盖要点，语言连贯，可适当发挥。

Welcome to our Yandang Travelling Homestay—Fengqing. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【参考范文】

Welcome to our Yandang Travelling Homestay—Fengqing. It will be the perfect place for your vacation. Let me tell you something about Fengqing.

Fengqing is located in the center of the scenic area. It is surrounded by beautiful scenery, mountains and rivers. After a tiring day of travel, you can relax yourself here. There is a bus stop and a car park 100 meters from here. So it’s convenient for you to go anywhere.

There are four bedrooms, two bathrooms, a dining hall and a swimming pool in Fengqing. The bedrooms are big and clean. You can enjoy the delicious food in the dining hall or you can cook meals by yourself. If you like swimming, you can go to the swimming pool to enjoy yourself.

I hope you can come here someday.

【详解】1.题干解读：该题目是材料类书面表达，根据所给图示，从地理位置、房间、设施等方面介绍这家民宿。

2.写作指导：该题目人称以第三人称为主，时态主要使用一般现在时；内容包括：民宿的地理位置、环境、房间和设施等，保证结构清晰条理，无单词拼写错误和语法使用错误。

B

（2021·贵州铜仁·一模）

易地扶贫搬迁项目的实施让许多农村贫困户过上了安居乐业的城市生活。假设你是精准扶贫学生李小康，请你根据下面的提示内容，用英语介绍一下你们刚入住的新社区的基本情况。

要求：

1. 80词左右，开头结尾已给出，不计入总词数；

2. 句中通顺，语意连贯，符合逻辑；

3. 必须包含所有提示内容，但不要逐句翻译，可适当发挥；

4. 务必书写正确规范，卷面整洁。

提示内容：

1. 现在住在(live in)裕山村的小区，社区很美很安静 (quiet and beautiful)。有(There be) 许多人住在这儿，社区人很友好（be kind to...），像一个大家庭。

2. 小区里有许多建筑物（buildings）和美丽的花园（gardens）。小区后面有个运动中心（sports center），人们经常去运动（do sports）。小区里有服务中心（service center），可以打电话寻 求帮助(call... for help)。

3. 在家附近有许多商店和餐馆（shops and restaurants）。学校离小区不远（far from)。虽然生活费用高（the cost of living)，但是喜欢住在城里。

My name is Li Xiaokang. My family moved from a village to the city.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

People all love the community and we have a colorful life here.

【参考范文】

My name is Li Xiaokang. My family moved from a village to the city.

I live in Yushancun now. It’s a quiet and beautiful community. There are many old people living there. Many families with young children live here, too. They are all kind to each other. It is a big family. There are a lot of buildings and small gardens in our community. Behind the buildings, there is a sports center. People often do sports here. There is a community service center in our area. We can call it for help. There are many shops and restaurants close to my home. Our school is not far from here. Although the cost of the living is high, I like living in the city very much.

People all love the community and we have a colorful life here.

【详解】1.题干解读：该题目属于材料写作。在写作时应承接短文开头；第二段本文重点，根据提示内容来描述，可适当补充；第三段已经给出，是本文的结尾。

2.写作指导：本文应该用第一人称来叙述；时态采用一般现在时为主；内容要包括所有提示内容，使用提示短语；叙述要完整，保证条理清晰。适当采用连词和副词，这样文章具有连贯性，富有逻辑性。注意检查，确保语法、单词拼写和标点正确、语句通顺，表达清楚。

C

（2022·北京一七一中模拟预测）

某英文网站正在开展以“冬奥吉祥物冰墩墩（Bing Dwen Dwen）”为主题的征文活动。假如你是李华，请用英语写一篇短文投稿，谈谈冰墩墩的外貌特点，象征意义，受欢迎的原因以及你的感受。

提示词语：a baby panda, ice clothes, lovely image(可爱的形象), national treasure(国宝), expectations(期望) for the Games, welcome, collect, difficult to buy, be crazy about, classic

提示问题：

●What does Bing Dwen Dwen look like?

●Why is it meaningful and popular?

●What do you think of it?

Bing Dwen Dwen, the mascot (吉祥物) of Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games has become popular at home and abroad.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【参考范文】

Bing Dwen Dwen, the mascot of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympic Games has become popular at home and abroad. A pair of cuddly and lovely short ears, very cute. A pair of large round black eyes, the flow of the eyes, looking bright. Charmingly naive body shape, coupled with that signature black eye. Yes, this is my new friend “Bing Dwen Dwen”, the mascot of the Beijing Winter Olympic Games.

Pandas are our national treasures. “Bing Dwen Dwen” is dressed up with a super energy ice crystal shell on the basis of the panda prototype, which is very cool and full of scientific and technological sense. The face of the ice and snow sports helmet, time overflow color. The gorgeous and vivid lines instantly make you feel like you are in the short track speed skating arena, and want to experience and feel the dream passion brought by the Olympic Games. If you are careful enough, you will also find that Bing Dwen Dwen’s left palm, a red heart pattern is unusually obvious. It represents our China as the host country, warm welcome to friends from all over the world.

I like it very much. As the overall image of “Bing Dwen Dwen” resembles astronauts, meaning to create non-ordinary, explore the future; Also because every time I think of this new friend, I will use the Olympic spirit of excellence to motivate myself to do better in every little thing in life and study. I gave it a name worthy of the name. Nicknamed “Space Panda”.

