【暑假高三预备】课标全国卷地区英语高二（升高三）暑假预习-第03讲 形容词和副词 讲学案

这是一份【暑假高三预备】课标全国卷地区英语高二（升高三）暑假预习-第03讲 形容词和副词 讲学案，文件包含第03讲形容词和副词解析版-暑假自学课2023年新高三英语暑假精品课课标全国卷docx、第03讲形容词和副词原卷版-暑假自学课2023年新高三英语暑假精品课课标全国卷docx等2份学案配套教学资源，其中学案共39页， 欢迎下载使用。


1.掌握形容词、副词的基本用法
2.掌握形容词、副词变为比较级、最高级的规则
3.掌握形容词、副词比较级、最高级的常用句型
4.掌握形容词、副词构词法
一、形容词副词思维导图
二、形容词句法功能
1.形容词作定语
Bris has brains. In fact, I dubt whether anyne in the class has a higher IQ.
保利斯有头脑。事实上，我怀疑班上是否有人比他智商高。
He is a by gd at sprts. 他是个擅长体育运动的孩子。
2.形容词作表语
The Chinese are hardwrking and friendly. 中国人勤劳友好。
3.形容词作补足语
We keep the lab clean and tidy. 我们保持实验室干净、整洁。
4.形容词作状语
He spent seven days in the wind and snw, cld and hungry.
他又冷又饿地在风雪中过了7天。
Fr a mment she just std there, unable t believe what had just happened.
她在那儿呆呆地站了一会，简直不能相信刚才发生的事。
三、副词句法功能
1.副词作状语
Bungee jumping is very attractive t the yunger generatin. 蹦极对年青一代非常有吸引力。
The ftball player must be well past thirty. 这位足球队员一定大大超过 30 岁了。
Frtunately，I was in time fr the interview.幸运的是，我及时赶上了面试。
2.副词作表语
Is everybdy here？大家都到齐了吗？
He must be ut，fr the lights in the huse were all ut. 他一定出去了，因为房里的灯都关了。
3.副词作补足语
Will yu please let us in？请让我们进去，好吗？
T his great jy, all his teachers came and saw him ff.令他高兴的是，他所有的老师都来为他送行。
四、具有两种形式的副词的区别
deep adv在深处，深深地（本义，不带感情色彩）He pushed the stick deep int the mud.
deeply adv 深深地（引申义，带有感情色彩）Even father was deeply mved by the film.
high adv 高高地（本义，不带感情色彩）The plane was flying high.
highly adv 高度地（引申义，带有感情色彩）I think highly f yur pinin.
clse adv在深处，深深地（本义，不带感情色彩）He is sitting clse t me.
clsely adv 密切地；仔细地（引申义，带有感情色彩）Watch him clsely.
wide adv 大地；宽地 He pened the dr wide.
widely adv 广泛地 English is widely used in the wrld.
late adv 迟地，晚地 Yu have cme t late.
lately adv 最近；近来What have yu been ding lately?
hard adv 努力地；用功地 Richard is already wrking very hard.
hardly adv 几乎不This is t small. I can hardly read it.
mst adv 最多，最 I mst enjy ppular sngs.
mstly adv 大部分地；主要地He is mstly at wrk n his weekend.
