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2023年新高三英语【暑假自学课】（课标全国卷）
第15讲 完形填空夹叙夹议文（20空） 解析版


1. 掌握完形填空夹叙夹议文文体特点。
2. 掌握完形填空夹叙夹议文解题策略。
3. 掌握完形填空夹叙夹议文解题技巧。


一、完形填空夹叙夹议文思维导图


二、完形填空夹叙夹议文解题策略
解题要领
内容解读
分析结构，抓住作者的观点
借助文章结构，即事例→观点，观点→事例，观点→事例→观点，体会记叙和议论的关系，抓住作者的观点，明确文章的组织方式。看文章属于上述哪种结构，从而明白作者的写作思路。
重视首句，把握文章主题
首句往往是文章的关键句、引题句或主题句。通过首句可以初步判断文章的写作中心，为全面理解文章打开一扇“窗户”。
叙议兼顾，理解议论内涵
夹叙夹议文中叙与议是一个有机的整体，叙是议的基础，而议是叙的升华。在读这类文章时，掌握议论部分的内容是关键，因为叙述是为作者的议论而服务的。所以只有把故事和哲理联系起来，再结合对人物心理和行为的描述，全面把握文章才能正确解题。
抓住转换，理清逻辑关系
抓住记叙与议论的转换，及时调整思维方式，理清上下文之间的逻辑关系，在充分把握语境的基础上，辨析词语，进一步把握作者的观点、态度，找到正确答案。

考点一：据搭配，知答案
完形填空中，有时会涉及短语，以动词短语为主，偶见介词短语等。解题时，可以通过仔细观察和回忆所学知识，进行有效推断，选择正确答案。
例1．(2020·江苏)Being good at something and having a passion for it are not enough.Success 36 fundamentally on our view of ourselves and of the 37.events in our lives.
36.A.depends B.holds C.keeps D.reflects
【答案】A
【解析】上文提到仅仅擅长某件事并有激情是不够的，由此可知此处意为“成功从根本上取决于(depend on)我们对自己和对生活中所发生事件的看法”。
考点二：重平行，觅逻辑
文章中的意群总是通过一定的逻辑关系连在一起，特别是并列平行的结构。这些结构要么通过标点符号体现，要么通过并列连词连接。一般来说，这些平行结构所表达的语境是一致的，考生解题时要特别注意这一点。
例2．(2020·全国Ⅰ)One day they’ll 47 and discover that everything they’ve always known about windows is a 48.lie.
47.A.win out B.give up C.wake up D.stand out
【答案】C
【解析】根据空格后的discover可知，此处表示总有一天孩子们会醒悟过来(wake up)。win out终于成功；give up放弃；stand out突出，显眼。
考点三：破难句，解句意
完形填空的文章中会出现一些长句或难句，而它们往往会影响一些答案的选择。这时就要在理解上下文逻辑关系的基础上有针对性地对句子结构、句子特点进行分析，准确理解句意，明确所填选项在句中的语法功能，从而做出正确判断。
例3．(2020·全国Ⅱ)As he often did，he stopped by the “after work auction(拍卖)” 43 by the Italian police where things 44.found on the trains were sold to the highest bidder.
43.A.attended B.reserved C.cancelled D.run
【答案】D
【解析】根据上文中的auction“拍卖”和下文中的“by the Italian police”可知，此处表示由意大利警方管理(run)的“下班后拍卖会”。attend出席，参加；reserve预订，留出；cancel取消，废除。
考点四：巧排除，降难度
在掌握文章大意和细节的前提下，考生可以通过试填试题中的选项选出最吻合语境、最衔接语义的选项，这种解题方法被称为“排除错项”。
例4．(2020·浙江)I ran desperately but failed to 45 .It crashed through a wooden fence and disappeared.
45.A.take off B.catch up C.hold back D.get out
【答案】B
【解析】根据上文的ran desperately和下文的拖拉机冲过一个木栅栏然后就不见了可知，作者没能追上(catch up)它。take off起飞；hold back忍住；get out出去。
考点五：由熟词，知生义
一词多义和熟词生义是近几年高考不断出现的词汇活用现象。备考时应注意单词本义以及根据词根推断单词生僻意义。
例5．(2018·全国Ⅲ)Teresa 56.posted a photo of the chance meeting on a social networking website 57 by the touching words：“What a 58.blessing this young man was to our family！He was so 59 and kind to do this.”
57. A.confirmed B.simplified C.clarified D.accompanied
59. A.smart B.calm C.sweet D.fair
【答案】57. D。
【解析】特雷莎把照片发到了网上，并且配上(accompany)了感人的话语。confirm确认；simplify使简化；clarify澄清。
【答案】59.C。
【解析】 smart聪明的，精明的；calm冷静的；sweet甜的，友好的；fair公平的。根据语境可知，四个选项中与kind并列的是sweet。句意为：他做这件事真是太友好和善良了。
考点六：词汇复现溯根源
词汇复现指的是某一个词以原词、近义词、同根词、反义词、上义词、下义词(如rose是flower的下义词，flower是rose的上义词)或其他形式重复出现在语篇中。词汇复现是语篇衔接的一个重要手段。值得注意的是：词汇复现作为一种命题风格，近年来越来越受命题者的青睐。我们解答完形填空时，要留心选项中是否有与上下文中的词汇相对应的词，利用词汇复现解题。
例6．原词复现——在上下文中同一词汇重复出现
一个单词在一个语义场中以同样的词形反复出现，有时兼有词形变化。如：上文中出现了transport与下文中的transportation可以看成是原词复现
(2020·全国Ⅰ)I hate lying to the kids.One day they’ll wake up and discover that everything they’ve always known about windows is a 48 .
I wonder if 49.parents should always tell the truth no matter the 50.consequences.I have a very strong 51.fear that the lie we’re telling is doing...
48.A.dream B.lie C.fantasy D.fact
【答案】B
【解析】根据本段第一句中的lying以及下一段第二句中的the lie可知，此处应填lie(谎言)。
例7．同根词复现——词形变化的词汇复现
(2019·全国Ⅱ)A local farmer told them the dog sounded like one 50 as lost in the local paper.The ad had a 51.phone number for a town in southern Michigan.Ehlers 52.called the number of Jeff and Lisa to tell them he had 53.found their dog.
50.A.predicted B.advertised C.believed D.recorded
【答案】B
【解析】由下一句中的ad可知，此处应选B。advertise登广告。
例8．同/近义词复现——意思相同、相近的表达方式，或者解释性的词汇复现
(2020·全国Ⅱ)It was signed(签名) “Bonnato” or so he thought，but when he 51.researched it，he only found “Bonnard，” a French 52 he had never heard of.He bought a book and was 53.surprised to find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair in the same 54.garden as his father’s painting.
52.A.painter B.designer C.author D.actor
【答案】A
【解析】由上文中的Bonnard以及下文中的“find a picture of the artist Pierre Bonnard sitting on the same chair”可知，此处表示一位法国画家(painter)。artist与painter是近义词。designer设计师；author作家；actor演员。
例9．反义词复现——意思相反或对比性解释的词汇复现
(2019·全国Ⅱ)Ehlers eventually succeeded in coaxing the animal to him. Nervousness and fear were replaced with 49 .It just started licking(舔) Ehlers’ face.
49.A.surprise B.joy C.hesitation D.anxiety
【答案】B
【解析】根据空后内容可知，此处指小狗的紧张和害怕被高兴(joy)所取代了。
考点七：逻辑关系解疑难
完形填空中主要考查七大逻辑关系：对立关系、并列和递进关系、目的和因果关系、条件关系、时间关系、层次和顺序关系、例证关系。
例10．并列和递进关系
并列和递进关系常用的标志词和短语有：and，or，neither...nor...，not only...but (also)...，similarly等。
(2019·北京)The students who he’s 15.driven have gone on to become physicians，teachers and engineers，but what they’ve also got out of their time in school is finding a role model and a friend in Wilson.Some students 16 call him “Grandpa”.
16.A.even B.ever C.once D.already
【答案】A
【解析】根据语境，此处表示这些大学生视威尔逊为楷模和朋友，甚至(even)亲切地叫他“爷爷”。

【2022▪天津卷】When I was in sixth grade, I joined the band program to learn to play the clarinet (单簧管). The beginning of the year had gone ____16____. But as most students progressed, I seemed to fall behind. One day, when my teacher told us to play in front of the other students, I was filled with fear. I knew I would ____17____. When I began to play, my rhythms (节奏) were good, but my tone was another ____18____. “Did you practice your lesson?” the teacher barked at me. I felt so ____19____ and my world came ____20____ down in an instant.
From then on, I hated playing the clarinet and I kept getting ____21____. With the day of the new performance approaching, I grew increasingly upset. In a moment of ____22____, I asked for sick leave. It was so relieving and such a(n) ____23____ way out.
The avoidance of my lessons continued until my mum asked me about it. “I want to quit.” My tears started ____24____. “If you really want to quit, why are you crying?” asked mum. She _____25_____ and I realized I wanted to stay in band and, by not facing my fears, I had created a black hole that would be difficult to _____26_____ out of. I made a _____27_____ not to hide from my fears and to stand up to even the worst of them, so a _____28_____ could be achieved.
The next day I met with my band teacher and told her I was having a problem and couldn’t _____29_____ why. She asked me gently to play for her. I tried, but only an unpleasant sound came out. She didn’t _____30_____ at me and handed me a new reed (簧片). I put it in place and tried again. To my great _____31_____ I could play well. My problem was solved and my fear was _____32_____ a lot that year.
_____33_____ I’m glad that I overcame my fear. Fear can _____34_____ everything in a person’s life. Hiding from those very fears only creates a hole, which makes a person stay _____35_____ inside. After facing up to a fear, one may find life easier and much more enjoyable.
16. A. badly B. endlessly C. randomly D. smoothly
17. A. mess up B. move on C. set out D. take off
18. A. impression B. essay C. story D. factor
19. A. ashamed B. starved C. excited D. relaxed
20. A. crashing B. moving C. selling D. bending
21. A. stricter B. worse C. happier D. smarter
22. A. joy B. panic C. doubt D. sympathy
23. A. funny B. important C. easy D. traditional
24. A. drying B. disappearing C. flowing D. separating
25. A. had a point B. made a change C. reached a level D. took a break
26. A. send B. bring C. pick D. climb
27. A. request B. resolution C. presentation D. proposal
28. A. balance B. degree C. position D. solution
29. A. figure out B. give away C. think over D. make up
30. A. aim B. smile C. wave D. shout
31. A. anger B. sorrow C. disappointment D. surprise
32. A. felt B. shown C. removed D. voiced
33. A. Carrying on B. Looking back C. Stepping aside D. Turning around
34. A. consume B. examine C. reflect D. rescue
35. A. unknown B. unpunished C. interested D. trapped
【答案】16. D17. A18. C19. A20. A21. B22. B23. C24. C25. A26. D27. B28. D29. A30. D31. D32. C33. B34. A35. D
【解析】
【导语】这是一篇记叙文。文章讲述了作者因为自己单簧管演奏得不好，感到很沮丧，决定逃避，在妈妈的启发下，作者决定面对恐惧，找到老师寻求帮助，最终解决了问题，也战胜了自己的恐惧。
【16题详解】考查副词词义辨析。句意：年初进展顺利。A. badly严重地；B. endlessly无穷地；C. randomly随机地；D. smoothly顺利地。根据下文“But as most students progressed, I seemed to fall behind.”可知，上下文为转折关系，年初进展顺利，但随着大多数学生的进步，我似乎落后了。故选D项。
【17题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我知道我会搞砸的。A. mess up搞砸；B. move on继续前进；C. set out动身，出发；D. take off起飞。根据上文“I seemed to fall behind”可知，我似乎落后于其他同学，由此可知，我认为自己演奏的不好，会搞砸的。故选A项。
【18题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：当我开始演奏时，我的节奏很好，但我的音调是另一回事。A. impression印象；B. essay散文；C. story故事，情节；D. factor因素。根据上文“I seemed to fall behind”可知，我演奏的不好，虽然节奏很好，但演奏不在调上，音调是另一回事，“my tone was another story”用来描述演奏不在调上。故选C项。
【19题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我感到很羞愧，我的世界瞬间崩溃了。A. ashamed羞愧的；B. starved饥饿的；C. excited兴奋的；D. relaxed放松的。根据上文“Did you practice your lesson?”可知，老师质疑我的演奏，怀疑我没有练习，由此可知，我为此感到羞愧。故选A项。
【20题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：我感到很羞愧，我的世界瞬间崩溃了。A. crashing崩溃；B. moving移动；C. selling出售；D. bending弯曲。根据上文“Did you practice your lesson?”可知，老师质疑我的演奏，怀疑我没有练习，由此可知，我感到很羞愧，感觉世界瞬间崩溃了。故选A项。
【21题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从那时起，我讨厌吹单簧管，而且越来越糟糕。A. stricter更严格的；B. worse更糟的；C. happier更快乐的；D. smarter更聪明的。根据下文“I grew increasingly upset”可知，我感到越来越沮丧，由此可知，我的状态越来越糟糕。故选B项。
【22题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：在一阵恐慌中，我请了病假。A. joy喜悦；B. panic恐慌；C. doubt疑惑；D. sympathy同情。根据上文“I hated playing the clarinet”和“With the day of the new performance approaching, I grew increasingly upset.”可知，我讨厌吹单簧管，我感到越来越沮丧，由此可知，因为对即将到来的表演感到恐慌，所以我请了病假。故选B项。
【23题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这是一种解脱和容易的方式。A. funny有趣的；B. important重要的；C. easy容易的；D. traditional传统的。根据上文“I hated playing the clarinet”可知，我讨厌吹单簧管，由此可知，我请了病假，这是一种让我解脱的容易的方式，我可以不再面对单簧管表演。故选C项。
【24题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：“我想退出。”我的眼泪开始流下来。A. drying使变干；B. disappearing消失；C. flowing流动；D. separating使分开。根据下文“why are you crying”可知，我哭了，由此可知，我的眼泪流了下来。故选C项。
【25题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：她说得很有道理，我意识到我想留在乐队里，因为没有面对我的恐惧，我创造了一个很难爬出来的黑洞。A. had a point有道理；B. made a change做出改变；C. reached a level达到一定水平；D. took a break休息一下。根据句中“I realized I wanted to stay in band and”可知，我意识到我想留在乐队里，由此可知，我认为妈妈的话“If you really want to quit, why are you crying?(如果你真的想退出，为什么要哭？)”说得很有道理，如果我真想退出，就不会哭。故选A项。
【26题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她说得很有道理，我意识到我想留在乐队里，因为没有面对我的恐惧，我创造了一个很难爬出来的黑洞。A. send发送；B. bring带来；C. pick挑选；D. climb爬。根据句中“created a black hole”可知，我无法面对我的恐惧，就像给自己创造了一个黑洞，很难爬出来。故选D项。
【27题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我下定决心，不躲避自己的恐惧，即使是最糟糕的恐惧，我也要与之对抗，这样才能找到解决办法。A. request请求；B. resolution正式决定，决心；C. presentation演示；D. proposal提议。根据句中“stand up to even the worst of them”可知，我决定与恐惧对抗，由此可知，我下定决心，不躲避自己的恐惧。故选B项。
【28题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：我下定决心，不躲避自己的恐惧，即使是最糟糕的恐惧，我也要与之对抗，这样才能找到解决办法。A. balance平衡；B. degree程度，度数；C. position位置；D. solution解决办法。根据句中“stand up to even the worst of them”可知，我决定与恐惧对抗，是为了找到解决问题的办法。故选D项。
【29题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：第二天，我见到了我的乐队老师，告诉她我有一个问题，不理解为什么会这样。A. figure out理解，想出；B. give away赠送；C. think over仔细考虑；D. make up编造。根据句中“The next day I met with my band teacher and told her I was having a problem”可知，我把问题告诉老师，由此可知，我不理解为什么会这样，所以才请教老师。故选A项。
【30题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：她没有冲我大喊大叫，递给我一个新簧片。A. aim目的是；B. smile微笑；C. wave挥手；D. shout喊叫。根据句中“She asked me gently to play for her.”可知，老师温柔地让我为她演奏，由此可知，她愿意帮助我解决问题，得知我的问题后，没有冲我大喊大叫。故选D项。
【31题详解】考查名词词义辨析。句意：令我非常惊讶的是，我能演奏得很好。A. anger愤怒；B. sorrow悲伤；C. disappointment失望；D. surprise惊讶。根据句中“I could play well”可知，我之前一直演奏不好，突然能演奏得很好，这令我感到惊讶。故选D项。
【32题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：那一年，我的问题解决了，我的恐惧消除了很多。A. felt感觉到；B. shown展示；C. removed去除，使消失；D. voiced表达，吐露。根据句中“My problem was solved”可知，我的问题解决了，由此可知，我的恐惧消除了很多，不再那么害怕演奏了。故选C项。
【33题详解】考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：回首往事，我很高兴我克服了恐惧。A. Carrying on继续；B. Looking back回顾，回首往事；C. Stepping aside下台，让位；D. Turning around转身，调转方向。根据句中“I overcame my fear”可知，我克服了恐惧是发生在过去的事，由此可知，句中指回首往事，我很高兴我克服了恐惧。故选B项。
【34题详解】考查动词词义辨析。句意：恐惧会消耗一个人生活中的一切。A. consume消耗；B. examine检查；C. reflect反映；D. rescue营救。根据上文“by not facing my fears, I had created a black hole that would be difficult to _____ out of”可知，因为没有面对我的恐惧，我陷入困境，无法面对生活，由此可知，恐惧会消耗一个人生活中的一切。故选A项。
【35题详解】考查形容词词义辨析。句意：躲避这些恐惧只会造成一个洞，让人困在里面。A. unknown未知的；B. unpunished未受惩罚的；C. interested感兴趣的；D. trapped受困的。根据上文“by not facing my fears, I had created a black hole that would be difficult to _____ out of”可知，因为没有面对我的恐惧，我创造了一个很难爬出来的黑洞，由此可知，躲避恐惧只会造成一个洞，人被困在里面。故选D项。
【2021▪全国乙卷】Simply saying thank you doesn't seem enough in certain situations. I was considering this while working as a 41 just a few weeks ago. And it came to me then how much easier it would be if we had a range of words that express different 42 of gratitude(感谢).
