【暑假提升】人教版2019英语高一（升高二）暑假选修1-专题03 Unit 1 单元过关检测

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专题03 Unit 1单元过关检测【暑假自学课】
第二部分 阅读(共两节，满分50分)
第一节(共15小题：每小题2.5分，满分37.5分)
阅读下列短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出最佳选项。
A
（2022·湖南师大附中高一开学考试）On 4 February 2022, the Olympic cauldron was lit, signalling the start of Olympic Winter Games Beijing 2022. The events of the Games will take place in a combination of brand new structures and existing venues.
National Aquatics Centre
The iconic indoor venue in combination with its box-like design, earned it the moniker, “The Water Cube” ,which has been transformed into the “Ice Cube” in preparation for the Curling/Wheelchair Curling competition (Paralympic Winter Games). The multi-purpose venue will continue to be used for both winter and summer sports, switching between the two depending on the season.
Wukesong Sports Centre
After staging the basketball tournament at the 2008 Olympics, the Wukesong Sports Centre has successfully been used as a multipurpose arena in the years since. With a capacity of 18, 000 spectators, it will serve as the main indoor venue for ice hockey at the 2022 Winter Games alongside the National Indoor Stadium.
Big Air Shougang
Arguably the most unique venue of the Beijing 2022 Winter Olympics is Big Air Shougang, which is the world’s first permanent venue for Big Air and will stage the freestyle skiing and snowboard Big Air competitions at the Games. Following the Winter Olympics, the venue will be used for various sports competitions and athlete training, as well as cultural and civic events.
National Speed Skating Oval
The National Speed Skating Oval is the only new venue built on Beijing’s Olympic Green for the Winter Olympics. Unsurprisingly, the National Speed Skating Oval-bearing the nickname “The Ice Ribbon”-will host the speed skating competition at Beijing 2022. The stadium was built on the site of the Olympic Green Hockey Field used for field hockey event and the Olympic Green Archery Field used for the archery event in summertime.
1．What is special about “The Ice Ribbon”？
A．It will hold the Olympic Green Hockey at the 2022 Winter Olympics.
B．It will stage the Speed Skating Games at Beijing 2022.
C．It is the permanent venue for Big Air.
D．It has been used as a multipurpose arena in the years since 2008.
2．At which venues can people enjoy ice hockey competitions？
A．The National Aquatics Centre.
B．The National Speed Skating Oval.
C．The Big Air Shougang.
D．The National Indoor Stadium.
3．What does National Aquatics Centre and Wukesong Sports Centre have in common？
A．They are the brand new venues built for Beijing 2022.
B．They are especially built for the disabled athletes.
C．They are both indoor venues at the 2022 Winter Games.
D．They are major sites for cultural and civic events.
【导语】这是一篇应用文。文章主要介绍了2022北京冬奥会的主要赛事场地。
1．【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第五段“Unsurprisingly, the National Speed Skating Oval-bearing the nickname “The Ice Ribbon”-will host the speed skating competition at Beijing 2022.(不出所料，绰号“冰丝带”的国家速滑馆将在2022年北京奥运会上举办速度滑冰比赛)”可知，将在“冰丝带”速滑馆举行速度滑冰比赛，故选B。
2．【答案】D
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第三段“With a capacity of 18, 000 spectators, it will serve as the main indoor venue for ice hockey at the 2022 Winter Games alongside the National Indoor Stadium.(可容纳18000个观众，它将同国家体育场一起，作为2022年冬奥会的主要室内冰球场馆)”可知，人们可在国家体育馆观看冰球比赛，故选D。
3．【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。根据文章第二段“The iconic indoor venue in combination with its box-like design, earned it the moniker, “The Water Cube”.(这个标志性的室内场馆，加之它盒型的设计，为它赢得了“冰立方”这个绰号)”和第三段“With a capacity of 18, 000 spectators, it will serve as the main indoor venue for ice hockey at the 2022 Winter Games alongside the National Indoor Stadium.(可容纳18000个观众，它将同国家体育场一起，作为2022年冬奥会的主要室内冰球场馆)”可知，这两个都是室内的场所。故选C。
B
（2022·江西·南昌二中高一开学考试）When I was nine years old, I never dreamed that the small vending machine (自动售货机) I had owned would turn me into a small business owner. Wanting to inspire his daughter’s business sense, my dad brought home a vending machine he had purchased from a friend. Setting it down in front of me in our living room, he asked in all seriousness, “Do you want to start a business?” I said yes.
I owned 15 vending machines by the time I left high school, with all of the profits going toward my college fund. In addition to being a great bonding experience for my family, I couldn’t tell you how many skills I learned from starting and developing my own business that helped me gain responsibility. I learned that not every experience in life led to the comforting encouragement: Well, you were tried. You should face bravely all kinds of difficulties.