五、构成形容词的常见后缀
1．名词＋­y
sun—sunny阳光充足的
wind—windy多风的
fun—funny滑稽的
fg—fggy有雾的
flwer—flwery多花的；似花(香)的
rain—rainy多雨的
2．动词＋­able
advise—advisable可取的；明智的
cmfrt—cmfrtable舒适的
3．名词＋­al
natin—natinal国家的
educatin—educatinal教育的
nature—natural天然的
additin—additinal附加的
4．名词＋­en
wd—wden木制的
gld—glden金色的
5．动词＋­ent
differ—different不同的
insist—insistent坚持的
6．名词＋­ish
fl—flish愚蠢的
self—selfish自私的
by—byish顽皮可爱的
child—childish孩子气的
7．动词＋­ive
act—active积极的
impress—impressive印象深刻的
8．名词＋­ful
pwer—pwerful强有力的
peace—peaceful和平的
beauty—beautiful美丽的
wnder—wnderful精彩的
help—helpful有帮助的
faith—faithful忠诚的
shame—shameful可耻的
thank—thankful感谢的
9．名词＋­us
danger—dangerus危险的
curage—curageus勇敢的
fame—famus著名的
envy—envius羡慕的；妒忌的
10．名词＋­ly
friend—friendly友好的
rder—rderly有秩序的
time—timely及时的
mnth—mnthly每月的
year—yearly每年的
day—daily每天的
六、形容词加-ly变副词
1：多数形容词变为副词，直接加-ly：
successful—successfully severe—severely extreme—extremely
例外：full-fully
2：以-y结尾形容词变副词要变y为i再加-ly：
happy—happily easy—easily heavy—heavily necessary---necessarily
例外：shy—shyly
3：以-le, -ble结尾的形容词变副词，去e加y：
gentle—gently pssible—pssibly prbable—prbably simple—simply
例外：true—truly whle—whlly
4：以-ic结尾的形容词变为副词，直接加-ally：
basic—basically specific—specifically autmatic—autmatically
例外：public--publicly
5：以-ing结尾形容词变为副词，直接加-ly：
surprising-surprisingly increasing—increasingly interesting—interestingly
6：以-ed结尾形容词变为副词，直接加-ly：
repeat—repeatedly hurried—hurriedly unexpected—unexpectedly
七、常见易混形容词副词的区别
s adv 如此；太 （修饰形容词、副词或动词）I have s many friends t party with.
such adj 这样的，如此的 （修饰名词）She is such a kindhearted lady.
gd adj 好的，好样的 （作定语或表语）Her sn is a gd student.
well adv 好的 （修饰动词、形容词作状语）He plays basketball very well.
many adj 很多的，许多的（修饰复数名词）There are t many mistakes in this essay.
much adj很多的，许多的（修饰不可数名词）Hw much petrl d yu need?
few adj 一些；少的（修饰复数名词） There seem t be fewer turists arund this year.
little adj一些；少的（修饰不可数名词）I had little mney and little free time.
八、形容词和副词的比较级和最高级的构成规则
1.规则变化
2. 不规则变化
九、原级比较句式：as +形容词/副词原形+as…
1.as…as…引导的原级比较状语从句，第一个as是副词，第二个是连词，中间接形容词、副词原级，意思是“和……一样……”。
The detective is searching the man as carefully as he can. 这个侦探正在尽可能仔细地搜身这个人。
Our classrm is as big as theirs. 我们的课室跟他们的一样大。
I hpe yu like it as much as I d. 我喜欢你跟我一样喜欢它。
2. nt as/s +形容词/副词原形+as…
该句型是as…as…句型的变式，注意只有在否定句中第一个as可以与s替换使用。
Riding a hrse is nt as easy as riding a mtr cycle. 骑马不像七摩托车那样容易。
He is nt s naughty as I thught he was 他不像我过去认为的那样淘气。
3. 倍数词+as +形容词/副词原形+as…
该句型是as…as…句型的变式，注意倍数词必须放在as…as…结构最前边，形容词副词用原形。
I earn half as much as yu d every year. 每年我挣到你一半的钱。
The dictinary is exactly five times as expensive as that ne. 这本词典正好是那本价格五倍。
十、形容词副词比较级常用句型
1. 形容词/副词比较级+than…
形容词/副词比较级+than…结构是比较级最常用结构，than是最显著标志，请注意把握。
This picture is mre beautiful than that ne. 这幅画比那副更漂亮。
The sun is much bigger than the mn. 太阳比月亮大得多。
2.The+比较级…，the+比较级…
“The+比较级+主语+谓语，the+比较级+主语+谓语”是比较级高频句型，表示“越……，越……”。前一分句是从句，后一分句是主句，注意都用陈述语序。
The earlier yu start, the sner yu’ll be back. 你动身越早，回来就越早。
The lnger she waited, the mre impatient she became. 她越等越不耐烦。
3. 比较级+and+比较级…
“比较级+and+比较级…”结构用于表示事物本身程度的逐渐变化，意为“越来越……”。注意多音节词前边要用mre and mre，
Our cuntry is getting strnger and strnger. 我们的国家正变得越来越强大。
He des his hmewrk mre and mre carefully. 他做作业越来越仔细了。
表示两者之间的比较常用“the +比较级+f the tw”结构。
The strnger f the tw bys is my brther. 这两个男孩中身体结实的那个是我弟弟。
Jack is the mre active f the twins. 这对双胞胎中，Jack是更活跃的那个。
十一、形容词副词最高级用法
1．“the＋最高级＋表示比较范围的短语或从句”，表示三者或三者以上的比较，意为“在……中是最……的”。
The Sahara is the biggest desert in the wrld. 撒哈拉沙漠是世界上最大沙漠。
Andy is cntent with the ty. It is the best ne she has ever gt.