My thoughts were soon 43 . We had a woman patient who was 44 from a knee replacement operation. One afternoon, while 45 to get into bed she collapsed(倒下) from what was 46 discovered to be a heart attack. The collapse was disastrous, 47 the emergency medical team and good teamwork. But she recovered, though 48 , and was ready for discharge(出院)after four weeks.
She was 49 for everything that the medical and nursing team had done for her. On her day of discharge, we shared in her 50 at her recovery. As she was 51 she was eager to say 52 to each of us in the nursing team. When she 53 one nurse, she tried to press a five-pound note into her hand. My colleague 54 to accept it, saying that we were all just 55 our job. The patient looked puzzled, and then 56 :“Oh this isn't for the 57 I had. I take that as a 58 . No, this is for setting my hair yesterday.”
And there you have it. To many people, 59 lives is part of the job but styling hair is an 60 and should be rewarded.
41. A. cleaner B. chemist C. nurse D. doctor
42. A. grades B. meanings C. needs D. expectations
43. A. brushed aside B. put to the test C. brought under discussion D. taken into account
44. A. departing B. escaping C. retiring D. recovering
45. A. attempting B. choosing C. pausing D. promising
46. A. eventually B. fortunately C. casually D. secretly
47. A. assessing B. requiring C. forming D. proving
48. A. slightly B. accidentally C. slowly D. happily
49. A. grateful B. thoughtful C. sorrowful D. fearful
50. A. surprise B. delight C. curiosity D. disappointment
51. A. operating B. thinking C. hesitating D. leaving
52. A. sorry B. hello C. goodbye D. yes
53. A. reached B. consulted C. introduced D. persuaded
54. A. wished B. pretended C. failed D. refused
55. A. enjoying B. doing C. securing D. starting
56. A. repeated B. recited C. replied D. reported
57. A. courage B. patience C. duty D. care
58. A. goal B. given C. push D. greeting
59. A. risking B. changing C. saving D. building
60. A. honour B. ability C. opening D. extra
【答案】41-45 CABDA 46-50 ABCAB 51-55 DCADB 56-60 CDBCD
【导读】这是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。文章通过作者做护士期间遇到的一个女病人为例，表达了我们应该对别人的付出表示真诚的感谢，即使他们只是做了自己分内的事。
41. C。句意：几周前我在做护士的时候就在考虑这个问题。A. cleaner清洁工；B. chemist化学家，药剂师；C. nurse护士；D. doctor医生。根据下文的“as she was 11 she was eager to say 12 to each of us in the nursing team.”可知，当时作者是一名护士。
42. A。句意：我突然想到，如果我们有一系列表达不同程度感激之情的词语，那会容易得多。A. grades分数，级别，程度；B. meanings意思；C. needs需求；D. expectations期待。根据上文的“simply saying thank you doesn’t seem enough in certain situations”可知，作者认为如果有表达不同程度感谢的词，那么感谢就容易得多了。
43. B。句意：我的想法很快就进行了测验。A. brushed aside撇开；B. put to the test经受考验，接受……的考验；C. brought under discussion在讨论中；D. taken into account考虑。结合下文讲述女病人对护士们的所为，可知作者的想法立即接受了测验。
44. D。句意：我们有一个病人膝盖置换手术后正在康复。A. departing出发，离开；B. escaping逃跑；C. retiring退休；D. recovering恢复。结合下文提到手术和病人从床上摔下来可知，病人正在恢复中。
45. A。句意：一天下午，当她试图上床睡觉时，她因心脏病而摔倒了。A. attempting试图，尝试；B. choosing选择；C. pausing暂停；D. promising承诺。结合上文提到这是个膝盖有伤的病人，可推知她尝试着自己上床。
46. A。句意：一天下午，当她试图上床睡觉时，她因心脏病而摔倒了。A. eventually最后；B. fortunately幸运地；C. casually随意地；D. secretly秘密地。结合上文病人是因为膝盖置换手术而住院，由此可知，此处是指最终发现摔倒是因为心脏病。
47. B。句意：这次摔倒是灾难性的，需要紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。A. assessing评估；B. requiring需要；C. forming形成；D. proving证明。根据“the collapse was disastrous”可知，要想把病人治好需要紧急医疗队和良好的团队合作。
48. C。句意：虽然很慢，但她恢复了，四周后就可以出院了。A. slightly轻微地；B. accidently意外地；C. slowly缓慢地；D. happily幸福地。根据上文的“the collapse was disastrous”可知，要从灾难性的病痛中恢复一定很慢。
49. A。句意：她对医疗及护士团队为她所作的一切都非常感激。A. grateful感激的；B. thoughtful体贴的；C. sorrowful伤心的，悲伤的；D. fearful恐惧的。结合下文女病人离开前和大家一一道别，推知她对大家的付出表示感激。
50. B。句意：在她出院那天，我们分享了她康复的喜悦。A. surprise惊喜；B. delight喜悦；C. curiosity好奇心；D. disappointment失望。根据下文的“her recovery”可知，此处是指分享她康复的喜悦。
51. D。句意：当她要离开时，她急切地想和我们护理队的每一个人说再见。A. operating手术；B. thinking思考；C. hesitating犹豫；D. leaving离开。根据上文的“on her day of discharge”可知，女病人要出院了，所以此处是指当她即将离开医院时。
52. C。句意：当她要离开时，她急切地想和我们护理队的每一个人说再见。A. sorry抱歉；B. hello你好；C. goodbye再见；D. yes同意。根据上文的“on her day of discharge”可知，女病人要出院了，由此推知她对护理团队的人告别，say goodbye to sb.“和某人告别”符合语境。
53. A。句意：当她走到一个护士身边时，她试图塞一张五英镑的钞票在她手里。A. reached到达；B. consulted咨询；C. introduced介绍；D. persuaded说服。结合上文提到女病人出院时要和护士们一一道别可知，此处是指她走到一个护士的身边，用“reach”符合语境。
54. D。句意：我的同事拒绝接受，说我们只是做了自己的工作而已。A. wished希望；B. pretended假装；C. failed失败；D. refused拒绝。结合常识和下文的“we were all just 13 our job”可知，作者的同事拒绝收下女士给的钱。
55. B。句意：我的同事拒绝接受，说我们只是做了自己的工作而已。A. enjoying享受；B. doing做；C. securing获得，保护；D. starting开始。根据上文提到作者的同事拒绝收下钱可推知，她认为照顾病人只是做了自己应该做的事情而已。
56. C。句意：这个病人开起来很困惑，然后回复到：“噢，这不是因为我接受的照顾。我认为它是应该的。不，这是昨天给我做头发的。”A. repeated重复；B. recited背诵；C. replied回答，回应；D. reported报道。结合上文作者同事说照顾女士是自己的工作，不应该得到额外的礼物可知，此处是女病人对同事说的话的回应。
57. D。句意：这个病人开起来很困惑，然后回复到：“噢，这不是因为我接受的照顾。我认为它是应该的。不，这是昨天给我做头发的。”A. courage勇气；B. patience耐心；C. duty职责；D. care照顾。根据下文的“No, this is for setting my hair yesterday”可知，女病人并不是因为护士的照顾才给的五英镑。
58. B。句意：这个病人开起来很困惑，然后回复到：“噢，这不是因为我接受的照顾。我认为它是应该的。不，这是昨天给我做头发的。”A. goal目标；B. given该给的东西；C. push推力；D. greeting招呼。根据上文的“No, this is for setting my hair yesterday”推知，女病人认为她得到的照顾是护士们应该给她的（东西）。
59. C。句意：对许多人来说，拯救生命是工作的一部分，但发型是额外的，应该得到奖励。A. risking冒险；B. changing改变；C. saving拯救，挽救；D. building建设。根据上文内容可知，医生和护理团队拯救了女病人的生命可知，此处指很多人认为拯救生命是医生和护士工作的一部分。
60. D。句意：对许多人来说，拯救生命是工作的一部分，但做发型是额外的事情，应该得到奖励。A. honour荣誉；B. ability能力；C. opening开口处；D. extra额外的东西。根据下文的“To many people， 59 lives is part of the job”和“but”可知，此处指做发型是本职工作以外的事情，即额外做的事情，应该得到奖励。
【2021▪全国乙卷】Last year I decided to do some volunteer work. I began to____16____on the Internet and discovered Volunteer USA. Three months later I____17____myself on a plane to Phoenix, Arizona. I was ____18____ at the thought of living with loads of new people for three months. However, within fifteen minutes of ____19____, my worries had gone. Everyone was so____20____and like-minded that it was very____21____to feel at home.
I was sent to the Coronado National Forest for my first 8-day____22____. We had to____23____everything we needed and walk three miles to where we worked. It may not seem like a____24____way but in 35℃ heat and with a heavy pack, my legs were on fire.
My job was to____25____a stairway out of rock. This____26____climbing up and down the side of a mountain inhabited (栖息) by mountain lions, although I should say they were only heard,never____27____.
Three days later, a beautiful stairway came into being. The____28____of knowing that my____29____will be on that mountainside for years to come is massive.
But on the last night we were____30____in a thunderstorm. I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent. The temperature was close to____31____. I had to spend the rest of the night trembling in the only____32____part of my tent.
____33____, I suffered a lot. But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there and I____34____. I think I am much____35____for having taken part in the project.
