《Section A Grammar（现在完成时） focus 4a-4c》教案设计2-八年级下册新目标英语【人教版】

Section A 3 (Grammar focus – 4c)

学习目标：

★ 知识目标

掌握现在完成时的用法

★ 能力目标

 正确区分现在完成时与一般过去时

 正确运用for 和since的用法

★ 情感目标

正确处理并充分利用自己的废旧物品。

★ 学习过程

 Step 1 Group work

出示下面的典型例句，让学生们先自己观察句子结构，对比现在完成时和一般过去时的不同。

1. — How long have you had that bike over there? 那边的那辆自行车你买了多长时间了？

  — I’ve had it for three years. 我买了三年了。

2. How long has his son owned the train and railway set? 他的儿子拥有这套轨道火车多长时间了？

  He’s owned it since his fourth birthday. 自他四岁生日起，他就拥有了它。

3. Have you ever played football?  你曾经踢过足球吗？

  Yes, I did when I was little, but I haven’t played for a while now.

  是的，当我很小时就踢过，但是现在我有好长一段时间没有踢了。

Step 2 精讲点拨

 现在完成时

表示从过去已经开始持续到现在的动作或状态，可以和表示“从过去某一时刻延续到现在的一段时间状语”连用，如“for + 时间段”、“since + 过去时间点”、“since + 过去时的从句”、“since + 一段时间 + ago”。且for与since引导的时间状语可以相互转换。

e.g.  My uncle has worked at this factory for ten years.

= My uncle has worked at this factory since ten year ago.

I’ve lived here since 1990．

自从1990年以来我就住在这里。  

I haven’t seen him for three years.

我三年没有看见他了。 

She’s been at this school since five years ago.  

自从五年前以来她就在这个学校。

歌诀：含有for，since的现在完成时的用法歌诀:

 过去的动作或状态，一直持续到现在，for、since把时间带

句中动词的特点

此种用法中表示持续性的动作或状态的动词必须是延续性动词（否定句除外）

1.          这本书我买了5年了。

     I have bought the book for five years. (  )

     I’ve had the book for five years. (   )

2. 你哥哥买这本故事书多长时间了？

    How long has your brother bought this story book? (  )

    How long has your brother kept this story book? (    )

非延续性动词和延续性动词之间的转换

1. 转换为相应的延续性动词，用于现在完成时。

  borrow — keep  buy — have  put on — wear

  catch a cold — have a cold  get to know — know

  get to sleep — sleep

2. 转化为“be + 形容词/副词/介词/名词”

 begin / start — be on    go out — be out      close — be closed

 open — be open        get to/arrive/reach — be (in)

 die — be dead         leave — be away     finish — be over

 fall sleep — be asleep   join — be in/be a member of

 become — be          make friends — be friends

 come/go — be + 相应的介词短语

Step 3 4a Rewrite the sentences using for or since

1. Jim is in Japan. He arrived there three years ago.

Jim has been in Japan for three years.

2.  They are very hungry. Their last meal was ten hours ago.

   They have been hungry for ten hours/since ten hours ago.

3.  I have a camera. I bought it in 2009.

   I have had a camera since 2009.

4.  I know Ann. I first met her three years ago.

   I have known Ann for three years/since three years ago.

5.  Linda is ill. She became ill on Monday.

   Linda has been ill since Monday.

Step 4 4b Fill in the blanks with correct forms of the verbs in brackets.

1. I __________ (never be) to the water park before. I want to _____ (go) next month before the weather gets too cold.

2. They _____________ (never own) any pets, but they ___________ (always want) to have a dog.

3. We ________ (have) a piano since last November. We ______ (buy) it from the Li family when they moved to the US last year.

4. Cathy and Amy __________ (not be) back to their hometown for two years. They _______ (miss) their hometown a lot and hope to visit the place next year.

5. This museum __________ (be) here for over 20 years. It ______ (be) one of the oldest buildings in this small town.

Step 5 Group work

4c Fill in the questions and ask two students. Then complete the chart.

1. Do you have a(n) _______? How long have you had it?

2. Do you own a(n)_______? How long have you owned it?