Understanding both personal and professional finances is one of the most important life lessons to learn—the earlier, the better. I had to be fearless and confident—learning these skills at a young age saved me from speaking with difficulty through presentations later in life. Truly understanding what you’re selling displays confidence and reliability, as does truly believing in it. Comprehending the ins and outs of your product and business shines through when speaking with clients though rejection (拒绝) happens all the time.
Throughout the unbelievable experience of running my own business in my childhood, I’ve learned valuable skills that help me in my school, job and personal life. I believe in the value of customer service. I go after clients and chances and understand that sometimes things don’t go my way. With the help of my parents and customers who supported me, I grew up as a young entrepreneur with skills to keep for the rest of my life.
4．Why did the author’s dad give her a vending machine?
A．To earn her college fund. B．To raise her business awareness.
C．To complete her class project. D．To enrich her after-class life.
5．What does the author think of her experience of running vending machines?
A．It was tough but worthwhile. B．It was scary but smooth.
C．It distanced her from her family. D．It taught her how to refuse clients.
6．What does paragraph 3 mainly tell us about the author?
A．Her attitude towards rejection.
B．Her understanding of financial problems.
C．Her insight into her business experience.
D．Her vision of the future vending machines.
7．What can we infer from the text?
A．One can succeed without support.
B．One is never too old to run the business.
C．Customer needs matters most in business.
D．Abilities acquired will pay off in the future.
【导语】本文是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者在父亲的培养下，很早便开始经商，受益良多。
4．【答案】B
【解析】细节理解题。根据第一段“Wanting to inspire his daughter’s business sense, my dad brought home a vending machine he had purchased from a friend.(为了激发女儿的商业意识，父亲带了一台从朋友那里买来的自动售货机回家。)”可知，作者的爸爸给了她一台自动售货机是为了提高她的商业意识。故选B。
5．【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“In addition to being a great bonding experience for my family, I couldn’t tell you how many skills I learned from starting and developing my own business that helped me gain responsibility. I learned that not every experience in life led to the comforting encouragement: Well, you were tried. You should face bravely all kinds of difficulties.(除了对我的家庭来说是一个很好的纽带，我无法告诉你我从开始和发展自己的企业中学到了多少技能，这些技能帮助我获得了责任。我明白了，并不是生活中的每一次经历都能带来安慰的鼓励：好吧，你试过了。你应该勇敢地面对各种困难。)”可推断，作者认为她运行自动售货机的经历很难但很值得。故选A。
6．【答案】C
【解析】主旨大意题。根据第三段“Understanding both personal and professional finances is one of the most important life lessons to learn—the earlier, the better. I had to be fearless and confident—learning these skills at a young age saved me from speaking with difficulty through presentations later in life.(了解个人和职业财务是人生中最重要的一课——越早越好。我必须无所畏惧和自信——在年轻的时候学习这些技能使我在以后的生活中在演讲中避免了困难。)”可推测，第三段主要讲述了作者对于自己商业经验的见解，从中明白领悟的道理。故选C。
7．【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“With the help of my parents and customers who supported me, I grew up as a young entrepreneur with skills to keep for the rest of my life.(在我父母和支持我的客户的帮助下，我成长为一名年轻的企业家，并拥有终身受益的技能。)”及全文可知，文章介绍了作者在父亲的培养下，很早便开始经商，受益良多，由此可推断，所获得的能力将在未来得到回报。故选D。
C
（2022·贵州·凯里一中高一开学考试）For humans, adapting to (适应) climate change will mostly be a matter of technology. More air conditioning, better-designed houses and bigger flood defenses may help reduce the effects of a warmer world. However, animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviour.
In a study done by Trends in Ecology & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD at Deakin University, in Australia, shows that is already happening. And climate change is already changing the bodies of many animal species, giving them bigger beaks (鸟喙), limbs and ears.
In some species of Australian parrot, for example, beak size has increased by between 4% and 10% since 1871. All that is nicely in line with evolutionary theory (进化论). “Allen’s rule”, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages (附肢) than those in mild regions.
Such increase in an animal’s surface area helps it release (释放) extra heat. For example, being richly gifted with blood vessels, and not covered by feathers, beaks make an ideal place for birds to release heat.
It seems clear that the world of the future is not just going to be hotter than humans are used to. These animals living in it will look different, too. Studying a larger range of animals will help figure out what is exactly happening. Much of Ms Ryding’s data is about birds, however, with less information available for other animals.
8．What is the purpose of the text?
A．To introduce climate change. B．To introduce evolution of animals.
C．To introduce a result of a study. D．To introduce a technology.
9．What does the underlined word “that” in paragraph 2 refer to?
A．For humans, adapting to climate change will mostly be a matter of technology.
