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2023高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题一第四讲词句猜测题__上下语境觅答案课件
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这是一份2023高考英语二轮专题复习与测试专题一第四讲词句猜测题__上下语境觅答案课件，共37页。PPT课件主要包含了专题一 阅读理解，答案 B，答案 D，答案 A，答案 C，课堂新体验，答案C，答案A，答案B，答案D等内容，欢迎下载使用。
第四讲 词句猜测题——上下语境觅答案一、了解题型特点与设问方式
二、掌握3大猜测词义技法为做好词句猜测题，应当熟练掌握《普通高中英语课程标准》规定的词汇，在日常学习、训练中注重积累生僻词汇和短语，掌握构词法的基本知识，对各种前缀、后缀的变化形式了然于胸；还应学会根据上下文语境进行合理推测，掌握一定的解题技巧。下面介绍三种行之有效的猜词技巧，希望对学生提高阅读理解中词句猜测题的解题能力有所帮助。
技法（一） 利用上下文线索猜测词义
定义作者有时会通过给某些词汇下定义来帮助读者理解词义，尤其是在一些科普类、社科类以及与专业内容相关的文章中。此时，常使用的信号词汇有i.e.、is、are、is/are called、mean、refer t、knwn as等
[典例] （2021·全国甲卷）Suthbank，at an eastern bend in the Thames，is the center f British skatebarding，where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing.I lved it.I sn made friends with the lcal skaters.We spke ur wn language.And my favrite：Safe.Safe meant cl.It meant hell.It meant dn't
wrry abut it.Once，when trying a certain trick n the beam（横杆），I fell nt the stnes，damaging a nerve in my hand，and Tby came ver，helping me up：Safe，man.Safe.A few minutes later，when I landed the trick，my friends beat their bards lud，shuting：“Safe！Safe！Safe！”And that's what mattered—landing tricks，being a gd d the underlined wrds“Safe！Safe！Safe！”prbably mean？A.Be careful！ B.Well dne！ C.N way！ D.Dn't wrry！
[解析]根据本段中的And my favrite：Safe.Safe meant cl.可知，作者将“Safe”定义为“cl”，即出色的；同时结合下文，在作者成功完成动作后，朋友们应该用“Safe”为作者喝彩。
举例有时，画线词后会跟有一些具体的例子，这些例子能帮助学生理解该词的词义。此时常出现的信号词汇有：such as，，fr example，fr instance，like，including，especially等
[典例] （2020·北京卷） Certain frms f AI are indeed becming ubiquitus.Fr example，algrithms （算法）carry ut huge vlumes f trading n ur financial markets，selfdriving cars are appearing n city streets，and ur smartphnes are translating frm ne language int anther.These systems are smetimes faster and mre perceptive than we humans are.But s far that is nly true fr the specific tasks fr which the systems
have been designed.That is smething that sme AI develpers are nw eager t des the underlined wrd“ubiquitus”prbably mean？A.Enrmus in quantity. B.Changeable in quality. D.Present everywhere.
[解析] 根据画线词所在句子后的提示词Fr example可知，下文是对画线词所在句的举例：算法帮助人们在金融市场进行大量的交易，自动驾驶汽车出现在城市的街道，智能手机实现不同语言间的转换等。这些例子都是人工智能被广泛应用到生活中不同领域的体现，由此可以推测出，画线词用于形容人工智能的普遍。
重述作者为了使某一复杂难懂的词或术语的含义更清楚，通常会使用常用、简明的词或词组对其进行解释，这就是重述。重述部分通过逗号（有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号或括号）与句子的其他部分隔开或用信号词引导。常见的信号词汇有r、namely、that is、in ther wrds、that is t say、t be mre exact、t put in anther way等
[典例] （2019·全国卷Ⅲ）“China is impssible t verlk，”says Hill.“Chinese mdels are the faces f beauty and fashin campaigns that sell dreams t wmen all ver the wrld，which means Chinese wmen are nt just cnsumers f fashin—they are central t its mvement，”Of curse，nt nly are tday's tp Western designers being
influenced by China—sme f the best designers f cntemprary fashin are themselves Chinese.“Vera Wang，Alexander Wang，Jasn Wu are taking n Gallian，Albaz，Marc Jacbs —and beating them hands dwn in design and sales，”adds d the underlined wrds“taking n” mean？A.learning frm B.lking dwn nC.wrking with D.cmpeting against
[解析] 画线词汇所在的句子中有破折号，而画线词汇又位于第三个破折号之前，因此要特别注意破折号后面的内容，它是对上文的补充说明。根据画线词汇所在句的内容可知，三位中国最优秀的时装设计者在设计和销量方面击败了三位顶尖西方设计师，据此可推知，take n 在该句中应表示“与……较量”。
同义词或近义词有时，在画线单词或短语的前后会出现与之同义或近义的词汇，它往往暗示了相应词或短语的含义，这时就可以根据同义、近义的替代关系推知生词或短语的含义。同义词、近义词常见的信号词有and、r、like、as well、similarly、t、als、either等
[典例] （2020·全国卷Ⅲ）Yet“Apes”is mre exceptin than the rule.In fact，Hllywd has been ht n live animals lately.One nnprfit rganizatin，which mnitrs the treatment f animals in filmed entertainment，is keeping tabs n mre than 2，000 prductins this year.Already，a number f films，including“Water fr Elephants，”“The Hangver Part Ⅱ”and“Zkeeper，”have drawn the anger f activists wh say the creatures acting in them haven't been treated prperly.