16. A. calculate B. negotiate C. advertise D. research
17. A. imagined B. introduced C. enjoyed D. found
18. A. annoyed B. surprised C. scared D. excited
19. A. arriving B. sleeping C. thinking D. walking
20. A. confident B. friendly C. energetic D. curious
21. A. funny B. good C. lucky D. easy
22. A. tour B. project C. campaign D. course
23. A.drop B. make C. carry D. buy
24. A. nice B. safe C. long D. quick
25. A. build B. test C. clean D. guard
26. A. helped B. ended C. allowed D. meant
27. A. hunted B. trained C. seen D. fed
28. A. satisfaction B. ambition C. expectation D. intention
29. A. work B. memory C. record D. story
30. A. left B. caught C. attacked D. separated
31. A. boiling B. average C. normal D. freezing
32. A. tidy B. dry C. new D. soft
33. A. By the way B. Regardless of that C. Needless to say D. In either case
34. A. survived B. resisted C. escaped D. recovered
35. A. smarter B. stronger C. happier D. busier
【答案】16. D 17. D 18. C 19. A 20. B 21. D 22. B 23. C 24. C 25. A 26. D 27. C 28. A 29. A 30. B 31. D 32. B 33. C 34. A 35. B
【解析】
【分析】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章讲述了作者去年通过网上查询信息得到去科罗拉多国家森林当志愿者的机会，虽然期间作者经历了暴雨中帐篷漏水，为狮子上下山而搭建台阶的繁重工作等磨难，仍然感谢这个经历让自己变得更坚强。
【16题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我开始在网上查询并且发现“美国志愿者”。A. calculate计算；B. negotiate协商；C. advertise登广告；D. research研究。根据前文的“Last year I decided to do some volunteer work.”可知，作者在网上研究有哪些可以做志愿者的信息。故选D项。
【17题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：三个月后，我发现自己在飞往亚利桑那州凤凰城的飞机上。A. imagined想象；B. introduced介绍；C. enjoyed喜欢；D. found发现。根据前文的“I began to_1_on the Internet…”可知，作者之前还在网上查阅，三个月后自己就动身了。故选D项。
【18题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一想到我要和一群陌生人一起住三个月，我很害怕。A. annoyed烦恼的；B. surprised惊讶的；C. scared害怕的；D. excited兴奋的。根据后面的“my worries had gone.”可知，我一开始很担忧。故选C项。
【19题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：然而，到达15分钟里我的担忧就消失了。A. arriving到达；B. sleeping睡觉；C. thinking思考；D. walking行走。根据“feel at home”得知到达目的地不久，作者就不担心了。故选A项。
【20题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A. confident自信的；B. friendly友好的；C. energetic活力的；D. curious好奇的。根据后文“and like-minded”可推断，作者感觉大家都很友好。故选B项。
【21题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：每个人都如此友好和志趣相投以至于很容易有宾至如家的感觉。A. funny搞笑的；B. good好的；C. lucky幸运的；D. easy容易的。根据 “that like-minded”和“feel at home”得知大家都很友好并且志趣相投，感觉到家的温暖很容易。故选D项。
【22题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：我被派往科罗拉多国家森林开始头8天的项目。A. tour游览；B. project项目；C. campaign活动；D. course课程。根据下文“for having taken part in the project”可知，这是在说当志愿者的项目，原词复现。故选B项。
【23题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们必须带上需要的东西走到三英里外我们工作的地方。A. drop掉下；B. make制作；C. carry携带；D. buy购买。根据下文“with a heavy pack”可知，作者他们要背负着必需品走。故选C项。
【24题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：可能看起来不远，但是在35度高温下，背着沉重的物品，我的腿像是着了火。A. nice好的；B. safe安全的；C. long长的；D. quick快的。根据前文“walk three miles”可知，作者他们走的路程不远。故选C项。
【25题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的工作是用岩石建一个阶梯。A. build建造；B. test测试；C. clean清洁；D. guard保卫。根据下文“climbing up and down the side of a mountain.”可知，作者在狮子栖息地建一个阶梯供狮子攀爬。故选A项。
【26题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：这意味着狮子能在山上栖息地通过阶梯爬上爬下。A. helped帮助；B. ended结束；C. allowed允许；D. meant意味。根据“climbing up and down”可知，台阶修好了意味着狮子可以爬上爬下。故选D项。
【27题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然我应该说他们只被听说过，从没被亲眼见过。A. hunted捕猎；B. trained训练；C. seen看到；D. fed喂养。根据前文“although I should say they were only heard”可知，作者以前没有见过。故选C项。
【28题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上，我的满足感是巨大的。A. satisfaction满意；B. ambition雄心；C. expectation期待；D. intention意图。根据上文的“a beautiful stairway came into being”可知，我修的台阶成型了，我很满意。故选A项。
【29题详解】
考查名词词义辨析。句意：知道我的作品将会在未来的几年里出现在那片山坡上，我的满足感是巨大的。A. work工作，作品；B. memory回忆；C. record记录；D. story故事。根据上文的“My job was to”“a beautiful stairway came into being”可知，修台阶是我的工作。故选A项。
【30题详解】
考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是在最后一晚，我们被困在雷雨中。A. left离开；B. caught捉住；C. attacked袭击；D. separated分离。根据下文“I woke up at midnight to find a swimming pool in my tent”可知，作者他们被困在雷雨中。故选B项。
【31题详解】
考查形容词短语辨析。句意：温度接近零度。A. boiling煮沸的的；B. average平均的；C. normal正常的；D. freezing冰冻的。根据下文“trembling”得知温度很低。故选D项。
【32题详解】
考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我不得不后半夜在帐篷干的那一块地方发抖。A. tidy干净的；B. dry干的；C. new新的；D. soft软的。根据上文的“thunderstorm”和后文的“part of my tent”可知，帐篷里进了水，作者蜷缩在帐篷干的地方。故选B项。
【33题详解】
考查介词短语词义辨析。句意：不用说我受了很多苦。A. By the way顺便问一下；B. Regardless of that尽管这样；C. Needless to say 不用说；D. In either case在这两种情况下。根据前文给狮子栖息地建造台阶和下雨天帐篷漏水可知，作者当志愿者时受了很多苦。故选C项。
【34题详解】
考查动词辨析。句意：但是我知道不论人生中面对什么，我都在这，我都活了下来。A. survived生存；B. resisted反抗；C. escaped逃离，抓牢；D. recovered恢复。根据上文“But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there.”可知，作者认为再多苦都可以坚持下来，挺过去。故选A项。
【35题详解】
考查形容词比较级词义辨析。句意：我认为因为参加这个项目我更强壮了。A. smarter更聪明的；B. stronger更强壮的；C. happier更快乐的；D. busier更忙碌的。根据前文“But I know whatever I have to face in my life I was there.可知作者感觉经历让他更强壮。故选B项。
【2020▪全国III卷】As s businesswoman, I care deeply about my customers. But like anyone for whom you feel affection, 41 can also drive you mad. They’ll come rushing in, 42 their handbag’s been stolen. They’ll 43 that they left it in the changing room, create havoe (混乱) and then 44 it had been in their car all the time. They’ll have out half the 45 in the shop, and want the only style you don’t have left in a 46 colour. I do know how upset the shop staff can get, but I try to persuade them to keep 47 .
I remember the first really 48 customer we had at Covent Garden. She was. 49 absolutely everything, nothing was right and I was rather 50 that she became a “regular". After a while, she 51 for the way she behaved at the beginning. She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat 52 , and since she’d found it too much to cope with (应对), she’d taken it out on 53 people.
That taught me a valuable 54 and I pass it on to the people who 55 in the market. Don’t take it 56 . If a customer is rude or difficult, just think "Maybe she’s had a row with her husband. Maybe her child’s not 57 .” Always water it down and don’t let your ego (自我) get 58 . If you do, you won’ be able to 59 it and the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that 60 everyone’s day.
41. A. shopkeepers B. customers C. salespersons D. receptionists
42. A. saying B. pretending C. guessing D. replying
43. A. agree B. promise C. imagine D. swear
44. A. forget B. decide C. discover D. assume
45. A. foods B. catalogues C. belongings D. goods
46. A. particular B. different C. matching D. natural
47. A. fighting B. smiling C. waiting D. changing
48. A. generous B. polite C. careless D. difficult
49. A. curious about B. displeased with C. patient with D. uncertain about
50. A. relaxed B. delighted C. surprised D. embarrassed
51. A. searched B. argued C. prayed D. apologized
52. A. by chance B. by herself C. on purpose D. on duty
53. A. rude B. such C. other D. lonely
54. A. lesson B. trick C. skill D. trade
55. A. work B. shop C. meet D. quarrel
56. A. kindly B. secretly C. personally D. casually
57. A. ready B. away C. up D. well
58. A. out of sight B. in the way C. behind the scene D. above the law
59. A. stress B. expect C. handle D. blame
60. A. ruins B. makes C. starts D. saves
41-45 BADCD 46-50 ABDBC 51-55 DBCAA 56-60 CDBCA
【导读】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者是一位生意人，遇到过各种各样让人抓狂的顾客，而有一个难缠的顾客，一开始对每件事都不满意，结果居然成了常客。最后顾客告诉作者，是因为自己和丈夫分居了，于是把气撒到其他人身上，这让作者学到了宝贵的一课，那就是要学会淡化和难缠顾客之间的矛盾，不然当事情发展成不愉快的场面时，结果只会毁了每个人的一天。
41. B。句意：但就像任何一个你喜欢的人一样，顾客也会让你抓狂。 shopkeepers店主； customers顾客； salespersons售货员； receptionist接待员。根据上文I care deeply about my customers可知作者是生意人，因此此处指的是顾客让自己抓狂。
42. A。句意：他们会冲进来，说手提包被偷了。 saying说； pretending假装； guessing猜测； replying回答。结合后文their handbag’s been stolen可知此处是指说的内容应用say。
43. D。句意：他们会发誓说他们把它忘在更衣室里了，搞得一团糟，然后发现它一直在他们的车里。 agree同意； promise承诺； imagine想象； swear发誓。顾客冲进作者的店里，信誓旦旦地说自己的包是忘在了更衣室里。
44. C。句意：他们会发誓说他们把它忘在更衣室里了，搞得一团糟，然后发现它一直在他们的车里。 forget忘记； decide决定； discover发现； assume假设。结合后文it had been in their car all the time可知顾客一开始说包忘在了更衣室，结果最后发现包一直在他们自己的车里。
45. D。句意：他们会试用商店里一半的商品，只想要一种你没有那种特别颜色的存货。 foods食物； catalogues目录； belongings所有物； goods商品。结合后文in the shops可知此处指的是商店里的商品。其它选项不符合语境。
46. A。句意：他们会试用商店里一半的商品，只想要一种你没有那种特别颜色的存货。 particular特别的； different不同的； matching相配的； natural自然的。结合上文the only style you don't have left in a可知顾客试了店里一半的商品，结果想要的只是那种有特别颜色（particular）没有存货的款式。其它选项带入不符合语境。
47. B。句意：我知道店员会有多沮丧，但我努力说服他们保持微笑。 fighting打架； smiling微笑； waiting等待； changing改变。结合上文可知，一些顾客有一些很无厘头的要求和行为，面对这种情况，虽然店员会很沮丧，“但是”一词边是转折，与“沮丧”一词情感色彩相反，结合选项，B项“微笑”符合句意。
48. D。句意：我还记得我们在Covent Garden遇到的第一个难缠的顾客。 generous慷慨的； polite礼貌的； careless粗心的； difficult难缠的，困难的。结合后文nothing was right可知这位顾客对一切都不满，很难缠。
49. B。句意：她对每件事都很不满意，没有什么是对的，令我相当惊讶的是，她居然成了“常客”。 curious about好奇； displeased with对……不满意； patient with对……有耐心； uncertain about对……不能肯定。结合后文nothing was right可知这个顾客对一切都不满意。
50. C。句意：她对每件事都很不满意，没有什么是对的，令我相当惊讶的是，她居然成了“常客”。 relaxed放松的； delighted高兴的； surprised惊讶的； embarrassed尴尬的。结合上下文可知这位顾客对每件事都不满意，但是居然成了“常客”，这让作者感到很惊讶才对。
51. D。句意：不久，她为自己一开始的行为道歉。 searched搜索； argued争论； prayed祈祷； apologized道歉。顾客一开始很难缠，对一切都不满，结果后来成了常客，她开始为自己一开始的行为道歉。apologize for“为某事道歉”。
52. B。句意：她一周前和丈夫分居了，现在一个人住在一套公寓里，因为她觉得实在难以应付，就把气撒在别人身上。 by chance偶然； by herself她独自地； on purpose故意地； on duty值班。结合上文She had split up with her husband the week before, was living in a flat可知女顾客和丈夫分居了，因此现在是独自住在一套公寓里。
53. C。句意：她一周前和丈夫分居了，现在一个人住在一套公寓里，因为她觉得实在难以应付，就把气撒在别人身上。 rude粗鲁的； such这样的； other其他的； lonely寂寞的。结合上文since she'd found it too much to cope with, she'd taken it out on可知她难以应付这样压力，于是决定把气撒在其他人身上。other people“其他人”。
54. A。句意：这给我上了宝贵的一课，我把它传授给了在市场上工作的人。 lesson课程，教训； trick诡计； skill技能； trade贸易。结合后文作者的感悟，可知这件事让作者学到了宝贵的一课。
55. A。句意：这给我上了宝贵的一课，我把它传授给了在市场上工作的人。 work工作； shop购物； meet会面； quarrel争吵。结合后文in the market可知是指在市场上工作的人。
56. C。句意：别太在意。 kindly亲切地； secretly秘密地； personally亲自地； casually随便地。结合后文作者指出不要让自我妨碍了你，要淡化这种情绪可知此处作者想说的是不要太在意这些事。短语take it personally“在意，把这些放在心上”。
57. D。句意：也许她的孩子不太好。 ready迅速地； away离开； up向上； well好地。根据上文Maybe she’s had a row with her husband可知此处列举的是顾客家中有不好的事情发生的情况。
58. B。句意：一定要淡化它，不要让你的自我妨碍你。 out of sight看不见； in the way妨碍，挡道； behind the scene幕后； above the law凌驾于法律之上。上文作者提到不要太在意这些顾客，要淡化这种不好的情绪，不要让自己的自我妨碍了自己。
59. C。句意：如果你这样做了，你将无法处理它，整个事情发展成一个不愉快的场面，毁了每个人的一天。 stress强调； expect期待； handle处理； blame责备。结合本段内容主要是在说明如何处理粗鲁难缠的顾客的问题。
60. A。句意：如果你这样做了，你将无法处理它，整个事情发展成一个不愉快的场面，毁了每个人的一天。 ruins毁灭； makes制作； starts开始； saves拯救。结合上文the whole thing develops into an unpleasant scene and that可知一旦事情发展成不愉快的场面，那么最终只会毁了每一个人的一天。

（2022·河南·高三专题练习）I learned about life from an ant farm. When I was seven years old, my family 1 an ant farm at home. First, we put clean sand in a thin glass box, and then we brought some ants from the backyard and placed them into the 2 home.
Shortly after the new 3 were dropped into the glass structure, they got to work making tunnels. I was amazed that each one knew 4 what to do. After hours of staring, I realized that the ants had particular given jobs. With my mom’s help, I kept a journal of what happened each day and 5 the ants. My favorite was the biggest, Cinderella. I drew a picture of her in my journal, which I still have.
On day five a disaster 6 the ant farm. While I was observing the ants, I had put my face so close to the structure that I accidentally 7 it over. Unfortunately, my carelessness caused all the tunnels to 8 . Although the ants 9 their earthquake, one by one they began to die. I was 10 as I watched them give up their tunnel-building to carry the bodies to a corner of the farm. My mother explained that the ants were actually dying of “frustration”—feeling annoyed and disappointed as they couldn’t control the situation.They simply could not 11 the reality that their tunnels had been destroyed. Cinderella was the last to die; she did so while carrying a dead ant on her back.
Although much time has passed, I still think of that ant farm. Mom had hoped it would teach me about the natural world, 12 it taught me much more. 13 the years, I came to realize the ants were a study in the benefits of 14 . Working together, they were able to create a(n) 15 world for themselves. I also learned that they should be 16 for their hard work. Day in and day out, each labored at their task. The ant farm demonstrated that teamwork and perseverance are indeed two key 17 for success. But there was an even larger lesson that I did not 18 until recently: Disaster is a natural part of life, and must be 19 . Unlike the ants, humans cannot give up when they face 20 . Unlike the ants, we have to realize that if a tunnel comes down, we just have to build another.