B．A study which was done by Trends in Ecology & Evolution.
C．Technology may help reduce the effects of a warmer world.
D．Animals will have to rely on changing their bodies to adapt to climate change.
10．What is “Allen’s rules”?
A．It says that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages than those in mild regions.
B．It holds that animals in hot place tend to have larger appendages than those in cold region.
C．It says that cold-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages than those in mild regions.
D．It holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages than those in cold regions.
11．What will Sara Ryding’s team do in the future?
A．They will do a larger range of researches on birds.
B．They will do more researches on other animals.
C．They will do more researches on climate change.
D．They will do more researches on technology.
【导语】本文是说明文。澳大利亚迪肯大学博士候选人莎拉·赖丁领导的一个研究小组表明，气候变化已经改变了许多动物物种的身体。如拥有更大的喙、四肢和耳朵。
8．【答案】C
【解析】推理判断题。根据第二段“In a study done by Trends in Ecology & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD at Deakin University, in Australia, shows that is already happening. And climate change is already changing the bodies of many animal species, giving them bigger beaks (鸟喙), limbs and ears.”（由澳大利亚迪肯大学博士萨拉·莱丁领导的研究小组在生态与进化趋势中做了一项研究，表明这已经发生了。气候变化已经改变了许多动物的身体，使它们的喙、四肢和耳朵更大。）可知，本文是为了介绍一个研究结果。故选C。
9．【答案】D
【解析】词义猜测题。根据第一段“However, animals will have to rely on changing their bodies or their behaviour.”（然而，动物将不得不改变它们的身体或行为。）以及第二段“In a study done by Trends in Ecology & Evolution, a team led by Sara Ryding, a PhD at Deakin University, in Australia, shows that is already happening. ”（由澳大利亚迪肯大学博士萨拉·莱丁领导的研究小组在生态与进化趋势中做了一项研究，表明这已经发生了。）可知，that指代的是上面“动物将不得不通过改变身体来适应气候变化”。故选D。
10．【答案】A
【解析】推理判断题。根据第三段“‘Allen’s rule’, named for Joel Asaph Allen, who suggested it in 1877, holds that warm-blooded animals in hot places tend to have larger appendages (附肢) than those in mild regions.”（“艾伦法则”是以乔尔·阿萨弗·艾伦的名字命名的，他在1877年提出了这一理论。该理论认为，生活在炎热地区的温血动物往往比生活在温和地区的温血动物有更大的附肢。）可知，该研究认为，生活在炎热地区的温血动物往往比生活在温和地区的温血动物有更大的附肢。故选A。
11．【答案】B
【解析】推理判断题。根据最后一段“Studying a larger range of animals will help figure out what is exactly happening. Much of Ms Ryding’s data is about birds, however, with less information available for other animals.”（研究更大范围的动物将有助于弄清楚到底发生了什么。然而，Ryding女士的大部分数据是关于鸟类的，其他动物的信息较少。）可知，Sara Ryding的团队在未来会在其他动物身上做更多的研究。故选B。
D
（2022·湖南师大附中高一开学考试）We've all been there：those times you need to argue your point of view to someone who you know disagrees with you. You immediately go to your keyboard and start to type out that 280-character Twitter，the Facebook reply，or a paragraphs-long email. Surely the reason，logic and strong power of your written words will persuade whoever disagrees with you to see your point of view. But new research suggests a different idea.
That research was conducted by Juliana Schroeder，assistant professor of University of California，Berkeley，and her colleagues. In Schroeder's study of almost 300 people，participants were asked to watch，listen，and read arguments about subjects they agreed or disagreed with. They were asked to judge the character of the communicator and the quality of the argument. Schroeder's team found that the participants who watched or listened to the communicator were less dismissive（抵触的）of their claims than when they read that communicator's same argument.
The idea for her study came from a newspaper article about a politician. “One of us read a speech that was printed in a newspaper from a politician with whom he strongly disagreed. The next week，he heard the exact same speech playing on a radio station. He was shocked by how different his reaction was toward the politician when he read the speech compared to when he heard it. When he read the statement，the politician seemed idiotic，but when he heard it spoken，the politician actually sounded reasonable.
So in the workplace，speaking to someone in person often involves nothing more than walking a few doors down to their office. And that's exactly what you should do if you need to convince that boss or colleague of why your blueprint for the company or project is the right one. Only as a last way should you try to communicate with someone who you disagree with over social media. Twitter's limited text allowance and social media users' short attention make arguing your point a difficult battle.
12．What's the result of the research？
A．Written words are more logical and reasonable.
B．People prefer to communicate with keyboard.
C．Spoken，not written，communication works better.
D．When reading an argument，the participants were less dismissive than hearing it.