26.What des the underlined phrase“keeping tabs n”prbably mean？A.Listing cmpletely. B.Directing successfully. D.Watching carefully.
[解析] 根据本段中的One nnprfit rganizatin，which mnitrs the treatment f animals in filmed entertainment 可知，该非营利性组织旨在监督电影娱乐业对待动物的方式；画线短语与上文中的mnitr是隐形的同义词、近义词关系。
反义词有时作者会用表示对比或转折的信号词连接意思相反的两个词或句子，这时就可以根据反义词线索猜测词义。表示对比或反义的信号词/词组常见的有（whether...）r、unlike、but、yet、hwever、while、althugh、nevertheless、instead、rather than、in cntrast、n the cntrary、n the ther hand等
[典例] （2022·全国甲卷）Ever since her childhd，Ginni，nw 71，has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career（职业） as a prfessinal dancer，she tured in the UK，but always lnged t explre further.When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest，she decided it was time t take the plunge.
28.Which f the fllwing best explains“take the plunge”underlined？A.Try challenging a back lst t a prmise.
[解析] 根据画线部分所在句的上句中的“but always lnged t explre further”可知，Ginni一直渴望探索更远的地方，这说明她想尝试有挑战性的事情。
技法（二）根据上下文逻辑猜测词义 有时作者并未在文中对某个单词或短语进行明显的解释说明，此时可根据上下文的逻辑关系进行推理，以确定某一复杂难懂的词或短语的意义
转折关系[典例] （2021·新高考卷Ⅰ）When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America，the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife.Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely.Unfrtunately，it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces.Millins f waterfwl（水禽）were killed at the hands f market
hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen.Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the everincreasing ppulatins，greatly reducing waterfwl habitat（栖息地） des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean？A.Acquire. D.Distribute.
[解析] 本题需要结合上下文语境逻辑进行分析。根据语境可知，画线词所在句之前部分描述了北美洲陆地上曾经充满了各种野生物种，然而画线词所在句之后的段落却笔锋一转，描绘了大量水禽被猎杀、湿地被破坏的现象；同时结合Unfrtunately这一信号词可推断，画线词在句起转折作用，用于描写殖民者和探险者如何破坏自然资源。
对比关系有时，文中会对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，或会出现与生词意思相反的词。因此，学生可以根据句中的对比关系来猜测词义
[典例] （2020·天津卷）Histry grunds us in ur rts.Histry is an imprtant and interesting field f study，and learning the histry f ur hme cuntry can give us a deeper，mre meaningful glimpse（一瞥）int ur ancestral pasts，and hw we gt t where we are tday.Many peple feel like they need a sense f cultural belnging，which is smething that studying yur rts and being penminded t the evlutin f yur culture can prvide.