1．A．created B．bought C．ran D．laid
2．A．empty B．new C．strange D．distant
3．A．guests B．settlers C．friends D．members
4．A．probably B．roughly C．exactly D．normally
5．A．named B．trained C．compared D．measured
6．A．affected B．struck C．kicked D．beat
7．A．split B．took C．tipped D．handed
8．A．rush out B．break in C．drop out D．falldown
9．A．experienced B．predicted C．faced D．survived
10．A．annoyed B．astonished C．moved D．thrilled
11．A．reflect B．ignore C．confirm D．stand
12．A．and B．but C．so D．or
13．A．In B．For C．From D．Over
14．A．teamwork B．devotion C．responsibility D．organization
15．A．relaxing B．amusing C．moving D．amazing
16．A．supported B．inspired C．admired D．admitted
17．A．solutions B．approaches C．recipes D．circumstances
18．A．give B．realize C．take D．adopt
19．A．accepted B．suffered C．escaped D．managed
20．A．challenges B．barriers C．pressure D．disappointment
【答案】1．A 2．B 3．B 4．C 5．A 6．B 7．C 8．D 9．D 10．B 11．D 12．B 13．D 14．A 15．D 16．C 17．C 18．B 19．A 20．D
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议的文章。作者通过蚂蚁农场，感悟到了生活的哲理：生活中要注重团队合作和坚持不懈，当然面对灾难，面对失望时，我们也要意识到：一条通道坍塌了，我们可以建造另外一条。
1．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我七岁时，我们家在家里创建了个蚂蚁农场。A. created创造；B. bought购买；C. ran奔跑；D. laid放置。根据下文，我们是在自家DIY了一个蚂蚁农场，create创建，创造，符合题意。故选A项。
2．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我们先在一个玻璃盒子里铺了些干净的沙子，然后从后院弄来一些蚂蚁，把它们安置在新家里。A. empty空的；B. new新的；C. strange奇怪的；D. distant疏远的。蚂蚁们原本在后院，我们把它们移到我们给他们造的盒子里，这是他们的新家。故选B项。
3．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在这些新的定居者被放到玻璃房子里之后不久，它们就开始建隧道。A. guests客人；B. settlers移民，定居者；C. friends朋友；D. members成员。蚂蚁是从后院搬到这个玻璃房子的，它们是这个玻璃房子的新的定居者。settler意为定居者，符合题意。故选B项。
4．考查副词词义辨析。句意：我很惊讶：每只蚂蚁都准确地知道自己该做什么。A. probably大概，也许；B. roughly粗略地；C. exactly精确地，准确地；D. normally正常地。根据上文“they got to work making tunnels”可知，蚂蚁搭建隧道有条不紊，每只蚂蚁都精确而准确地知道各自的任务。故选C项。
5．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在妈妈的帮助下，我将每天发生的事写在日记上，并且给这些蚂蚁取名字。A. named命名；B. trained培训；C. compared比较；D. measured测量。根据下文“My favorite was the biggest, Cinderella”，我最喜欢的蚂蚁叫Cinderella,可知作者是在给蚂蚁们取名字。故选A项。
6．考查动词词义辨析。句意：一天，悲剧发生了。A. affected影响；B. struck（疾病，灾难等的）侵袭，爆发；C. kicked踢；D. beat击败。根据下文“While I was observing the ants, I had put my face so close to the structure that I accidentally _____it over. ”一天，一场悲剧发生了，strike意为（疾病，灾难等的）侵袭，爆发，符合题意。故选B项。
7．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我在观察蚂蚁的时候，我的脸靠得太近，无意中把这个玻璃房子弄倾斜了。A. split分裂；B. took拿走；C. tipped倾覆，倾倒；D. handed上交。因为靠得近，不小心将这个房子（其实是个装蚂蚁的玻璃盒子）弄倾斜了。tip意为：（使）倾倒，倾覆，符合题意。故选C项。
8．考查动词短语辨析。句意：不幸的是，我的粗心使得所有的隧道都塌了。A. rush out冲出去；B. break in打断，闯入；C. drop out退学；D. fall down倒塌。玻璃房子倾斜了，里面沙子制成的隧道也就相应地塌了。fall down意为：塌落，符合题意。故选D项。
9．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然蚂蚁们从地震中幸存下来了，但是他们一个接一个地开始死去。A. experienced体验；B. predicted预测；C. faced面对；D. survived幸存。根据下文“one by one they began to die.”可知，房子倾斜，隧道塌落，对住在里面的蚂蚁而言，相当于一次地震，他们在地震中活下来了。survive意为：幸存，幸免于难，符合题意。故选D项。
10．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：当我看着他们放弃所建造的隧道，而将死去的蚂蚁的尸体移到农场的一个角落时，我感到很震惊。A. annoyed恼怒的；B. astonished震惊的；C. moved感动的；D. thrilled非常兴奋的。看到他们将死去的蚂蚁搬到蚂蚁农场的一角，我感到很惊讶。故选B项。
11．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们只是不能接受这样的事实：他们的隧道被摧毁了。 A. reflect反映；B. ignore忽视；C. confirm证实；D. stand忍受。根据下文“the reality that their tunnels had been destroyed.”可知，它们无法忍受隧道被摧毁的事实。stand意为：容忍，忍受（强调不喜欢），符合题意。故选D项。
12．考查连词辨析。句意：妈妈希望这个蚂蚁农场能教会一些关于自然界的事，但它教会我更多的东西。 A. and表并列、递进；B. but表转折；C. so表结果；D. or表选择。妈妈的希望跟事实上蚂蚁农场教会我的有出入，之间是转折关系。故选B项。
13．考查介词词义辨析。句意：这些年，我逐渐意识到蚂蚁是研究团队合作好处的一个课题。A. In在……里；B. For为了；C. From从……中；D. Over在……期间。这些年，是指跨越这么多年这样一个时间区间，即在……期间。故选D项。
14．考查名词词义辨析。句意：这些年，我逐渐意识到蚂蚁是研究团队合作好处的一个课题。A. teamwork团队合作；B. devotion专心；C. responsibility责任；D. organization组织。根据上下文，蚂蚁搭建隧道是团队合作，后一句话也提到，一起努力工作，他们能创造一个奇妙的世界，所以说蚂蚁是研究团队合作好处的一个课题。故选A项。
15．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：一起努力工作，他们能给自己创造一个奇妙的世界。A. relaxing放松的；B. amusing好笑的；C. moving移动的；D. amazing奇妙的。小小的蚂蚁，其实团结起来，有大大的能量。他们一起搭造的隧道就是一个例子，这是一个奇妙的属于蚂蚁的世界。故选D项。
16．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我也学到，我们应该佩服他们的勤劳。A. supported支持；B. inspired激励；C. admired佩服；D. admitted承认。我从蚂蚁身上学到了许多，勤劳也是其中之一，这也是他们应该被我们所佩服的地方。故选C项。
17．考查名词词义辨析。句意：蚂蚁农场表明：团队合作和坚持不懈的确是成功的两个关键的秘诀。A. solutions解决办法；B. approaches方式，方法；C. recipes食谱，秘诀；D. circumstances情况。根据“teamwork and perseverance ”团队合作加上坚持不懈可以给我们带来成功，所以这两者是成功的秘诀。故选C项。
18．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是我最近才领会到一个更大的经验教训：灾难是生活的必然部分，应该要接受。A. give给；B. realize意识到；C. take拿走；D. adopt采纳。根据下文“Disaster is a natural part of life”可知，我直到最近才意识到一个更大的人生哲理，realize意为：意识到，符合题意。故选B项。
19．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是我最近才领会到一个更大的经验教训：灾难是生活的必然部分，应该要接受。A. accepted接受；B. suffered受苦；C. escaped逃离；D. managed设法做到。根据“Disaster is a natural part of life”可知，灾难是人生的必然部分，不可避免，不能逃离，只能接受。故选A项。
20．考查名词词义辨析。句意：跟蚂蚁不一样，当面临沮丧时，我们人类不能放弃。 A. challenges挑战；B. barriers障碍物；C. pressure压力；D. disappointment失望。根据上文，蚂蚁们的隧道坍塌，蚂蚁接受不了，死于沮丧。我们跟蚂蚁不一样，当面临沮丧时，我们不能放弃。这里disappointment与上文的frustration是近义词。故选D项。
（2022秋·河南安阳·高三统考阶段练习）I looked at the result of the pregnancy test and found I was pregnant. My heart almost stopped. I was married, but my 21 had just lost his job. I was working in a 22 position, struggling to find permanent, full-time employment. Having a 23 was a “future plan”—and it was supposed to be carried out many years later.
Weeks later, I had a 24 day at work. My bus ran late, my report didn’t save, and I 25 my lunch at home. I started to cry at my desk and 26 into the women’s restroom. I hid in the stall (小隔间), but it was 27 to cover the sound.
Several people entered the room, heard me crying, and left without 28 anything. Then, one older woman to whom I’d 29 spoken several times knocked on the door of the stall and handed me a 30 . I told her everything that had 31 to me. I expected her to imply that I was careless and irresponsible for getting myself into such a dilemma. 32 she gave me a hug and told me everything would 33 . She told me I’d be a wonderful mother, and that my baby would be the 34 of my life.
Later that day, I saw a(n) 35 on my desk. She’d written a note wishing me well and enclosed(随涵附上) what I 36 was all the cash from her purse. I cried again when I 37 it. This time it was because I was in relief that someone 38 that I’d find a way to make things okay. One of the things I bought with that money was a small Teddy Bear. My son’s a teenager now, but that Teddy Bear is one of my most prized 39 . Whenever I look at it, I’m 40 that hope is the most precious gift of all.
21．A．son B．brother C．father D．husband
22．A．rare B．temporary C．necessary D．typical
23．A．test B．family C．child D．promotion
24．A．terrible B．dangerous C．boring D．busy
25．A．prepared B．finished C．ordered D．left
26．A．wandered B．looked C．dashed D．jumped
27．A．unusual B．impossible C．unimportant D．improper
28．A．doubting B．noticing C．repeating D．saying
29．A．merely B．frequently C．specially D．curiously
30．A．card B．certificate C．tissue D．scarf
31．A．appealed B．happened C．applied D．belonged
32．A．As B．And C．So D．But
33．A．work out B．turn up C．carry on D．calm down
34．A．duty B．trial C．light D．dream
35．A．brochure B．envelope C．container D．invitation
36．A．admitted B．declared C．predicted D．supposed
37．A．found B．refused C．remembered D．chose
38．A．explained B．discovered C．believed D．promised
39．A．possessions B．inventions C．awards D．achievements
40．A．taught B．reminded C．guaranteed D．warned
【答案】21．D 22．B 23．C 24．A 25．D 26．C 27．B 28．D 29．A 30．C 31．B 32．D 33．A 34．C 35．B 36．D 37．A 38．C 39．A 40．B
【导语】本文是夹叙夹议文。文章主要讲述作者在发现自己怀孕时，正处于她和丈夫的工作不如意的时候，正在她考虑不要这个孩子时，受到了一位女士的安慰和鼓励，最终她留下了孩子，并且很感谢那位女士。
21．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我结婚了，但是我的丈夫失业了。A. son儿子；B. brother兄弟；C. father父亲；D. husband丈夫。根据下文“had just lost his job.”可知，这里指作者的丈夫。故选D。
22．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我当时在一个临时职位上工作，努力寻找永久的全职工作。A. rare稀有的；B. temporary暂时的；C. necessary必要的；D. typical典型的。根据下文“struggling to find permanent, full-time employment.”可知，作者想找到一份永久的全职工作，所以她现在应该是在做临时工。故选B。
23．考查名词词义辨析。句意：生孩子是一个“未来计划”，应该在多年后实施。A. test测试；B. family家庭；C. child孩子；D. promotion提升。根据下文“a “future plan”—and it was supposed to be carried out many years later”可知，这里应该是指要孩子是将来的事情。故选C。
24．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：几周后，我在工作中度过了糟糕的一天。A. terrible糟糕的；B. dangerous危险的；C. boring烦人的；D. busy忙的。根据下文“My bus ran late, my report didn’t save, and I 　　5　　 my lunch at home.”可知，作者那天诸事不顺，所以应该是很糟糕的事情。故选A。
25．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的公交车晚点了，我的报告没有保存下来，我把午饭忘在家里了。A. prepared准备；B. finished完成；C. ordered命令；D. left落下。根据上文“My bus ran late, my report didn’t save”可知，这里是列举作者不顺利的事情，所以应该是把午饭忘在家里了。故选D。
26．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我在书桌前哭了起来，冲进了女洗手间。A. wandered漫步；B. looked看；C. dashed冲；D. jumped跳。根据上文“I started to cry at my desk”可知，这时候应该是作者在伤心难过时冲进了女洗手间。故选C。
27．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我躲在小隔间里面，但是无法掩盖声音。A. unusual不同寻常的；B. impossible不可能的；C. unimportant不重要的；D. improper不恰当的。根据下文“Several people entered the room, heard me crying”可知，小隔间没有掩盖住作者的哭声。故选B。
28．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几个人走进房间，听到我哭了，什么也没说就走了。A. doubting怀疑；B. noticing注意；C. repeating重复；D. saying说。根据上文“left”可知，那几个人什么也没说就走了。故选D。
29．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然后，一位年长的女士敲了敲小隔间的门，递给我一张纸巾。A. merely仅仅；B. frequently频繁地；C. specially特别地；D. curiously好奇地。根据下文“spoken several times”可知，她们仅仅说过几次话。故选A。
30．考查名词词义辨析。句意：见第9题详解。A. card卡片；B. certificate证件；C. tissue纸巾；D. scarf围巾。根据上文“heard me crying”可知，作者在哭，所以那位女士应该是递给她纸巾。故选C。
31．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我把发生在我身上的一切都告诉了她。A. appealed吸引；B. happened发生；C. applied申请；D. belonged属于。根据上文“I told her everything”可知，作者向那位女士倾诉发生在自己身上的事情。故选B。
32．考查连词词义辨析。句意：但她给了我一个拥抱，告诉我一切都会好起来的。A. As因为；B. And并且；C. So因此；D. But但是。根据上下文意思可知，上下文是转折关系。故选D。
33．考查动词短语辨析。句意：见第12题详解。A. work out解决；B. turn up出现；C. carry on继续；D. calm down冷静下来。根据上文“she gave me a hug”可知，那位女士是在安慰作者，所以应该是说一切都将会解决。故选A。
34．考查名词词义辨析。句意：她告诉我，我会成为一个优秀的母亲，我的孩子将是我生命中的光。A. duty责任；B. trial试验；C. light光；D. dream梦想。根据上文“She told me I’d be a wonderful mother”下文“of my life”可知，这里指孩子会是作者生命中的光。故选C。
35．考查名词词义辨析。句意：那天晚些时候，我在桌子上看到一个信封。A. brochure小册子；B. envelope信封；C. container容器；D. invitation邀请。根据下文“She’d written a note”可知，那位女士给作者留了一封信。故选B。
36．考查动词词义辨析。句意：她写了一张纸条祝我一切顺利，并附上了我认为是她钱包里的所有现金。A. admitted承认；B. declared宣布；C. predicted预测；D. supposed推断。根据下文“all the cash from her purse”可知，这是作者推测的。故选D。
37．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当我发现它的时候，我又哭了。A. found发现；B. refused拒绝；C. remembered记得；D. chose选择。根据下文“it”可知，这应该是当作者发现那位女士的给她的钱时又哭了。故选A。
38．考查动词词义辨析。句意：这一次是因为我松了一口气，有人相信我会找到一种让事情好转的方法。A. explained解释；B. discovered发现；C. believed相信；D. promised承诺。根据下文“that I’d find a way to make things okay”可知，这是那位女士相信作者的情况会好转的看法。故选C。
39．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我儿子现在十几岁了，但那只泰迪熊是我最珍贵的财产之一。A. possessions财产，所有物；B. inventions发明；C. awards奖励；D. achievements成就。根据上文“One of the things I bought with that money was a small Teddy Bear.”可知，那只泰迪熊是作者最珍贵的财产之一。故选A。
40．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每当我看到它，我就会想起希望是最珍贵的礼物。A. taught教；B. reminded提醒；C. guaranteed保障；D. warned警告。根据下文“that hope is the most precious gift of all”可知，这是每当作者看到那只泰迪熊时，就会想起希望是最珍贵的礼物。故选B。
（2023·河南·校联考模拟预测）It was June a few years ago right around the Summer Solstice(夏至). The first fireflies (萤火虫)had appeared, 41 on and off in the woods around my house. What a (n) 42 it was to see them again! How amazing was the natural life! Their small light made me smile, and I couldn’t help but feel grateful to 43 .
As the daylight 44 , I saw some children trying to 45 the fireflies in the dark .A girl went inside and came back with a clear glass bottle. After several 46 attempts, she went to run after another one 47 . Anyway, she was very happy.
All the other children including me were very 48 . We gathered around, desiring to watch the fireflies’ light inside the bottle. Soon the girl’s mom walked to us and told us it was time to set the fireflies 49 . One of the children didn’t 50 . But the girl’s mom 51 that the fireflies would die if left in the 52 . Then she said something that still stays in my 53 to this day, “Let them go so they can share their 54 with the rest of the world!” Finally, we knew the meaning of life.