安迪对这个男孩很满意。 这是她得到的最好的人。
2. 比较级与否定句连用，意为“没有比……更……”，表示隐含的最高级。
Mr. Black is very happy because the clthes made in his factry have never been mre ppular.
Hw beautiful she sings! I've never heard a better vice.
考点一：现在分词形容词化
例1．Anther example is Hallween, which slwly becme an __________ (excite) festival fr children.
【答案】exciting
【解析】考查形容词。句意：另一个例子是万圣节，它慢慢地成为孩子们一个激动人心的节日。空处应填形容词作定语，修饰名词festival，festival指物，应用exciting“令人激动的，令人兴奋的”。 故填exciting。
考点二：过去分词形容词化
例2． Dn’t drink________ (pllute) water，because it carries sme disease.
【答案】plluted
【解析】考查形容词。句意：不要喝被污染的水，因为它携带病毒。分析句子可知，句中“water”意为“水”，名词词性，前面应用形容词修饰，pllute意为“污染”，动词词性，对应的形容词为plluted，意为“被污染的”，在句中作定语修饰water。故填：plluted。
考点三：名词派生为形容词
例3．Zheng He is remembered as ne f China’s mst ________ (influence) explrers.
【答案】influential
【解析】考查形容词。句意：郑和被誉为中国最有影响力的探险家之一。分析句子结构，根据ne f 及mst可知设空处考查形容词的最高级，应填形容词。故填influential。
考点四：形容词的反义词
例4．Tm used t be an _________ (cnfidence) by, but he has changed a lt since he learned t make English speeches.
【答案】uncnfident
【解析】考查形容词。句意：汤姆过去是个没有自信的男孩，但自从他学会了做英语演讲后，他改变了很多。根据句意和句子结构，此处表达“不自信的”，形容词修饰后面名词by，作前置定语，uncnfident不自信的，符合题意。故填uncnfident。形容词可以添加un-, in-, im-, il-, ir-, mis-, dis-,等前缀变为反义词。
考点五：形容词派生为副词
例5． ________ (thankful), I managed t get thrugh the game and the pain was wrth it in the end.
【答案】Thankfully
【解析】考查副词。句意：值得庆幸的是，我成功地通关了游戏，最后的痛苦都是值得的。修饰后文整个句子应用副词thankfully，作状语。句首单词首字母要大写。故填Thankfully。
考点六：形容词副词原级as…as…句型
例6．He speaks English well indeed, but f curse nt as _____________(fluency) as a native speaker.
【答案】fluently
【解析】考查形容词副词原级比较的用法。句意：他英语说得相当不错，可当然没有本族语者说得那么流利。as…as…中间用形容词或副词原级即原形；同时，后半句是but f curse desn’t speak as fluently as a native speaker的省略，修饰动词应用副词。故填fluently。
考点七：形容词、副词比较级
例7． Frm the year 2022, teenagers will becme adults at the age f 18, tw years ________(early) than the age at which adulthd currently legally hap-pens.
【答案】earlier
【解析】考查比较级。句意：从2022年开始，青少年将在18岁成为成年人，比目前法定的成年年龄提前两年。根据后面的than可知此处用比较级。故填earlier。
考点八：两者之间比较特殊句式
例8．Of the tw bys，Jim is the ________ (yung) ne，and he is als the ne wh lves t be nisy.