51.The underlined part“where we are tday”prbably means turning pint in ur histryB.the present state f ur natinC.the lcatin f ur hmelandD.the ttal area f ur cuntry
[解析] 根据画线部分所在句前半句中的learning the histry f ur hme cuntry can give us a deeper，mre meaningful glimpse（一瞥）int ur ancestral pasts可知，学习祖国的历史可以让我们更深入、更有意义地了解我们祖先的过去，下文与其形成对比关系，即学习历史也可以帮助我们了解我们国家的现在。
类比关系作为一种推理方法，类比关系是指类比各对象之间存在的一种相似性（共同特征），它通过比较不同对象间的某些相似属性，从而推导出另一属性也可能相似。常见的表示类比关系的信号词有similarly，like，just as，als，as well等[典例] （2019·天津卷）And the stry pses an interesting questin：why d sme peple discver new vitality and creativity t the end f their days，while thers g t seed lng befre？
We've all knwn peple wh run ut f steam befre they reach life's halfway mark.I'm nt talking abut thse wh fail t get t the tp.We can't all get there.I'm talking abut peple wh have stpped learning n grwing because they have adpted the fixed attitudes and pinins that all t ften cme with passing years.
52.What des the underlined part in Paragraph 3 prbably mean？A.End ne's struggle fr ne's energy taking the pprtunity t the interest t cntinue learning.
[解析]本题是一个隐性类比句。画线短语run ut f steam的主语wh在此引导一个定语从句，指前面的peple。steam代表“动力”。在本句中，peple与蒸汽机形成隐性类比，两者的一个共同特征就是“动力，活力”，而run ut f表示“用完，用尽”。由此可推知，画线短语run ut f steam的意思是“失去动力”。再联系本段最后一句“I'm talking abut peple wh have stpped learning n grwing...”可知，作者谈论的是那些不再学习成长的人。所以，画线短语“run ut f steam”指失去学习的动力。
技法（三）根据构词法猜测词义 很多情况下，我们在阅读理解中遇到的生词是派生词或合成词。根据这些词的前缀、后缀、词根或所构成合成词的意思，熟练运用构词法来判断生词的含义是一种十分快速且有效的阅读技巧
[典例] （2020·新高考卷Ⅱ）The end f the schl year was in sight and spirits were high.I was back teaching after an absence f 15 years，dealing with the varius kinds f“frbidden fruit”that cme ut f bk bags.Nw was the spring f the water pistl（手枪）.I decided t think up a methd f dealing with frbidden fruit.…
My imaginary Grandma's Bx wrked like magic that spring，and later. Smetimes students wuld ask me t describe all the things I had in it.Then I wuld try t remember the different pssessins I suppsedly had taken away—since I seldm actually kept them.Usually the ffender wuld appear at the end f the day，and I wuld return the belnging.
25.What d the underlined wrds“the ffender”refer t？A.The student's parent. B.The maker f the Grandma's authr's wner f the frbidden fruit.
[解析] 根据构词法，“er”为后缀，当其与动词缀合时，表示做某事的人或物；ffend为动词，意为“违反、冒犯”。故 ffender 有“犯规者、违反者”的含义。结合上文中出现的frbidden fruit以及下文提到的return the belnging可推断，犯规者指拥有frbidden fruit的人。
A（2022·济南高中三年级十一校联考）Jhn Dminis was ne f the staff phtgraphers f LIFE.He jined LIFE in 1950 and sht ne f the mst classic pictures f the 20th century：Tmmie Smith and Jhn Carls giving the Black Pwer salute at the 1968 Olympics in Mexic City.Here，LIFE lks back at ne f his lesserknwn shts—the African Antelpe，which was a cver stry that earned him Magazine Phtgrapher f the Year in 1966 and later became a bk.In the Editr's Nte that accmpanies the stry，Dminis described hw he was able t get the dramatic pht withut a telepht lens.
“I wanted t get lwangle shts that gave a dramatic sense f their speed.I built bxes and munted cameras in them，”Dminis explained.“Jhn Mbuthi and I wrked fr three weeks with them.We'd g a mile ahead f a herd and put dwn the bxes and hide them.Then we'd hide a quarter f a mile away and wait maybe fr several hurs.Meanwhile the light might change and there was n way I culd change the expsures in the cameras.If the animal reached the bxes，I pushed the buttn that set ff the cameras by a radi signal and ran ff a whle rll f film.I must have expsed 40 rlls，but ended up with nly ne really gd pht.”
The Brisce Centre recently acquired Jhn Dminis' wrks.“These pictures and cllectins have smething t say abut hw Americans perceive the utside wrld，”said Ben Wright f the Brisce Center.“They are nt nly beautiful and interesting，but als histrical evidences that help histrians t understand the past with accuracy and integrity.”