I 55 in our childhood, we used to sing the song, “This little light of mine, I’m going to let it shine!” But as adults we find it 56 to do so. We often forget to share.
Don’t 57 your “light”. Don’t keep it in a “bottle”. Share your “light”, no matter how 58 it may be. Let 59 light up your heart and then give it to the whole world. Let the “light” within you 60 the darkness away. Learn from the lightening fireflies. Be loving and willing to share!
41．A．burning B．showing C．flashing D．getting
42．A．scare B．joy C．idea D．honour
43．A．nature B．warmth C．adults D．children
44．A．came up B．got around C．broke out D．faded away
45．A．touch B．catch C．desert D．observe
46．A．smooth B．simple C．unsuccessful D．inactive
47．A．initially B．angrily C．often D．instead
48．A．afraid B．doubtful C．curious D．calm
49．A．loose B．close C．alone D．still
50．A．wave B．agree C．stand D．bend
51．A．complained B．joked C．admitted D．explained
52．A．bottle B．house C．air D．sky
53．A．book B．yard C．mind D．hand
54．A．light B．sound C．power D．energy
55．A．supported B．considered C．regretted D．remembered
56．A．useless B．hard C．necessary D．good
57．A．pass B．absorb C．hide D．share
58．A．colorful B．fast C．long D．weak
59．A．love B．attention C．honesty D．modesty
60．A．take B．drive C．give D．put
【答案】41．C 42．B 43．A 44．D 45．B 46．C 47．D 48．C 49．A 50．B 51．D 52．A 53．C 54．A 55．D 56．B 57．C 58．D 59．A 60．B
【导语】本文为一篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述小女孩的妈妈要孩子们把瓶子里的萤火虫放归大自然，让萤火虫可以和世界分享他们的光明这个故事，呼吁人们要像萤火虫那样，无论自己的光芒是多么的微弱，也不忘分享，让爱照亮你的心灵，并奉献给全世界。
41．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第一批萤火虫出现了，在我家周围的树林里忽隐忽现。A. burning燃烧；B. showing显示；C. flashing闪烁；D. getting得到。根据下文“How amazing the natural life was! Their small light made me smile, and I couldn’t help but feel grateful to ____3____. (自然界的生命是多么奇妙啊！他们的小小光芒使我微笑，我不禁对大自然心存感激。)”可知，晚上的萤火虫会发光闪烁，flashing符合语境。故选C。
42．考查名词词义辨析。句意：再次见到他们是多么高兴啊! A. scare惊吓，恐惧；B. joy喜悦；C. idea想法；D. honor荣誉。根据下文“Their small light made me smile, and I couldn’t help but feel grateful to ____3____. (他们的小小光芒使我微笑，我不禁对大自然心存感激。)”可知，作者看见萤火虫，内心充满喜悦。故选B。
43．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他们的小小光芒使我微笑，我不禁对大自然心存感激。A. nature自然；B. warmth温暖；C. adults成人；D. children儿童。根据上文“How amazing the natural life was! (自然界的生命是多么奇妙啊！)”，以及本句的前半句Their small light made me smile，作者对大自然心存感激。故选A。
44．考查动词短语辨析。句意：天色渐暗，我看见一些孩子在黑暗中捉萤火虫。A. came up出现；B. got around绕过；C. broke out爆发；D. faded away消失。根据句中catch the fireflies in the dark可知，夜幕降临，故日光逐渐消失。故选D。
45．考查动词词义辨析。句意：同上。A. touch触摸；B. catch抓住；C. desert遗弃；D. observe观察。根据后文“A girl went inside and came back with a clear glass bottle.”可知，天黑后，孩子们抓萤火虫。故选B。
46．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在几次不成功的尝试之后，她转而去追另一个（萤火虫）。A. smooth平滑的；B. simple简单的；C. unsuccessful不成功的；D. inactive不活跃的。根据句中she went to run after another one instead，以及下一句“Anyway, she was very happy. (不管怎样，她很高兴)”可知，不管抓没抓到，小女孩很开心，可推知，小女孩的尝试没有成功，故选C。
47．考查副词词义辨析。句意：在几次不成功的尝试之后，她转而去追另一个（萤火虫）。A. initially最初；B. angrily生气；C. often经常；D. instead代替。根据前半句After several ____5____ attempts可知，几次尝试失败后，小女孩转而去追捕另一个萤火虫，instead符合语境。故选D。
48．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：包括我在内的其他孩子都很好奇。A. afraid害怕的；B. doubtful怀疑的；C. curious好奇的；D. calm冷静的。根据下一句“We gathered around, desiring to watch the fireflies’ light inside the bottle. (我们围在一起，想看萤火虫在瓶子里发出的光。)”可知，作者和孩子一样，都好奇萤火虫怎么发光的。故选C。
49．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：很快，小女孩的妈妈走到我们面前，告诉我们是时候把萤火虫放出来了。A. loose不受束缚的；B. close关闭的；C. alone单独的；D. still静止的。根据下文“But the girl’s mom explained that the fireflies would die if left in the ____9____. (但是女孩的妈妈解释说，如果把萤火虫留在瓶子里，它们会死的。)”以及“‘Let them go so they can share their ____10____ with the rest of the world!’ Finally, we knew the meaning of life. (让他们走吧，这样他们就可以和世界分享他们的光明！)”可知，此处考查set sth loose，意为“释放某物”，与Let them go意思相近，故选A。
50．考查动词词义辨析。句意：有一个孩子不同意。A. wave挥手；B. agree同意；C. stand站着；D. bend弯曲。根据前文“Soon the girl’s mom walked to us and told us it was time to set the fireflies ____9____ .”可知，小女孩的妈妈走到我们面前，告诉我们是时候把萤火虫放出来了，而另外的一个孩子不同意。故选B。
51．考查动词词义辨析。句意：但是女孩的妈妈解释说，如果把萤火虫留在瓶子里，它们会死的。A. complained抱怨；B. joked开玩笑；C. admitted承认；D. explained解释。根据后文“the fireflies would die if left in the ____12____ .”可知，女孩的妈妈解释说，如果把萤火虫留在瓶子里，它们会死的。故选D。
52．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但是女孩的妈妈解释说，如果把萤火虫留在瓶子里，它们会死的。A. bottle瓶子；B. house房子；C. air空气；D. sky天空。根据前文“We gathered around, desiring to watch the fireflies’ light inside the bottle.”可知，把萤火虫留在瓶子里，它们会死的。故选A。
53．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然后她说了一句至今仍在我脑海里的话。A. book书；B. yard庭院；C. mind头脑，智慧；D. hand手。根据后文““Let them go so they can share their ____14____with the rest of the world!””可知，“让他们走吧，这样他们就可以和世界分享他们的光明！”这句话一直存留在作者的脑海里。故选C。
54．考查名词词义辨析。句意：让他们走吧，这样他们就可以和世界分享他们的光明! A. light光；B. sound声音；C. power功率；D. energy能量。根据上文“We gathered around, desiring to watch the fireflies’ light inside the bottle.( 我们围在一起，想看萤火虫在瓶子里发出的光。)”可知，女孩的妈妈希望萤火虫被放归大自然，使萤火虫的光能更多地被分享。故选A。
55．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我记得在我们的童年，我们曾经唱过这首歌，“我的这一点光，我要让它发光！”A. supported支持；B. considered考虑；C. regretted后悔；D. remembered记得。根据空后的in our childhood，以及后一句“But as adults we find it ____12____ to do so. We often forget to share. ”可知，但作为成年人，我们发现很难做到这一点。我们常常忘记分享。故选D。
56．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：但作为成年人，我们发现很难做到这一点。A. useless无用的；B. hard困难的；C. necessary必要的；D. good好的。根据上文“I ____11____ in our childhood, we used to sing the song, ‘This little light of mine, I’m going to let it shine!’ (记得在我们的童年，我们曾经唱过这首歌，‘我的这一点光，我要让它发光！’)”,下文“We often forget to share.(我们常常忘记分享。)”可知，儿歌表达的意思是“把自己的光分享给别人”，而长大后却做不到分享，因为经常忘记分享，hard符合语境。故选B。
57．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不要隐藏你的“光芒”。A. pass通过；B. absorb吸收；C. hide隐藏；D. share分享。根据下一句“Don’t keep it in a ‘bottle’. Share your ‘light’, no matter how ____14____ it may be. Let love light up your heart and then give it to the whole world. (不要把它保存在‘瓶子’里。分享你的‘光芒’，不管它有多微弱。让爱照亮你的心灵，然后把它奉献给全世界。)”可知，作者想表达：哪怕只有一点点光，一点点的爱，都要记得奉献给世界，不私藏光芒。故选C。
58．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：分享你的“光芒”，不管它有多微弱。A. colorful富有色彩的；B. fast快的；C. long长的；D. weak微弱的。“I ____11____ in our childhood, we used to sing the song, ‘This little light of mine, I’m going to let it shine!’ (记得在我们的童年，我们曾经唱过这首歌，‘我的这一点光，我要让它发光！’)”可知，每个人可能只有一点点光，即只有微弱的光。故选D。
59．考查名词词义辨析。句意：让爱照亮你的心灵，然后把它奉献给全世界。A. love爱；B. attention注意力；C. honesty诚实；D. modesty诚实。根据后文“Be loving and willing to share!”可知，作者指出让爱照亮你的心灵，然后把它奉献给全世界。故选A。
60．考查动词词义辨析。句意：向发光的萤火虫学习，让你内心的“光”驱走黑暗。A. take取；B. drive驱动；C. give给；D. put放。此处考查动词短语drive away，意为“赶跑，使……离去”，我们应该像萤火虫的光照亮黑夜一样，奉献我们的内心的光，心中的爱，驱赶走世间的黑暗。故选B项。
（2021·陕西汉中·校联考模拟预测）After going through a severe illness, you learn to know what love, faith and beauty really are.
I know this all too well, because I’ve experienced a 61 illness myself. Years ago, I was diagnosed with both breast and liver cancer at the same time, and my entire outlook on life completely 62 . I thought I had it rough after having to raise my daughter alone, but going through cancer made my 63 years seem like heaven. When you suffer from a serious illness like cancer, it makes you wonder what you did to 64 such a thing. 65 , the love of my family helped me to forget my pain. Their love was the greatest reason why I had to 66 the cancer and live. At times, I didn’t think I would make it, but because of the 67 love of my family, I found out who’s there at this most 68 time of my life.
Through it all, not only did I find what love truly means, but I found what true beauty really is. Whether we’ re dealing with an illness or any other 69 feeling about ourselves, we still need to feel 70 on both the outside and inside.
Each passing day I’m allowed to open my eyes, the days are brighter, because I’m able to see and 71 it that much more. True beauty is 72 and when you feel beautiful on the inside, it shows so clearly on the outside. 73 , I could not have done or felt the way I did and still do without my family.
I share my story with others as I hope to have a positive impact 74 those who are ill or just feeling 75 . We should never allow anything to 76 our joy or self-esteem. We can turn something 77 like cancer into something positive if we focus on the great things that come out of it. 78 , it’s at the worst times of our lives 79 the best things can happen.
I truly believe that when we survive a tragedy, it’s for a reason. We all have a purpose, and through that purpose, compassion, strength, faith and true beauty is 80 .