【答案】yunger
【解析】考查形容词比较级。句意：这两个男孩儿中，Jim是较小的一个，他也是最喜欢吵闹的那一个。表示“两者中比较小的”，用比较级。两者之间比较常用“the+比较级+ f the tw …”。故填：yunger。
考点九：高频句型The+比较级…, The+比较级…
例9．Scientists wrry that the ____________ (scared) peple are f sme f this research, the less likely they are t tlerate any f it.
【答案】mre scared
【详解】考查比较级。句意：科学家们担心，人们越是害怕这些研究，他们就越不可能容忍其中的任何内容。此处为the+比较级，the+比较级，表示“越……越……”。故填mre scared。
考点十：形容词最高级用法
例10．Until he passed away in 1961, Mei had been encuraging the spread f Peking Opera fr almst 60 years. This lifelng devtin has made him ne f the ________ (great) Peking Opera artists f all time.
【答案】greatest
【解析】考查形容词的最高级。句意：这一生的奉献使他成为有史以来最伟大的京剧艺术家之一。该空修饰名词artists，应该用形容词的某种形式。根据设空前的 the和后面的“f all time”可知，该空应该用形容词最高级。故填greatest。
第一组（形容词副词用法）
阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1. （2023浙江1月卷）The term “hutng”, (riginal)meaning “water well” in Mnglian, appeared first during the Yuan Dynasty.
2.（2023浙江1月卷）The hutngs they frmed were rderly, lined by (space) hmes and walled gardens.
3.（2022新高考I卷）The GPNP’s main gal is t imprve cnnectivity between separate ppulatins and hmes f giant pandas, and ____________ (eventual)achieve a desired level f ppulatin in the wild.
4.（2022新高考II卷）On the day f the accident, Mrs. Brwn was at wrk and Eric was at hme with his father. They bth fell ____________ (sleep) while watching TV.
5.（2022新高考II卷）When he lked dwn, he ____________ (accidental ) slipped and fell ver the edge.
6.（2022全国甲卷）Ca believes this will make the hiking trip even mre ____________ (meaning). The tw f them cllected mre than 1,000 plastic bttles alng the 40-day jurney.
7.（2022浙江1月卷）On a website called N Fly Climate Sci, fr example, ____________ (rugh) 200 academics - many f them climate scientists have prmised t fly as little as pssible since the effrt started tw years ag.
8.（2022浙江卷）Blind peple recgnize shapes with their ____________ (exist) senses, in a way similar t that f sighted peple, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
9.（2022浙江卷）Blind peple recgnize shapes with their existing senses, in a way similar t that f ____________ (sight )peple, says Ella Striem-Amit, a Harvard scientist.
10.（2021新高考I卷）The ht spring at the ft f the muntain is smething yu must try after the climb. It will ____________ (undubted) help yu get refreshed!
11.（2022新高考I卷）Strange, isn’t it? But that’s hw nature is — always leaving us ____________ (astnish).
12.（2021新高考II卷）I tld him hw ____________ (harm) plastic culd be t the envirnment and asked him t cnsider using mre ec-friendly ptins.
13.（2021新高考II卷）I was s ____________ (excite) when he wrte back t me.He said he wuld make sure that the cmpany cut its use f plastic straws in half.
14.（2021全国甲卷）Suppsedly yu can d it in tw hurs, but we stpped at the different gates and watchtwers t take pictures r just t watch the lcal peple ging abut their ____________ (day) rutines.
15.（2021全国乙卷）·Prvide ____________ (finance) aid and ther benefits fr lcal peples.
16.（2021北京卷）Sam walked her t a nearby cnvenience stre s that she culd ____________ (safe) wait fr the plice t take her hme.
17.（2021浙江1月卷）But 30 years later, the BMI difference between urban and rural peple in many cuntries had narrwed ____________ (sharp).
18.（2021天津卷）As wrking frm hme becmes ____________(increasing) cmmn, peple are finding it easier t cmbine parenthd with a full-time career.
19.（2020新高考卷）In the 18th and 19th centuries, ____________ (wealth) peple travelled and cllected plants, histrical bjects and wrks f art.