【详解】1.题干解读：本文是一篇材料作文。要求根据提示问题，谈谈冰墩墩的外貌特点，象征意义，受欢迎的原因以及你的感受。注意要点齐全，可适当发挥。

2.写作指导：写作时要以第一和第三人称来行文，时态以一般现在时为主。作文可分为三段，第一段介绍冰墩墩的外貌；第二段介绍为什么它有意义、受欢迎；第三段介绍自己的看法。要保证语言连贯，无语法和拼写错误。

D

（2021·江苏常州·一模）

随着科技的发展，越来越多的语音助手进入我们的生活，阿里巴巴发布的天猫精灵TmallGenie就是其中一款。假如你妈妈最近刚买了一个送给你作为生日礼物。下图是有关天猫精灵的介绍，请你根据所提供的信息写一份对它的介绍。

注意：

1．根据所给信息进行介绍，举例说明并适当发挥。

2．字数100字左右，短文开头已给出，不计入词数。

Hello, everyone! Here, I’d like to introduce TmallGenie that my mother bought for me as my birthday present.

________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【参考范文】

Hello, everyone! Here, I’d like to introduce TmallGenie that my mother bought for me as a present. It is so small that it is convenient to carry wherever we go. Also, both its colours and pictures are beautiful.

It can provide different kinds of service for us. Whenever we have problems with our life or study, just speak to it and it will offer us the help that we need. In addition, the music it plays can make us relaxed after a hard day’s work or study. Meanwhile, the children are easy to fall asleep by listening to the story that it tells. Also, it can remind you of important dates so that we can’t forget the important things we have to do. Every time we want to know what is happening, it will tell us some up-to-date information at home and abroad immediately.

In general, I have found my life more enjoyable and colourful since it came into my life. It is always with me like my closest friend. It can almost do whatever it is asked to. That is why I like it so much.

【详解】1.题干解读：该题目是写一篇英语短文，开头已给出。要求根据表格信息提示来介绍一下你妈妈给你买的天猫精灵，可适当发挥。

2.写作指导：本文应该用第三人称来介绍天猫精灵；因为主要是描述客观事实，时态采用一般现在时为主；介绍天猫精灵时，应描写细致；并且短文需要叙述完整，保证条理清晰。

E

（2021·辽宁沈阳·一模）

假如你是李华，每当节日来临或在一些特别的日子，你可能会收到家人或好友的礼物。请你以My favourite gift为题，写一篇短文投给学校英语周报，跟大家分享一下你最喜欢的礼物。

要点如下：

1. 总体描述你收到的最喜欢的礼物、谁送你的；

2. 你什么时候因为何故收到该礼物；

3. 这个礼物对你的价值或意义。

注意：

1. 词数在80-100，可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；

2. 开头已经为你写好，不计入总词数。

My favourite gift

We often get some gifts from our families or friends on special days. My favourite gift that I've ever received is

_________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【参考范文】

My favourite gift

We often get some gifts from our families or friends on special days. My favourite gift that I've ever received is an electronic dictionary. My father gave it to me as my birthday present last year. The electronic dictionary is silver and it is small enough to put it into my pocket. It is so useful. When I meet new words, I can look them up in it. And it can be used as an MP4. I can listen to music in my spare time. Every time I use the electronic dictionary, I always feel my father's love. I will keep the electronic dictionary forever.

【详解】1.题干解读：本文要求以My favourite gift为题写一篇短文，分享自己最喜欢的礼物，文中要介绍：收到的最喜欢的礼物是什么；是谁送你的；何故收到该礼物；阐述这个礼物对个人的价值或意义。

2.写作指导：本篇是说明文，何时收到最喜欢礼物用一般过去时，阐述这个礼物对个人的价值或意义用一般现在时。书写时要层次分明地介绍自己最喜欢的礼物是什么——是谁送你的——何故收到该礼物——阐述这个礼物对个人的价值或意义。

F

（2022·山东泰安·二模）

假定你是李华。你家乡种植的樱桃成熟了，但因疫情而滞销。你打算通过英汉双语直播面向国内外推销家乡的樱桃，请你写一个英语直播稿。内容包括：

1.个人简介及直播目的；

2.樱桃的口感、产量、价格等：

3.……

注意：1.词数100左右。

2.开头已为你写好，不计入总词数。

参考词汇：直播间 live streaming chat room；疫情 the epidemic；热销 on sale

Dear friends, welcome to my live streaming chat room. ______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

【参考范文】

Dear friends, welcome to my live streaming chat room.

This is Li Hua. Cherries planted in my hometown are mature, but not marketable due to the epidemic. I plan to sell cherries from my hometown to both home and abroad through English Chinese live broadcast. At present, there are 200,000 jin of ripe cherries. Our cherries are big and sweet because the light lasts very long. Because we are direct selling, the price is only 30 yuan per kilogram. What are you waiting for? Go shopping with your click! If you have other questions, you can ask me directly. Thank you for your support!

【详解】1.题干解读：题目要求根据提示内容及参考词汇写直播稿，向国内外推销自己家乡的樱桃。要求要点齐全，可适当发挥。

2.写作指导：写作时要以第一、二人称为主，时态采用一般现在时。可采用一段式写作，在文中详细介绍自己家乡的樱桃并进行推销。要做到无单词拼写和语法错误。