13．Why is the politician mentioned？
A．To explain what inspired Schroeder to conduct the research.
B．To summarize the previous paragraphs.
C．To introduce the reaction of the politician to the study.
D．To introduce the politician's speech.
14．What does the underlined word “idiotic” mean？
A．Silly. B．Practical. C．Familiar. D．Special.
15．What can we infer from the last paragraph？
A．To persuade your boss，you need to walk to his office and leave a message.
B．Communicating with others over social media is encouraged.
C．Arguing over social media is more convenient than speaking in person.
D．It's difficult to fully explain your points due to social media's limitation.
【导语】这是一篇说明文。文章通过介绍一个研究结果说明面对同一个观点，口头的比起书面的表达更容易让人接受。
12．【答案】C
【解析】细节理解题。由文第二段最后一句“Schroeder's team found that the participants who watched or listened to the communicator were less dismissive（抵触的）of their claims than when they read that communicator's same argument.”（Schroeder的团队发现，比起阅读交流者的论点的参与者，观看或者聆听交流者的参与者对于他们的声称观点没有那么抵触）可知，口头交流比书面交流更奏效，故选C项。
13．【答案】A
【解析】细节理解题。根据第三段第一句“The idea for her study came from a newspaper article about a politician．”（她研究的想法来自一篇关于一名政治家的报纸文章）可知，Schroeder的研究灵感来自于一篇关于一位政治家的报纸文章。由此可知，第三段提到政治家是为了解释是什么启发了施罗德进行这项研究，故选A项。
14．【答案】A
【解析】词义猜测题。根据划线词后的“but when he heard it spoken，the politician actually sounded reasonable（但是当他听到这么说的时候，这位政治家听起来确实很有道理）”可推出，当他读这位政治家的陈述时，划线词idiotic的意思应与reasonable意思相反，所以应该是“愚蠢的，不合理的”。故选A项。
15．【答案】D
【解析】推理判断题。根据文章最后一句“Twitter's limited text allowance and social media users' short attention make arguing your point a difficult battle.” （Twitter的文字限制和社交媒体用户的短暂注意力，会让你的争论成为一场艰苦的战斗）可知，也就是说由于社交媒体的局限性，完全解释你的观点是很难的，故选D项。
第二节(共5小题：每小题2.5分，满分12.5分)
阅读下面短文，从短文后的选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。选项中有两项为多余选项。
（2022·安徽省蚌埠第三中学高一开学考试）       Many people who don’t normally visit museums may consider them boring and often wonder what the appeal(吸引力）is. Actually, people visit museums for a variety of reasons. .___16___ And we thought it would be interesting to examine these reasons in an effort to change naysayers’(反对者的）minds. As a result, we’ve come up with some reasons to visit museums.
       Expand horizons.___17___ Each work opens a doorway into artists’ soul and lets you explore what they felt, rather than merely observed. Every piece of art tells a unique story, and by studying it, you can experience a different world.
Gain inspiration. Do you ever feel like you   need a breath of inspiration to refresh your soul? It’s not a coincidence(巧合）that there’s a “muse” in museums! A museum is a wonderful place to get inspired and let creative juices begin to flow again.___18___
Offer “food” for conversation. This is because museums can help fuel your discussions with other people. Whether it’s a new exhibit or a fascinating show, museums offer a variety of subjects to talk about. ___19___You   can also mention exciting inventions in science, historical findings and so on.
___20___ Museums offer a perfect opportunity to meet some people that share your love of art and culture. By taking in new exhibits or attending lectures, you’re placing yourself in an atmosphere that will attract like minds.
A．Change your attitude towards life.
B．Meet those sharing similar interests.
C．Some are personal and some are social.
D．It has a positive effect on the whole society.
E．These topics aren’t just limited to traditional artworks.
F．Observing artistic works enables you to come up with new ideas.
G．Visiting museums allows you to place yourself in the shoes of artists.