61．A．normal B．serious C．easy D．boring
62．A．changed B．stopped C．kept D．finished
63．A．free B．precious C．previous D．rest
64．A．refuse B．allow C．cancel D．deserve
65．A．Otherwise B．Besides C．However D．Thus
66．A．fail B．fight C．help D．hold
67．A．selfish B．temporary C．unconditional D．permanent
68．A．valuable B．brilliant C．surprising D．critical
69．A．negative B．optimistic C．sympathetic D．inspiring
70．A．ugly B．beautiful C．frustrated D．guilty
71．A．touch B．hate C．appreciate D．adjust
72．A．outside B．obvious C．invisible D．inner
73．A．Honestly B．Surprisingly C．Unfortunately D．Evidently
74．A．to B．on C．in D．for
75．A．upset B．delighted C．relieved D．excited
76．A．get B．make C．steal D．protect
77．A．fascinating B．wonderful C．extraordinary D．awful
78．A．In other words B．In all C．On the contrary D．As a result
79．A．when B．where C．that D．which
80．A．born B．lost C．shared D．spread
【答案】61．B 62．A 63．C 64．D 65．C 66．B 67．C 68．D 69．A 70．B 71．C 72．D 73．D 74．B 75．A 76．C 77．D 78．A 79．C 80．A
【导语】本文是篇夹叙夹议文。文章通过讲述作者在身患重病后，在家人的帮助下重拾信心，乐观积极生活的经历，表达了什么才是真正的爱、信念和美丽。
61．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我非常清楚这一点，因为我自己也患过一场重病。A. normal 正常的；B. serious 严重的；C. easy 容易的；D. boring 无聊的。根据第一段“After going through a severe illness, you learn to know what love, faith and beauty really are.”（在经历了一场重病之后，你学会了什么是真正的爱、信念和美。）和下一句中的“Years ago, I was diagnosed with both breast and liver cancer at the same time, ”（几年前，我同时被诊断出患有乳腺癌和肝癌，）可知，作者经历了一场严重的疾病。故选B。
62．考查动词词义辨析。句意：几年前，我同时被诊断出患有乳腺癌和肝癌，我对生活的整个看法完全改变了。A. changed 改变、变化； B. stopped 停止；C. kept 保持；D. finished 完成。根据下一句“I thought I had it rough after having to raise my daughter alone, but going through cancer made my 3 years seem like heaven. ”（原以为独自抚养女儿的日子过得很艰难，但经历癌症让我的前几年看起来像是天堂。）及全文内容可知，患病后，作者对自己生活的看法发生了改变。故选A。
63．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：原以为独自抚养女儿的日子过得很艰难，但经历癌症让我的前几年看起来像是天堂。A. free 自由的、免费的；B. precious 宝贵的、珍贵的；C. previous 以前的；D. rest 余下的。根据句中的“after raising my daughter alone”可知，作者在患病前独自抚养女儿长大，所以这是指患病前的几年，即“以前的”几年。故选C。
64．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你患上像癌症这样的严重疾病时，你会想知道自己做了什么才会受到这样的遭遇。A. refuse 拒绝；B. allow 允许；C. cancel 取消；D. deserve 应受、值得。根据下一句“　5　, the love of my family helped me to forget my pain. ”（然而，家人的爱帮助我忘记了痛苦。）可知，作者患上重病后非常痛苦，所以会想要知道是不是自己以前做过什么不好的事才会受到这种不幸。故选D。
65．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，家人的爱帮助我忘记了痛苦。A. Otherwise 否则；B. Besides 此外；C. However 然而；D. Thus 这样、从而。根据第上一句“When you suffer from a serious illness like cancer, it makes you wonder what you did to deserve such a thing. ”（当你患上像癌症这样的严重疾病时，你会想知道自己做了什么才会受到这样的遭遇。）可知，作者患病后，身心都很痛苦，而本句中所表达的“家人的爱帮助我忘记了痛苦”与上一句形成了转折关系。故选C。
66．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他们的爱是我与癌症抗争并活下来的最大理由。A. fail 失败；B. fight与……作斗争、打架；C. help 帮助；D. hold 抓住、保持。根据本句中的“live”可知，作者想要活下来，所以就必须与癌症作斗争。故选B。
67．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时，我认为我做不到，但因为我的家人无条件的爱，我发现了在我生命最关键的时刻，在那里守护我的人。A. selfish 自私的；B. temporary 暂时的；C. unconditional 无条件的；D. permanent 永久的。根据第二段的“However, the love of my family helped me to forget my pain. ”（然而，家人的爱帮助我忘记了痛苦。）、“Their love was the greatest reason why I had to fight the cancer and live. ”（他们的爱是我与癌症抗争并活下来的最大理由。）和第三段“Through it all, not only did I find what love truly means, but I found what true beauty really is. ”（通过这一切，我不仅发现了爱的真谛，也发现了什么是真正的美。）并结合常识可知，作者身患重症，是家人的爱使她忘记了痛苦、重拾信心与癌症作斗争，也因此懂得了爱的真谛，所以家人的爱应该是无条件的、不求回报的。故选C。
68．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：有时，我认为我做不到，但因为我的家人无条件的爱，我发现了在我生命最关键的时刻，在那里守护我的人。A. valuable 珍贵的；B. brilliant 明亮的、辉煌的；C. surprising 令人惊讶的；D. critical 关键的、批判的。根据前文“Their love was the greatest reason why I had to fight the cancer and live.”（他们的爱是我与癌症抗争并活下来的最大理由。）可知，作者决定要与癌症作斗争，争取存活下来，所以这应该是关系到她生命的最重要、最关键的时刻。故选D。
69．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：无论我们是在应对疾病还是其他负面情绪，我们仍然需要外在和内在都感受到美丽。A. negative 负面的；B. optimistic 乐观的；C. sympathetic 同情的；D. inspiring 鼓舞人心的。根据句中“an illness or any other 9 feeling about ourselves”可知，空处应该也是指和疾病一样的其它不好的感受，即负面情绪。故选A。
70．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：无论我们是在应对疾病还是其他负面情绪，我们仍然需要外在和内在都感受到美丽。A. ugly 丑陋的；B. beautiful 美丽的；C. frustrated 沮丧的；D. guilty 有罪的、内疚的。根据上一句“Through it all, not only did I find what love truly means, but I found what true beauty really is.”（通过这一切，我不仅发现了爱的真谛，也发现了什么是真正的美。）和第四段“True beauty is 　12　and when you feel beautiful on the inside, it shows so clearly on the outside.”（真正的美是内在的，当你觉得内在美时，美丽也会在你的外在清晰地表现出来。）可知，作者患病后发现了由内而外的真正的美，即便是我们在应对疾病或负面情绪时，也应该要感受这种美。故选B。
71．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每过一天，当我可以睁开眼睛的时候，日子就会变得更加明亮，因为我能看到更多，也更能欣赏它。A. touch 触摸；B. hate 憎恨；C. appreciate 欣赏、感激；D. adjust 调整。根据句中“the days are brighter”和下一句“True beauty is 　12　and when you feel beautiful on the inside, it shows so clearly on the outside.”（真正的美是内在的，当你内心感到美丽时，美也会在你的外在清晰地表现出来。）可知，只要能够睁开双眼，就能看到更多，也会发自内心地去欣赏，这样日子就会更加明亮，内心就会感到美丽，整个人看起来也会更美。故选C。
72．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：真正的美是内在的，当你觉得内在美时，美丽也会在你的外在清晰地表现出来。A. outside 外边的；B. obvious 明显的；C. invisible 看不见的；D. inner 内在的。根据句中“when you feel beautiful on the inside, it shows so clearly on the outside. ”可知，当你内心感到美丽时，外在也会变得美丽，说明真正的美是内在的。故选D。
73．考查副词词义辨析。句意：显然，如果没有我的家人，我不可能做到或感受到我现在所做的一切。A. Honestly 真诚地；B. Surprisingly 令人惊讶地；C. Unfortunately 不幸地；D. Evidently 显然、明显地。根据第二段“At times, I didn’t think I would make it, but because of the unconditiojnal love of my family, I found out who’s there at this most critical time of my life.”（有时，我认为我做不到，但因为我的家人无条件的爱，我发现了在我生命最关键的时刻，在那里守护我的人。）和本句中“I could not have done or felt the way I did and still do without my family.”可知，因为家人无条件的爱，使作者做到了她以为自己不可能做到的事，这是显而易见的。故选D。
74．考查介词词义辨析。句意：我与他人分享我的故事，因为我希望对那些生病或只是感到心烦的人产生积极的影响。A. to 给、朝；B. on 在上面；have an impact on 对……有影响；C. in 在里面；D. for 为了、给。固定搭配have an impact on 意为：对……有影响，故have a positive impact on表示“对……产生积极的影响”，符合句意，故空处应该为介词on。故选B。
75．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我与他人分享我的故事，因为我希望对那些生病或只是感到心烦的人产生积极的影响。A. upset 心烦的、不安的；B. delighted 高兴的；C. relieved 放心的、宽慰的；D. excited 激动的、兴奋的。根据句中的“who are feel ill or just feeling”可知，空处应该是与“ill”一样不好的感觉。故选A。
76．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们不应该让任何事情偷走我们的快乐和自尊。A. get 得到；B. make 制造；C. steal 偷；D. protect 保护。根据上一句“I share my story with others as I hope to have a positive impact on those who are ill or just feeling upset.”（我与他人分享我的故事，因为我希望对那些生病或只是感到心烦的人产生积极的影响。）可知，作者希望能够对那些生病或心烦的人起到积极的作用，让他们感受到快乐和自尊，所以不会让任何事情把这些偷走，这里“偷走”比较符合语境。故选C。
77．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果我们关注事情带来的好处，就能把像癌症这种可怕的事情变成积极的事情。A. fascinating 迷人的；B. wonderful 精彩的；C. extraordinary 非凡的、卓越的；D. awful 糟糕的、可怕的。根据句中“like cancer”可知，这里指的是像癌症一样可怕的、糟糕的事情。故选D。
78．考查介词短语辨析。句意：换句话说，在我们生命中最糟糕的时候，最好的事情可能会发生。A. In other words 换句话说；B. In all 总共、合计；C. On the contrary 相反、反之；D. As a result 因此。根据上一句“We can turn something awful like cancer into something positive if we focus on the great things that come out of it.”（如果我们关注事情带来的好处，就能把像癌症这种可怕的事情变成积极的事情。）可知，在我们生命中最糟糕的时候，如果我们能够关注积极的一面，就有可能发生最好的事情，所以本句是对上一句的另一种说法。故选A。
79．考查连词词义辨析。句意：换句话说，在我们生命中最糟糕的时候，最好的事情可能会发生。A. when 当……时候、在这/那时，可引导从句；B. where 在哪里、在这/那里，可引导从句；C. that 可引导从句和强调句；D. which 哪一个、哪一些，可引导从句。分析句中“it’s at the worst times of our lives 　19　 the best things can happen.”的句子结构并结合句意可知，该句为强调句，强调“at the worst times of our lives”，应用连词that。故选C。
80．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我们都有一个目标，通过这个目标，同情、力量、信念和真正的美就会诞生。A. born 出生、诞生；B. lost 失去、丢失；C. shared 分享；D. spread 传播。根据第一段“After going through a severe illness, you learn to know what love, faith and beauty really are.”（在经历了一场重病之后，你学会了什么是真正的爱、信念和美。）及前文的“We can turn something awful like cancer into something positive if we focus on the great things that come out of it. ”（如果我们关注事情带来的好处，就能把像癌症这种可怕的事情变成积极的事情。）和“In other words, it’s at the worst times of our lives that the best things can happen.”（换句话说，在我们生命中最糟糕的时候，最好的事情可能会发生。）可知，作者在身患重病后，乐观积极地面对，真正的爱、信念和美也随之而生，使作者懂得了其中的真谛。故选A。
（2022·陕西西安·统考一模）If you want to achieve your dream, there is no choice but hard work.
Once upon a time a boy in 81 clothes full of patches ran to ask a successful building contractor(承包商) on a construction site, “How could I become as 82 as you when I grow up?”
With a 83 at the boy, the contractor responded, “There is a story about three diggers. The first digger liked holding a spade without doing anything but say that he wanted to be a (n) 84 in the future. The second always liked 85 about the work and his low 86 . The third digger liked 87 devoting himself to digging. Many years later, the first was still holding his spade in the 88 place and the second looked for an excuse for early 89 . Only the third became a boss. Do you understand the 90 of this story? Just go to purchase a 91 shirt and work hard.”
The little boy was 92 . So he asked the contractor to explain further. 93 the working builders, the contractor replied, “Look at my workers! I can’t remember all their names, and even I have no 94 of some of them. Most of them wear blue shirts. But if you look 95 , you will notice a sunburned man in red. He seems to be working harder than others. He is always the first one to arrive while the last one to leave. It is exactly his red shirt that makes him 96 . Soon he will be 97 to my assistant. You know, that is also how I get where I am now. I worked hard and wore a striped shirt. My boss 98 me. I also became what he was like eventually.”
Success can only 99 action. Working hard is all winners’ shared 100 for achieving their dreams.
81．A．formal B．new C．ragged D．elegant
82．A．strong B．wealthy C．creative D．responsible
83．A．hit B．wave C．shout D．glance
84．A．boss B．architect C．assistant D．designer
85．A．explaining B．complaining C．thinking D．learning
86．A．salary B．intelligence C．spirit D．ability
87．A．obviously B．freely C．quietly D．angrily
88．A．suitable B．ideal C．remote D．original
89．A．retirement B．payment C．arrival D．development
90．A．importance B．moral C．quality D．people
91．A．brown B．yellow C．red D．blue
92．A．embarrassed B．disappointed C．grateful D．puzzled
93．A．Pointing to B．Coming to C．Speaking to D．Referring to
94．A．description B．impression C．expression D．information
95．A．doubtfully B．frequently C．carefully D．regularly
96．A．give out B．stand out C．turn out D．figure out
97．A．sent B．refused C．promoted D．fired
98．A．noticed B．scolded C．ignored D．praised
99．A．come about B．account for C．suffer from D．result from
100．A．experience B．reward C．attempt D．consequence
【答案】81．C 82．B 83．D 84．A 85．B 86．A 87．C 88．D 89．A 90．B 91．C 92．D 93．A 94．B 95．C 96．B 97．C 98．A 99．D 100．A
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。一个男孩向一个成功的建筑承包商请教成功的秘诀，这个承包商告诉他努力是所有赢家实现梦想的必经之路。
81．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：从前，一个穿着满是补丁的破烂衣服的男孩跑去问一个建筑工地上成功的建筑承包商：“我长大后怎么能像你一样富有？”A. formal正规的；B. new新的；C. ragged破旧的，褴褛的；D. elegant优美的。根据空后的“full of patches”可知，小男孩衣衫褴褛。故选C。
82．考查形容词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. strong强壮的；B. wealthy富裕的；C. creative创造性的；D. responsible负责的。根据上文中的“a successful building contractor(承包商)”可知，这位承包商很成功，所以他很有钱。故选B。
83．考查名词词义辨析。句意：承包商瞥了一眼男孩，回答道。A. hit击，打；B. wave挥手；C. shout呼喊；D. glance一瞥。根据第二段中的“ran to ask”可知，男孩是跑过去询问承包商的，这引起了承包商的注意，所以承包商应是先瞥一眼这个男孩。故选D。
84．考查名词词义辨析。句意：第一个挖掘者喜欢拿着铁锹什么也不做，只说他将来想当老板。A. boss老板；B. architect建筑师；C. assistant助理；D. designer设计师。根据下文中的“became a boss”可知，这里是boss的原词复现。故选A。
85．考查动词词义辨析。句意：第二个挖掘者总是喜欢抱怨工作和他的工资低。A. explaining解释；B. complaining抱怨；C. thinking认为；D. learning学习。空后的“about the work and his low ____6____”表明这里是抱怨工作和工资低。故选B。
86．考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. salary工资；B. intelligence智力；C. spirit精神；D. ability能力。根据空前的“low”并结合选项，这里是说低工资。故选A。
87．考查副词词义辨析。句意：第三个挖掘者喜欢安静地致力于挖掘。A. obviously显然地；B. freely自由地；C. quietly安静地；D. angrily生气地。根据前两句“The first digger liked holding a spade without doing anything but say...The second always liked...(第一个挖掘者喜欢拿着铁锹什么也不做，只说他将来想当老板。第二个挖掘者总是喜欢抱怨工作和他的工资低。)”可知，相比于第一个挖掘者只说大话却不干活和第二个挖掘者总是抱怨，第三个挖掘者是在安静地做事情。故选C。
88．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：许多年后，第一个挖掘者仍然在原来的地方拿着铁锹，第二个则为提前退休寻找借口。A. suitable合适的；B. ideal理想的；C. remote遥远的；D. original原来的。根据句中的“was still holding his spade”可知，这里是说第一个挖掘者和多年前一样，在老地方干着同样的事情。故选D。
89．考查名词词义辨析。句意参考上题。A. retirement退休；B. payment支付；C. arrival到达；D. development发展。根据空前的“looked for an excuse for early”可知，这里是说找借口提前退休。故选A。
90．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你明白这个故事的寓意吗？A. importance重要；B. moral寓意；C. quality品质；D. people人们。根据上文“There is a story about three diggers.(有一个关于三个挖掘者的故事。)”可知，讲三个挖掘者的故事是为了告诉男孩故事的寓意。故选B。
91．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：去买一件红衬衫，然后努力工作。A. brown棕色的；B. yellow黄色的；C. red红色的；D. blue蓝色的。根据下文中的“his red shirt”可知，这里是red的原词复现。故选C。
92．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：小男孩很困惑。A. embarrassed尴尬的；B. disappointed失望的；C. grateful感激的；D. puzzled困惑的。根据下句“So he asked the contractor to explain further.(因此，他请求承包商进一步解释。)”可知，小男孩没有明白承包商的意思。故选D。
93．考查动词短语辨析。句意：承包商指着正在施工的建筑工人回答说。A. Pointing to指向；B. Coming to来到；C. Speaking to对……说话；D. Referring to谈及。根据下文中的“Look at my workers!(看看我的工人！)”可知，这里是用手指着工人。故选A。
94．考查名词词义辨析。句意：我记不清他们所有的名字，我甚至对其中一些人没有印象。A. description描述；B. impression印象；C. expression表达；D. information信息。根据句中的“I can’t remember all their names”和空前的“even”可知，承包商对一些人没印象。故选B。
95．考查副词词义辨析。句意：但如果你仔细观察，你会注意到一个被晒伤的红衣男子。A. doubtfully怀疑地；B. frequently频繁地；C. carefully小心地，仔细地；D. regularly定期地。根据上句“Most of them wear blue shirts.(他们大多穿蓝色衬衫。)”和空后的“you will notice a sunburned man in red”可知，在穿蓝色的工人中看到一位穿红衣的人，这需要认真观察。故选C。
96．考查动词短语辨析。句意：正是他的红衬衫使他脱颖而出。A. give out发放；B. stand out突出，显眼；C. turn out证明是；D. figure out弄清楚。根据句中的“exactly his red shirt”并结合上文可知，在一群身穿蓝衣的工人中间，穿红衣的男子早到晚归地工作，这很显眼。故选B。
97．考查动词词义辨析。句意：不久他将被提升为我的助理。A. sent发送；B. refused拒绝；C. promoted提升；D. fired解雇。根据空后的“to my assistant”可知，这里是说这位红衣男子升职了。故选C。
98．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我的老板注意到了我。A. noticed注意到；B. scolded斥责；C. ignored忽视；D. praised表扬。根据上句“I worked hard and wore a striped shirt.(我努力工作，并且穿了一件条纹衬衫。)”可知，他的穿着和其他工人有区分，而且努力干活，所以得到了老板的注意。故选A。
99．考查动词短语辨析。句意：成功只能来自行动。A. come about发生；B. account for解释，导致；C. suffer from遭受；D. result from由……产生。根据文章第一段“If you want to achieve your dream, there is no choice but hard work.(如果你想实现你的梦想，除了努力工作别无选择。)”可知，本文通过这则小故事主要想告诉读者的是：成功源自行动。故选D。
100．考查名词词义辨析。句意：努力工作是所有获奖者实现梦想的共同经历。A. experience经历；B. reward奖励；C. attempt企图；D. consequence结果。根据空后的“for achieving their dreams”可知，这里是说成功者实现梦想都要经历努力工作。故选A。
（2023·陕西西安·陕西师大附中校考二模）An old farmer had lived on the same farm all his life. It was really a good farm with fertile soil, but with the passing of the years, the farmer began to think that maybe there was something 101 for him. Every day he found a new 102 for criticizing some feature of his old farm. Finally, he decided to 103 it. He listed the farm with a broker (经纪人) who quickly 104 an advertisement emphasizing all the 105 of the farm.