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了摄影师Jhn Dminis拍摄非洲羚羊照片的过程，以及人们对他作品的看法。
1.What cntributed t Dminis' winning Magazine Phtgrapher f the Year in 1966？A.His clse cperatin with Jhn qualified skills in pht f the African famus sht abut the 1968 Olympics.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Here，LIFE lks became a bk”可知，《生活》杂志回顾了Dminis不太为人所知的拍摄非洲羚羊的过程，这张照片为他赢得了年度杂志摄影师的称号。故非洲羚羊照片让Dminis 成为1966年的年度杂志摄影师。故选C。
2.What des the underlined wrd“munted”in Paragraph 3 prbably mean？A.Fixed. D.Fcused.
解析：词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“I wanted t built bxes”以及后文“cameras in them”可知，Dminis 想要拍摄低角度的照片，向人们展示羚羊速度的夸张，所以做了一些盒子。由此可推知，Dminis应是在盒子里面安装了摄像机。故画线词应与A项“安装”的意思更为接近，故选A。B项“增加”；C项“调整”；D项“集中”。
3.What wuld Dminis d if the antelpes reached the bxes？A.Send a signal t the the cameras the buttn n the a quarter f a mile away.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If the animal whle rll f film”可知，如果羚羊到了盒子边，Dminis就按下按钮，通过无线电信号启动摄像机，然后拍下一整卷胶卷，即Dminis会远程操作摄像机。故选B。
4.Which can best describe Dminis at wrk？A.Strict and and and and determined.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I wanted them”可知，Dminis为了拍摄低角度的照片制作了盒子并在里面装上摄像机，说明他具有创造性；结合“wait maybe fr several hurs”可知，他为了一张照片可能会等待好几个小时，说明他意志力坚定。由此可知，Dminis有创造力并且意志力坚定。故选D。
BThe free app，called Lkut，is currently available t users in the United States wh wn a Ggle Pixel device.The cmpany says it hpes t bring Lkut t mre devices and additinal cuntries sn.The app was first annunced at Ggle's I/O develper cnference in May 2018.Since then，the cmpany says it has been testing and wrking t imprve the quality f its results.The app uses technlgy similar t Ggle Lens.That prduct uses machine learning t recgnize text and bjects thrugh a device's camera.Users can then receive infrmatin abut r take actin related t the text and recgnized bjects.
Lkut builds n this same technlgy，but aims t prvide assistance t peple wh are blind r have lw visin.The app uses a device's camera t recgnize text and bjects and then prvide vice descriptins abut what it sees.Lkut is nt designed t depict everything，but instead seeks t search ut things that peple wuld mst likely care abut.The app can learn t judge what things are mst imprtant t a persn ver time.Ggle says the app perates best when the user wears a device arund the neck r inside a pcket，with the camera lens pinted utward.Lkut has three main settings fr peple t use.The Explre setting is designed t prvide assistance fr peple carrying ut daily activities r fr
identifying things in new places.The Shpping setting can capture prducts and help users identify their mney.The Quick Read setting can help users g thrugh their mail，read signs r identify ther printed materials.Ggle says the gal f the app is t prvide mre independence t the nearly 253 millin peple in the wrld wh are blind r have severe visin difficulties.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，题材为电子科技类。文章介绍了一款为盲人服务的免费软件Lkut。该应用程序使用设备的摄像头来识别文本和对象，然后提供关于所见内容的语音描述。
5.After Lkut was annunced the cmpany has been its qualityB.prmting it in the wrldC.testing it n the disabledD.fllwing its market perfrmance
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“Since then，the cmpany says it has been testing and wrking t imprve the quality f its results.”可知，自那款软件发布之后，公司一直在进行测试，并努力提高测试结果的质量，也就是一直在改进其质量。
6.Hw d users receive the infrmatin frm the app Lkut？A.By tuching itB.By listening t the sense f the sense f smell.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句可知，该应用程序使用设备的摄像头来识别文本和对象，然后提供关于所见内容的语音描述，也就是使用者通过听觉获得信息。
7.What des the underlined wrd“depict”in Paragraph 4 mean？A.Ignre. D.Describe.