【导语】这是一篇说明文，文章讲述了参观博物馆的原因。
16．【答案】C
【解析】空前一句“Actually, people visit museums for a variety of reasons.(事实上，人们参观博物馆有各种各样的原因。)”提到，人们因各种原因而参观博物馆，分析选项，C项“有些是私人原因，有些是社会性的原因”承接上文，进一步描述人们参观博物馆的原因，故选C项。
17．【答案】G
【解析】根据空后一句“Each work opens a doorway into artists’ soul and lets you explore what they felt, rather than merely observed.(每一件作品都打开了一扇通向艺术家灵魂的大门，让你探索他们的感受，而不仅仅是观察。)”可知，G项“参观博物馆能让你站在艺术家的角度思考问题。”与下文衔接紧密，符合语境，G项中的“artists”是关键词，和下文的“artists”呼应。故选G项。
18．【答案】F
【解析】根据本段主题“Gain inspiration.(获得灵感)”及空前一句“A museum is a wonderful place to get inspired and let creative juices begin to flow again.(博物馆是一个获得灵感和让创造力重新开始流动的好地方。)”可知，本段主要讲述参观博物馆能激发灵感，F项“观察艺术作品能让你产生新的想法。”与本段主题一致。故选F项。
19．【答案】E
【解析】根据空前一句“Whether it’s a new exhibit or a fascinating show, museums offer a variety of subjects to talk about.(无论是一个新的展览还是一个迷人的展览会，博物馆提供了各种各样的话题来谈论。)”可知，此处是说博物馆能提供各种各样的话题，E项“这些话题不仅限于传统艺术品。”符合语境，和空后一句“You can also mention exciting inventions in science, historical findings and so on.(你也可以提到令人兴奋的科学发明、历史发现等等。)”衔接紧密，E项中的topics和前一句中的subjects是同义词。故选E项。
20．【答案】B
【解析】空处位于段首，是段落主题句，结合本段内容“Museums offer a perfect opportunity to meet some people that share your love of art and culture.(博物馆提供了一个绝佳的机会来认识一些和你一样热爱艺术和文化的人。)”可知，本段讲述参观博物馆能遇见志同道合的人，B项“认识那些有相似兴趣的人。”符合语境。故选B项。
第三部分 语言运用(共两节，满分30分)
第一节(共15小题; 每小题1分，满分15分)
阅读下面短文，从每题所给的A、B、C、D四个选项中选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
（2022·湖南师大附中高一开学考试）When I was 13，my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. That meant ___21___ Miller King，who was the best player at our school.
Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out. I carried my football everywhere for ___22___. Just before September，Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm. I went to see him the day after football practice started—after he'd come back from hospital. He looked quite ___23___，but he didn't cry.
That season，I ___24___ all of Miller's records while he ___25___ the home games from the bench，wearing his jersey with an empty sleeve. We went 101 and I was named Most Valuable Player，___26___ I was haunted by crazy dreams in which I was to blame for Miller's ___27___.
One afternoon，I was crossing the field to go home and saw Miller stuck ___28___ a fence-which wasn't hard to climb if you had both arms. I'm sure I was the last person in the world he wanted to accept ___29___ from. But even that challenge he accepted. I ___30___ him move slowly over the fence. When we were finally ___31___ on the other side，he said to me，“You know，I didn't tell you this during the ___32___，but you did a great job. Thank you for filling in for me. ” His words freed me from my bad dreams. I thought to myself，how even without an arm he was more of a leader. Damaged but not ___33___，he was still ahead of me. I was right to have ___34___ him. From that day on，I grew ___35___ and a little more real.
21．A．cheering for B．staying with C．relying on D．beating out
22．A．practice B．show C．comfort D．pleasure
23．A．calm B．pale C．relaxed D．ashamed
24．A．held B．broke C．set D．tried
25．A．reported B．judged C．organized D．watched
26．A．and B．then C．but D．thus
27．A．decision B．mistake C．sacrifice D．accident
28．A．going through B．going over C．jumping over D．looking through
29．A．praise B．advice C．assistance D．apology
30．A．let B．helped C．had D．noticed
31．A．tired and upset B．alive and well C．joyful and delightful D．safe and sound
32．A．recovery B．summer C．treatment D．season
33．A．ruined B．defeated C．lost D．abandoned
34．A．admired B．cured C．invited D．challenged
35．A．healthier B．bigger C．cleverer D．cooler
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章描述了我十三岁时的梦想是成为校足球队明星，后来校足球队一名种子选手意外失去一只手臂，我因此实现了梦想后的复杂心情。
21．【答案】D
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：这意味着击败了我们学校最好的球员Miller King。A. cheer for 为……欢呼；B. stay with和……待在一起；C. rely on依靠；D. beat out打败。根据前文“When I was 13，my only purpose was to become the star on our football team.”可知，要想成为球队里的明星，就要打败最优秀的球员。故选D项。
22．【答案】A
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我带着足球到处练习。A. practice练习；B. show演出，表演；C. comfort安慰；D. pleasure愉快，快乐。根据前文“Football season started in September and all summer long I worked out.”可知，为了实现梦想，我随身带着足球随时练习。故选A项。