20.（2020全国I卷）Landing n the mn’s far side is ____________ (extreme) challenging.
21.（2020全国I卷）Data abut the mn’s cmpsitin, such as hw ____________ice and ther treasures it cntains, culd help China decide whether its plans fr a future lunar (月球的) base are practical.
22.（2020全国II卷）Branches f Plum Blssms (梅花): The ____________ (beauty) lng branches cvered with pink-clred buds (蓓蕾) make fantastic decratins.
23.（2020全国II卷）Bamb: Chinese lve their “Lucky Bamb” plants and yu will see them ften in their hmes and ffice. ____________ (certain) during the hliday perid, this plant is a must.
24.（2020全国III卷）As the small bat mved, ____________ (gentle) alng the river he was left speechless by the muntains being silently reflected in the water.
25.（2020北京卷）Oliver says if yu're____________ (luck) enugh t have smene clse t yu wh enjys cking, ask them if yu can jin in when it's pssible.
26．(2018新课标I卷)Running is cheap, easy and it’s always____________ (energy).
第二组（形容词副词比较等级用法）
阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1.（2023浙江1月卷）Their siheyuan were far smaller in scale and (simple)in design and decratin, and the hutngs were narrwer.
2.（2022全国甲卷）In the last five years, Ca has walked thrugh 34 cuntries in six cntinents, and in 2016, he reached the tp f Kilimanjar, Africa’s ____________ (high) muntain.
3.（2022全国乙卷）As a main prmter f the Internatinal Tea Day, the birthplace f tea and the ____________ (large) tea-prducing cuntry, China has a respnsibility t wrk with ther cuntries t prmte the healthy develpment f the tea industry.
4.（2022北京卷）That’s a big prblem and it is getting even ____________ (bad). The use f thse plastics has increased by 300% since 2019.
5.（2021新高考I卷）The amazing thing abut the spring is that the clder the temperature gets, the ____________ (ht) the spring! Strange, isn’t it?
6.（2021全国甲卷）After spending sme time lking at all the defensive equipment at the wall, we decided it was time fr sme actin and what ____________ (gd) than t ride n a piece f histry!
7.（2021浙江1月卷）This may be due t sme disadvantages fr peple living in the cuntryside, including ____________ (lw) levels f incme and educatin, higher csts f healthy fds, and fewer sprts facilities.
8.（2020全国III卷）One day the emperr wanted t get his prtrait (画像) dne s he called all great artists t cme and present their ____________ (fine) wrk, s that he culd chse the best.
9.（2020北京卷）They were much strnger than mdern humans, but it's lng been assumed that human ancestrs were____________（smart）than the Neanderthals.
第一组（形容词和副词）
阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．________ (absrb) in painting, Jhn didn’t ntice the danger arund him.
2．I think it is ________(sense) t take a taxi hme n a rainy night.
3．He fund a ________ (three-leg) frg n the way hme.
4．Yunnan Prvince is ___________ (definite) ne f the mst diverse prvinces that I have ever been t.
5．Experts say that the plant desn’t need full sun and grws easily if yu water it _________(regular).
6．If yu set an________ (achieve) aim, depending n yur ability, yu will nt feel stressed.
7．Keep a ________ (balance) diet, and yu will lse weight. (所给词的适当形式填空)
8．We’re walking abut villages that are nt easily ________(access).
9．There are plenty f pprtunities fr the ________(create) persn t becme invlved, including wrkshps and events.
10．The authr’s purpse f writing the passage is t prvide guidance n leading a ________(meaning) adult life.
11．Cmfrt fd tastes gd and by building an _______(emtin) bnd with ur happy memries, always makes us feel gd.
12．The mvie was nt a ____________ (cmmerce) success althugh it was highly thught f by the critics.
13．Gd emtins cntributes t gd health, which has been cnfirmed ____________ (scientific).
14．The first bite f durian pizza was smething I dreaded, but in reality, it was _________ (remark) easy and welcming.
15．Only when we realize the imprtance f helping each ther can we be devted t building a ________ (harmny) sciety.