解析：词句猜测题。根据后面的“but instead seeks t search ut things that peple wuld mst likely care abut”可知，该软件并不是用来描述所有的东西，而是寻找人们最关心的东西。此处 depict的意思是“描述”，与describe是同义词。
第四讲 词句猜测题——上下语境觅答案一、了解题型特点与设问方式
二、掌握3大猜测词义技法为做好词句猜测题，应当熟练掌握《普通高中英语课程标准》规定的词汇，在日常学习、训练中注重积累生僻词汇和短语，掌握构词法的基本知识，对各种前缀、后缀的变化形式了然于胸；还应学会根据上下文语境进行合理推测，掌握一定的解题技巧。下面介绍三种行之有效的猜词技巧，希望对学生提高阅读理解中词句猜测题的解题能力有所帮助。
技法（一） 利用上下文线索猜测词义
定义作者有时会通过给某些词汇下定义来帮助读者理解词义，尤其是在一些科普类、社科类以及与专业内容相关的文章中。此时，常使用的信号词汇有i.e.、is、are、is/are called、mean、refer t、knwn as等
[典例] （2021·全国甲卷）Suthbank，at an eastern bend in the Thames，is the center f British skatebarding，where the cntinuus crashing f skatebards left yur head ringing.I lved it.I sn made friends with the lcal skaters.We spke ur wn language.And my favrite：Safe.Safe meant cl.It meant hell.It meant dn't
wrry abut it.Once，when trying a certain trick n the beam（横杆），I fell nt the stnes，damaging a nerve in my hand，and Tby came ver，helping me up：Safe，man.Safe.A few minutes later，when I landed the trick，my friends beat their bards lud，shuting：“Safe！Safe！Safe！”And that's what mattered—landing tricks，being a gd d the underlined wrds“Safe！Safe！Safe！”prbably mean？A.Be careful！ B.Well dne！ C.N way！ D.Dn't wrry！
[解析]根据本段中的And my favrite：Safe.Safe meant cl.可知，作者将“Safe”定义为“cl”，即出色的；同时结合下文，在作者成功完成动作后，朋友们应该用“Safe”为作者喝彩。
举例有时，画线词后会跟有一些具体的例子，这些例子能帮助学生理解该词的词义。此时常出现的信号词汇有：such as，，fr example，fr instance，like，including，especially等
[典例] （2020·北京卷） Certain frms f AI are indeed becming ubiquitus.Fr example，algrithms （算法）carry ut huge vlumes f trading n ur financial markets，selfdriving cars are appearing n city streets，and ur smartphnes are translating frm ne language int anther.These systems are smetimes faster and mre perceptive than we humans are.But s far that is nly true fr the specific tasks fr which the systems
have been designed.That is smething that sme AI develpers are nw eager t des the underlined wrd“ubiquitus”prbably mean？A.Enrmus in quantity. B.Changeable in quality. D.Present everywhere.
[解析] 根据画线词所在句子后的提示词Fr example可知，下文是对画线词所在句的举例：算法帮助人们在金融市场进行大量的交易，自动驾驶汽车出现在城市的街道，智能手机实现不同语言间的转换等。这些例子都是人工智能被广泛应用到生活中不同领域的体现，由此可以推测出，画线词用于形容人工智能的普遍。
重述作者为了使某一复杂难懂的词或术语的含义更清楚，通常会使用常用、简明的词或词组对其进行解释，这就是重述。重述部分通过逗号（有时也使用破折号、冒号、分号或括号）与句子的其他部分隔开或用信号词引导。常见的信号词汇有r、namely、that is、in ther wrds、that is t say、t be mre exact、t put in anther way等
[典例] （2019·全国卷Ⅲ）“China is impssible t verlk，”says Hill.“Chinese mdels are the faces f beauty and fashin campaigns that sell dreams t wmen all ver the wrld，which means Chinese wmen are nt just cnsumers f fashin—they are central t its mvement，”Of curse，nt nly are tday's tp Western designers being
influenced by China—sme f the best designers f cntemprary fashin are themselves Chinese.“Vera Wang，Alexander Wang，Jasn Wu are taking n Gallian，Albaz，Marc Jacbs —and beating them hands dwn in design and sales，”adds d the underlined wrds“taking n” mean？A.learning frm B.lking dwn nC.wrking with D.cmpeting against
[解析] 画线词汇所在的句子中有破折号，而画线词汇又位于第三个破折号之前，因此要特别注意破折号后面的内容，它是对上文的补充说明。根据画线词汇所在句的内容可知，三位中国最优秀的时装设计者在设计和销量方面击败了三位顶尖西方设计师，据此可推知，take n 在该句中应表示“与……较量”。
同义词或近义词有时，在画线单词或短语的前后会出现与之同义或近义的词汇，它往往暗示了相应词或短语的含义，这时就可以根据同义、近义的替代关系推知生词或短语的含义。同义词、近义词常见的信号词有and、r、like、as well、similarly、t、als、either等
[典例] （2020·全国卷Ⅲ）Yet“Apes”is mre exceptin than the rule.In fact，Hllywd has been ht n live animals lately.One nnprfit rganizatin，which mnitrs the treatment f animals in filmed entertainment，is keeping tabs n mre than 2，000 prductins this year.Already，a number f films，including“Water fr Elephants，”“The Hangver Part Ⅱ”and“Zkeeper，”have drawn the anger f activists wh say the creatures acting in them haven't been treated prperly.