23．【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他看起来脸色苍白，但他没有哭。A. calm平静的；B. pale苍白的；C. relaxed放松的；D. ashamed羞耻的，惭愧的。根据前文“I went to see him the day after football practice started—after he'd come back from hospital.”他去医院，以及后文“but he didn't cry”可知，Miller的情况不太乐观，看起来脸色苍白。故选B项。
24．【答案】
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那个赛季，当米勒穿着一件空着袖子的球衣，在长椅上观看主场比赛时，我打破了他所有的记录。A. hold抓住，持有；B. break打破，打碎；C. set创立，开创；D. try尝试。根据后文“I was named Most Valuable Player”可知，作者取得了很好的成绩，因此是break a record，意为“打破纪录”。故选B项。
25．【答案】D
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那个赛季，当米勒穿着一件空着袖子的球衣，在长椅上观看主场比赛时，我打破了他所有的记录。A. report报告；B. judge判断，审理；C. organize组织；D. watch观看，观察。根据前文“Just before September，Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm.”，以及后文“wearing his jersey with an empty sleeve.”可知，Miller出了车祸，不能打球了，所以他坐在长凳上观看比赛。故选D项。
26．【答案】C
【解析】考查连词词义辨析。句意：我们进了101，我被评为最有价值的球员，但我总是做噩梦，在梦中，Miller的事故是我造成的。A. and和；B. then然后；C. but但是；D. thus因此。本句前半句“We went 101 and I was named Most Valuable Player”和后半句“I was haunted by crazy dreams”是对比关系，作者虽然被选为最有价值球员，但是他总是做噩梦。故选C项。
27．【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我们进了101，我被评为最有价值的球员，但我总是做噩梦，在梦中，Miller的事故是我造成的。A. decision决定；B. mistake错误；C. sacrifice牺牲；D. accident事故。根据前文“That season, I broke all of Miller's records while he watched the home games from the bench，wearing his jersey with an empty sleeve.”“Miller was struck by a car and lost his right arm. ”以及本句“I was haunted by crazy dreams”可知，我虽然成为校足球队的明星，可是心里并不好过，如果不是Miller因意外车祸丧失了右臂，也许不会有我今天的成功。故选D项。
28．【答案】B
【解析】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：一天下午，我穿过田野回家，看到Miller在翻篱笆时被困在上面，如果你有两只胳膊的话，这道篱笆并不难爬。A. go through检查，穿过（从中间穿过）；B. go over检查，翻过；C. jump over跳过；D. look through浏览。根据下文“I helped him move slowly over the fence.”中的over，以及“which wasn't hard to climb if you had both arms.”，可知此处是从上面翻越栅栏。故选B项。
29．【答案】C
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我相信他最不愿意接受我的帮助。A. praise表扬；B. advice建议；C. assistance帮助；D. apology道歉。根据后文“But even that challenge he accepted. I helped him move slowly over the fence. ”以及 “we were finally safe and sound on the other side，”我们成功翻过了栅栏可知，我帮助Miller翻越了栅栏。故选C项。
30．【答案】B
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我帮助他慢慢地越过栅栏。A. let让；B. help帮助；C. have有,使；D. notice注意到。根据后文“When we were finally safe and sound on the other side”可知，我们俩都到了栅栏另一面，因此是我帮助他翻过栅栏。故选B项。
31．【答案】D
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我们最终安全到达另一边时，他对我说：“你知道，我在比赛时没有告诉你，但你做得很好。谢谢你代替我。”A. tired and upset疲劳烦恼；B. alive and well活蹦乱跳；C. joyful and delightful欢快的；D. safe and sound安然无恙。根据前文“Miller stuck going over a fence-which wasn't hard to climb if you had both arms.”，“I helped him move slowly over the fence.”以及本句中他和我说的话可知，翻栅栏对他来说虽然有很大困难，但后来我们安全地翻过去了。故选D项。
32．【答案】D
【解析】考查名词词义辨析。句意：这个赛季中我没告诉你，但你做得很好。A. recovery恢复，痊愈；B. summer夏天；C. treatment治疗，处理；D. season季节，赛季。根据前文“That season，I broke all of Miller's records while he watched the home games from the bench, wearing his jersey with an empty sleeve.”可知，此空填season，此处意为“赛季”。故选D项。
33．【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：他虽然受伤了，但没有被打败，他仍然领先我。A. ruined毁灭的，荒废的；B. defeated被击败的；C. lost失去的，困惑的；D. abandoned被抛弃的。根据前文“I thought to myself, how even without an arm he was more of a leader.”可知，虽然他失去了胳膊，但他更像一个领导者，他虽然受伤了，但他没有被打败。故选B项。
34．【答案】A
【解析】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我崇拜他是对的。A. admire钦佩，赞美；B. cure治愈；C. invite邀请；D. challenge挑战。根据前文“When I was 13, my only purpose was to become the star on our football team. That meant beating our Miller King, who was the best player at our school.”可知，我一直很想当球队的明星，因此我一直崇拜Miller。故选A项。
35．【答案】B
【解析】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从那天起，我变得强大了，更真实了。A. healthy健康的；B. big大的，重要的；C. clever聪明的；D. cool冷静的，凉的。根据前文可知，作者在经历这一事情之后有所成长，因此是长大了许多，变得强大了。故选B项。
第二节(共10小题; 每小题1.5分，满分15分)
（2021·陕西省子洲中学高一开学考试）阅读下面材料，在空白处填入适当的内容（1个单词）或括号内单词的正确形式。
Festivals and celebrations of all kinds ____36____ (hold) everywhere since ancient times. Today’s festivals have many ____37____ (origin). Some religious, something seasonal, and some for special people or events. Some festivals are held ____38____ ( honor) the dead or to satisfy the ancestors. Festivals can also be held to honor famous people. In China, the Dragon Boat Festival honors the well- known ancient poet, Qu Yuan.