When the broker read the ad. to the farmer for his 106 to place it in the local paper, the farmer listened 107 . When the broker had finished, the farmer cried out, “Hold everything. I’ve changed my 108 . I’ve been looking for such a place all my life!”
I think you’ll 109 that each of us, from time to time, 110 about things such as our home, our car, or our job. As human beings, it is 111 to want the best things in life.
The next time you find yourself 112 the relationship you have with your family, a neighbor or a friend, don’t worry. Human relationships have their ups and downs, so it is natural to 113 at times if you might get on well with someone else. If you ever find yourself in this mood, sit down in a 114 place and write an “obituary (讣告)” for that 115 . Experience the powerful emotions that will surely overcome you when you 116 having to sum up a loved one’s life in a few paragraphs that could 117 a newspaper obituary. Notice how easy it is to come up with nice things to say about the person. Notice how much 118 there “was” in this person. Some day you may actually have to 119 this exercise “for real”, wipe the tears and then go and spend quality time with that person. 120 the moment and realize how lucky you are to have such a person.
101．A．cheaper B．better C．briefer D．easier
102．A．example B．method C．reason D．place
103．A．move B．give C．sell D．keep
104．A．found B．placed C．answered D．prepared
105．A．information B．advantages C．sides D．history
106．A．interest B．decision C．attempt D．approval
107．A．happily B．carefully C．proudly D．consciously
108．A．suggestion B．style C．question D．mind
109．A．agree B．state C．prove D．predict
110．A．worries B．thinks C．talks D．complains
111．A．popular B．suitable C．vital D．natural
112．A．analyzing B．questioning C．exploiting D．developing
113．A．forgive B．apologize C．wonder D．learn
114．A．safe B．quiet C．familiar D．convenient
115．A．friend B．broker C．farmer D．person
116．A．avoid B．adopt C．imagine D．oppose
117．A．add up B．hand in C．put up with D．fit in with
118．A．goodness B．power C．energy D．effect
119．A．go through B．subscribe to C．set down D．decide on
120．A．Grasp B．Save C．Enjoy D．Expect
【答案】101．B 102．C 103．C 104．D 105．B 106．D 107．B 108．D 109．A 110．D 111．D 112．B 113．C 114．B 115．D 116．C 117．D 118．A 119．A 120．C
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。主要讲述的是很多人对拥有的东西不知道珍惜，直到失去了才知道它的珍贵。
101．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这确实是一个土壤肥沃的好农场，但随着时间的流逝，农夫开始想也许有更好的地方适合他。A. cheaper便宜的；B. better较好的；C. briefer更短的；D. easier更简单的。根据语境以及上文中的“It was really a good farm with fertile soil, but”和下文中的“As human beings, it is ____11____ to want the best things in life.”可知，此处应表示“更好的”地方适合他。故选B项。
102．2. 考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天他都找到新的理由来批评他的老农场的一些特点。A. example例子，榜样；B. method方法；C. reason原因；D. place地方。根据上文中的“An old farmer had lived on the same farm all his life. It was really a good farm with fertile soil, but with the passing of the years, the farmer began to think that maybe there was something ____1____ for him.”可知，这位老农民想要更好的农场，所以此处指的是每天找一些批评旧农场的“理由”。故选C项。
103．考查动词词义辨析。句意：最后，他决定卖掉它。A. move移动；B. give给予；C. sell售卖；D. keep保持。根据下文中的“He listed the farm with a broker (经纪人)”可知，他把农场交给了经纪人，由此可知，此处指的是最终要“卖”了农场。故选C项。
104．考查动词词义辨析。句意：他向一位经纪人(经纪人)介绍了这个农场，这位经纪人迅速准备了一则广告，强调这个农场的所有优点。A. found发现；B. placed放置；C. answered回答；D. prepared准备。根据语境以及下文中的“When the broker read the ad. to the farmer”可知，经纪人把广告读给农民听，由此可推断，此处指的是“准备”售卖农场的广告。故选D项。
105．考查名词词义辨析。句意：他向一位经纪人介绍了这个农场，这位经纪人迅速准备了一则广告，强调这个农场的所有优点。A. information信息；B. advantages优势；C. sides边，面；D. history历史。根据常识，要售卖农场，应该是强调农场的“优点”。故选B项。
106．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当经纪人把广告念给农场主听，征求他的同意，让他把广告登在当地报纸上时，农场主仔细地听着。A. interest兴趣；B. decision决定；C. attempt尝试；D. approval同意，赞成。根据下文中的“to place it in the local paper”可知，经纪人要把广告发布到当地报纸，要征得农民的“同意”。故选D项。
107．考查副词词义辨析。句意：当经纪人把广告念给农场主听，征求他的同意，让他把广告登在当地报纸上时，农场主仔细地听着。A. happily快乐地；B. carefully仔细地；C. proudly骄傲的D. consciously有意识地。根据上文中的“When the broker read the ad. to the farmer for his ____6____ to place it in the local paper”并结合语境可知，经纪人给农民念出售农场广告，并要放到当地报纸上时，农民应该是“仔细地”听着，符合语境。故选B项。
108．考查名词词义辨析。句意：当经纪人念完后，农夫喊道：“把所有的都收起来。我改变主意了。我一生都在寻找这样的地方!”A. suggestion建议；B. style风格；C. question问题；D. mind思想，主意。根据下文中的“I’ve been looking for such a place all my life!””可知，农场主听完广告后，说这是他一生在寻找的地方，由此可推断，他应该是不想卖农场了，所以此处指的是改变了“注主意”符合语境。故选D项。
109．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想你会同意，我们每个人都会时不时地抱怨一些事情，比如我们的家、我们的车或我们的工作。A. agree同意；B. state陈述；C. prove证明；D. predict预测。根据下文中的“each of us, from time to time, ____10____ about things such as our home, our car, or our job.”可知，根据上文介绍的农民卖农场的故事可知，作者认为大家应该都“同意”我们每一个人时常抱怨我们的家、我们的车或者我们的工作。故选A项。
110．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我想你会同意，我们每个人都会时不时地抱怨一些事情，比如我们的家、我们的车或我们的工作。A. worries担忧；B. thinks认为；C. talks谈论；D. complains抱怨。根据上文中关于农民卖农场的故事可知，时间久了，农民对本来不错的农场心生不满，决定要卖掉它，由此可知，此处指的是“抱怨”符合语境。故选D项。
111．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：作为人类，想要生活中最好的东西是很自然的。A. popular受欢迎的；B. suitable合适的；C. vital至关重要的；D. natural自然的。根据下文中的“to want the best things in life.”以及上文的故事可知，作为人类，在生活中想要最好的东西是“自然的”事情。故选D项。
112．考查动词词义辨析。句意：下次当你发现自己在质疑你与家人、邻居或朋友的关系时，别担心。A. analyzing分析；B. questioning质疑；C. exploiting利用；D. developing开发。根据下文中的“Human relationships have their ups and downs, so it is natural to ____13____ at times if you might get on well with someone else.”可知，人际关系有起有落，所以此处指的是“质疑”与家人、；邻居或者朋友的关系。故选B项。
113．考查动词词义辨析。句意：人际关系有起有落，所以有时很自然地想知道你是否能和别人相处得很好。A. forgive宽恕；B. apologize道歉；C. wonder想知道D. learn学习。根据上文中的“Human relationships have their ups and downs”和下文中的“if you might get on well with someone else.”可知，此处指的是“想知道”是否与别人相处的很好。故选C项。
114．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：如果你发现自己处于这种情绪，找个安静的地方坐下，为那个人写一篇“讣告”。A. safe安全的；B. quiet安静的；C. familiar熟悉D. convenient方便的。根据上文中的“If you ever find yourself in this mood”以及下文中的“write an “obituary (讣告)””可知，在心情不好的时候，写讣告应该是找个“安静的”地方符合语境。故选B项。
115．考查名词词义辨析。句意：如果你发现自己处于这种情绪，找个安静的地方坐下，为那个人写一篇“讣告”。A. friend朋友；B. broker经纪人；C. farmer农民；D. person人。根据下文中的“Notice how easy it is to come up with nice things to say about the person.”可知，此处指的是给“人”写讣告。故选D项。
116．考查动词词义辨析。句意：当你想象自己必须用几段文字来总结所爱之人的一生时，这种强烈的情感肯定会压倒你。A. avoid避免；B. adopt釆纳；C. imagine想象；D. oppose反对。根据上文中的“If you ever find yourself in this mood, sit down in a ____14____ place and write an “obituary (讣告)” for that ____15____ .”可知，此处指的是假象为“人”写讣告，所以此处应是“想象”符合语境。故选C项。
117．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：当你想象自己必须用几段文字来总结所爱之人的一生时，这种强烈的情感肯定会压倒你。A. add up加起来；B. hand in上交；C. put up with忍受；D. fit in with与……协调，融入其中。根据语境，此处指想象用与报纸中的讣告“相协调”的几段文字来总结所爱人的一生，以此来创造一种逼真的场景去体会。故选D项。
118．考查名词词义辨析。句意：注意，说一些关于这个人的好话是多么容易。A. goodness美德；B. power权力，力量；C. energy精力；D. effect影响。根据上文中的“Notice how easy it is to come up with nice things to say about the person.”可知，此处指的是“美德”与上文中的nice相吻合。故选A项。
119．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：有一天，你可能真的要“真的”经历这个练习，擦干眼泪，然后和那个人共度美好时光。A. go through经历；B. subscribe to同意；C. set down记下，写下；D. decide on决定。根据上文中的“Experience the powerful emotions that will surely overcome you”可知，此处指的是去“经历”真实的失去某人时的场景。故选A项。
120．考查动词词义辨析。句意：享受当下，意识到拥有这样一个人是多么的幸运。A. Grasp掌握；B. Save拯救；C. Enjoy喜欢，欣赏；D. Expect期望。根据上文中的“wipe the tears and then go and spend quality time with that person.”可知，作者建议去和那个人去度过美好的时光，所以此处应为“享受”当下的时光，珍惜现在的时光。故选C项。
（2023·河南郑州·统考三模）Standing on the shore of a lake, I can’t help but feel surprised at the thousands of small rocks that surround my boots. They were all created from 121 surfaces, their edges softening over time. I wonder, “Can we learn from a pile of rocks?”
Even the tallest mountains have 122 ; none are as tall as they were 1,000 years ago. And much like a rock, I’ve found my 123 has softened and my desire to better understand others has expanded with each trip around the sun.
124 , I was also a sharp rock covered in pointy edges. Today, after decades of the waters of life coursing over me, my edges are softer and I’m more 125 . I’m less likely to judge and more interested in learning how we can 126 together.
But I’m not a 127 . I’m a human filled with all the drama built into my DNA．
Two years ago, while traveling in the Pacific Northwest, I watched a restaurant owner ask several young men to 128 for not wearing masks. Not 129 and not rude. On the door read a sign, “Please wear a mask before entering our restaurant. We don’t like it either, but let’s all do what we can to 130 this together.”
The group of young men wanted to 131 about the note. I sat at the restaurant watching, understanding both sides. I’ve been one of them before, using my youthful edges to chip away at (削弱) the world. What I lost, 132 , was the ability to grow from 133 by looking through the eyes of others. In learning to be more 134 , I’ve also found more happiness and success.
You can fit more rounded rocks in a jar than those with sharp edges. The former look for ways to 135 and make room for others, while the latter never give an 136 to accommodate others.
137 , like the waters rolling against once sharp stones, changes us by washing away our resistance to 138 the world from someone else’s point of view.
I placed a 139 stone into my jacket pocket. Mother Nature is holding a 140 again.