26.What des the underlined phrase“keeping tabs n”prbably mean？A.Listing cmpletely. B.Directing successfully. D.Watching carefully.
[解析] 根据本段中的One nnprfit rganizatin，which mnitrs the treatment f animals in filmed entertainment 可知，该非营利性组织旨在监督电影娱乐业对待动物的方式；画线短语与上文中的mnitr是隐形的同义词、近义词关系。
反义词有时作者会用表示对比或转折的信号词连接意思相反的两个词或句子，这时就可以根据反义词线索猜测词义。表示对比或反义的信号词/词组常见的有（whether...）r、unlike、but、yet、hwever、while、althugh、nevertheless、instead、rather than、in cntrast、n the cntrary、n the ther hand等
[典例] （2022·全国甲卷）Ever since her childhd，Ginni，nw 71，has had a deep lve fr travel. Thrughut her career（职业） as a prfessinal dancer，she tured in the UK，but always lnged t explre further.When she retired frm dancing and her sns eventually flew the nest，she decided it was time t take the plunge.
28.Which f the fllwing best explains“take the plunge”underlined？A.Try challenging a back lst t a prmise.
[解析] 根据画线部分所在句的上句中的“but always lnged t explre further”可知，Ginni一直渴望探索更远的地方，这说明她想尝试有挑战性的事情。
技法（二）根据上下文逻辑猜测词义 有时作者并未在文中对某个单词或短语进行明显的解释说明，此时可根据上下文的逻辑关系进行推理，以确定某一复杂难懂的词或短语的意义
转折关系[典例] （2021·新高考卷Ⅰ）When the explrers first set ft upn the cntinent f Nrth America，the skies and lands were alive with an astnishing variety f wildlife.Native Americans had taken care f these precius natural resurces wisely.Unfrtunately，it tk the explrers and the settlers wh fllwed nly a few decades t decimate a large part f these resurces.Millins f waterfwl（水禽）were killed at the hands f market
hunters and a handful f verly ambitius sprtsmen.Millins f acres f wetlands were dried t feed and huse the everincreasing ppulatins，greatly reducing waterfwl habitat（栖息地） des the underlined wrd “decimate” mean？A.Acquire. D.Distribute.
[解析] 本题需要结合上下文语境逻辑进行分析。根据语境可知，画线词所在句之前部分描述了北美洲陆地上曾经充满了各种野生物种，然而画线词所在句之后的段落却笔锋一转，描绘了大量水禽被猎杀、湿地被破坏的现象；同时结合Unfrtunately这一信号词可推断，画线词在句起转折作用，用于描写殖民者和探险者如何破坏自然资源。
对比关系有时，文中会对两个事物或现象进行对比性的描述，或会出现与生词意思相反的词。因此，学生可以根据句中的对比关系来猜测词义
[典例] （2020·天津卷）Histry grunds us in ur rts.Histry is an imprtant and interesting field f study，and learning the histry f ur hme cuntry can give us a deeper，mre meaningful glimpse（一瞥）int ur ancestral pasts，and hw we gt t where we are tday.Many peple feel like they need a sense f cultural belnging，which is smething that studying yur rts and being penminded t the evlutin f yur culture can prvide.
51.The underlined part“where we are tday”prbably means turning pint in ur histryB.the present state f ur natinC.the lcatin f ur hmelandD.the ttal area f ur cuntry
[解析] 根据画线部分所在句前半句中的learning the histry f ur hme cuntry can give us a deeper，mre meaningful glimpse（一瞥）int ur ancestral pasts可知，学习祖国的历史可以让我们更深入、更有意义地了解我们祖先的过去，下文与其形成对比关系，即学习历史也可以帮助我们了解我们国家的现在。
类比关系作为一种推理方法，类比关系是指类比各对象之间存在的一种相似性（共同特征），它通过比较不同对象间的某些相似属性，从而推导出另一属性也可能相似。常见的表示类比关系的信号词有similarly，like，just as，als，as well等[典例] （2019·天津卷）And the stry pses an interesting questin：why d sme peple discver new vitality and creativity t the end f their days，while thers g t seed lng befre？
We've all knwn peple wh run ut f steam befre they reach life's halfway mark.I'm nt talking abut thse wh fail t get t the tp.We can't all get there.I'm talking abut peple wh have stpped learning n grwing because they have adpted the fixed attitudes and pinins that all t ften cme with passing years.