What’s more, harvest festivals can also be very happy events. China has the Mid -Autumn Festival, when people admire the moon and enjoy mooncakes. The most ____39____ (energy) and important festivals are the ones ____40____ look forward to the end of winter and to the coming of spring. At ____41____ Spring Festival in China, people eat dumplings, fish and meat and may give children lucky money ____42____ red paper. Some Western countries have very ____43____ (excite) carnivals, which take place forty days before Easter, ____44____ (usual) in February. Why are all these festivals popular? Because during the festivals, people can get together and have fun____45____ (enjoy) everything with each other, forgetting the work for a little while.
【导语】本文是一篇说明文，主要介绍了世界各地的节日以及庆祝活动。
36．【答案】have been held
【解析】考查时态，语态和主谓一致。句意：自古以来，各地都有各种各样的节日和庆祝活动。由“since ancient times”可知，句子时态是现在完成时，且节日和庆祝活动是被举行，因此空格处是现在完成时的被动语态，即have/has been done，主语“Festivals and celebrations of all kinds”是复数，因此空格处是have been held。故填have been held。
37．【答案】origins
【解析】考查名词的复数。句意：今天的节日有很多起源。many后跟名词的复数origins。故填origins。
38．【答案】to honor
【解析】考查不定式。句意：有些节日是为了纪念死者或满足祖先的需要而举行的。根据语境可知，句子表示“有些节日是为了纪念死者或满足祖先的需要而举行的”，因此空格处用不定式to honor表目的，故填to honor。
39．【答案】energetic
【解析】考查形容词。句意：最充满活力和最重要的节日是那些期待冬天结束和春天到来的节日。空格处用形容词作定语，修饰名词festivals，energy的形容词是energetic，意为“充满活力的”，空格前有“The most”，因此空格处用形容词原级，和前面的“The most”构成形容词的最高级，故填energetic。
40．【答案】that
【解析】考查定语从句。句意：最充满活力和最重要的节日是那些期待冬天结束和春天到来的节日。分析句子结构可知，空格处引导的是定语从句，从句中缺少主语，先行词ones是不定代词，因此空格处用关系代词that引导定语从句，故填that。
41．【答案】the
【解析】考查定冠词。句意：在中国的春节，人们吃饺子、鱼和肉，并可能给孩子们红包。空格处用定冠词the特指中国的春节，故填the。
42．【答案】in
【解析】考查介词。句意：在中国的春节，人们吃饺子、鱼和肉，并可能给孩子们红包。根据常识可知，过春节大人是把压岁钱放在红包里，因此空格处表示“在……里面”，是介词in，故填in。
43．【答案】exciting
【解析】考查形容词。句意：一些西方国家有非常令人兴奋的嘉年华会，在复活节前四十天举行，通常在二月。空格处用形容词作定语修饰名词carnivals，carnivals是物，修饰物用ing结尾的形容词，即exciting，意为“令人兴奋的”。故填exciting。
44．【答案】usually
【解析】考查副词。句意：一些西方国家有非常令人兴奋的嘉年华会，在复活节前四十天举行，通常在二月。空格处用副词usually修饰介词短语“in February”，作状语，usually意为“通常”，故填usually。
45．【答案】enjoying
【解析】考查动名词和固定短语。句意：因为在节日期间，人们可以聚在一起，互相享受一切，暂时忘记工作。have fun doing sth.是固定短语，意为“做某事很愉快”，因此空格处用动名词enjoying，作宾语，故填enjoying。
第四部分 写作(共两节，满分40分)
第一节(满分15分)
（2022·湖南师大附中高一开学考试）假如你是李华，你有一位网友David是在中国学习的交换生。最近他身体不好，经常感冒，影响了学习。请你给他写一封电子邮件，内容包括：
1. 饮食、运动的重要性；
2. 给出建议；
3. 你的祝愿。
注意：1. 写作词数应为80左右；
2. 可以适当增加细节，以使行文连贯；
3. 请按如下格式在答题卡的相应位置作答。
Dear David，
____________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Yours，
Li Hua
【答案】Dear David，
I’m quite sorry to learn that you have not been feeling quite yourself these days, which affects your study a lot. Personally I think you need to pay attention to the following aspects.