16．The equatr (赤道) is an ________(imagine) line arund the middle f the Earth.
17．Yu can lk thrugh the ________(late) news arund the wrld n yur mbile phne.
18．The kind man gave me a _______(detail) instructins n hw t get there.
19．She’s rather a ________ (trick) custmer t d business with.
20．If yu are ____________ (passin) abut smething, pursue it whatever anyne else thinks.
21．The little girl finally realized her ambitin f becming a____________ (prfessin) singer.
22．____________(basic) speaking, a ntice cnsists f three parts—heading, bdy and signature.
23．Living in the suburbs can be _____________ (cnvenience), but after a while yu will get used t it.
24．The plane has been kept in service far lnger than __________(rigin) planned.
25．Traditinal Chinese medicine is ________ (wide) used in China and gaining glbal ppularity.
第二组（形容词和副词比较等级）
阅读下面句子，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。
1．Scientists wrry that the ____________ (scared) peple are f sme f this research, the less likely they are t tlerate any f it.
2．Online shpping websites and scial media apps have made it much ________ (easy) fr the public t spend mre n gifts fr their lved nes.
3．Mrever, the ________(ld) yu are, the mre likely yu will cme t a reslutin after an argument.
4．This little machine had taken up t much f my time and I culd have dne smething_________(meaningful) than just lking at a tiny screen all day.
5．I like nthing ________(gd) than walking alng the river.
6．Tday pie is ne f the ________(traditinal)American dessert recipes.
7．As is knwn t us, the _______ (dependent) yu are, the better yur life will be.
8．Tu Yuyu encuraged scientists t ________ (far) explre the treasure huse f traditinal Chinese medicine and raise it t a higher level.
9．Things are nt s bad as they seem. There is always smene ____________________ (badly) ff than yu.
10．Yu need a ________ (practice) apprach t handling this prblem than this ne.
11．In cnclusin, we shuld be aware that nthing is _______(valuable) than the harmnius develpment f human and nature.
12．Of all the stars, the sun is the ________ (clse) t the earth.
13．We will have a ________(far) discussin befre we draw a final cnclusin.
14．He was ne f the mst ________(influence) painters in this perid.
15．Nthing is ________(happy) than having a cld drink in a ht day.
16．The peple wh drank this water were much ____ (likely) t get chlera than thse wh drank pure r biled water.
17．Cnfucius, wh was ne f the __________(great) philsphers in ancient China, stressed the imprtance f kindness，duty and rder in sciety.
18．When I get back hme, there is nthing __________(satisfying) than a big meat dinner.
19．Effective measures shuld be taken immediately. Mre ________(precise), the gvernment shuld cut the city ff frm all utside cntact at nce.
20．Actins speak ________ (lud) than wrds. T cmpliment Huan Huan’s mther’s fd, I ate mre f it.
21．Last but nt _________(little ),always lk n the bright side and never lse hpe.
22．The ________ (careful) yu listen t the tape, the ________(easy) yu will find it t understand.
23．Frm the year 2022, teenagers will becme adults at the age f 18, tw years ________(early) than the age at which adulthd currently legally hap-pens.
24．The yung lady was ________ (well) knwn as an excellent dancer in China than as an actress.
25．---The weather is really changeable.----I can’t agree________ (much).
构成法
原级
比较级
最高级
单音节词末一般直接加­er和­est
great
greater
greatest
单音节词以­e结尾，只加­r和­st
brave
wide
braver
wider
bravest
widest
闭音节单音节词如末尾只有一个辅音字母，需先双写这个辅音字母，再加­er和­est
big
ht
bigger
htter
biggest
httest
以辅音字母加­y结尾的词，先变­y为­i，再加­er和­est
happy
happier
happiest
多音节词和少数双音节词在前面加mre和mst
difficult
expensive
mre difficult
mre
expensive
mst difficult
mst
expensive
少数以­er，­w结尾的双音节词，加­er和­est
clever
cleverer
cleverest
原级
比较级
最高级
gd, well
better
best
bad, ill
wrse
wrst
many, much
mre
mst
little
less
least
far
farther/further
farthest/furthest
ld
lder/elder
ldest/eldest