52.What des the underlined part in Paragraph 3 prbably mean？A.End ne's struggle fr ne's energy taking the pprtunity t the interest t cntinue learning.
[解析]本题是一个隐性类比句。画线短语run ut f steam的主语wh在此引导一个定语从句，指前面的peple。steam代表“动力”。在本句中，peple与蒸汽机形成隐性类比，两者的一个共同特征就是“动力，活力”，而run ut f表示“用完，用尽”。由此可推知，画线短语run ut f steam的意思是“失去动力”。再联系本段最后一句“I'm talking abut peple wh have stpped learning n grwing...”可知，作者谈论的是那些不再学习成长的人。所以，画线短语“run ut f steam”指失去学习的动力。
技法（三）根据构词法猜测词义 很多情况下，我们在阅读理解中遇到的生词是派生词或合成词。根据这些词的前缀、后缀、词根或所构成合成词的意思，熟练运用构词法来判断生词的含义是一种十分快速且有效的阅读技巧
[典例] （2020·新高考卷Ⅱ）The end f the schl year was in sight and spirits were high.I was back teaching after an absence f 15 years，dealing with the varius kinds f“frbidden fruit”that cme ut f bk bags.Nw was the spring f the water pistl（手枪）.I decided t think up a methd f dealing with frbidden fruit.…
My imaginary Grandma's Bx wrked like magic that spring，and later. Smetimes students wuld ask me t describe all the things I had in it.Then I wuld try t remember the different pssessins I suppsedly had taken away—since I seldm actually kept them.Usually the ffender wuld appear at the end f the day，and I wuld return the belnging.
25.What d the underlined wrds“the ffender”refer t？A.The student's parent. B.The maker f the Grandma's authr's wner f the frbidden fruit.
[解析] 根据构词法，“er”为后缀，当其与动词缀合时，表示做某事的人或物；ffend为动词，意为“违反、冒犯”。故 ffender 有“犯规者、违反者”的含义。结合上文中出现的frbidden fruit以及下文提到的return the belnging可推断，犯规者指拥有frbidden fruit的人。
A（2022·济南高中三年级十一校联考）Jhn Dminis was ne f the staff phtgraphers f LIFE.He jined LIFE in 1950 and sht ne f the mst classic pictures f the 20th century：Tmmie Smith and Jhn Carls giving the Black Pwer salute at the 1968 Olympics in Mexic City.Here，LIFE lks back at ne f his lesserknwn shts—the African Antelpe，which was a cver stry that earned him Magazine Phtgrapher f the Year in 1966 and later became a bk.In the Editr's Nte that accmpanies the stry，Dminis described hw he was able t get the dramatic pht withut a telepht lens.
“I wanted t get lwangle shts that gave a dramatic sense f their speed.I built bxes and munted cameras in them，”Dminis explained.“Jhn Mbuthi and I wrked fr three weeks with them.We'd g a mile ahead f a herd and put dwn the bxes and hide them.Then we'd hide a quarter f a mile away and wait maybe fr several hurs.Meanwhile the light might change and there was n way I culd change the expsures in the cameras.If the animal reached the bxes，I pushed the buttn that set ff the cameras by a radi signal and ran ff a whle rll f film.I must have expsed 40 rlls，but ended up with nly ne really gd pht.”
The Brisce Centre recently acquired Jhn Dminis' wrks.“These pictures and cllectins have smething t say abut hw Americans perceive the utside wrld，”said Ben Wright f the Brisce Center.“They are nt nly beautiful and interesting，but als histrical evidences that help histrians t understand the past with accuracy and integrity.”
【语篇解读】 本文主要介绍了摄影师Jhn Dminis拍摄非洲羚羊照片的过程，以及人们对他作品的看法。
1.What cntributed t Dminis' winning Magazine Phtgrapher f the Year in 1966？A.His clse cperatin with Jhn qualified skills in pht f the African famus sht abut the 1968 Olympics.