First of all, keep a balanced diet, which is the key to keeping fit. Besides, take regular exercise, which can build up your body and prevent diseases attacking you at the same time. Only in this way can you guarantee a healthy body and efficient study.
Wish you all the best.
Yours．
Li Hua
第二节(满分25分)
（2022·贵州·凯里一中高一开学考试）阅读下面材料，根据其内容和所给段落开头语续写两段，使之构成一篇完整的短文。
My family went on our annual (每年的) summer vacation in a small house on a lake. Every day we kids are busy swimming, fishing and building sand castle on the beach. By the third day of our vacation, however, something caught my attention. I noticed my 10-year-old sister, Kate, always watching videos and looking through online shops indoors. She was so addicted to her cell phone! Over dinner, I asked Kate whether she would like to go hike to the top of the mountain across the lake the following morning, “Maybe you need put your phone away and enjoy the wonderful scenery. It’s really amazing.”
“Well,” Kate replied unwillingly, “there are some bargains (减价品) tomorrow in several online shops, so I’ll not be available tomorrow.”
“You can’t miss the fresh air and beautiful views here. Hiking is really fun!”
“I cannot walk so far”, she didn’t look up from her soup and mumbled (嘟囔), “and it sounds more like punishment than a vacation.”
When I said it only took us half an hour of steady walk to climb to the top, though reluctant, she nodded, “Fine, I’ll go.”
The weather was fine as usual with clear skies and gentle winds. After packing, I found Kate walking slowly downstairs and in a very unenthusiastic (不热情的) voice, “Ok, I’m ready to go. Tom”
Anyway, when we stepped out of our house, quite a different view unfolded before our eyes. Sunlight brightened on the glassy surface of the lake. Not far away, a rough path wound to the top of the mountain across the lake with flowers and grass on both sides. We began from the path.
“Tom, I’m still wondering if it is a good idea to go hiking.” Kate said, frowning (皱眉).
注意：1. 续写词数应为150左右；
2. 请在答题卡的相应位置作答。
She followed me but kept some distance, thinking something else.
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
Reaching the top, Kate widened her eyes, shouting, “How wonderful!”
_______________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________
【答案】       She followed me but kept some distance, thinking something else. Minutes later, we started to climb a steep slope. Kate sighed, dragging her legs behind me. I was surprised to find some rarely-seen trees and flowers, and took many photos but Kate showed no interest. She stopped and sat on a rock, thirsty, sweaty and bored. I handed her a bottle of water and we took a break. “I missed my phone.” she complained as we continued climbing. Though unhappy, she just climbed along with me.
Reaching the top, Kate widened her eyes, shouting, “How wonderful!” She looked around dreamily, her eyes twinkling with indescribably wild excitement. A refreshing breeze brushed the mountain top, miles of trees spread out below us and birds chirped between branches. We sat on a large rock and ate sandwiches, enjoying the sounds, the smells and the sunlight. “Anyone still wants her phone?” I joked. She rolled her eyes, laughing out loud. The next morning, Kate danced to my room, crying, “Let’s hike around the lake today.” “Sure, get our backpack then.” I beamed, relieved and joyful.
【解析】
【导语】
文章讲述了一次，在作者和家人在湖边度假时，孩子们都忙着在外面玩耍，但作者10岁的妹妹凯特却沉迷于手机无法自拔。作者建议凯特第二天和自己一起徒步爬山，凯特起初是拒绝的，但在作者不断地劝说下，她答应了。第二天早晨，天气很好，作者和凯特开始了徒步旅行，但凯特还是不太情愿。
【详解】
1.段落续写：
①由第一段首句内容“她跟着我，但保持了一些距离，想着别的事情。”可知，第一段可描写在两人爬山的初期，作者和凯特的状态。
②由第二段首句内容“到达山顶时，凯特睁大了眼睛，喊道：“太棒了！””可知，第二段可描写当两人到达山顶时，凯特状态的变化及这次经历带给凯特的影响。
2.续写线索：开始爬山——作者感到兴奋——凯特感到无聊——到达山顶——欣赏美景——凯特感到兴奋——凯特的变化
3.词汇激活
行为类
①.开始做某事：start to do sth./begin to do sth.
②.休息一下：take a break/have a rest
③.环顾四周：look around/look all round
情绪类
①.惊讶的：surprised/astonished
②.高兴的：joyful/pleased
【点睛】
[高分句型1]. “I missed my phone.” she complained as we continued climbing.（由as引导的时间状语从句）
[高分句型2]. Though unhappy, she just climbed along with me.（由Though引导的让步状语从句，省略了从句中的“she was”）