121．A．fragile B．shiny C．smooth D．hard
122．A．piled up B．worn down C．risen up D．broken down
123．A．will B．voice C．attitude D．heart
124．A．Still B．Often C．Here D．Once
125．A．understanding B．confident C．patient D．competitive
126．A．contribute B．exist C．work D．develop
127．A．fool B．soul C．rock D．judge
128．A．explain B．leave C．apologize D．pay
129．A．contradictory B．confusing C．forceful D．discouraging
130．A．get through B．stick to C．deal with D．fight against
131．A．think B．care C．talk D．argue
132．A．even B．however C．anyway D．also
133．A．hardships B．struggle C．experiences D．failure
134．A．open B．cautious C．ambitious D．independent
135．A．ignore B．accept C．adjust D．change
136．A．excuse B．agreement C．entrance D．inch
137．A．Nature B．Tolerance C．Tide D．Time
138．A．reforming B．seeing C．exploring D．travelling
139．A．sharp B．rounded C．valuable D．rolling
140．A．class B．belief C．meeting D．discussion
【答案】121．D 122．B 123．C 124．D 125．A 126．B 127．C 128．B 129．C 130．A 131．D 132．B 133．C 134．A 135．C 136．D 137．D 138．B 139．B 140．A
【导语】本文是一篇夹叙夹议文。作者在湖边观石的时候，联想到自己之前的经历，感悟人恰如岩石，被时间磨平棱角，在时间中变得更为开阔宽广。
121．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：它们都是由坚硬的地表创造的，它们的边缘随着时间的推移而失去棱角。A. fragile脆弱的；B. shiny光滑发亮的；C. smooth光滑的；D. hard坚硬的。根据下文“their edges softening over time”可知，石头的边缘随时间而失去棱角，所以这里说它们本身是坚硬的地表创造的。故选D。
122．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：即使是最高的山也已磨损；没有一个像一千年前那么高。A. piled up积累；B. worn down磨损；C. risen up上升；D. broken down分解。根据下文“none are as tall as they were 1,000 years ago”可知，高山的高度因为时间而降低，所以这里说它们被磨损了。故选B。
123．考查名词词义辨析。句意：就像一块岩石一样，我发现我的态度变得柔和了，我想更好地理解他人的愿望也随着每一次环绕太阳的旅行而扩大了。A. will意志；B. voice声音；C. attitude态度；D. heart内心。根据下文“my desire to better understand others has expanded”可知，作者理解他人的愿望扩大了，所以是对世界的态度变得柔和了。故选C。
124．考查副词词义辨析。句意：曾经，我也是一块尖尖的岩石。A. Still仍然；B. Often经常；C. Here这里；D. Once曾经。根据上文“my desire to better understand others has expanded with each trip around the sun”和空后“I was also a sharp rock covered in pointy edges”可知，现在作者发生了变化，而从前他的边缘也很锋利。故选D。
125．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：今天，经过几十年的生命之水在我身上流淌，我的棱角变得更加柔和，也更加善解人意。A. understanding善解人意的；B. confident自信的；C. patient耐心的；D. competitive好竞争的。根据上文“my desire to better understand others”可知，作者变得更善解人意。故选A。
126．考查动词词义辨析。句意：我不太可能评判别人，我更有兴趣了解我们如何共存。A. contribute做贡献；B. exist存在；C. work工作；D. develop发展。根据上文作者说自己的棱角渐渐磨平，变得善解人意，可推知作者感兴趣的是人如何共存。故选B。
127．考查名词词义辨析。句意：但我不是岩石。A. fool傻瓜；B. soul灵魂；C. rock岩石；D. judge裁判。上文作者是在用岩石作比喻，说明时间会让人逐渐磨平棱角，这里作者在强调自己作为人的戏剧的一面，表示和岩石的不同。故选C。
128．考查动词词义辨析。句意：两年前，在太平洋西北地区旅行时，我看到一个餐馆老板要求几个年轻人离开，因为他们没有戴口罩。A. explain解释；B. leave离开；C. apologize道歉；D. pay支付。根据下文“Please wear a mask before entering our restaurant.”可知，进餐馆需要戴口罩，这几个年轻人没有戴口罩，所以会被要求离开。故选B。
129．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：不强势也不粗鲁。A. contradictory矛盾的；B. confusing令人困惑的；C. forceful强势的；D. discouraging使人沮丧的。根据空后“and not rude”可知，餐馆的老板态度并不粗鲁，所以forceful“强势的”符合语境，和rude并列。故选C。
130．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：我们也不喜欢这样，但让我们尽我们所能一起度过难关。A. get through度过；B. stick to坚持；C. deal with处理；D. fight against抗争。根据上文“Please wear a mask”可知，故事发生在疫情期间，所以是需要大家尽所能一起度过难关。故选A。
131．考查动词词义辨析。句意：那群年轻人想为那张纸条争论一番。A. think思考；B. care关心；C. talk谈论；D. argue争论。根据上文这几个年轻人因为没有带口罩被要求离开餐馆可推知，他们会对餐馆纸条上的要求争论一番。故选D。
132．考查副词词义辨析。句意：然而，我失去的是透过他人的眼睛从经历中成长的能力。A. even甚至；B. however然而；C. anyway无论如何；D. also也。根据上文“I’ve been one of them before, using my youthful edges to chip away at (削弱) the world.”（我以前也是他们中的一员，用我年轻时的优势来削弱这个世界）可知，曾经作者很有锋芒，现在却失去了一些能力，此处语义有转折，需用however“然而”。故选B。
133．考查名词词义辨析。句意：然而，我失去的是透过他人的眼睛从经历中成长的能力。A. hardships困难；B. struggle奋斗；C. experiences经历；D. failure失败。根据此处“grow from ____13____ by looking through the eyes of others”可知，作者在说透过他人的眼睛从某种事物中成长，结合观察岩石、在餐馆的事情可知，experiences“经历”更符合语境，文中没有体现其他选项的含义。故选C。
134．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：在学习更开放的过程中，我也找到了更多的快乐和成功。A. open开放的；B. cautious谨慎的；C. ambitious有抱负的；D. independent独立的。根据上文“by looking through the eyes of others”可知，从他人的眼睛去看待事情是换位思考，是变得更加开放包容。故选A。
135．考查动词词义辨析。句意：前者总想办法调整自己，为别人腾出空间，而后者从不让步迁就别人。A. ignore忽视；B. accept接受；C. adjust调整；D. change改变。根据下文“make room for others”可知，圆的石头会给其他石头腾空间，所以是调整自己。故选C。
136．考查名词词义辨析。句意：前者总想办法调整自己，为别人腾出空间，而后者从不让步迁就别人。A. excuse借口；B. agreement同意；C. entrance入口；D. inch少许。根据上文“while”可知，这里强调锋利的石头和圆的石头不同，它们不会调整自己，不会让步。not give an inch是固定短语，意为“寸步不让”。故选D。
137．考查名词词义辨析。句意：时间，就像水流冲刷着曾经锋利的石头，冲走了我们对从别人的角度看世界的抗拒，从而改变了我们。A. Nature自然；B. Tolerance容忍；C. Tide潮汐；D. Time时间。根据上文“their edges softening over time”可知，是时间磨掉人的棱角，带走了人对换位思考的抗拒。故选D。
138．考查动词词义辨析。句意：时间，就像水流冲刷着曾经锋利的石头，冲走了我们对从别人的角度看世界的抗拒，从而改变了我们。A. reforming改革；B. seeing看；C. exploring探索；D. travelling旅行。根据上文“by looking through the eyes of others”可知，是从他人的角度看待世界。故选B。
139．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：我把一块圆石头放进夹克口袋里。A. sharp锋利的；B. rounded圆形的；C. valuable值钱的；D. rolling起伏的。根据上文“their edges softening over time”可知，作者把圆石头放进口袋，提醒自己要收敛锋芒，做善解人意、可以换位思考的人。故选B。
140．考查名词词义辨析。句意：大自然母亲又在上课了。A. class课；B. belief信念；C. meeting会议；D. discussion讨论。根据上文“I wonder, “Can we learn from a pile of rocks?””可知，作者从自然中学到了重要的一课，所以这里说大自然在上课。故选A。
（2023·河南洛阳·统考模拟预测）Charles Darwin once said, “A man who dares to waste one hour of time has not discovered the value of life.” Well, quite simply 141 : life is short. Spending eight hours every day sleeping 142 you’ re losing a third of your life to 143 . So, is eight hours the 144 amount we need, or just a myth (神话)?
While most scientists 145 that between seven and nine hours a night is a proper amount, this is just a rough 146 . In truth, it’s a little more 147 than that. It seems that the amount of sleep you need 148 your age—with babies needing much more than 149 . Apparently, around seven and a half hours’ sleep is a good amount. In a study 150 at the University of Surrey Sleep Research Centre, the 151 of sleep were monitored.
One group slept for six and a half and the other for seven and a half hours per night. While some findings were 152 —annoyance and lower 153 in the group who slept less, there were some more surprising findings. The genes of people with less sleep were 154 . Genes associated with the immune (免疫) system, stress response and 155 risk of cancer became more active.
One of the biggest problems is that myths with 156 to sleep constantly exist. For example, have you ever heard that you can 157 yourself to need less or no sleep? It’s simply not 158 . Eight hours might not be the exact sweet 159 , and there are 160 like age to take into consideration, but there is a certain amount we do actually need.
141．A．put B．thought C．appreciated D．set
142．A．proves B．shows C．predicts D．means
143．A．clothing B．bed C．food D．accommodation
144．A．exact B．practical C．approximate D．statistic
145．A．imagine B．expect C．agree D．report
146．A．size B．statement C．calculation D．summary
147．A．complex B．important C．popular D．tiresome
148．A．cuts down B．adds to C．looks over D．depends on
149．A．women B．seniors C．adults D．babies
150．A．built B．conducted C．published D．collected
151．A．methods B．surroundings C．habits D．effects
152．A．measurable B．reliable C．predictable D．remarkable
153．A．reputation B．concentration C．worth D．voice
154．A．affected B．removed C．reshaped D．copied
155．A．even B．still C．yet D．thus
156．A．approach B．regard C．reaction D．access
157．A．remind B．encourage C．beg D．train
158．A．worthwhile B．fair C．true D．specific
159．A．status B．chance C．possibility D．spot
160．A．rights B．aspects C．interests D．costs
【答案】141．A 142．D 143．B 144．A 145．C 146．C 147．A 148．D 149．C 150．B 151．D 152．C 153．B 154．A 155．A 156．B 157．D 158．C 159．D 160．B
【导语】这是一篇夹叙夹议文。文章论述了我们需要多少睡眠时间及影响睡眠时间的几个因素，并介绍了几个关于睡眠时间的错误说法。
141．考查动词词义辨析。句意：简单地说：生命是短暂的。A. put说；B. thought认为；C. appreciated欣赏；D. set设置。根据上文“A man who dares to waste one hour of time has not discovered the value of life.”可知，“生命是短暂的”是上文“一个敢于浪费一小时时间的人并没有发现生命的价值。”的简单说法，“quite simply put”意为“简单地说”。故选A项。
142．考查动词词义辨析。句意：每天睡八个小时意味着你将失去三分之一的生命在床上。A. proves证明；B. shows展示；C. predicts预言；D. means意味着。根据句中“Spending eight hours every day sleeping”可知，“八个小时”是每天时间的三分之一，由此可知，每天睡八个小时意味着你将失去生命的三分之一。故选D项。
143．考查名词词义辨析。句意：每天睡八个小时意味着你将失去三分之一的生命在床上。A. clothing服装；B. bed床；C. food食物；D. accommodation住处。根据句中“Spending eight hours every day sleeping”可知，“八个小时”是用来睡觉的，睡觉是在床上，由此可知，你将失去三分之一的生命在床上。故选B项。
144．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：那么，八小时是我们所需要的准确时间，还是只是一个神话？A. exact准确的；B. practical实际的；C. approximate大约的；D. statistic统计的。根据句中“or just a myth”可知，空格前后为选择关系，作者提出疑问，八小时是不是我们睡眠所需要的准确时间。故选A项。
145．考查动词词义辨析。句意：虽然大多数科学家都同意每晚七到九个小时是合适的，但这只是一个粗略的估计。A. imagine想象；B. expect期待；C. agree同意；D. report报道。根据句中“between seven and nine hours a night is a proper amount”和生活常识可知，“每晚七到九个小时的睡眠时间”是大多数科学家都同意的说法。故选C项。
146．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然大多数科学家都同意每晚七到九个小时是合适的，但这只是一个粗略的估计。A. size大小；B. statement陈述；C. calculation估计；D. summary总结。根据句中“seven and nine hours a night”可知，“每晚七到九个小时”是对睡眠时间的粗略估计。故选C项。
147．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：事实上，比那要复杂一些。A. complex复杂的；B. important重要的；C. popular受欢迎的；D. tiresome讨厌的。根据下文“It seems that the amount of sleep you need _____ your age”可知，不同的年龄段所需睡眠时间不同，由此可知，人们所需的睡眠时间要更复杂一些。故选A项。
148．考查动词短语词义辨析。句意：你需要的睡眠量似乎取决于你的年龄，婴儿需要的睡眠比成年人多得多。A. cuts down削减；B. adds to添加到；C. looks over浏览；D. depends on取决于。根据句中“babies needing much more than _____”可知，婴儿和成年人所需的睡眠时间不同，由此可知，你需要的睡眠量似乎取决于你的年龄。故选D项。
149．考查名词词义辨析。句意：你需要的睡眠量似乎取决于你的年龄，婴儿需要的睡眠比成年人多得多。A. women女人；B. seniors上级；C. adults成年人；D. babies婴儿。根据句中“It seems that the amount of sleep you need _____ your age”可知，句中把不同年龄段的人所需的睡眠时间进行对比，由此可知，句中把婴儿和成年人所需的睡眠时间进行对比。故选C项。
150．考查动词词义辨析。句意：在萨里大学睡眠研究中心实施的一项研究中，对睡眠的影响进行了监测。A. built建造；B. conducted实施；C. published出版；D. collected收集。根据句中“a study”可知，研究应该是被组织的，由此可知，在萨里大学睡眠研究中心实施了一项研究。故选B项。
151．考查名词词义辨析。句意：在萨里大学睡眠研究中心实施的一项研究中，对睡眠的影响进行了监测。A. methods方法；B. surroundings周围的环境；C. habits习惯；D. effects影响。根据下文“While some findings were _____—annoyance and lower ______ in the group who slept less, there were some more surprising findings.”可知，下文介绍了不同睡眠时间对人们产生的不同影响，由此可知，研究中心对睡眠的影响进行了监测。故选D项。
152．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：虽然一些发现是可以预测的——在睡眠较少的群体中，出现烦躁和注意力较低的现象，但还有一些更令人惊讶的发现。A. measurable可测量的；B. reliable可信赖的；C. predictable可预测的；D. remarkable显著的。根据句中“annoyance”可知，睡眠较少的人会出现烦躁情绪，这种发现是可以预测的。故选C项。
153．考查名词词义辨析。句意：虽然一些发现是可以预测的——在睡眠较少的群体中，出现烦躁和注意力较低的现象，但还有一些更令人惊讶的发现。A. reputation名誉；B. concentration专注，注意力；C. worth价值；D. voice嗓音。根据句中“in the group who slept less”和生活常识可知，睡眠较少的人会出现注意力较低的现象。故选B项。
154．考查动词词义辨析。句意：睡眠不足的人的基因受到了影响。A. affected影响；B. removed去除；C. reshaped重塑；D. copied复印。根据下文“risk of cancer became more active”可知，睡眠较少的人患癌症的风险变得更高，由此可知，他们的基因受到了影响。故选A项。
155．考查副词词义辨析。句意：与免疫系统、应激反应甚至癌症风险相关的基因变得更加活跃。A. even甚至；B. still仍然；C. yet还；D. thus因此。句中“immune (免疫) system”、“stress response”和“risk of cancer”之间为递进关系，除了免疫系统和应激反应之外，甚至与癌症风险相关的基因都变得更加活跃了。故选A项。
156．考查名词词义辨析。句意：最大的问题之一是关于睡眠的神话一直存在。A. approach方法；B. regard关注；C. reaction反应；D. access通道。根据下文“need less or no sleep”可知，下文介绍的是有关睡眠的神话，由此可知，句中指关于睡眠的神话一直存在，“with regard to…”意为“关于……”。故选B项。
157．考查动词词义辨析。句意：例如，你听说过你可以训练自己少睡或不睡吗？A. remind提醒；B. encourage鼓励；C. beg乞求；D. train训练。根据上文“myths”可知，句中介绍的是有关睡眠的神话，由此可知，句中指训练自己少睡或不睡。故选D项。
158．考查形容词词义辨析。句意：这根本不是真的。A. worthwhile值得的；B. fair公平的；C. true真实的；D. specific具体的。根据下文“there is a certain amount we do actually need”可知，我们确实需要一定数量的睡眠，由此可知，“可以训练自己少睡或不睡”的说法根本不是真的。故选C项。
159．考查名词词义辨析。句意：八个小时可能不是确切的最佳时间，年龄等方面都需要考虑，但我们确实需要一定的时间。A. status状态；B. chance机会；C. possibility可能性；D. spot地点，方面。根据句中“Eight hours”可知，“八个小时”是一个时间，由此可知，句中指八个小时可能不是确切的最佳时间，“sweet spot”意为“最佳时间”。故选D项。
160．考查名词词义辨析。句意：八个小时可能不是确切的最佳时间，年龄等方面都需要考虑，但我们确实需要一定的时间。A. rights权力；B. aspects方面；C. interests兴趣；D. costs费用。根据句中“age”可知，年龄是我们需要考虑的影响睡眠时间的一方面，由此可知，年龄等方面都需要考虑。故选B项。