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段中的“Here，LIFE lks became a bk”可知，《生活》杂志回顾了Dminis不太为人所知的拍摄非洲羚羊的过程，这张照片为他赢得了年度杂志摄影师的称号。故非洲羚羊照片让Dminis 成为1966年的年度杂志摄影师。故选C。
2.What des the underlined wrd“munted”in Paragraph 3 prbably mean？A.Fixed. D.Fcused.
解析：词句猜测题。根据画线词上文“I wanted t built bxes”以及后文“cameras in them”可知，Dminis 想要拍摄低角度的照片，向人们展示羚羊速度的夸张，所以做了一些盒子。由此可推知，Dminis应是在盒子里面安装了摄像机。故画线词应与A项“安装”的意思更为接近，故选A。B项“增加”；C项“调整”；D项“集中”。
3.What wuld Dminis d if the antelpes reached the bxes？A.Send a signal t the the cameras the buttn n the a quarter f a mile away.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段中的“If the animal whle rll f film”可知，如果羚羊到了盒子边，Dminis就按下按钮，通过无线电信号启动摄像机，然后拍下一整卷胶卷，即Dminis会远程操作摄像机。故选B。
4.Which can best describe Dminis at wrk？A.Strict and and and and determined.
解析：推理判断题。根据第三段中的“I wanted them”可知，Dminis为了拍摄低角度的照片制作了盒子并在里面装上摄像机，说明他具有创造性；结合“wait maybe fr several hurs”可知，他为了一张照片可能会等待好几个小时，说明他意志力坚定。由此可知，Dminis有创造力并且意志力坚定。故选D。
BThe free app，called Lkut，is currently available t users in the United States wh wn a Ggle Pixel device.The cmpany says it hpes t bring Lkut t mre devices and additinal cuntries sn.The app was first annunced at Ggle's I/O develper cnference in May 2018.Since then，the cmpany says it has been testing and wrking t imprve the quality f its results.The app uses technlgy similar t Ggle Lens.That prduct uses machine learning t recgnize text and bjects thrugh a device's camera.Users can then receive infrmatin abut r take actin related t the text and recgnized bjects.
Lkut builds n this same technlgy，but aims t prvide assistance t peple wh are blind r have lw visin.The app uses a device's camera t recgnize text and bjects and then prvide vice descriptins abut what it sees.Lkut is nt designed t depict everything，but instead seeks t search ut things that peple wuld mst likely care abut.The app can learn t judge what things are mst imprtant t a persn ver time.Ggle says the app perates best when the user wears a device arund the neck r inside a pcket，with the camera lens pinted utward.Lkut has three main settings fr peple t use.The Explre setting is designed t prvide assistance fr peple carrying ut daily activities r fr
identifying things in new places.The Shpping setting can capture prducts and help users identify their mney.The Quick Read setting can help users g thrugh their mail，read signs r identify ther printed materials.Ggle says the gal f the app is t prvide mre independence t the nearly 253 millin peple in the wrld wh are blind r have severe visin difficulties.
【语篇解读】 本文是一篇说明文，题材为电子科技类。文章介绍了一款为盲人服务的免费软件Lkut。该应用程序使用设备的摄像头来识别文本和对象，然后提供关于所见内容的语音描述。
5.After Lkut was annunced the cmpany has been its qualityB.prmting it in the wrldC.testing it n the disabledD.fllwing its market perfrmance
解析：细节理解题。根据第二段的第二句“Since then，the cmpany says it has been testing and wrking t imprve the quality f its results.”可知，自那款软件发布之后，公司一直在进行测试，并努力提高测试结果的质量，也就是一直在改进其质量。
6.Hw d users receive the infrmatin frm the app Lkut？A.By tuching itB.By listening t the sense f the sense f smell.
解析：细节理解题。根据第三段的最后一句可知，该应用程序使用设备的摄像头来识别文本和对象，然后提供关于所见内容的语音描述，也就是使用者通过听觉获得信息。
7.What des the underlined wrd“depict”in Paragraph 4 mean？A.Ignre. D.Describe.
解析：词句猜测题。根据后面的“but instead seeks t search ut things that peple wuld mst likely care abut”可知，该软件并不是用来描述所有的东西，而是寻找人们最关心的东西。此处 depict的意思是“描述”，与describe是同义词。
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